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Red Cross and Red Crescent

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Red Cross and Red Crescent, in full INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF THE RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT, formerly (until 1986) INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS, humanitarian agency with national affiliates in almost every country in the world, first established to care for victims of battle in time of war but later aiding in the prevention and relief of human suffering generally. Its peacetime activities include first aid, accident prevention, water safety, training of nurses' aids and mothers' assistants, and maintenance of maternal and child welfare centres and medical clinics, blood banks, and numerous other services. The Red Cross is the name used in countries under nominally Christian sponsorship; Red Crescent (adopted on the insistence of the Ottoman Empire in 1906) is the name used in Muslim countries.

The Red Cross arose out of the work of Jean-Henri Dunant, a Swiss humanitarian, who, at the Battle of Solferino, in June 1859, organized emergency aid services for Austrian and French wounded. In his book Un Souvenir de Solferino (1862; "A Memory of Solferino") he proposed the formation in all countries of voluntary relief societies, and in 1864 the first societies came into being.

The Geneva Convention of 1864, the first multilateral agreement on the Red Cross, committed signatory governments to care for the wounded of war, whether enemy or friend. Later, this convention was revised, and new conventions were adopted to protect victims of warfare at sea (1907), prisoners of war (1929), and civilians in time of war (1949).

The worldwide structure of the Red Cross and Red Crescent consists of the International Committee of the Red Cross (Comit?International de la Croix-Rouge); the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Ligue des Soci?? de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge); and the national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. The international committee is an independent council of 25 Swiss citizens with headquarters at Geneva. During wartime the committee acts as an intermediary among belligerents and also among national Red Cross societies. It also visits prisoners in war camps and provides relief supplies, mail, and information for their relatives. The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, which has a secretariat in Geneva, helps provide relief after natural disaster and aids in the development of national societies.

Àû½ÊÀÚ»ç (îåä¨í®Þä, Red Cross and Red Crescent).

Á¤½Ä ¸íĪÀº International Red Cross(~1986), International Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

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°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¹°¡¿¡ ÁöºÎ¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀçÇØ·ÎºÎÅÍ Àΰ£À» º¸È£ÇÏ°í ±¸Á¦Çϱâ À§ÇÑ È°µ¿À» ÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ÆòÈ­½ÃÀÇ È°µ¿À¸·Î´Â ÀÀ±Þóġ, »ç°í¿¹¹æ, ¼öÁú¾ÈÀü°Ë»ç, °£È£º¸Á¶»ç¿Í ¸ðÀÚº¸°Ç¿øÀÇ ÈÆ·Ã, ¸ðÀÚº¹Áö ¼¾ÅÍ¿Í ÀÇ·á¿ø¡¤Ç÷¾×ÀºÇàÀÇ ¿î¿µ µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Àû½ÊÀÚ´Â ¸í¸ñ»ó ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀ» ¹Þ´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. À̽½¶÷±³ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­´Â Àû½Å¿ù(Red Crescent£º1906³â ¿À½º¸¸ Á¦±¹ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó äÅõÊ)À̶ó´Â ¸íĪÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

Àû½ÊÀÚ´Â 1859³â 6¿ù ¼ÖÆä¸®³ë ÀüÅõ¿¡¼­ ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ¿Í ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ÀüÀï ºÎ»óÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÀ±Þ°£È£ºÀ»ç´ÜÀ» Á¶Á÷ÇÑ ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ ÀεµÁÖÀÇÀÚ Àå ¾Ó¸® µÚ³¶ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î »ý°å´Ù. ±×°¡ Àú¼­ ¡´¼ÖÆä¸®³ëÀÇ Ãß¾ï Un Souvenir de Solferino¡µ(1862)¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶ÇùȸÀÇ Ã¢¼³À» ¿ª¼³ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á 1864³â ù Çùȸ°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. 1864³â Àû½ÊÀÚ Ã¢¼³À» À§ÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ±¹Á¦ÇùÁ¤ÀÎ Á¦³×¹Ù Á¶¾à¿¡¼­ °¡¸Í±¹µéÀº ¾Æ±º°ú Àû±ºÀ» °¡¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ÀüÀïºÎ»óÀÚµéÀ» Ä¡·áÇÒ °ÍÀ» °ø¾àÇß´Ù. ÈÄ¿¡ ÀÌ ÇùÁ¤¾ÈÀº È®´ë¡¤¼öÁ¤µÇ¾î 1907³â¿¡´Â ÇØÀü¿¡¼­ÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚ¸¦ º¸È£ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ÇùÁ¤¾È¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄ×°í 1929³â¿¡´Â ÀüÀïÆ÷·Î ¿ª½Ã ¸¶¶¥È÷ º¸È£µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¶Ç×À» »ðÀÔ½ÃÄ×´Ù. 1949³â¿¡´Â Àü½Ã¿¡ ¹Î°£ÀÎÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Á¶Ç×ÀÌ Ã¤ÅõǾú´Ù. Àû½ÊÀÚ¿Í Àû½Å¿ùÀÇ ¹ü¼¼°èÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î´Â Àû½ÊÀÚ±¹Á¦À§¿øÈ¸, Àû½ÊÀڻ翬¸Í, °¢±¹ÀÇ Àû½ÊÀÚ ¹× Àû½Å¿ùÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ±¹Á¦À§¿øÈ¸´Â Á¦³×¹Ù¿¡ º»ºÎ¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 25¸íÀÇ ½ºÀ§½º ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ µ¶¸³À§¿øÈ¸ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ À§¿øÈ¸´Â ±³Àü±¹µé »çÀ̸¦ ÁßÀçÇÏ°í °¢±¹ Àû½ÊÀÚ°£ÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Æ÷·Î¼ö¿ë¼Ò ³»ÀÇ ÀüÀïÆ÷·Î¸¦ À§¹®ÇÏ°í ±¸È£¹°ÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°øÇϸç, Ä£ÁöµéÀÇ ¼Ò½ÄÀ» Àü´ÞÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. Á¦³×¹Ù¿¡ »ç¹«±¹À» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Â Àû½ÊÀڻ翬¸ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀçÇØ°¡ ÀϾ Áö¿ªÀÇ ±¸Á¦È°µ¿À̳ª °¢±¹Àû½ÊÀÚ ¹× Àû½Å¿ùÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» À§ÇÑ Áö¿øÈ°µ¿À» ¹úÀδÙ.

Walt Whitmann Blood, War and Disaster: The Red Cross to the Rescue
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