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Kautsky, Karl
(b. Oct. 16, 1854, Prague--d. Oct. 17, 1938, Amsterdam), Marxist theorist and a
leader of the German Social Democratic Party.
Having
joined the Austrian Social Democrats while a student at the University of
Vienna, Kautsky became a Marxist when he went to Zürich (1880) and was
influenced by the political theorist Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932). In London he
made the acquaintance of Friedrich Engels, with whom he maintained a close
friendship until the latter's death in 1895. In 1883 he founded and edited the
Marxist review Neue
Zeit, publishing it in Zürich, London, Berlin, and Vienna until
1917. He was the author of the Erfurt Program
adopted by the Social Democrats in 1891, which committed the party to an
evolutionary form of Marxism that rejected both the radicalism of Rosa Luxemburg
and the evolutionary socialist doctrines of Eduard Bernstein. The German Social
Democrats accepted Kautsky as their authority on Marxism until World War I, when
he joined the minority Independent Social Democrats in their opposition to the
war. After the October Revolution in Russia (1917), Kautsky became increasingly
isolated from the Independents by his opposition to violent revolution and to
minority socialist dictatorships. After many Independents had joined the
Communist Party, however, the remaining Independents and the majority branch of
the German Social Democratic Party reunited, a result for which Kautsky had
laboured.
After
1918 he edited the German Foreign Office's archives, publishing secret documents
regarding the origins of the war. He engaged in literary activities in Vienna
from 1924 until 1938, when the German occupation of Austria forced him to flee.
His other works include Marx' ökonomische
Lehren (1887; The Economic Doctrines
of Karl Marx), Thomas More und seine
Utopie (1888; Thomas More and His
Utopia), and many articles in Neue Zeit.
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1854. 10. 16 ÇÁ¶óÇÏ~1938. 10. 17
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