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Pacifism


ÆòÈ­ÁÖÀÇ (øÁûúñ«ëù)

Rankin, Jeannette

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Rankin, Jeannette (b. June 11, 1880, near Missoula, Mont., U.S.--d. May 18, 1973, Carmel, Calif.), first woman member of the U.S. Congress (1917-19, 1941-43), a vigorous feminist and a lifetime pacifist and crusader for social and electoral reform. (see also women's liberation movement)

After varied university studies, Rankin began social work in Seattle, Wash., in 1909. Attracted to the cause of woman suffrage, for the next five years she campaigned actively on its behalf in Washington, California, and Montana, eventually becoming legislative secretary of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1916 she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, thus becoming the first woman to hold a seat in either chamber. In office she introduced the first bill that would have allowed women citizenship independent of their husbands and also supported government-sponsored hygiene instruction in maternity and infancy. Reflecting a deep-seated pacifism, she became an outspoken isolationist and was one of 49 members of Congress to vote against declaring war on Germany in 1917. This unpopular stand cost her the Republican Senate nomination in 1918; she ran as an independent and lost. After the war she became a lobbyist and later returned to social work.

Running on an antiwar platform in 1940, Rankin once again won election to the House. She created a furor as the only legislator to vote against the declaration of war on Japan after the raid on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941), effectively terminating her political career with this vote. She did not seek reelection, but continued to lecture on various aspects of social reform. Her militant feminism remained unabated as late as the 1960s, when she founded a self-sufficient women's "cooperative homestead" in Georgia. She also became active again in the peace movement, urging women to demand a halt to the U.S. intervention in Vietnam. On Jan. 15, 1968, at the age of 87, she led 5,000 women, calling themselves the "Jeannette Rankin Brigade," to the foot of Capitol Hill to demonstrate opposition to the hostilities in Indochina.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Hannah Josephson, Jeannette Rankin, First Lady in Congress (1974).

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·£Å² (Jeannette Rankin).

1880. 6. 11 ¹Ì±¹ ¸óųª ¹ÌÁÙ¶ó ±Ùó~1973. 5. 18 ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ Ä«¸Ö.

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