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Noel-Baker (of the
City of Derby), Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron,
original name PHILIP JOHN BAKER (b. Nov.
1, 1889, London--d. Oct. 8, 1982, London), British statesman and advocate of
international disarmament, who received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1959.
Fluent in seven languages, he campaigned widely for 40 years for peace through
multilateral disarmament.
The son of Canadian-born Quakers, Baker
added his wife's surname, Noel,
to his own about 1926. He studied at Haverford College in Pennsylvania, at
King's College, Cambridge, and at the Universities of Munich and Paris. A noted
athlete, he ran in the 1912 and 1920 Olympic Games, and as captain of the
British team at the 1920 Games in Antwerp he won the silver medal in the 1,500
metres. He also competed in the 1924 Olympics at Paris. As a Quaker, Noel-Baker
could not enlist in World War I but served with bravery in an ambulance unit
and received several medals. From 1924 to 1929 he was professor for
International Relations at London University.
A member of the British delegation to
the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Baker
(as he then was) subsequently joined the League of Nations secretariat. He
assisted Fridtjof Nansen, the Norwegian explorer and humanitarian who received
the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1922. At the League of Nations assembly in 1923-24,
Baker served as personal assistant to
Lord Robert Cecil (later Viscount Cecil of Chelwood), promoter of the League and
recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1937. He also was principal assistant
to Arthur Henderson, president of the disarmament conference at Geneva, in
1932-33.
Noel-Baker
sat in the House of Commons as a Labour member from 1929 to 1931 and from
1936 to 1970. Between 1945 and 1961, he was successively minister of state,
secretary of state for air and for Commonwealth relations, and minister of fuel
and power. He helped to draft the UN charter and was a member of the British
delegation to the General Assembly in 1946-47. From 1960 to 1982 he was
president of the International Council on Sport and Physical Recreation of
UNESCO. His survey of the disarmament problem was published as The
Arms Race: A Programme for World Disarmament (1958).
Other works include Disarmament and The League of
Nations at Work, both published in 1926, and The Arms Race (1960), for which Noel-Baker was awarded
the Albert Schweitzer Prize in 1960. A retrospective study, The
First World Disarmament Conference, 1932-33, and Why It Failed, was
published in 1979. Noel-Baker was made a
life peer in 1977 and spent his retirement working for the cause of world
disarmament. In 1981, at the age of 91, he wrote and recorded a popular song on
the subject.
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