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Hesse, Hermann
(b. July 2, 1877, Calw, Ger.--d. Aug. 9, 1962, Montagnola, Switz.), German
novelist, poet, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1946, whose main
theme deals with man's breaking out of the established modes of civilization to
find his essential spirit. With his appeal for self-realization and his
celebration of Eastern mysticism, Hesse posthumously became a cult figure to
young people in the English-speaking world.
At the
behest of his father, Hesse entered the Maulbronn seminary. Though a model
student, he was unable to adapt, so he was apprenticed in a Calw tower-clock
factory and later in a Tübingen bookstore. His disgust with conventional
schooling was expressed in the novel Unterm
Rad (1906; Beneath the Wheel), in
which an overly diligent student is driven to self-destruction.
Hesse
remained in the bookselling business until 1904, when he became a free-lance
writer and brought out his first novel, Peter
Camenzind, about a failed and dissipated writer. The inward and
outward search of the artist is further explored in Gertrud
(1910) and Rosshalde (1914). A visit to India in these years was later
reflected in Siddhartha (1922), a
lyric novel based on the early life of Buddha.
During
World War I, Hesse lived in neutral Switzerland, wrote denunciations of
militarism and nationalism, and edited a journal for German war prisoners and
internees. He became a permanent resident of Switzerland in 1919 and a citizen
in 1923, settling in Montagnola.
A
deepening sense of personal crisis led Hesse to psychoanalysis with J.B. Lang, a
disciple of Carl Gustav Jung. The influence of
analysis appears in Demian (1919), an
examination of the achievement of self-awareness by a troubled adolescent. This
novel had a pervasive effect on a troubled Germany and made its author famous.
Hesse's later work shows his interest in Jungian concepts of introversion and
extroversion, the collective unconscious, idealism, and symbols. The duality of
man's nature preoccupied Hesse throughout the rest of his career.
Der
Steppenwolf (1927;
Steppenwolf) describes the conflict
between bourgeois acceptance and spiritual self-realization in a middle-aged
man. In Narziss und Goldmund (1930; Narcissus
and Goldmund), an intellectual ascetic who is content with established
religious faith is contrasted with an artistic sensualist pursuing his own form
of salvation. In his last and longest novel, Das Glasperlenspiel (1943; English
titles The Glass Bead Game, or Magister
Ludi), Hesse again explores the dualism of the contemplative and the active
life, this time through the figure of a supremely gifted intellectual. (see also
"Steppenwolf, Der")
More
information about Hesse can be found in G.W. Field, Hermann Hesse (1970); Joseph Mileck, Hermann Hesse: Biography and Bibliography, 2 vol. (1977), and Hermann
Hesse: Life and Art (1978).
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Àú¼
Ç츣¸¸ Çì¼¼ ÀüÁý Àü5±Ç
: H. Çì¼¼,
ÀÌ¿µ±¸ ¿Ü ¿ª, ½ÅÈ»ç,
1982
Çì¼¼ ¸í½Ã¼± : H.
Çì¼¼, ±èÈñº¸ ¿ª,
Á¾·Î¼Àû, 1989
Ç츣¸¸ Çì¼¼ ´ÜÆí¼± (Anam Library 1) : H.
Çì¼¼, °í·Á´ëÇб³
ÃâÆÇºÎ, 1975
Hermann Hesse Gesammelte Werke : Hermann Hesse, Suhrkamp, 1970
¿¬±¸¼
Ç츣¸¸ Çì¼¼ :
À̼ö±¤, ÇѸ²ÃâÆÇ»ç, 1986
¹®Çаú öÇÐÀÇ ¸¸³² :
ßµÜâô¥ÕÍ, ±â¸°¿ø ÆíÁýºÎ ¿ª,
±â¸°¿ø, 1984
µ¶ÀϹ®ÇÐÀÇ »ç»ó°ú ¹è°æ :
°ûº¹·Ï, ¼°´ëÇб³ ÃâÆÇºÎ,
1983
µ¶ÀϽÃÀηР:
±èÁÖ¿¬, ¿È´ç, 1983
Ç츣¸¸ Çì¼¼ »ý¾Ö ÀÛǰ ¹× ºñÆò
: ȲÁø,
°è¸í´ëÇб³
ÃâÆÇºÎ, 1982
µ¶ÀÏÇм¼³ :
¹ÚÀμö, ÀϽŻç, 1981
Ç츣¸¸ Çì¼¼ : H. J.
·òƼ¡¤·ÎÅ× Äë·¯¡¤G. W.
ÇÊµå °øÀú,
ÀÌÀοõ Æí, ¹®Çаú Áö¼º»ç, 1980
Hermann Hesse : Iris,
¿ÀÀÎö ¿ª, ÀüÁÖ´ëÇб³ ÃâÆÇºÎ,
1980
Ç츣¸¸ Çì¼¼(»ý¾Ö¿Í »ç»ó
2) : B. ÿ·¯,
¹Ú±¤ÀÚ ¿ª,
ÇาÃâÆÇ»ç, 1979
µ¿¾çÀ» ÇâÇÑ »ý,
Çì¼¼ÀÇ »ý¾Ö ¡´¹®Çлç»ó¡µ 58 :
ÀÚ·áÁ¶»ç¿¬±¸½Ç Æí¡¤¹ßÇà, 1977
Hermann Hesse£ºLife and Art : Joseph Mileck, 1978
Hermann Hesse£ºBiography and Bibliography, 2 vol. : Joseph Mileck,
1977
Hermann Hesse£ºSein Leben und sein Werk : Hugo Ball, Suhrkamp,
1947 |