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Ossietzky,
Carl von (b. Oct. 3, 1889, Hamburg,
Ger.--d. May 4, 1938, Berlin), German journalist and pacifist, winner of the
Nobel Prize for Peace for 1935.
In 1912 Ossietzky joined the German Peace Society but was conscripted into
the army and served throughout World War I. In 1920 he became the society's
secretary in Berlin. Ossietzky helped
to found the Nie Wieder Krieg (No More War) organization in 1922 and became
editor of the Weltbühne, a
liberal political weekly, in 1927, where in a series of articles he unmasked the
Reichswehr leaders' secret preparations for rearmament. Accused of treason, Ossietzky
was sentenced in November 1931 to 18 months' imprisonment but was granted
amnesty in December 1932. When Adolf Hitler became chancellor, Ossietzky
had resumed his editorship. Steadfastly refusing to flee Germany, he was
arrested on Feb. 28, 1933, and sent to Papenburg concentration camp. He was
transferred in May 1936 to a prison hospital and then to a private hospital,
where he died of tuberculosis.
On Nov. 24, 1936, Ossietzky was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for 1935. The award
was interpreted as an expression of worldwide censure of Nazism. Hitler's reply
was a decree forbidding Germans to accept any Nobel Prize.
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