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Sato Eisaku
(b. March 27, 1901, Tabuse, Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan--d. June 3, 1975,
Tokyo), prime minister of Japan between 1964 and 1972, who presided over Japan's
post-World War II reemergence as a major world power. For his policies on
nuclear weapons, which led to Japan's signing the Treaty on the
Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, he was awarded (with cowinner Sean
MacBride) the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1974.
After graduating with a degree in law
from Tokyo Imperial University (now University of Tokyo) in 1924, Sato
joined the Ministry of Railways, becoming the chief of its bureau of control in
1941 and vice minister for transportation in 1948. That same year he joined the
Liberal Party and was elected in 1949 to the lower house of the Diet
(parliament). Becoming minister of construction in 1952, he resigned his post
the following year to become chief secretary of the Liberal Party. When the
Liberal Party was merged with the Democratic Party, Sato became one of
the leading members of the new coalition called the Liberal-Democratic Party.
During the late 1950s he served as minister of finance in the cabinet of his
older brother and political mentor, Kishi Nobusuke.
Kishi was succeeded in 1960 by Ikeda Hayato, in whose cabinet Sato also
served.
After Ikeda resigned because of ill
health, the Diet in November 1964 chose Sato as his successor. As prime
minister Sato presided over the continued growth of the Japanese economy
and the improvement of Japanese relations with other Asian countries. Although
Sato increased Japanese trade with mainland China to some extent, China
distrusted his policies toward Taiwan and his support of the United States cause
in the Vietnam War. In 1969 Sato reached an agreement with U.S. President
Richard M. Nixon for future return of the Ryukyu
Islands to Japan, the removal of all nuclear weapons from the area, and
the continued maintenance of the U.S.-Japanese Mutual Security Treaty. Sato
came under heavy criticism for provisions in the agreement that allowed U.S.
military forces to remain on Okinawa Island after its return to Japan.
In the early 1970s problems with the
United States over Japan's huge surplus in Japanese-U.S. trade put increased
pressure on Sato. He attempted to seek new Japanese markets in Europe and
the Soviet Union, but his unpopularity continued, especially after President
Nixon visited China in February 1972, preempting similar Japanese efforts. Sato
resigned in June 1972, shortly after the Ryukyus were officially returned to
Japan. He was unable to ensure the election of his chosen successor, and his
passing from the scene seemed to mark the end of the old guard that had
dominated Japanese politics since 1945.
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1901. 3. 27 ÀϺ» ¾ß¸¶±¸Ä¡ Çö[ߣϢúã]
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