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Bourgeois,
Léon, in full LÉON-VICTOR-AUGUSTE
BOURGEOIS (b. May 21, 1851, Paris, France--d. Sept. 29, 1925, Château
d'Oger, near Épernay), French politician and statesman, an ardent
promoter of the League of Nations, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in
1920.
Trained in law, Bourgeois entered the civil service in 1876 and by 1887 had advanced
to the position of prefect of police for the Seine département.
In 1888 he was elected to the National Assembly as a deputy from the Marne
district. After serving in a number of ministerial posts, he became premier
(Nov. 1, 1895-April 21, 1896). Later, he was the head of the Radical-Socialist
Party. He represented the Marne (1905-23) in the Senate and was its president
from 1920 to 1923.
Bourgeois
was a French delegate to the Hague Conference of
1899, where he espoused international cooperation among nations. In 1903 he was
appointed to the International Court of Justice (at The Hague). He was
instrumental in formulating the 1906 agreements on Moroccan independence during
the Algeciras Conference. In 1919 he was France's representative to the League
of Nations, emerging as its champion. He was known as a leading spokesman for
the social theory of solidarism, which stressed the quasi-contractual nature of
society and the essential obligations of all men to it. His publications include
Solidarité (1896), La
Politique de la prévoyance sociale, 2 vol. (1914-19; "The
Politics of Social Planning"), Le
Pacte de 1919 et la Société des Nations (1919), and L'Oeuvre
de la Société des Nations, 1920-1923 (1923; "The Work of
the League of Nations").
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[Léon(-Victor-Auguste) Bourgeois].
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