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Amnesty International
(AI), international organization headquartered in London that seeks to inform
public opinion about violations of human rights,
especially the abridgments of freedom of speech and of religion and the
imprisonment and torture of political dissidents, and which actively seeks the
release of political prisoners and the relief, when necessary, of their
families. In 1977 Amnesty International was
awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
The organization was founded in London
on May 28, 1961, through the principal efforts of Peter Benenson, who had been a
defense lawyer for political prisoners in Hungary, South Africa, and Spain and
who sought to establish a collective agency for the advancement of human rights.
From 1961 to 1975 the chairman of AI's International Executive Committee was Seán
MacBride (recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize for Peace). By the early
1980s AI consisted of an international secretariat of 150 persons, national
"sections," or offices, in more than 40 countries, and about 200,000
individual members in some 100 countries.
Aside from generally publicizing
governmental wrongdoing in newsletters, annual reports, and background papers,
AI relies strongly on the worldwide distribution of "adoption groups,"
each of which, staffed by three to eight persons, takes on a limited number of
cases of "prisoners of conscience" and barrages the offending
government with letters of protest until the prisoners are released. The
research department at London headquarters is in contact with human-rights
activists and other interested parties around the world and provides the network
of information for all the organization's activities.
Amnesty
International's logo is a burning candle wrapped
in barbed wire.
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