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International Labour Organisation (ILO), specialized agency of the United Nations
whose aim is to facilitate the improvement of conditions of labour and living standards
throughout the world. (see also labour movement)
The ILO was created after World War I in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles as an
affiliated agency of the League of Nations. After the United Nations was established
during World War II, the ILO became the first specialized agency to be affiliated with it,
in 1946.
The functions of the ILO include the development and promotion of standards for
national legislation to protect and improve conditions of work and standards of living. It
provides technical assistance in social policy and administration and in workforce
training and fosters cooperative organizations and rural industries. It compiles labour
statistics and conducts research on the social problems of international competition,
unemployment and underemployment, labour and industrial relations, and technological
change (including automation). It is concerned with the protection of international
migrants and the safeguarding of trade-union rights. The ILO was awarded the Nobel Prize
for Peace in 1969 in recognition of its activities.
In its first decade, the ILO was concerned primarily with legislative and research
efforts, with the definition and promotion of proper minimum standards of labour
legislation for adoption by member states, and with arranging for collaboration among
workers, employers, government delegates, and ILO professional staff. During the 1930s the
ILO sought ways to combat worldwide unemployment and economic depression.
After World War II the breakup of European colonial empires and the claims of the
developing nations brought forth new tasks for the ILO; its membership was no longer
predominantly that of European, economically developed states but increasingly that of the
underdeveloped states of the third world. Among intergovernmental organizations the ILO is
unique in that member states are represented not only by delegates of their governments
but also by delegates of those states' employers and workers, especially trade unions. In
the late 20th century about 150 nations were members of the ILO.
National representatives to the ILO meet at the annual International Labour Conference.
The executive authority of the organization is vested in the Governing Body, which is
elected by the Conference. The International Labour Office in Geneva, composed of the
permanent Secretariat and professional staff, handles the day-to-day operations of the
ILO. It is under the supervision of an appointed director general and has international
civil servants and technical-assistance experts working in countries throughout the world.
Among the ILO's most widely used publications are the International Labour Review
and the Year Book of Labour Statistics.
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