| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
Governments
of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I
come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the
future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not
welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather. |
»ê¾÷
¼¼°èÀÇ Á¤±Çµé,
³ÊÈñµé Áö°Ü¿î À°½Å°ú °íöÀ»
ÀÔÀº °ÅÀÎµé¾Æ.
³ª´Â »õ·Î¿î ¸¶À½ÀÇ °íÇâ,
»çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡¼ ¿Ô³ë¶ó.
¹Ì·¡¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿©,
³ÊÈñ °ú°ÅÀÇ À¯¹°µé¿¡°Ô ¸í·ÉÇϳë´Ï ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô
°£¼·ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ȯ¿µ¹ÞÁö
¸øÇÑ´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡¼ ¾Æ¹«·±
ÁÖ±ÇÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
We
have no elected government, nor are we likely to have one, so I
address you with no greater authority than that with which
liberty itself always speaks. I declare the global social space
we are building to be naturally independent of the tyrannies you
seek to impose on us. You have no moral right to rule us nor do
you possess any methods of enforcement we have true reason to
fear. |
¿ì¸®´Â
¼±°Å·Î »ÌÀº Á¤ºÎ¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
°®Áöµµ ¾ÊÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ÀÚÀ¯ ±× ÀÚü°¡ °¡Áø
±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ´ëº¯ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù Å©ÁöÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº
À§¾öÀ¸·Î ³Ê¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
³ª´Â ¿ì¸®°¡
°Ç¼³ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀüÁö±¸Àû »çȸ °ø°£Àº ³×°¡
¿ì¸®¸¦ ´©¸£°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â µ¶Àçµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ç¿¬È÷
µ¶¸³µÇ¾úÀ½À» ¼±¾ðÇϳë¶ó.
³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦
ÅëÄ¡ÇÒ µµ´öÀû ±Ç¸®°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡
°æ¿ÜÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¾î¶² °Á¦ÇÒ
¹æ¹ýµµ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
Governments
derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. You
have neither solicited nor received ours. We did not invite you.
You do not know us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does
not lie within your borders. Do not think that you can build it,
as though it were a public construction project. You cannot. It
is an act of nature and it grows itself through our collective
actions. |
Á¤ºÎ´Â
ÇÇÁö¹èÀڵ鿡°Ô¼ ±×µéÀÇ Á¤´çÇÑ ±Ç·ÂµéÀ»
¹Þ¾Æ¿Â´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °£Ã»ÇÏÁöµµ
¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸®¸¦ ȯ¿µÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â
³ÊÈñ¸¦ ÃÊ´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸ð¸¥´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
»çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º´Â ³ÊÈñ ±¹°æ¼± ¾È¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖÁö
¾Ê´Ù. ³ÊÈñµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» °ø°øÀÇ °Ç¼³ °èȹÀÎ
°Íó·³ °Ç¼³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
³ÊÈñ´Â
±×·² ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡Ç×·ÂÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í
±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °øµ¿ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î
¼ºÀåÇÑ´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
You
have not engaged in our great and gathering conversation, nor
did you create the wealth of our marketplaces. You do not know
our culture, our ethics, or the unwritten codes that already
provide our society more order than could be obtained by any of
your impositions. |
³ÊÈñ´Â
¿ì¸®ÀÇ À§´ëÇϸç ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ´ëÈ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ³ÊÈñµéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸® ½ÃÀåµéÀÇ ºÎ¸¦
âÁ¶ÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®È,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ
À±¸®µé, ¶Ç´Â ºÒ¹®À²À» ¸ð¸£¸ç,
±×°ÍµéÀº À̹Ì
´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ºÎ°úÇÏ¿© ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °Íµé
º¸´Ùµµ ¸¹Àº Áú¼¸¦ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »çȸ¿¡ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
You
claim there are problems among us that you need to solve. You
use this claim as an excuse to invade our precincts. Many of
these problems don't exist. Where there are real conflicts,
where there are wrongs, we will identify them and address them
by our means. We are forming our own Social Contract . This
governance will arise according to the conditions of our world,
not yours. Our world is different. |
³ÊÈñ´Â
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ³ÊÈñ°¡ Ç®¾î¾ß¸¸
ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
³ÊÈñ´Â ÀÌ ÁÖÀåÀ» ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¿µ¿ªÀ» ħ·«ÇÏ·Á´Â ±¸½Ç·Î »ï´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦´Â
°ÅÀÇ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ °¥µîµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀ̸ç
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµé¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ±×°ÍµéÀ» Ç®¾î³ª°¥
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »çȸ °è¾àÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î
³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÅëÄ¡¹ýÀº ³ÊÈñÀÇ Á¶Ç×µéÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¶Ç׵鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀϾ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀº ´Ù¸£´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
Cyberspace
consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself,
arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications.
Ours is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is
not where bodies live. |
»çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º´Â
¿ì¸® Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼ÇÀÇ À¥¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â ¹°°áó·³
¹è¿µÇ´Â °Å·¡µé,
°ü°èµé,
±×¸®°í »ç»ó ±×ÀÚü·Î
ÀÌ·ç¾î Áø´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾îµð¿¡³ª
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾Æ¹«µ¥µµ ¾ø´Ù,
±×·¯³ª À°½ÅµéÀÌ ¸Ó¹«´Â
°÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
We
are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or
prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or
station of birth. |
¿ì¸®´Â
ÀÎÁ¾, °æÁ¦·Â,
±º»ç·Â,
¶Ç´Â Ãâ½Å¼ººÐ¿¡ µû¸¥
Ư±Ç ¶Ç´Â Æí°ß ¾øÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡ µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù |
|
. |
|
|
We
are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or
her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being
coerced into silence or conformity. |
¿ì¸®´Â
´©±¸³ª ¾îµð¿¡¼µµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Å³äµéÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ¹«¸® È¥ÀÚ¶óµµ,
ħ¹¬°ú µ¿Á¶¸¦
°¿ä´çÇÒ µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
Your
legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement, and
context do not apply to us. They are all based on matter, and
there is no matter here. |
¼ÒÀ¯,
Ç¥Çö, ½ÅºÐ,
¿îµ¿,
±×¸®°í ±¸½Ç µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ÊÈñÀÇ
¹ýÀû °³³äÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
±×°ÍµéÀº ¹°ÁúÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª
À̰÷¿¡´Â ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
Our
identities have no bodies, so, unlike you, we cannot obtain
order by physical coercion. We believe that from ethics,
enlightened self-interest, and the commonweal, our governance
will emerge . Our identities may be distributed across many of
your jurisdictions. The only law that all our constituent
cultures would generally recognize is the Golden Rule. We hope
we will be able to build our particular solutions on that basis.
But we cannot accept the solutions you are attempting to impose.
¡¡¡¡ |
¿ì¸®
Á¸ÀçµéÀº ¾Æ¹«·± À°½ÅµéÀÌ ¾ø´Ù,
±×¸®ÇÏ¿©,
³ÊÈñ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®,
¿ì¸®´Â ½ÅüÀû °¾Ð¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ
¸í·ÉÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â À±¸®¿Í,
±ú´ÞÀº
ÀÚ¾Æ, ±×¸®°í ´ëÁߺ¹¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ÅëÄ¡°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯
°ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¸ÀçµéÀº ³ÊÈñµéÀÇ
¸¹Àº °üÇÒ±Ç À§¿¡ ³ª´©¾î Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¸ðµç ¹®ÈµéÀÌ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ
¹ýÀº Ȳ±Ý·üÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ±â¹Ý À§¿¡
¿ì¸®ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÇØ¹ýµéÀ» ±¸ÃàÇØ ³ª°¥ ¼ö Àֱ⸦
Èñ¸ÁÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ³ÊÈñ°¡ ºÎ°úÇϰíÀÚ
ÇÏ´Â ÇØ¹ýµéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
In
the United States, you have today created a law, the
Telecommunications Reform Act, which repudiates your own
Constitution and insults the dreams of Jefferson, Washington,
Mill, Madison, DeToqueville, and Brandeis. These dreams must now
be born anew in us. ¡¡¡¡ |
³ÊÈñ´Â
¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ¿À´Ã Åë½Å°³Çõ¹ý¾ÈÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çå¹ýÀ» ºÎÁ¤Çϰí
Á¦ÆÛ½¼, ¿ö½ÌÅÏ,
¹Ð,
¸Þµð½¼,
ÅäÅ©ºô,
±×¸®°í
ºê·£´ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ ²ÞµéÀ» ¸ð¿åÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ
²ÞµéÀº ¿ì¸®µé ¾È¿¡¼ ¹Ýµå½Ã ´Ù½Ã ž¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
You
are terrified of your own children, since they are natives in a
world where you will always be immigrants. Because you fear
them, you entrust your bureaucracies with the parental
responsibilities you are too cowardly to confront yourselves. In
our world, all the sentiments and expressions of humanity, from
the debasing to the angelic, are parts of a seamless whole, the
global conversation of bits. We cannot separate the air that
chokes from the air upon which wings beat. ¡¡¡¡ |
³ÊÈñ´Â
³ÊÈñ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÎ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼
¾ðÁ¦³ª
À̹ÎÀÚµéÀÏ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇϰí
ÀÖ´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ±×µéÀ» ¹«¼¿öÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡,
½º½º·Î
Á÷¸éÇϱ⿡´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ºñ°ÌÇÑ ºÎ¸ð·Î¼ÀÇ
Ã¥ÀÓµéÀ» °ü·áÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ³»¸Ã±â°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¼¼»ó¿¡¼, ÀηùÀÇ ¸ðµç °¨Á¤µé°ú Ç¥ÇöµéÀº,
¹ÌõÇÑ °Í¿¡¼ õ»ó¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö,
ÀÌÀ½¸Å ¾ø´Â
Àüü, ºñÆ®¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ÀüÁö±¸Àû ´ëÈÀÇ ºÎºÐµéÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ³¯°³µéÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ø±â·ÎºÎÅÍ
Áú½Ä½ÃŰ´Â °ø±â¸¦ ¶¼¾î ³õÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
In
China, Germany, France, Russia, Singapore, Italy and the United
States, you are trying to ward off the virus of liberty by
erecting guard posts at the frontiers of Cyberspace. These may
keep out the contagion for a small time, but they will not work
in a world that will soon be blanketed in bit-bearing media.
|
Áß±¹,
µ¶ÀÏ, ÇÁ¶û½º,
·¯½Ã¾Æ,
½ÌÄ«Æ÷¸£,
ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ,
±×¸®°í ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼,
³ÊÈñµéÀº »çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ
±¹°æ¿¡ ÆÄ¼ö´ëµéÀ» ¼¼¿òÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ
¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¸¦ Â÷´ÜÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
Àá½Ãµ¿¾È Àü¿°À» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª
ºñÆ®¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¸Åü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ °ð µÚµ¤ÀÏ
¼¼»ó¿¡¼´Â ±×°ÍµéÀÌ È¿·ÂÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¡¡¡ |
|
. |
|
|
Your
increasingly obsolete information industries would perpetuate
themselves by proposing laws, in America and elsewhere, that
claim to own speech itself throughout the world. These laws
would declare ideas to be another industrial product, no more
noble than pig iron. In our world, whatever the human mind may
create can be reproduced and distributed infinitely at no cost.
The global conveyance of thought no longer requires your
factories to accomplish. |
³ÊÈñÀÇ
Á¡Á¡ ÁøºÎÇØÁ® °¡´Â Á¤º¸ »ê¾÷µéÀÌ ¹Ì±¹À̳ª
´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼ ¹ý·üÀ» »óÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ÀڽŵéÀ»
¿µ¼ÓÈÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼¼»ó °÷°÷¿¡ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦
ÁÖÀåÇÏ·Á Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹ýµéÀº »ç»óµéÀ»
°íöº¸´Ù ¿ì¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ »ê¾÷ÀÇ
»ý»ê¹°·Î ¼±¾ðÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼´Â,
ÀηùÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÌ Ã¢Á¶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö
¾Æ¹«·± ºñ¿ë¾øÀÌ Àç»ý»ê µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹«ÇÑÇϰÔ
¹èÆ÷µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀüÁö±¸ÀûÀÎ »ç»ó Àü´ÞÀÇ ¼ºÃë´Â
ÀÌÁ¦ ´õÀÌ»ó ³ÊÈñ °øÀåµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
|
|
. |
|
|
These
increasingly hostile and colonial measures place us in the same
position as those previous lovers of freedom and
self-determination who had to reject the authorities of distant,
uninformed powers. We must declare our virtual selves immune to
your sovereignty, even as we continue to consent to your rule
over our bodies. We will spread ourselves across the Planet so
that no one can arrest our thoughts. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
Áõ°¡ÀϷο¡ ÀÖ´Â Àû´ëÀûÀÌ°í ½Ä¹ÎÁöÀûÀÎ
Á¶Ã³µéÀº °ú°Å¿¡ ¸Õ °÷ÀÇ È¹ÀÏÈµÈ ¼¼·ÂµéÀÇ
±Ç·ÂµéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚÀ¯¿Í ÀÚ°áÀ» »ç¶ûÇß´ø
»ç¶÷µé°ú ¶È°°Àº ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸ô¾Æ ³Ö°í
ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ºñ·Ï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À°½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ
Áö¹è¸¦ °è¼ÓÇØ¼ ½ÂÀÎÇÒ Áö¶óµµ,
´ç½ÅµéÀÇ
ÅëÄ¡±Ç¿¡ ÇØ¹æµÈ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡»óÀÇ ÀھƵéÀ»
¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® ÀڽŵéÀ» Áö±¸ Àüü¿¡
ÆÛ¶ß¸± °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹«µµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
»ç»óµéÀ» Á¦ÁöÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
|
|
. |
|
|
We
will create a civilization of the Mind in Cyberspace. May it be
more humane and fair than the world your governments have made
before.
|
¿ì¸®´Â
»çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» âÁ¶ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ÊÈñ Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¸¸µç
°Íº¸´Ùµµ ´õ¿í Àΰ£ÀûÀÌ¸ç °øÆòÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦
±â¿øÇÑ´Ù. |
|
. |
|
|
Davos,
Switzerland
. |
½ºÀ§½º,
´Ùº¸½º |
|
February
8, 1996 |
1996³â
2¿ù 8ÀÏ |
|
|
|
translated by mizian <
mizian@mizian.com
> |
|
|
|
Á¸ Æä¸® ¹ß·Î¿ì ¶óÀ̺귯¸® (John Perry Barlow
Library)
´Ù¸¥ ¸µÅ©µé (Other Links)
|
|
|
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |