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Quidde,
Ludwig (b. March 23, 1858, Bremen,
Ger.--d. March 5, 1941, Geneva), historian, politician, and one of the most
prominent German pacifists of the early 20th century, co-winner (with Ferdinand-Édouard
Buisson) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1927.
During 1889-96 he was editor of the Deutsche
Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft and in 1890 became professor and
secretary of the Prussian Historical Institute in Rome. In 1892 he returned to
Munich and joined the German Peace Society. In 1894 he published a pamphlet, Caligula, which had the appearance of a historical study but was
actually a caustic satire on William II; the enormously popular publication
brought Quidde three months'
imprisonment for lese majesty. From 1907 to 1919 Quidde was a liberal member of the Bavarian Landtag (Assembly) and
member of the Interparliamentary Union. From 1914 to 1929 he served as chairman
of the German Peace Society. During World War I he opposed German sentiments for
the annexation of foreign territories as a condition for a peace settlement.
In 1919 he joined the Democratic Party
and during 1919-20 served as a member of the National Assembly, where he fought
for a proportional electoral system and denounced the German war-guilt clause of
the Treaty of Versailles. He was chairman of the German Peace Cartel, 1921-29,
representing the right wing of pacifism. Quidde
supported the Weimar Republic, advocated Germany's admittance to the League
of Nations, and opposed the revival and growth of German militarism. Quidde
was arrested in 1924 in Munich after writing in Welt
am Montag against illegal military training by the German armed forces. In
1927 he received the Nobel Peace Prize. After the Nazis came to power in 1933 Quidde immigrated to Geneva, where he remained in exile for the rest
of his life. He published several books on historical and political topics,
including some on pacifist subjects.
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