|
(Matt. v. 38-42; Luke
vi. 29, 30): 'Ye have heard that it was said, An eye for an eye, and a
tooth for a tooth: but I say unto you. Resist not him that is evil: but
whosoever smiteth thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. And
if any man would go to law with thee, and take away thy coat, let him have
thy cloak also. And whosoever shall compel thee to go one mile, go with
him twain. Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would
borrow of thee turn not thou away.' |
(¸¶Åº¹À½
5Àå 38-42Àý;
´©°¡º¹À½ 6Àå 29,30Àý): ¡®´«Àº ´«À¸·Î,
ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·Î °±À¸¶ó
ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡ µé¾úÀ¸³ª ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô
À̸£³ë´Ï ¾ÇÇÑÀÚ¸¦ ´ëÀûÄ¡ ¸»¶ó. ´©±¸µçÁö ³× ¿À¸¥Æí
»´À» Ä¡°Åµç ¿ÞÆíµµ µ¹·Á´ë¸ç, ¶Ç ³Ê¸¦ ¼Û»çÇÏ¿© ¼Ó¿ÊÀ»
°¡Áö°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô °Ñ¿Ê±îÁöµµ °¡Áö°Ô ÇÏ¸ç ¶Ç
´©±¸µçÁö ³Ê·Î ¾ïÁö·Î ¿À¸®¸¦ °¡°Ô ÇÏ°Åµç ±× »ç¶÷°ú
½Ê¸®¸¦ µ¿ÇàÇÏ°í ³×°Ô ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô °ÅÀýÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.¡¯ |
|
|
|
Among the first responses called forth by my book[What
I Believe] were some letters
from American Quakers. In these letters, expressing their sympathy with my
views on the unlawfulness for a Christian of war and the use of force of
any kind, the Quakers gave me details of their own so-called sect, which
for more than two hundred years has actually professed the teaching of
Christ on non-resistance to evil by force, and does not make use of
weapons in self-defense. The Quakers sent me also their pamphlets,
journals, and books, from which I learnt how they had, years ago,
established beyond doubt the duty for a Christian of fulfilling the
command of non-resistance to evil by force, and had exposed the error of
the Church's teaching in allowing war and capital punishment. |
³ªÀÇ Àú¼[³ª´Â
¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡]¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¦±âµÈ ù¹øÂ° ¹ÝÀÀµé Áß¿¡´Â
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÄùÀÌÄ¿ ±³µµµé¿¡°Ô¼ ¿Â ÆíÁöµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
À̵é
ÆíÁöµé¿¡´Â, ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹× ¾î¶²
Á¾·ùÀÌµç Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ºÒ¹ý¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ
°ßÇØ¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ °ø°¨À» Ç¥ÇöÇϸé¼,
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀº ¼ÒÀ§
±×µéÀÇ ±³ÆÄ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ³»°Ô ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀº À̹é³â ÀÌ»óÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¹«ÀúÇ׿¡ °üÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» °ø¾ðÇßÀ¸¸ç,
ÀÚ±â
¹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇØ ¹«±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í Çß´Ù.
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ¼ÒÃ¥ÀÚ, ÀâÁöµé,
±×¸®°í
¼ÀûµéÀ» ³»°Ô º¸³Â´Âµ¥, ±×°Íµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª´Â ±×µéÀÌ
¾î¶»°Ô, ¼ö³â Àü¿¡,
ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇõÇÏ´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ Àǹ«¸¦
È®¸³ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ÀüÀï°ú »çÇüÀ» Çã¶ôÇÏ´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ Æø·ÎÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
In a whole series of arguments and texts showing that war-that is, the
wounding and killing of men-is incon¡©sistent with a religion founded on
peace and good will toward men, the Quakers maintain and prove that
nothing has contributed so much to the obscuring of Christian truth in the
eyes of the heathen, and has hindered so much the diffusion of
Christianity through the world, as the disre¡©gard of this command by men
calling themselves Christians, and the permission of war and violence to
Christians. |
ÀüÀï-´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é,
»ç¶÷µéÀ» »ì»óÇϰí Á×ÀÌ´Â °Í-Àº
»ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÆòÈ¿Í ¼±ÀǸ¦ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÑ Á¾±³¿Í
ºÎÇÕµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â Àüü ½Ã¸®Á ÅëÇÑ
³íÁ¡µé°ú ÁÖÁ¦µé·Î¼, ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀº ±× ¾î´À °Íµµ,
ÀÚĪ
±âµ¶±³ ÀÎÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀÇ
¹«½Ã¿Í, ±âµ¶±³ Àε鿡°Ô ÀüÀï°ú Æø·ÂÀÇ Çã¿ë¸¸Å,
À̹æÀεéÀÇ ´«¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®°¡ Èå·ÁÁ® º¸ÀÌ°Ô Çϰí
Àü ¼¼»ó¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ÀüÆÄ¸¦ °¡·Î ¸·Àº °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù°í
ÁÖÀåÇϸç Áõ¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
"Christ's teaching, which came to be known to men, not by means of
violence and the sword," they say, "but by means of non-resistance to
evil, gentleness, meekness, and peaceableness, can only be diffused
through the world by the example of peace, harmony, and love among its
followers." |
±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº,
Æø·Â°ú Ä®À»
ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×,
¿ÂÈÇÔ, ¿ÂÀ¯ÇÔ,
±×¸®°í ÆòȽº·¯¿òÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍÀ» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÆòÈ¿Í Á¶È ±×¸®°í
»ç¶ûÀÇ º»À» º¸ÀÓÀ¸·Î½á ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀüÆÄµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.¡± |
|
"A Christian, according to the teaching of God him¡©self, can act
only peaceably toward all men, and therefore there can be no authority
able to force the Christian to act in opposition to the teaching of God
and to the principal virtue of the Christian in his relation with his
neighbors." |
¡°±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº,
Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó¼,
¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÆòÈÀûÀ¸·Î Çàµ¿ÇØ¾ß Çϸç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¾î¶²
±Ç·Âµµ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú
ÀÌ¿ôµé°úÀÇ °ü°è¿¡¼ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ´ö¸ñ¿¡
¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ Çϵµ·Ï °¿äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ±Ç·Âµµ
ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.¡± |
|
"The law of state necessity," they say, "can force only those to
change the law of God who, for the sake of earthly gains, try to reconcile
the irreconcilable; but for a Christian who sincerely believes that
following Christ's teaching will give him salvation, such considerations
of state can have no force." |
±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±¹°¡ÀÇ Çʿ伺¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ýÀº,
¼¼»óÀÇ
À̵æÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©, ŸÇùµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ŸÇùÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µé¸¸À» ¿ÀÁ÷ °Á¦ÇÏ¿© Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô
±¸¿øÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ¹Ï´Â ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô´Â,
±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ °í·ÁµéÀº ¾Æ¹«·± ÈûÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.¡± |
|
Further acquaintance with the labors of the Quakers and their
works-with Fox,
Penn, and especially the work of Dymond (published in
1827)-showed me not only that the impossibility of reconciling
Christianity with force and war had been recognized long, long ago, but
that this irreconcilability had been long ago proved so clearly and so
indubitably that one could only wonder how this impossible reconciliation
of Christian teaching with the use of force, which has been, and is still,
preached in the churches, could have been maintained in spite of it. |
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µé°ú ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷µé-Æø½º,
Ææ,
±×¸®°í ƯÈ÷ (1827³â¿¡
ÃâÆÇµÈ)´ÙÀ̸óµåÀÇ ÀÛǰµé-ÀÇ ³ë·Âµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á» ´õ
»ó¼¼ÇÑ Áö½ÄÀº, ±âµ¶±³¸¦ Æø·Â ¹× ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ŸÇùÇÔ¿¡
´ëÇÑ ºÒ°¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¾î ¿ÔÀ» »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÌ Å¸Çù ºÒ°¡´É¼ºÀº ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ºÐ¸íÇϰÔ
±×¸®°í ³Ê¹«³ª È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô Áõ°ÅµÇ¾î¼,
¾î¶»°Ô
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» Æø·Â°ú ÇÔ²² ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ Å¸ÇùÀÌ
ÀÖ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Á¸Àç Çϸç,
±³È¸¿¡¼ ¼³±³µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí ÁöÁöµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³î¶ó¿Í
ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ½À» ³»°Ô º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. |
|
In addition to what I learned from the Quakers I received about the
same time, also from America, some information on the subject from a
source perfectly distinct and previously unknown to me. |
³»°¡ ÄùÀÌÄ¿µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Ë°ÔµÈ °Í ¸»°íµµ,
°°Àº ¹«·Æ¿¡,
¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ º°°³À̸ç Àü¿¡ ³»°Ô
¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â Ãâó·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à°£ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦
¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
|
The son of William Lloyd Garrison, the famous champion of the
emancipation of the Negroes, wrote to me that he had read my book, in
which he found ideas similar to those expressed by his father in the year
1838, and that, thinking it would be interesting to me to know this, he
sent me a declaration or proclamation of "non-resistance "drawn up by
his father nearly fifty years ago. |
À¯¸íÇÑ ÈæÀÎ ÇØ¹æÀÇ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚÀÎ Àª¸®¾ö ·ÎÀ̵å
°Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ³ªÀÇ Àú¼¸¦ Àоú´Ù°í ÇÏ¸é¼ ³»°Ô
ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ Àú¼¿¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÎÄ£ÀÌ
1838³âÇ¥ÇöÇÑ °Í°ú À¯»çÇÑ °³³äµéÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù°í Çß´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³»°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é Èï¹Ì·Î¿ï °ÍÀ̶ó°í
»ý°¢Çϸé¼, °ÅÀÇ ¿À½Ê³â Àü¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ºÎÄ£¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
Á¤¸®µÈ ¡°¹«ÀúÇס±
ÀÇ ¼±¾ð ¶Ç´Â ¼º¸íÀ» ³»°Ô º¸³»¾ú´Ù. |
|
This declaration came about under the following cir¡©cumstances:
William Lloyd Garrison took part in a dis¡©cussion on the means of
suppressing war in the Society for the Establishment of Peace among Men,
which existed in 1838 in America. He came to the conclusion that the
establishment of universal peace can only be founded on the open
profession of the doctrine of non-resistance to evil by violence (Matt. v.
39), in its full significance, as understood by the Quakers, with whom
Garrison happened to be on friendly relations. Having come to this conclu¡©sion,
Garrison thereupon composed and laid before the society a declaration,
which was signed at the time-in 1838-by many members. |
ÀÌ ¼±¾ðÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »óȲ¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Ù: Àª¸®¾ö
·ÎÀÌµå °Ô¸®½¼Àº [Àΰ£µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÆòÈ Á¤ÂøÀ» À§ÇÑ Çùȸ]¿¡¼
ÀüÀï ¾ïÁ¦ÀÇ ¼ö´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åä·Ð¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù,
±× ¸ðÀÓÀº
1838³â ¹Ì±¹¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇß¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÆòÈÀÇ Á¤ÂøÀº
Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®(¸¶ÅÂ
5:39)¸¦
°ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±¾ðÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ÀÁ÷ ±âÃ浃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÀÚüÀÇ ¿ÂÀüÇÑ Á߿伺¿¡¼
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀÌ ±ú´ÞÀº °Í°ú °°¾ÒÀ¸¸ç,
°Ô¸®½¼Àº ±×µé°ú
¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ °ü°è°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ
°Ô¸®½¼Àº ±× °á°ú ±× ÇÐȸ ¾Õ¿¡ ÇѰ¡Áö ¼±¾ðÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿©
³»¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ±×¶§-1838³â-¿¡ ¸¹Àº
ȸ¿øµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù.. |
|
"DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS ADOPTED BY THE PEACE CONVENTION. |
¡°ÆòÈ È¸ÀÇ¿¡¼ äÅÃµÈ ÀǰßÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥¡± |
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
"boston, 1838. |
¡°1838³â º¸½ºÅæ |
|
"We, the undersigned, regard it as due to ourselves, to the cause
which we love, to the country in which we live, to publish a declaration
expressive of the purposes we aim to accomplish and the measures we shall
adopt to carry forward the work of peaceful universal reformation. |
¡°¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¼¸íÇÑ ¿ì¸®´Â,
¿ì¸®°¡ ´Þ¼ºÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â
¸ñÀû ¹× ÆòÈÀûÀÎ Àü¼¼°è °³Çõ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÃßÁøÇϱâ À§ÇØ
äÅÃÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜµéÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¼±¾ð¹®À» °øÇ¥ÇÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®
ÀÚ½Å, ¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯,
¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡
´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù. |
|
"We do not acknowledge allegiance to any human gov¡©ernment. We
recognize but one King and Lawgiver, one Judge and Ruler of mankind. Our
country is the world, our countrymen are all mankind. We love the land of
our nativity only as we love all other lands. The interests and rights of
American citizens are not dearer to us than those of the whole human race.
Hence we can allow no appeal to patriotism to revenge any national insult
or injury. . . |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ¼ºµµ
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Àηù¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇϳªÀÇ
¿Õ°ú ÀÔ¹ýÀÚ, ÇϳªÀÇ ÀçÆÇ°ü°ú ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¹°¡´Â ¼¼°èÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¿Æ÷´Â ¸ðµç ÀηùÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ Áö¹æÀ» »ç¶ûÇϱ⠴빮¿¡
¿ì¸®°¡ ÅÂ¾î³ Áö¹æÀ» »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹
½Ã¹Îµé·Î¼ÀÇ ÀÌÀ͵é°ú ±Ç¸®µéÀº Àüü ÀηùÀÇ
±×°Íµéº¸´Ù ´õ¿í ±ÍÁßÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â
¾î¶² ±¹°¡ÀûÀÎ ¸ð¿åÀ̳ª »óó¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© º¹¼öÇϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² ¾Ö±¹½É¿¡µµ È£¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.... |
|
"We conceive that a nation has no right to defend itself against
foreign enemies or to punish its invaders, and no individual possesses
that right in his own case, and the unit cannot be of greater importance
than the aggregate. If soldiers thronging from abroad with intent to
commit rapine and destroy life may not be resisted by the people or the
magistracy, then ought no resistance to be offered to domestic troublers
of the public peace or of private security. |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ¿ø¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿©
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹æ¾îÇϰųª ±×ÀÇ Ä§·«ÀÚµéÀ» ó¹úÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡
¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¾î¶² °³Àεµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±×·¯ÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦
¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏÁö ¸øÇϸç, ´ÜÀ§°¡ ÁýÇÕüº¸´Ù ´õ Å« Áß¿äÇÒ ¼ö°¡
¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¾àÅ»À» ÀÚÇàÇÏ¸ç »ì»óÀÇ Àǵµ·Î
¿Ü±¹¿¡¼ ¸ô·Á¿À´Â º´»çµéÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ̳ª ÇàÁ¤°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
ÀúÁöµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, °ø°øÀÇ ÆòÈ ¶Ç´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ»
À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±¹À» ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ÀúÇ×µµ
ÇàÇØÁ®¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. |
taken from
"THE KINGDOM OF GOD IS WITHIN YOU."
by Leo Tolstoy
Click Here to Continue |
Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ Àú¼,
¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó´Â ´ç½Å ¾È¿¡
ÀÖ´À¸®¶ó.¡±
¿¡¼ Àοë.
ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº À̰÷À»
´©¸£¼¼¿ä. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|