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Sharp, Granville
(b. Nov. 10 [Nov. 21, New Style], 1735, Durham, Durham, Eng.--d. July 6, 1813,
Fulham, London), English scholar and philanthropist, noted as an advocate of the
abolition of slavery.
Granville was apprenticed to a London
draper, but in 1758 he entered the government ordnance department. A diligent
student of Greek and Hebrew, he published several treatises on biblical
criticism. His fame rests, however, on his untiring efforts for the abolition of
slavery.
In 1767 he became involved in litigation
with the owner of a slave called Jonathan Strong, in which it was decided that a
slave remained in law the chattel of his master even on English soil. Sharp
devoted himself to fighting this judgment both with his pen and in the courts of
law; and finally it was laid down in another case he took up, that of James
Somersett (1772), that "as soon as any slave sets foot upon English
territory, he becomes free." (This decision did not include the colonies,
however.) (see also Somersett case)
Sharp advocated the cause of the
American colonies, supported parliamentary reform at home and the legislative
independence of Ireland, and agitated against the press-gang. In 1787 he founded
a society for the abolition of slavery, and he was a joint founder of the British
and Foreign Bible Society and the Society for the Conversion of Jews.
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