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Nobel PEACE Prize Winners 


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Addams, Jane

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Addams, Jane (b. Sept. 6, 1860, Cedarville, Ill., U.S.--d. May 21, 1935, Chicago, Ill.), American social reformer and pacifist, cowinner (with Nicholas Murray Butler) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931. She is probably best known as the founder of Hull House, Chicago, one of the first social settlements in North America.

After graduation from Rockford (Ill.) College in 1881, Addams entered the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, but her health failed, and for two years she was an invalid. Then (1883-85, 1887-88) she traveled extensively in Europe, visiting the Toynbee Hall settlement house (founded 1884) in the Whitechapel industrial district of London. Upon returning to the United States, she and her traveling companion, Ellen Gates Starr, determined to create something like Toynbee Hall. In a working-class district in Chicago, they acquired a large vacant residence built by Charles Hull in 1856, and, calling it Hull House, they moved into it on Sept. 18, 1889. Eventually the settlement included 13 buildings and a playground, as well as a camp near Lake Geneva, Wis. Many prominent social workers and reformers--Julia Lathrop, Florence Kelley, Grace and Edith Abbott--came to live at Hull House, as did others who continued to make their living in business or the arts while helping Addams in settlement activities.

Among the facilities at Hull House were included a day nursery, a gymnasium, a community kitchen, and a boarding club for working girls. Hull House offered college-level courses in various subjects; furnished training in art, music, and crafts such as bookbinding; and sponsored one of the earliest little-theatre groups, the Hull House Players. In addition to making available services and cultural opportunities for the largely immigrant population of the neighbourhood, Hull House afforded an opportunity for young social workers to acquire training.

Addams worked with labour as well as other reform groups toward goals including the first juvenile-court law, tenement-house regulation, an eight-hour working day for women, factory inspection, and worker's compensation. She strove in addition for justice for immigrants and blacks, advocated research aimed at determining the causes of poverty and crime, and supported woman suffrage. In 1910 she became the first woman president of the National Conference of Social Work, and in 1912 she played an active part in the Progressive Party's presidential campaign for Theodore Roosevelt. At The Hague in 1915 she served as chairman of the International Congress of Women, following which was established the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

The establishment of the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois in 1963 forced the Hull House Association to relocate its headquarters. The majority of its original buildings were demolished, but the Hull residence itself was preserved as a monument to Jane Addams.

Among Addams' books are Democracy and Social Ethics (1902), Newer Ideals of Peace (1907), Twenty Years at Hull-House (1910), and The Second Twenty Years at Hull-House (1930).

¾Ö´ý½º (Jane Addams).

1860. 9. 6 ¹Ì±¹ Àϸ®³ëÀÌ ½Ã´õºô~1935. 5. 21 ½ÃÄ«°í.

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