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Sherwood, Robert E., in full ROBERT EMMET
SHERWOOD (b. April 4, 1896, New Rochelle, N.Y., U.S.--d. Nov. 14, 1955, New York
City), American playwright whose works reflect involvement in human problems,
both social and political.
Sherwood was an indifferent student at Milton Academy and Harvard University,
failing the freshman rhetoric course while performing well and happily on the Lampoon,
the humour magazine, and with the Hasty Pudding club, which produced the annual
college musical comedy. He left before graduation to enlist in 1917 in the
Canadian Black Watch Battalion, served in France, was gassed, and was discharged
in 1919.
Sherwood was drama editor of Vanity Fair
(1919-20) and with his colleagues Dorothy Parker and Robert Benchley found his
way to the Algonquin Round Table, the centre of a
New York literary coterie. Sherwood then worked as associate editor (1920-24)
and editor (1924-28) of the humour magazine Life. His first play, The Road to Rome
(1927), criticizes the pointlessness of war, a recurring theme in many of his
dramas. The heroes of The Petrified Forest
(1935) and Idiot's Delight (1936) begin as detached cynics but
recognize their own bankruptcy and sacrifice themselves for their fellowmen. In Abe Lincoln in Illinois
(1939) and There Shall Be No Night (1941), in which his pacifist
heroes decide to fight, Sherwood's thesis is that only by losing his life for
others can a man make his own life significant. In 1938 Sherwood formed, with
Maxwell Anderson, Sidney Howard, Elmer Rice, and S.N. Behrman, the Playwrights'
Company, which became a major producing company.
The Lincoln play led to Sherwood's introduction to Eleanor Roosevelt and
ultimately to his working for President Franklin D. Roosevelt
as speechwriter and adviser. Sherwood's speechwriting did much to make
ghostwriting for public figures a respectable practice. Between service as
special assistant to the secretary of war (1940) and to the secretary of the
navy (1945), Sherwood served as director of the overseas branch of the Office of
War Information (1941-44). From his wartime association with Roosevelt came much
of the material for Roosevelt and Hopkins:
An Intimate History. Except for his Academy Award-winning film The
Best Years of Our Lives (1946), Sherwood's theatrical work after World War
II was negligible.
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1896. 4. 4 ¹Ì±¹ ´º¿å ´º·Î¼Ð~1955. 11.
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Ưº°º¸Á°ü(1945)À¸·Î ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È À°±ºÁ¤º¸±¹ ÇØ¿ÜÁöºÎÀå(1941~44)À¸·Î
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ÀÚ·áµéÀ» ¸ð¾Æ ¡´·ç½ºº§Æ®¿Í ȩŲ½ºÀÇ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ ¿ª»ç Roosevelt
and Hopkins : An Intimate History¡µµµ ½è´Ù. Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü µÚ¿¡´Â
¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì»óÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¿µÈ ¡´¿ì¸® »ý¾Ö ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÇØ The Best Years
of Our Lives¡µ(1946)¸¦ »©°í´Â ÁÁÀº ÀÛǰÀ» ¾²Áö ¸øÇß´Ù.
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