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Nobel PEACE Prize Winners 


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Balch, Emily Greene

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Balch, Emily Greene (b. Jan. 8, 1867, Jamaica Plain, now part of Boston--d. Jan. 9, 1961, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.), U.S. sociologist, political scientist, economist, and pacifist, a leader of the women's movement for peace during and after World War I; she received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1946 jointly with John Raleigh Mott. She was also noted for her sympathetic and thorough study of Slavic immigrants in the United States.

A member of the first graduating class at Bryn Mawr (Pennsylvania) College, she taught at Wellesley (Massachusetts) College from 1897. She founded a settlement house in Boston and served on the Massachusetts commissions on industrial relations (1908-09) and immigration (1913-14) and the Boston city planning board (1914-17). To prepare Our Slavic Fellow Citizens (1910), she lived in Slavic-American neighbourhoods in various cities and travelled to eastern Europe for firsthand knowledge of the Slavic homelands.

A member of the Society of Friends (Quakers), she was a delegate to the International Congress of Women, The Hague (1915), and she helped found the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, of which she was secretary-treasurer (1919-22, 1934-35). For opposing U.S. entry into World War I, she was dismissed from her professorship at Wellesley in 1918. Realizing the intractability of Nazi Germany and Japan, she approved U.S. participation in World War II. Her writings on peace include Approaches to the Great Settlement (1918).

º¼Ä¡ (Emily Greene Balch).

1867. 1. 8 ÀÚ¸ÞÀÌÄ« Æò¿ø (Áö±ÝÀÇ º¸½ºÅÏ ÀϺΠÁö¿ª)~1961. 1. 9 ¹Ì±¹ ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö.

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ »çȸÇÐÀÚ¡¤Á¤Ä¡ÇÐÀÚ¡¤°æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ¡¤ÆòÈ­¿îµ¿°¡.

Á¦1Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ±â°£ºÎÅÍ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ¿©¼ºÆòÈ­¿îµ¿À» À̲ø¾ú´Ù. 1946³â Á¸ ·Ñ¸® ¸ðÆ®¿Í °øµ¿À¸·Î ³ëº§ ÆòÈ­»óÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ½½¶óºê°è ÀÌÁֹε鿡 ´ëÇÑ µ¿Á¤ÀûÀ̰í öÀúÇÑ ¿¬±¸·Î À¯¸íÇÏ´Ù.

ºê¸°¸ð¾î(Ææ½Çº£À̴ϾÆ)´ëÇÐÀÇ 1ȸ Á¹¾÷»ýÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, 1897³âºÎÅÍ À£Áñ¸®(¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷)´ëÇп¡¼­ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. º¸½ºÅÏ¿¡ Àκ¸°üÀ» ¼¼¿üÀ¸¸ç ¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ »ê¾÷°ü°èÀ§¿øÈ¸(1908~09), À̹ÎÀ§¿øÈ¸(1913~14), º¸½ºÅÏ µµ½Ã°èȹÀ§¿øÈ¸(1914~17)¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇß´Ù. Àú¼­ ¡´¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¿·á ½½¶óºê°è ½Ã¹Îµé Our Slavic Fellow Citizens¡µ(1910)À» ÁغñÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ µµ½ÃÀÇ ½½¶óºê°è ¹Ì±¹Àεé°ú ÇÔ²² »ì¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ½½¶óºêÀεéÀÇ º»±¹À» Á÷Á¢ ¾Ë±â À§ÇØ µ¿À¯·´À» ¿©ÇàÇß´Ù. ÄùÀÌÄ¿±³µµ¿´À¸¸ç 1915³â ÇìÀ̱׿¡¼­ ¿­¸° ±¹Á¦¿©¼ºÈ¸ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥¸¦ ¿ªÀÓÇß´Ù. ±¹Á¦¿©¼ºÆòÈ­ ¹× ÀÚÀ¯µ¿¸ÍÀÇ Ã¢¼³À» µµ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ´ÜüÀÇ È¸°è °£»ç¸¦ Áö³Â´Ù(1919~22, 1934~35). ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Á¦1Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ÂüÀü¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© 1918³â À£Áñ¸®´ëÇÐ ±³¼öÁ÷¿¡¼­ ÇØÀӵǾú´Ù. Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ¶§´Â ³ªÄ¡ µ¶Àϰú ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¸·°­ÇÔÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÂüÀüÀ» Âù¼ºÇß´Ù. ÆòÈ­¿¡ °üÇÑ Àú¼­·Î´Â ¡´À§´ëÇÑ ÇØ°áÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© Approaches to the Great Settlement¡µ(1918)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

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