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Frédéric
Passy
(b.
May 20, 1822, Paris, France--d. June 12, 1912, Paris), French economist and
advocate of international arbitration who was cowinner (with Jean-Henri Dunant, founder of the Red Cross) of the first Nobel Peace
Prize (1901).
After
serving as auditor for the French Council of State (1846-49), Passy devoted
himself to writing, lecturing, and organizing on behalf of various economic
reforms and philanthropies. An ardent free trader, he belonged to the
19th-century liberal tradition of the British economists Richard Cobden and John
Bright, whom he knew personally.
Passy's
work for peace began during the Crimean War (1853-56). His plea for peace in the
periodical Le Temps (1867) helped to
avert war between France and Prussia over Luxembourg. In the same year he
founded the International League for Peace, later known as the French Society
for International Arbitration. After the Franco-German War (1870-71) he proposed
independence and permanent neutrality for Alsace-Lorraine. As a member of the
French Chamber of Deputies (from 1881), he successfully urged arbitration of a
dispute between France and The Netherlands concerning the French Guiana-Surinam
boundary. He assisted in founding the Inter-Parliamentary Union (1888) and
remained active in the peace movement for the rest of his long life.
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