Why Read Great Books?
¿Ö ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °íÀüµéÀ» Àд°¡? |
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| Posted by
Mortimer J. Adler on Wednesday, 2 April 1997 |
¡¡1997³â
4¿ù 2ÀÏ
¼ö¿äÀÏ
Mortimer J. Adler°¡
The Great Books Cafe¿¡
Àü¼ÛÇÑ ³»¿ë. |
| I would
like to share with you a letter that I recently received and my answer
to it: |
¡¡³ª´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ÞÀº ÇÑÆíÀÇ ¼½Å°ú ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ ´äº¯À» ¿©·¯ºÐ°ú °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù. |
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Dear Dr. Adler, Why should we read great
books that deal with the problems and concerns of bygone eras? Our
social and political problems are so urgent that they demand practically
all the time and energy we can devote to serious contemporary reading.
Is there any value, besides mere historical interest, in reading books
written in the simple obsolete cultures of former times? |
¡¡¾Öµé·¯ ¹Ú»ç´Ô,
¿Ö ¿ì¸®°¡ Áö³ª°£ ½Ã´ëµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦µé°ú °ü½É»çµéÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Ã¥µéÀ» Àоî¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿ä?
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ »çȸÀû ¹× Á¤Ä¡Àû ¹®Á¦µéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ½Ã±ÞÇÏ¿© À̰͵鸸 ÇØµµ »ç½Ç»ó Çö½Ã´ëÀÇ ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁøÁöÇÑ µ¶¼¿¡
¿ì¸®°¡ ½ñÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ½Ã°£°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ Èï¹Ì ¿Ü¿¡, °ú°Å ½Ã´ëÀÇ Åð»öÇØ¹ö¸° ¹®È ¾È¿¡¼
±â·ÏµÈ Ã¥µéÀ» ÀÐÀ½¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼, ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °¡Ä¡¶óµµ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀԴϱî? |
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| People who
question or even scorn the study of the past and its works usually
assume that the past is entirely different from the present, and that
hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true
that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much
of value from its similarity and its difference. |
°ú°Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í °ú°ÅÀÇ ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Àǹ®½Ã Çϰųª ½ÉÁö¾î ºñ¿ô´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÁÖ·Î °ú°Å´Â
ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÇöÀç¿Í ´Ù¸£¸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
¿ì¸®´Â °ú°Å·ÎºÎÅÍ °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª °ú°Å°¡ ÇöÀç¿Í ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î º°°³¶ó´Â °ÍÀº Áø½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±× À¯»çÁ¡°ú Â÷ÀÌÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¹Àº °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
| A
tremendous change in the conditions of human life and in our knowledge
and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times.
The ancients had no prevision of our present-day technical and social
environment, and hence have no counsel to offer us about the particular
problems we confront. But, although social and economic arrangements
vary with time and place, man remains man. We and the ancients share a
common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and
problems. |
¡¡Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ Á¶°Çµé°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Áö½Ä ±×¸®°í ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾öû³ º¯È°¡ ÀÖ¾î¿Ô´Ù.
°í´ëÀεéÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ±â¼úÀû ¹× »çȸÀû ȯ°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ Á÷¸éÇϰí Àִ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÒ ¾Æ¹«·± ±Ç°í¸¦ °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, ºñ·Ï ½Ã°£°ú Àå¼Ò¿¡ µû¶ó¼ »çȸÀû ¹× °æÁ¦Àû
Á¶°ÇµéÀÌ º¯ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ Áö¶óµµ, »ç¶÷Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª »ç¶÷ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®¿Í °í´ëÀεéÀº Àΰ£À¸·Î¼ °øÅëÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Àΰ£À¸·Î¼ÀÇ °øÅëÀΠƯÁ¤ÇÑ °æÇèµé°ú ¹®Á¦µéµµ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
| The poets
bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the
wind on his cheek, was possessed by love and desire, experienced ecstasy
and elation as well as frustration and disillusion, and knew good and
evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more
directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient
prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men
living together in society, still have some thing to say to us. |
¡¡½ÃÀεéÀº Áõ°ÅÇÑ´Ù, Áï,
°í´ë »ç¶÷µµ ¿ª½Ã ÇØ°¡ Áö°í ¶ß´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò°í,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »´¿¡ ½ºÄ¡´Â ¹Ù¶÷À» ´À²¼À¸¸ç, »ç¶û°ú ¿å¸Á¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÇû°í,
ȯÈñ¿Í ÀDZâ¾ç¾çÇÔ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁÂÀý°ú °¢¼ºµµ ´À²¼À¸¸ç,
¼±°ú ¾ÇÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. °í´ëÀÇ ½ÃÀεéÀº ¼ö¼¼±â¸¦ °¡·Î
Áú·¯¼ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¶§·Î´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¿½Ã´ë ÀÛ°¡µé º¸´Ù ´õ¿í
Á÷¼³ÀûÀÌ°í »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °í´ëÀÇ ¼±ÁöÀÚµé°ú öÇÐÀÚµéÀº,
»çȸ ¾È¿¡¼ ÇÔ²² »ì¾Æ°¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ÇØ ÁÙ ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. |
| I have
elsewhere pointed out that the ancients did not face our problem of
providing fulfillment for a large group of elderly citizens. But the
passages from Sophocles and Aristophanes show that the ancients, too,
were aware of the woes and disabilities of old age. Also, the ancient
view that elderly persons have highly developed capacities for practical
judgment and philosophical meditation indicate possibilities that might
not occur to us if we just looked at the present-day picture. |
¡¡³»°¡ ¾îµð¿¡¼±°¡ ÁöÀûÇÏ¿´µíÀÌ °í´ëÀεéÀÌ ´ë±Ô¸ð Áý´ÜÀÇ ¿¬·ÎÇÑ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸¸Á·À» Á¦°øÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â
¿ì¸®¿Í °°Àº ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á÷¸éÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼ÒÆ÷Ŭ·¹½º³ª
¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÆÄ³×½ºÀÇ ±¸ÀýµéÀº, °í´ëÀÎµé ¿ª½Ã ´ÄÀ½¿¡¼ ¿À´Â °íÅë°ú
¹«´É·ÂÇÔÀ» ÀνÄÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ,
¿¬·ÎÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´Ü°ú öÇÐÀûÀÎ ¸í»óÀ» °íµµ·Î ¹ßÀü½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â °í´ëÀÇ ½Ã°¢Àº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Çö½Ç¸¸À»
¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¶°¿À¸£Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °¡´É¼ºµéÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. |
| No former
age has faced the possibility that life on earth might be totally
exterminated through atomic warfare. But past ages, too, knew war and
the extermination and enslavement of whole peoples. Thinkers of the past
meditated on the problems of war and peace and make suggestions that are
worth listening to. Cicero and Locke show that the human way to settle
disputes is by discussion and law, while Dante and Kant propose world
government as the way to world peace. |
¡¡°ú°ÅÀÇ ¾î¶² ¼¼´ëµéµµ Áö»ó¿¡¼ÀÇ »îÀÌ ÇÙÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »Ñ¸®Â° »ÌÇô ¹ö¸± °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ»
¸ÂÀÌÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ú°ÅÀÇ ¼¼´ëµé ¿ª½Ã,
ÀüÀï ±×¸®°í Àüü ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ¸êÁ¾°ú ³ë¿¹È¸¦ ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù.
°ú°ÅÀÇ »ç»ó°¡µéÀº ÀüÀï°ú ÆòÈÀÇ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¸í»óÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀÏ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¦¾ÈµéÀ» ÇØÁØ´Ù. ŰÄÉ·Î¿Í ·ÎÅ©´Â ºÐÀïÀ»
Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â Àΰ£ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº Åä·Ð°ú ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÇÑÆí,
´ÜÅ×¿Í ÄÆ®´Â ¼¼°è Æòȸ¦ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼¼°è Á¤ºÎ¸¦ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù. |
| Former ages
did not experience particular forms of dictatorship that we have known
in this century. But they had firsthand experience of absolute tyranny
and the suppression of political liberty. Aristotle's treatise on
politics includes a penetrating and systematic analysis of
dictatorships, as well as a recommendation of measures to be taken to
avoid the extremes of tyranny and anarchy. |
¡¡°ú°ÅÀÇ ¼¼´ëµéÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼±â¿¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® Àִ Ưº°ÇÑ ÇüŵéÀÇ µ¶ÀçÁÖÀǸ¦ °æÇèÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ÀüÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÆøÁ¤°ú Á¤Ä¡Àû ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ¾ï¾ÐÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î °æÇèÇß´Ù.
¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½ºÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Çп¡ °üÇÑ ³í¹®Àº µ¶ÀçÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤°îÀ» Â¸ç ü°èÀûÀÎ ºÐ¼® »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ ÀüÁ¦ÁÖÀÇ¿Í ¹«Á¤ºÎÁÖÀǸ¦ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç°íµµ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. |
| We also
learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from
the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become
by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the
past -- our personal past and that of the race -- always lives in us. |
¡¡¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ °ú°Å°¡ ÇöÀç¿Í ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â Á¡µéÀ» °í·ÁÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¹è¿î´Ù.
°ú°ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇàÇßÀ¸¸ç »ý°¢ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾ÍÀ¸·Î½á,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ ¾îµð¿¡ ¿Í ÀÖ´ÂÁö , ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾ú´ÂÁö
¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °ú°ÅÀÇ ÀϺÎ--¿ì¸®ÀÇ
°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ °ú°Å¿Í ÀηùÀÇ °ú°Å--´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿ì¸® ¾È¿¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. |
| Exclusive
preference for either the past or the present is a foolish and wasteful
form of snobbishness and provinciality. We must seek what is most worthy
in the works of both the past and the present. When we do that, we find
that ancient poets, prophets, and philosophers are as much our
contemporaries in the world of the mind as the most discerning of
present-day writers. In fact, many of the ancient writings speak more
directly to our experience and condition than the latest best sellers. |
¡¡°ú°Å ¶Ç´Â ÇöÀç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹èŸÀû ¼±È£´Â °¡½Ä¼º°ú ÆíÇù¼ºÀÇ ¿ìµÐÇÏ°í ¼Ò¸ðÀûÀÎ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã °ú°Å ¹× ÇöÀç¿¡¼ °øÈ÷ °¡Àå °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â °í´ëÀÇ ½ÃÀεé,
¼±ÁöÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í öÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ °¡Àå ºÐº°·Â
ÀÖ´Â ÀÛ°¡µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Á¤½ÅÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡¼´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¿½Ã´ë Àεé°ú °°´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
»ç½Ç, °í´ëÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÀÛǰµéÀº ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ º£½ºÆ®
¼¿·¯µéº¸´Ùµµ ´õ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °æÇè°ú »óÅ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. |
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
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Mortimer J. Adler |
¡¡¸ðƼ¸Ó J. ¾Öµé·¯ |
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[¹ø¿ª:
ÀÌÈñ½Â] |
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