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Boyd-Orr
of Brechin Mearns, John Boyd Orr,
Baron, also called (1935-49) SIR JOHN BOYD ORR (b. Sept. 23, 1880, Kilmaurs,
Ayrshire, Scot.--d. June 25, 1971, Edzell, Angus), Scottish scientist and
authority on nutrition, winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1949.
Boyd-Orr
was educated at the University of Glasgow, where he enrolled as a
theological student before turning to the study of nutrition. In 1914 he became
director of the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the University of Aberdeen and
in 1929 founded the Imperial Bureau of Animal Nutrition there. He first gained
fame with the publication of Food, Health
and Income (1936), a report of a dietary survey by income groups made during
1935 that showed that the cost of a diet fulfilling basic nutritional
requirements was beyond the means of half the British population and that 10
percent of the population was undernourished. This and other reports conducted
by the Rowett Research Institute (formerly Institute of Animal Nutrition) formed
the basis of the British food-rationing system during World War II.
During the war, Boyd-Orr was a member of
the Cabinet's scientific committee on food policy and held the chair of
agriculture at Aberdeen University. In 1945 he became rector of the University
of Glasgow, a member of Parliament for the Scottish universities, and director
general of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, serving in the
latter until 1948. Knighted in 1935, he received a barony in 1949. His writings
include The National Food Supply and Its
Influence on Public Health (1934), Food
and the People (1943), Food--the
Foundation of World Unity (1948), The
White Man's Dilemma (1953), and As I
Recall (1966).
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John Boyd Orr, Baron Boyd-Orr of Brechin
Mearns
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