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Moneta,
Ernesto Teodoro (b. Sept. 20, 1833,
Milan--d. Feb. 10, 1918, Milan), Italian journalist and international activist
on behalf of peace (except where Italian interests required war). He won (with
Louis Renault) the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1907.
At the age of 15 he participated in the
Milanese insurrection of 1848 against Austrian rule, and in 1859-60 he fought
under Giuseppe Garibaldi in the victorious war of liberation. In 1861 he joined
the regular Italian army and fought in the Battle of Custoza in 1866. After
resigning from the army, he became editor (1867-96) of Il Secolo, a democratic newspaper published in Milan.
The suffering that Moneta witnessed during his military career prompted him to seek
ways to abolish war, and about 1887 he founded the Società Internazionale
per la Pace: Unione Lombarda ("International Society for Peace: Lombard
League") to propagandize for disarmament, a league of nations, and
settlement of international disputes by arbitration. In 1898 he founded a
pacifist periodical, Vita internazionale
("International Life"). In 1906 his presidency at the International
Peace Conference in Milan led to his sharing the Nobel Prize for Peace.
Nevertheless, in 1911 he supported Italy's war against Turkey on the grounds of
an Italian civilizing mission in Libya, and in 1915 he advocated Italian entry
into World War I to combat the imperialist designs of the Central Powers.
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¸ð³×Ÿ (Ernesto Teodoro Moneta). 1833. 9. 20 ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ¹Ð¶ó³ë~1918. 2.
10 ¹Ð¶ó³ë.
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