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Keller, Helen (Adams) (b. June 27, 1880, Tuscumbia, Ala., U.S.--d. June 1, 1968, Westport,
Conn.), American author and educator who was blind and deaf. Her education and
training represent an extraordinary accomplishment in the education of persons
so handicapped.
By
severe illness, at the age of 19 months, she was deprived of sight and hearing
and soon became mute. When she was about six years old her parents appealed to
Alexander Graham Bell for counsel regarding her education, and, as a result,
Anne Mansfield Sullivan (later Mrs. John A.
Macy) began on March 2, 1887, to instruct the child. Sullivan, then 20 years
old, formerly blind but partially cured of blindness, was a graduate of the
Perkins School for the Blind at Boston. Within a month she had begun to teach
Helen the names of objects by pressing the manual alphabet into her palm; later
Helen learned to speak by placing her fingers on Sullivan's larynx to
"hear" the vibrations. Under Sullivan's constant teaching and with
instruction at the Horace Mann School for the Deaf, Boston, and the
Wright-Humason Oral School, New York City, Keller learned to read and write in
Braille and became exceptionally proficient in the ordinary educational
curriculum. She graduated cum laude
(1904) from Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass., where Sullivan had
"spelled" the lectures into her hand.
Helen
Keller devoted her life to publicly aiding the deaf and blind. With the aid of a
translator (needed because her voice was not generally intelligible), she toured
the world to promote the education of persons similarly afflicted. She wrote
many books, including The Story of My Life
(1902) and Helen Keller's Journal
(1938). Helen Keller's childhood training with Anne Sullivan was depicted in
William Gibson's play The Miracle Worker
(New York opening, Oct. 19, 1959), which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1960 and was
subsequently made into a motion picture (1962).
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