|
Civil Rights Movement,
in the United States, mass movement
starting in the late 1950s that, through the application of nonviolent protest
action, broke the pattern of racially segregated
public facilities in the South and achieved the
most important breakthrough in equal-rights legislation for blacks since the
Reconstruction period (1865-77).
Denied constitutional guarantees (1787)
because of their mainly slave status at the founding of the republic, black
Americans were first promised fundamental citizenship rights in the 13th-15th
constitutional amendments (1865-70; see Reconstruction
). The Civil Rights Act of 1875 required equal accommodations for blacks
with whites in public facilities (other than schools), but this legislation was
effectively voided by the Supreme Court in 1883. By 1900, 18 states of the North
and West had legislated public policies against racial discrimination, but in
the South new laws eroded the franchise (see
grandfather clause ) and reinforced segregation
practices (see Jim
Crow Law ), while the U.S. Supreme Court upheld "separate but
equal" facilities for the races in Plessy
v. Ferguson (1896), thus legitimizing the segregation of blacks from
whites.
During World War II, progress was made
in outlawing discrimination in defense industries (1941) and after the war in
desegregating the armed forces (1948). During the late 1940s and early 1950s,
lawyers for the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) pressed a series of important cases
before the Supreme Court in which they argued that segregation meant inherently
unequal (and inadequate) educational and other public facilities for blacks.
These cases culminated in the Court's landmark decision in Brown
v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kan. (May
17, 1954), in which it declared that separate educational facilities were
inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional. This historic decision was to
stimulate a mass movement on the part of blacks and white sympathizers to try to
end the segregationist practices and racial inequalities that were firmly
entrenched across the nation and particularly in the South. The movement was
strongly resisted by many whites in the South and elsewhere. (see also National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka)
After a black woman, Rosa
Parks , was arrested for refusing to move to the Negro section of a bus
in Montgomery, Ala. (Dec. 1, 1955), blacks staged a one-day local boycott of the
bus system to protest her arrest. Fusing these protest elements with the
historic force of the Negro churches, a local Baptist minister, Martin
Luther King, Jr. , succeeded in transforming a spontaneous racial protest
into a massive resistance movement, led from 1957 by his Southern
Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) . After a protracted boycott of
the Montgomery bus company forced it to desegregate its facilities, picketing
and boycotting spread rapidly to other communities. During the period from 1955
to 1960, some progress was made toward integrating schools and other public
facilities in the upper South and the border states, but the Deep South remained
adamant in its opposition to most desegregation measures. (see also Parks, Rosa, King,
Martin Luther, Jr., Southern Christian
Leadership Conference)
In 1960 the sit-in
movement (largely under the auspices of the newly formed Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; SNCC) was launched at Greensboro,
N.C., when black college students insisted on service at a local segregated
lunch counter. Patterning its techniques on the nonviolent methods of Indian
leader Mohandas Gandhi, the movement spread
across the nation, forcing the desegregation of department stores, supermarkets,
libraries, and movie theatres. In May 1961 the Congress
of Racial Equality (CORE) sent "Freedom Riders" of both races
through the South and elsewhere to test and break down segregated accommodations
in interstate transportation. By September it was estimated that more than
70,000 students had participated in the movement, with approximately 3,600
arrested; more than 100 cities in 20 states had been affected. The movement
reached its climax in August 1963 with a massive march
on Washington, D.C., to protest racial discrimination and demonstrate
support for major civil-rights legislation that was pending in Congress.
The federal government under presidents
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-61) and John F. Kennedy had been reluctant to
vigorously enforce the Brown decision
when this entailed directly confronting the resistance of Southern whites. In
1961-63 President Kennedy won a following in the
black community by encouraging the movement's leaders, but Kennedy's
administration lacked the political capacity to persuade Congress to pass new
legislation guaranteeing integration and equal rights. After President Kennedy's
assassination (November 1963), Congress, under the prodding of President Lyndon
B. Johnson, in 1964 passed the Civil Rights Act (q.v.). This was the most far-reaching civil
rights bill in the nation's history (indeed, in world history),
forbidding discrimination in public accommodations and threatening to withhold
federal funds from communities that persisted in maintaining segregated schools.
It was followed in 1965 by the passage of the Voting
Rights Act, the enforcement of which eradicated the tactics previously
used in the South to disenfranchise black voters. This act led to drastic
increases in the numbers of black registered voters in the South, with a
comparable increase in the numbers of blacks holding elective offices there.
Up until 1966 the Civil Rights Movement
had united widely disparate elements in the black community along with their
white supporters and sympathizers, but in that year signs of radicalism began to
appear in the movement as younger blacks became impatient with the rate of
change and dissatisfied with purely nonviolent methods of protest. This new
militancy split the ranks of the movement's leaders and also alienated some
white sympathizers, a process that was accelerated by a wave of rioting in the
black ghettos of several major cities in 1965-67. After the assassination of
King (April 1968) and further black rioting in the cities, the movement as a
cohesive effort disintegrated, with a broad spectrum of leadership advocating
different approaches and varying degrees of militancy.
In the years that followed, many civil
rights leaders sought to achieve greater direct political power through elective
office, and they sought to achieve more substantive economic and educational
gains through affirmative-action programs that compensated for past
discrimination in job hiring and college admissions. During the later 1970s and
the '80s the civil rights movement was less militant but still persevering.
|
¹Ì±¹¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿ (Ú¸ÏÐÚÅÏíê¡ÔÑ). Civil Rights Movement.
1950³â´ë¸» ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ´ëÁ߿.
ºñÆø·Â ÀúÇ× È°µ¿À» ÅëÇØ ¹éÀÎ Àü¿ë°ú À¯»öÀÎÁ¾ Àü¿ëÀ¸·Î
°ø°ø½Ã¼³À» ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â ³²ºÎÀÇ °üÇàÀ» ±ú¶ß·È°í,
³²ºÎÀç°Ç½Ã´ë(1865~77) ÀÌÈÄ ÈæÀο¡°Ô Æòµî±ÇÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ¹ý·ü
Á¦Á¤¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °è±â¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇß´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ ÈæÀεéÀº °øÈ±¹ÀÌ ¼ö¸³µÉ ´ç½Ã ´ëºÎºÐ ³ë¿¹
½ÅºÐÀ̾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Çå¹ý»óÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ º¸Àå¹ÞÁö ¸øÇßÁö¸¸(1787),
1865~70³â Çå¹ý Á¦13Á¶¿Í Á¦14Á¶ ¹× Á¦15Á¶ ¼öÁ¤Á¶Ç׿¡¼
óÀ½À¸·Î ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ½Ã¹Î±ÇÀ» ¾à¼Ó¹Þ¾Ò´Ù(¡æ Àç°Ç½Ã´ë).
1875³âÀÇ ½Ã¹Î±Ç Á¶·Ê´Â °ø°ø½Ã¼³À» ¹éÀθ¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
ÈæÀο¡°Ôµµ µ¿µîÇÏ°Ô Á¦°øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ±ÔÁ¤ÇßÀ¸³ª, 1883³â
¿¬¹æ ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ÀÌ ¹ý·üÀ» »ç½Ç»ó ¹«È¿·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. 1900³â¿¡
À̸£ÀÚ ºÏºÎ¿Í ¼ºÎ¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ¹Ì 18°³ ÁÖ°¡ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°¿¡
¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â °ø°øÁ¤Ã¥À» ¹ý·ü·Î Á¦Á¤ÇßÁö¸¸, ³²ºÎ¿¡¼´Â
½Ã¹Î±ÇÀ» Ä§ÇØÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹ý·ü(ðÓÝ« Á¶Ç×, Áï 1867³â ÀÌÀü¿¡
¼±°Å±ÇÀ» °¡Á³´ø ºÎÄ£À̳ª Á¶ºÎÀÇ ÀÚ¼Õ À̿ܿ¡ ±³À°¹ÞÁö
¾ÊÀº ÈæÀο¡°Ô´Â ¼±°Å±ÇÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Á¶Ç×)À» Á¦Á¤ÇÏ´Â
ÇÑÆí, ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° °üÇàÀ» ´õ¿í °ÈÇß´Ù(¡æ Áü
Å©·Î ¹ý). ±×¸®°í ¹Ì±¹ ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ' Ç÷¹½Ã
´ë ÆÛ°Å½¼ »ç°Ç'(1896)¿¡¼ ÈæÀΰú ¹éÀο¡°Ô "¶È°°Áö¸¸
µû·Î ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â" °ø°ø½Ã¼³À» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
ÁöÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ÈæÀΰú ¹éÀÎÀ» °Ý¸®ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°Á¤Ã¥À»
ÇÕ¹ýÈÇß´Ù.
Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ¶§ ¹æÀ§ »ê¾÷üÀÇ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°À» ±ÝÁöÇϰí(1941)
ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³ µÚ¿¡´Â ±º´ëÀÇ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°À» ÆóÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î½á(1948)
¾à°£ÀÇ ÁøÀüÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù. 1940³â´ë¸»°ú 1950³â´ëÃÊ
Àü±¹ÈæÀÎÁöÀ§Çâ»óÇùȸ(NAACP)¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÏÇÏ´Â º¯È£»çµéÀº
Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ »ç°ÇµéÀ» ´ë¹ý¿ø±îÁö °¡Á®°¡,
ÀÎÁ¾°Ý¸®Á¤Ã¥Àº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÈæÀο¡°Ô ºÒÆòµîÇÑ ±×¸®°í
ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ ±³À° ¹× °ø°ø½Ã¼³À» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.
¸¶Ä§³» ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ' ºê¶ó¿î°ú
ĵÀÚ½º ÁÖ ÅäÇÇÄ« ±³À°À§¿øÈ¸ »ç°Ç'¿¡¼ ȹ±âÀûÀÎ °áÁ¤À»
³»·È´Ù(1954. 5. 17). ÀÌ ÆÇ°á¹®¿¡¼ ´ë¹ý¿øÀº ÈæÀΰú ¹éÀο¡°Ô
º°°³ÀÇ ±³À°½Ã¼³À» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÆòµîÇϸç
µû¶ó¼ À§ÇåÀ̶ó°í ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ °áÁ¤Àº ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª(ƯÈ÷
³²ºÎ)¿¡ ±íÀÌ »Ñ¸®¹ÚÇô ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° °üÇà°ú ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ
ºÒÆòµîÀ» Á¾½Ä½ÃŰ·Á´Â ÈæÀΰú ¹éÀÎ µ¿Á¶ÀÚµéÀÇ ´ëÁ߿À»
ÀÚ±ØÇß´Ù. ³²ºÎ¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ ¿©·¯ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹éÀεéÀº
¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿¿¡ °·ÂÈ÷ ÀúÇ×Çß´Ù.
¾Ù¶ó¹è¸¶ ÁÖ ¸ù°í¸Þ¸®¿¡ »ç´Â ·ÎÀÚ ÆÄÅ©½º¶ó´Â ÈæÀÎ
¿©¼ºÀÌ ¹ö½º ¾È¿¡¼ ÈæÀÎ Àü¿ëÄÀ¸·Î ¿Å±â±â¸¦ °ÅºÎÇß´Ù´Â
ÀÌÀ¯·Î üÆ÷µÇÀÚ(1955. 12. 1), ÈæÀεéÀº À̰Ϳ¡ Ç×ÀÇÇØ ÇÏ·ç
µ¿¾È ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹ö½º ÀÌ¿ëÀ» °ÅºÎÇß´Ù. ħ·Ê±³È¸ ¸ñ»çÀÎ
¸¶Æ¾ ·çÅÍ Å·Àº
ÀÌ Ç×ÀÇ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú ÈæÀÎ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼¼·ÂÀ» ÇÕÇØ,
ÀÚ¿¬¹ß»ýÀûÀÎ Ç×ÀǸ¦ °·ÂÇÑ ÀúÇ׿À¸·Î Å»¹Ù²ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥
¼º°øÇß´Ù. 1957³âºÎÅÍ´Â ±×ÀÇ ÁÖµµ·Î °á¼ºµÈ ³²ºÎ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³
ÁöµµÀÚȸÀÇ(SCLC)°¡ ÀÌ ÀúÇ׿À» À̲ø±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
¸ù°í¸Þ¸®¹ö½ºÈ¸»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÅºÎ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ¿À·¡ °è¼ÓµÇÀÚ ¹ö½º
ȸ»çµéÀº ¹ö½ºÀÇ ¹éÀÎ Àü¿ëİú ÈæÀÎ Àü¿ëÄÀ» ÆóÁöÇÒ
¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú°í, ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ Ç×ÀǽÃÀ§¿Í °ÅºÎ¿îµ¿Àº ´Ù¸¥
°øµ¿Ã¼·Î ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÆÛÁ®°¬´Ù. 1955~60³â ³²ºÎÀÇ ºÏÂÊ Áö¿ª ¹×
°æ°èÁÖ¿¡¼´Â Çб³¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ °ø°ø½Ã¼³¿¡¼ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°À»
¾ø¾Ö´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¾à°£ÀÇ ÁøÀüÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³Áö¸¸, ³²ºÎÀÇ ³²ÂÊ
Áö¿ª¿¡¼´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° ÆóÁöÁ¶Ä¡¿¡ ´ÜÈ£È÷ ¹Ý´ëÇß´Ù.
1960³â ³ë½ºÄ³·Ñ¶óÀ̳ª ÁÖ ±×¸°Áî¹ö·¯¿¡¼ »õ·Î °á¼ºµÈ ÇлýºñÆø·ÂÇù·ÂÀ§¿øÈ¸(SNCC)°¡
ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¿¬Á³󼺿ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀÌ ¿îµ¿¿¡
Âü¿©ÇÑ ÈæÀÎ ´ëÇлýµéÀº ±× Áö¿ªÀÇ ¹éÀÎ Àü¿ë ½Ä´ç¿¡ °¡¼
¼Õ´ÔµéÀÇ ½ÃÁßÀ» µé°Ú´Ù°í °íÁýÀ» ºÎ¸®¸ç ¿¬Á³ó¼ºÀ»
¹ú¿´´Ù. ÀεµÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ ¸ðÇÑ´Ù½º °£µðÀÇ ºñÆø·Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» º»¶á
ÀÌ ¿îµ¿Àº ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ªÀ¸·Î È®»êµÇ¾î, ¹éÈÁ¡°ú ½´ÆÛ¸¶ÄÏ ¹×
µµ¼°ü°ú ±ØÀåµéÀº °á±¹ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°À» ÆóÁöÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
1961³â 5¿ù ÀÎÁ¾ÆòµîȸÀÇ(CORE)´Â ÈæÀΰú ¹éÀÎÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø 'ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ
±â»çµé'À» ³²ºÎ ¹× ±×¹ÛÀÇ ¸ðµç Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ÆÄ°ßÇØ Àå°Å¸®
±³Åë¼ö´ÜÀÇ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° ½ÇŸ¦ Á¡°ËÇÏ°í ±× °üÇàÀ» ±ú¶ß¸®°Ô
Çß´Ù. 9¿ù±îÁö´Â 7¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ÇлýµéÀÌ ÀÌ ¿îµ¿¿¡ Âü¿©Çß°í,
±×Áß¿¡¼ ¾à 3,600¸íÀÌ Ã¼Æ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù. 20°³ ÁÖÀÇ 100°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â
µµ½ÃµéÀÌ ÀÌ ¿îµ¿¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ¿îµ¿Àº 1963³â 8¿ù
¿ö½ÌÅÏ D.C.¿¡¼ ¹ú¾îÁø ´ë±Ô¸ð ÇàÁøÀ¸·Î ÀýÁ¤¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù.
½ÃÀ§´ë´Â ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°¿¡ Ç×ÀÇÇϰí ÀÇȸ¿¡ °è·ùµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â
Áß¿äÇÑ ¹Î±Ç ¹ý¾ÈÀ» ÁöÁöÇß´Ù.
D.D. ¾ÆÀÌÁ¨ÇÏ¿ö ´ëÅë·É(1953~61)°ú J.F. Äɳ׵ð
´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¿¬¹æ Á¤ºÎ´Â ³²ºÎ ¹éÀεéÀÇ ÀúÇ×À»
µÎ·Á¿öÇÑ ³ª¸ÓÁö ´ë¹ý¿øÀÇ 'ºê¶ó¿î ÆÇ°á'À» ³²ºÎ¿¡ °Á¦·Î
Àû¿ëÇϱ⸦ ¸Á¼³¿©¿Ô´Ù. 1961~63³â Äɳ׵ð ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿
ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» °Ý·ÁÇØ ÈæÀÎ µ¿Ã¼ÀÇ ÁöÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸, Äɳ׵ð
ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â ÀÇȸ¸¦ ¼³µæÇØ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° öÆó¿Í Æòµî±ÇÀ»
º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹ý·üÀ» Åë°ú½Ãų ¸¸ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Äɳ׵ð ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ¾Ï»ì´çÇÑ µÚ(1963. 11), ÀÇȸ´Â 1964³â
¸°µç B. Á¸½¼ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ °·ÂÇÑ ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ¹Î±Ç¹ýÀ»
Åë°ú½ÃÄ×´Ù. °ø°ø½Ã¼³ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°À» ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡
ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° Çб³¸¦ °è¼Ó À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â
¿¬¹æÁغñÀºÇàÀÇ ÀÚ±Ý Áö¿øÀ» º¸·ùÇϰڴٰí À§ÇùÇÑ ÀÌ
¹ý·üÀº ¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¹Î±Ç¹ýºÎ¿¡¼´Â µî·ÏµÈ
ÈæÀÎ À¯±ÇÀÚ¼ö°¡ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ´Ã¾î³µ°í, ±×¿¡ µû¶ó °øÁ÷¿¡ Ãâ¸¶ÇØ
´ç¼±µÇ´Â ÈæÀÎÀÇ ¼öµµ »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ã¾î³µ´Ù.
1966³â±îÁö ¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿Àº ¹éÀÎ ÁöÁöÀÚ ¹× µ¿Á¶ÀÚµé°ú ÈæÀÎ
°øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» Çϳª·Î
ÅëÇÕÇßÁö¸¸, 1966³â ÀÌÈÄ ÀþÀº ÈæÀεéÀÌ ³Ê¹« ´À¸° º¯È¿¡
ÂüÀ»¼ºÀ» ÀÒ°í ¿À·ÎÁö ºñÆø·Â¿¡¸¸ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â Ç×Àǹæ¹ý¿¡
ºÒ¸¸À» ǰ°Ô µÇÀÚ, ¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿¿¡ ±ÞÁøÁÖÀÇÀÇ Á¶ÁüÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â
½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ÅõÀZÀº ¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÁöµµÃþÀ»
ºÐ¿½ÃÄ×°í, ÀϺΠ¹éÀÎ µ¿Á¶Àڵ鵵 ¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿¿¡ µîÀ» µ¹·È´Ù.
1965~67³â ¸î¸î ´ëµµ½ÃÀÇ ÈæÀÎ °ÅÁÖÁö¿ª¿¡¼ Æøµ¿ÀÌ ÀϾÀÚ
¿îµ¿¿¡¼ ÀÌÅ»ÇÏ´Â ¹éÀεéÀÌ ´õ¿í ´Ã¾î³µ´Ù. Å· ¸ñ»ç°¡
¾Ï»ìµÇ°í(1968. 4) µµ½Ã¿¡¼ ÈæÀÎ Æøµ¿ÀÌ °è¼ÓµÈ µÚ, ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥
Á¢±Ù¹æ½Ä°ú ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÅõÀï¹æ¹ýÀ» ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â ÁöµµÃþÀÇ ºÐ¿·Î
±×¶§±îÁö ÀÀÁý·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´ø ¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿Àº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷
ºØ±«µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÈÄ ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ¸¹Àº ¹Î±Ç ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº °øÁ÷¿¡
Ãâ¸¶ÇØ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Á¤Ä¡±Ç·ÂÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ¾Ö½è°í,
°í¿ë°ú ´ëÇÐ ÀÔÇп¡¼ ÈæÀÎÀÌ ¹Þ¾Ò´ø Â÷º°´ë¿ì¸¦
º¸»óÇØÁÖ´Â Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» ÅëÇØ Á»´õ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦Àû
ÀÌÀͰú ±³À° ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. 1970³â´ë ¸»°ú 1980³â´ë¿¡
µé¾î¼¸é¼ ¹Î±Ç¿îµ¿ÀÇ È£Àü¼ºÀº ÁÙ¾îµé¾úÁö¸¸, ¿îµ¿Àº
¿©ÀüÈ÷ ²ö±âÀÖ°Ô °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
|