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Rankin,
Jeannette (b. June 11, 1880, near Missoula, Mont., U.S.--d. May 18, 1973,
Carmel, Calif.), first woman member of the U.S. Congress (1917-19, 1941-43), a
vigorous feminist and a lifetime pacifist and crusader for social and electoral
reform. (see also women's liberation movement)
After
varied university studies, Rankin began social work in Seattle, Wash., in 1909.
Attracted to the cause of woman suffrage, for
the next five years she campaigned actively on its behalf in Washington,
California, and Montana, eventually becoming legislative secretary of the
National American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1916 she was elected to the
U.S. House of Representatives, thus becoming the first woman to hold a seat in
either chamber. In office she introduced the first bill that would have allowed
women citizenship independent of their husbands and also supported
government-sponsored hygiene instruction in maternity and infancy. Reflecting a
deep-seated pacifism, she became an outspoken isolationist and was one of 49
members of Congress to vote against declaring war on Germany in 1917. This
unpopular stand cost her the Republican Senate nomination in 1918; she ran as an
independent and lost. After the war she became a lobbyist and later returned to
social work.
Running
on an antiwar platform in 1940, Rankin once again won election to the House. She
created a furor as the only legislator to vote against the declaration of war on
Japan after the raid on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941), effectively terminating her
political career with this vote. She did not seek reelection, but continued to
lecture on various aspects of social reform. Her militant feminism remained
unabated as late as the 1960s, when she founded a self-sufficient women's
"cooperative homestead" in Georgia. She also became active again in
the peace movement, urging women to demand a halt to the U.S. intervention in
Vietnam. On Jan. 15, 1968, at the age of 87, she led 5,000 women, calling
themselves the "Jeannette Rankin Brigade," to the foot of Capitol Hill
to demonstrate opposition to the hostilities in Indochina.
Hannah
Josephson, Jeannette Rankin, First Lady in
Congress (1974).
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·£Å² (Jeannette Rankin).
1880. 6. 11 ¹Ì±¹ ¸óųª ¹ÌÁÙ¶ó ±Ùó~1973.
5. 18 ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ Ä«¸Ö.
¹Ì±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¿©¼º ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿ø(1917~19, 1941~43).
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