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Suttner,
Bertha, Freifrau von (baroness of), in full BERTHA FÉLICIE SOPHIE,
FREIFRAU VON SUTTNER, née GRÄFIN
(Countess) KINSKY VON WCHINITZ UND TETTAU, pseudonym BERTHA OULOT (b. June 9,
1843, Prague--d. June 21, 1914, Vienna), Austrian novelist and one of the first
notable woman pacifists, who is credited with influencing Alfred Nobel in the
establishment of the Nobel Prize for Peace, of which she was the recipient in
1905. Her major novel, Die Waffen nieder!
(1889; Lay Down Your Arms!, 1892), has
been compared in popularity and influence with Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle
Tom's Cabin.
The
daughter of an impoverished Austrian field marshal, she was a governess to the
wealthy Suttner family from 1873. She became engaged to Freiherr (Baron) Arthur
Gundaccar von Suttner (1850-1902), an engineer and novelist, seven years her
junior. The opposition of his family to this match caused her, in 1876, to
answer Nobel's advertisement for a secretary-housekeeper at his Paris residence.
After only a week she returned to Vienna and secretly married Suttner.
Though
she saw Nobel only twice after 1876, she corresponded with him until his death
in 1896. Their last meeting (August 1892, Zürich) followed a peace congress
in Bern in which she had taken part. It is believed that her increasing
identification with the peace movement (in 1891 she founded an Austrian pacifist
organization) and her letters on the subject to Nobel caused him to include a
peace prize among the awards for which he provided in his will.
From
1892 to 1899, Bertha von Suttner edited the international pacifist journal Die
Waffen nieder!, named for her most famous novel. Her pacifism had a
scientific and free-thinking basis, reflecting the thought of H.T. Buckle,
Herbert Spencer, and Charles Darwin. Among books about her is Florence
Nightingale und Baroness von Suttner (1919), by the noted Swedish radical
Ellen K.S. Key.
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ÁÖÆ®³Ê (Bertha, Freifrau von Suttner).
Á¤½Ä À̸§Àº Bertha Félicie
Sophie, Freifrau von Suttner. °áÈ¥ Àü ¼ºÀº Gräfin Kinsky von
Wchinitz und Tettau. ÇʸíÀº Bertha Oulot.
1843. 6. 9 ÇÁ¶óÇÏ~1914. 6. 21 ºó.
¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¼Ò¼³°¡.
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