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Philips,
Wendell
(b. Nov. 29, 1811, Boston--d. Feb. 2,
1884, Boston), Abolitionist crusader whose oratorical eloquence helped fire the
antislavery cause during the period leading up to the U.S. Civil War.
After opening a law office in Boston,
Phillips, a wealthy Harvard Law School graduate, sacrificed social status and a
prospective political career in order to join the antislavery movement. He
became a close associate of the Abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison
and began lecturing for antislavery societies, writing pamphlets and
editorials for Garrison's Liberator, and contributing financially to the Abolition Movement.
His reputation as an orator was
established at Faneuil Hall, Boston (Dec. 8, 1837), at a meeting called to
protest the murder of Abolitionist Elijah Lovejoy at Alton, Ill., the previous
month. When Phillips spontaneously delivered a stirring and passionate
denunciation of the mob action against the martyred editor, he was recognized as
one of the most brilliant orators of his day.
As a reform crusader, Phillips allied
himself with Garrison in refusing to
link Abolition with political action; together they condemned the federal
Constitution for its compromises over slavery and advocated national disunion
rather than continued association with the slave states. During the Civil War
(1861-65) he assailed Pres. Abraham Lincoln's reluctance to uproot slavery at
once, and after the Emancipation Proclamation (January 1863) he threw his
support to full civil liberties for freedmen. In 1865 he became president of the
American Anti-slavery Society after Garrison
resigned.
After the Civil War, Phillips also
devoted himself to temperance, women's rights, universal suffrage, and the
Greenback Party (a minor political movement). He was an unsuccessful
Massachusetts gubernatorial candidate of the Labor Reform and Prohibition
parties in 1870. He continued to lecture on the lyceum circuits until the 1880s.
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1811. 11. 29 º¸½ºÅÏ~1884. 2. 2 º¸½ºÅÏ.
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