|
Cecil (of Chelwood),
(Edgar Algernon) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount,
also called (until 1923) LORD ROBERT
CECIL (b. Sept. 14, 1864, London--d. Nov. 24, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, Kent,
Eng.), British statesman and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937, one of the
principal draftsmen of the League of Nations Covenant in 1919 and one of the
most loyal workers for the League until its supersession by the United Nations
in 1945.
The third son of the 3rd marquess of
Salisbury, who three times was British prime minister, Lord Robert, during World
War I, was successively under secretary of state for foreign affairs, minister
of blockade, and assistant secretary of state for foreign affairs. As early as
1916 he began to draw up an international peace-keeping agreement, and in 1919,
when he was sent to the peace conference in Paris, his ideas proved generally
compatible with those of United States Pres. Woodrow Wilson and South African
Field Marshal Jan Christian Smuts, the other prominent advocates of the League.
Like Smuts, Lord Robert believed in a world order determined by the white
nations; he successfully opposed a provision for absolute racial equality among
League member states.
As the principal British delegate to the
disarmament conference at Geneva (1926-27), Cecil disagreed with the instructions given him and resigned from
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's government. During the 1930s he unsuccessfully
argued for League measures against aggression by Japan in Manchuria and by Italy
in Ethiopia. He was one of the few in Parliament to vote against concessions
made to Nazi Germany at Munich in 1938.
|
¼¼½Ç. (Edgar Algernon) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st
Viscount Cecil (of Chelwood)
Lord Robert CecilÀ̶ó°íµµ
ÇÔ(~1923).
1864. 9. 14 ·±´ø~1958. 11. 24 À×±Û·£µå
ÄËÆ® ÅϺ긮ÁöÀ£½º.
¿µ±¹ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°¡.
¡¡
 |
| ¼¼½Ç, John
Mansbridge°¡ ±×¸° À¯È(ºÎºÐ) |
1919³â ±¹Á¦¿¬¸Í±Ô¾àÀ» ±âÃÊÇßÀ¸¸ç 1945³â ±¹Á¦¿¬¸ÍÀÌ
±¹Á¦¿¬ÇÕ(UN)À¸·Î
´ëüµÉ ¶§±îÁö Çå½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î Ȱµ¿Çß´Ù. 1937³â¿¡ ³ëº§ ÆòÈ»óÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
3Â÷·Ê ÃѸ®¸¦ ¿ªÀÓÇÑ ¼ÖÁ¸® ÈÄÀÛ 3¼¼ÀÇ ¼¼Â° ¾Æµé·Î Á¦1Â÷
¼¼°è´ëÀüÁß¿¡ ¿Ü±³´ã´ç ±¹¹«Â÷°üº¸, ºÀ¼âÀå°ü, ±¹¹«Â÷°üÀ»
Áö³Â´Ù. ¼¼½Ç °æÀº 1916³â¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ±¹Á¦ÆòÈÀ¯ÁöÇùÁ¤À»
±âÃÊÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß°í, 1919³â¿¡ ÆÄ¸®ÆòÈȸÀÇ¿¡ ÆÄ°ßµÇ¾î
Á¦½ÃÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Âø»óÀº ±¹Á¦¿¬¸ÍÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä¹ß±âÀÎÀÎ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ
¿ìµå·Î Àª½¼
´ëÅë·É ¹× ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ¿¬¹æÀÇ ¾á Å©¸®½ºÂù ½º¸þÃ÷
¿ø¼öÀÇ »ý°¢°ú ´ëü·Î ÀÏÄ¡Çß´Ù. ½º¸þÃ÷¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î
¹éÀα¹°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼¼°èÁú¼¸¦ ½ÅºÀÇß´ø ¼¼½Ç °æÀº ¿¬¸Í
ȸ¿ø±¹ÀÇ Àý´ëÆòµîÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ±Ô¾àÁ¶Ç׿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇØ À̸¦
»èÁ¦Çß´Ù. 1926~27³â ¿µ±¹´ëÇ¥·Î Á¦³×¹Ù ±ºÃàȸÀÇ¿¡
Âü¼®ÇßÀ¸³ª Á¤ºÎÈÆ·É¿¡ ºÒ¸¸À» ǰ°í ½ºÅĸ® º¼µåÀ©
³»°¢¿¡¼ »çÅðÇß´Ù. 1930³â´ë¿¡´Â ±¹Á¦¿¬¸ÍÀÌ ÀϺ»ÀÇ
¸¸ÁÖħ·«°ú ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¿¡Æ¼¿ÀÇÇ¾Æ Ä§°ø¿¡ ¸Â¼ Á¦ÀçÁ¶Ä¡¸¦
ÃëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇßÀ¸³ª ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿µ±¹ÀÌ
³ªÄ¡ µ¶ÀÏ¿¡ ¾çº¸ÇÏ¿© ¹ÀÇî
ÇùÁ¤À» ü°áÇßÀ» ¶§(1938), ÇÏ¿øÀÇ ¸î¸î µ¿·áµé°ú ÇÔ²²
¹Ý´ëÇ¥¸¦ ´øÁ³´Ù.
|