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A Declaration of 
The Independence of Cyberspace

»çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º µ¶¸³¼±¾ð¹®

by John Perry Barlow < barlow@eff.org >

¡¡ ¡¡

Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.

»ê¾÷ ¼¼°èÀÇ Á¤±Çµé, ³ÊÈñµé Áö°Ü¿î À°½Å°ú °íöÀ» ÀÔÀº °ÅÀÎµé¾Æ. ³ª´Â »õ·Î¿î ¸¶À½ÀÇ °íÇâ, »çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡¼­ ¿Ô³ë¶ó. ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿©, ³ÊÈñ °ú°ÅÀÇ À¯¹°µé¿¡°Ô ¸í·ÉÇϳë´Ï ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °£¼·ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ȯ¿µ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¹«·± ÁÖ±ÇÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.

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We have no elected government, nor are we likely to have one, so I address you with no greater authority than that with which liberty itself always speaks. I declare the global social space we are building to be naturally independent of the tyrannies you seek to impose on us. You have no moral right to rule us nor do you possess any methods of enforcement we have true reason to fear.

¿ì¸®´Â ¼±°Å·Î »ÌÀº Á¤ºÎ¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, °®Áöµµ ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ÀÚÀ¯ ±× ÀÚü°¡ °¡Áø ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ´ëº¯ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù Å©ÁöÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº À§¾öÀ¸·Î ³Ê¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ °Ç¼³ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀüÁö±¸Àû »çȸ °ø°£Àº ³×°¡ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ´©¸£°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â µ¶Àçµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ç¿¬È÷ µ¶¸³µÇ¾úÀ½À» ¼±¾ðÇϳë¶ó. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ ÅëÄ¡ÇÒ µµ´öÀû ±Ç¸®°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ °æ¿ÜÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¾î¶² °­Á¦ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýµµ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

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Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. You have neither solicited nor received ours. We did not invite you. You do not know us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders. Do not think that you can build it, as though it were a public construction project. You cannot. It is an act of nature and it grows itself through our collective actions.

Á¤ºÎ´Â ÇÇÁö¹èÀڵ鿡°Ô¼­ ±×µéÀÇ Á¤´çÇÑ ±Ç·ÂµéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¿Â´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °£Ã»ÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸®¸¦ ȯ¿µÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ÃÊ´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸ð¸¥´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. »çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º´Â ³ÊÈñ ±¹°æ¼± ¾È¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ³ÊÈñµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» °ø°øÀÇ °Ç¼³ °èȹÀÎ °Íó·³ °Ç¼³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ³ÊÈñ´Â ±×·² ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡Ç×·ÂÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °øµ¿ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î ¼ºÀåÇÑ´Ù.

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You have not engaged in our great and gathering conversation, nor did you create the wealth of our marketplaces. You do not know our culture, our ethics, or the unwritten codes that already provide our society more order than could be obtained by any of your impositions.

³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À§´ëÇϸç ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ´ëÈ­¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ³ÊÈñµéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸® ½ÃÀåµéÀÇ ºÎ¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®È­, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À±¸®µé, ¶Ç´Â ºÒ¹®À²À» ¸ð¸£¸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ºÎ°úÇÏ¿© ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °Íµé º¸´Ùµµ ¸¹Àº Áú¼­¸¦ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »çȸ¿¡ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿´´Ù.

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You claim there are problems among us that you need to solve. You use this claim as an excuse to invade our precincts. Many of these problems don't exist. Where there are real conflicts, where there are wrongs, we will identify them and address them by our means. We are forming our own Social Contract . This governance will arise according to the conditions of our world, not yours. Our world is different.

³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ³ÊÈñ°¡ Ç®¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ÀÌ ÁÖÀåÀ» ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» ħ·«ÇÏ·Á´Â ±¸½Ç·Î »ï´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦´Â °ÅÀÇ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ °¥µîµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµé¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ±×°ÍµéÀ» Ç®¾î³ª°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »çȸ °è¾àÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î ³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÅëÄ¡¹ýÀº ³ÊÈñÀÇ Á¶Ç×µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¶Ç׵鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀº ´Ù¸£´Ù.

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Cyberspace consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself, arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications. Ours is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live.

»çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º´Â ¿ì¸® Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼ÇÀÇ À¥¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â ¹°°áó·³ ¹è¿­µÇ´Â °Å·¡µé, °ü°èµé, ±×¸®°í »ç»ó ±×ÀÚü·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Áø´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾Æ¹«µ¥µµ ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯³ª À°½ÅµéÀÌ ¸Ó¹«´Â °÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

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We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth.

¿ì¸®´Â ÀÎÁ¾, °æÁ¦·Â, ±º»ç·Â, ¶Ç´Â Ãâ½Å¼ººÐ¿¡ µû¸¥ Ư±Ç ¶Ç´Â Æí°ß ¾øÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡ µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù

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We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity.

¿ì¸®´Â ´©±¸³ª ¾îµð¿¡¼­µµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Å³äµéÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ¹«¸® È¥ÀÚ¶óµµ, ħ¹¬°ú µ¿Á¶¸¦ °­¿ä´çÇÒ µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

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Your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement, and context do not apply to us. They are all based on matter, and there is no matter here.

 ¼ÒÀ¯, Ç¥Çö, ½ÅºÐ, ¿îµ¿, ±×¸®°í ±¸½Ç µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¹ýÀû °³³äÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹°ÁúÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª À̰÷¿¡´Â ¹°ÁúÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.

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Our identities have no bodies, so, unlike you, we cannot obtain order by physical coercion. We believe that from ethics, enlightened self-interest, and the commonweal, our governance will emerge . Our identities may be distributed across many of your jurisdictions. The only law that all our constituent cultures would generally recognize is the Golden Rule. We hope we will be able to build our particular solutions on that basis. But we cannot accept the solutions you are attempting to impose. ¡¡¡¡

¿ì¸® Á¸ÀçµéÀº ¾Æ¹«·± À°½ÅµéÀÌ ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, ³ÊÈñ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, ¿ì¸®´Â ½ÅüÀû °­¾Ð¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â À±¸®¿Í, ±ú´ÞÀº ÀÚ¾Æ, ±×¸®°í ´ëÁߺ¹¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ÅëÄ¡°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¸ÀçµéÀº ³ÊÈñµéÀÇ ¸¹Àº °üÇÒ±Ç À§¿¡ ³ª´©¾î Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹®È­µéÀÌ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹ýÀº Ȳ±Ý·üÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ±â¹Ý À§¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÇØ¹ýµéÀ» ±¸ÃàÇØ ³ª°¥ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ Èñ¸ÁÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ³ÊÈñ°¡ ºÎ°úÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÇØ¹ýµéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

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In the United States, you have today created a law, the Telecommunications Reform Act, which repudiates your own Constitution and insults the dreams of Jefferson, Washington, Mill, Madison, DeToqueville, and Brandeis. These dreams must now be born anew in us. ¡¡¡¡

³ÊÈñ´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¿À´Ã Åë½Å°³Çõ¹ý¾ÈÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çå¹ýÀ» ºÎÁ¤Çϰí Á¦ÆÛ½¼, ¿ö½ÌÅÏ, ¹Ð, ¸Þµð½¼, ÅäÅ©ºô, ±×¸®°í ºê·£´ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ ²ÞµéÀ» ¸ð¿åÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ ²ÞµéÀº ¿ì¸®µé ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹Ýµå½Ã ´Ù½Ã ž¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

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You are terrified of your own children, since they are natives in a world where you will always be immigrants. Because you fear them, you entrust your bureaucracies with the parental responsibilities you are too cowardly to confront yourselves. In our world, all the sentiments and expressions of humanity, from the debasing to the angelic, are parts of a seamless whole, the global conversation of bits. We cannot separate the air that chokes from the air upon which wings beat. ¡¡¡¡

³ÊÈñ´Â ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÎ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­  ¾ðÁ¦³ª À̹ÎÀÚµéÀÏ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ±×µéÀ» ¹«¼­¿öÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ½º½º·Î Á÷¸éÇϱ⿡´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ºñ°ÌÇÑ ºÎ¸ð·Î¼­ÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓµéÀ» °ü·áÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ³»¸Ã±â°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­, ÀηùÀÇ ¸ðµç °¨Á¤µé°ú Ç¥ÇöµéÀº, ¹ÌõÇÑ °Í¿¡¼­ õ»ó¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, ÀÌÀ½¸Å ¾ø´Â Àüü, ºñÆ®¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ÀüÁö±¸Àû ´ëÈ­ÀÇ ºÎºÐµéÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ³¯°³µéÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ø±â·ÎºÎÅÍ Áú½Ä½ÃŰ´Â °ø±â¸¦ ¶¼¾î ³õÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

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In China, Germany, France, Russia, Singapore, Italy and the United States, you are trying to ward off the virus of liberty by erecting guard posts at the frontiers of Cyberspace. These may keep out the contagion for a small time, but they will not work in a world that will soon be blanketed in bit-bearing media.

Áß±¹, µ¶ÀÏ, ÇÁ¶û½º, ·¯½Ã¾Æ, ½ÌÄ«Æ÷¸£, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ, ±×¸®°í ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­, ³ÊÈñµéÀº »çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ±¹°æ¿¡ ÆÄ¼ö´ëµéÀ» ¼¼¿òÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¸¦ Â÷´ÜÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Àá½Ãµ¿¾È Àü¿°À» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ºñÆ®¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¸Åü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °ð µÚµ¤ÀÏ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­´Â ±×°ÍµéÀÌ È¿·ÂÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¡¡¡

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Your increasingly obsolete information industries would perpetuate themselves by proposing laws, in America and elsewhere, that claim to own speech itself throughout the world. These laws would declare ideas to be another industrial product, no more noble than pig iron. In our world, whatever the human mind may create can be reproduced and distributed infinitely at no cost. The global conveyance of thought no longer requires your factories to accomplish.

³ÊÈñÀÇ Á¡Á¡ ÁøºÎÇØÁ® °¡´Â Á¤º¸ »ê¾÷µéÀÌ ¹Ì±¹À̳ª ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­ ¹ý·üÀ» »óÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ÀڽŵéÀ» ¿µ¼ÓÈ­ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼¼»ó °÷°÷¿¡ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ·Á Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ýµéÀº »ç»óµéÀ» °íöº¸´Ù ¿ì¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ »ê¾÷ÀÇ »ý»ê¹°·Î ¼±¾ðÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­´Â, ÀηùÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÌ Ã¢Á¶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö ¾Æ¹«·± ºñ¿ë¾øÀÌ Àç»ý»ê µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹«ÇÑÇÏ°Ô ¹èÆ÷µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀüÁö±¸ÀûÀÎ »ç»ó Àü´ÞÀÇ ¼ºÃë´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ´õÀÌ»ó ³ÊÈñ °øÀåµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

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These increasingly hostile and colonial measures place us in the same position as those previous lovers of freedom and self-determination who had to reject the authorities of distant, uninformed powers. We must declare our virtual selves immune to your sovereignty, even as we continue to consent to your rule over our bodies. We will spread ourselves across the Planet so that no one can arrest our thoughts.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áõ°¡ÀϷο¡ ÀÖ´Â Àû´ëÀûÀÌ°í ½Ä¹ÎÁöÀûÀÎ Á¶Ã³µéÀº °ú°Å¿¡ ¸Õ °÷ÀÇ È¹ÀÏÈ­µÈ ¼¼·ÂµéÀÇ ±Ç·ÂµéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚÀ¯¿Í ÀÚ°áÀ» »ç¶ûÇß´ø »ç¶÷µé°ú ¶È°°Àº ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸ô¾Æ ³Ö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ºñ·Ï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À°½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ½ÂÀÎÇÒ Áö¶óµµ, ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ÅëÄ¡±Ç¿¡ ÇØ¹æµÈ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡»óÀÇ ÀھƵéÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® ÀڽŵéÀ» Áö±¸ Àüü¿¡ ÆÛ¶ß¸± °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹«µµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ç»óµéÀ» Á¦ÁöÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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We will create a civilization of the Mind in Cyberspace. May it be more humane and fair than the world your governments have made before.

¿ì¸®´Â »çÀ̹ö½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» âÁ¶ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ÊÈñ Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¸¸µç °Íº¸´Ùµµ ´õ¿í Àΰ£ÀûÀÌ¸ç °øÆòÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ±â¿øÇÑ´Ù.

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Davos, Switzerland
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 ½ºÀ§½º, ´Ùº¸½º

February 8, 1996

1996³â 2¿ù 8ÀÏ

translated by mizian < mizian@mizian.com >

Á¸ Æä¸® ¹ß·Î¿ì ¶óÀ̺귯¸® (John Perry Barlow Library)
´Ù¸¥ ¸µÅ©µé  (Other Links)

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