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Abolitionism

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personal-liberty laws

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personal-liberty laws, in U.S. history, pre-Civil War laws passed by Northern state governments to counteract the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Acts and to protect escaped slaves and free blacks settled in the North.

Contravening the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, which did not provide for trial by jury, Indiana (1824) and Connecticut (1828) enacted laws making jury trials for escaped slaves possible upon appeal. In 1840 Vermont and New York granted fugitives the right of jury trial and provided them with attorneys. After 1842, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act was a federal function, some Northern state governments passed laws forbidding state authorities to cooperate in the capture and return of fugitives. In the reaction to the Fugitive Slave Act contained in the Compromise of 1850, most Northern states provided further guarantees of jury trial, authorized severe punishment for illegal seizure and perjury against alleged fugitives, and forbade state authorities to recognize claims to fugitives. These laws were among the many assaults on states' rights cited as a justification for secession by South Carolina in 1860.

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¹è½ÉÀçÆÇÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº 1793³âÀÇ µµ¸Á³ë¿¹¼Ûȯ¹ý¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© Àεð¾Ö³ª(1824)¿Í ÄÚ³×Æ¼ÄÆ(1828)¿¡¼­´Â »ó¼Ò½Ã ¹è½ÉÀçÆÇÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹ý·üÀ» Á¦Á¤Çß´Ù. 1840³â ¹ö¸óÆ®¿Í ´º¿å¿¡¼­´Â µµ¸Á³ë¿¹¿¡°Ô ¹è½ÉÀçÆÇÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®¿Í º¯È£»çÀÇ Á¶·ÂÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. ¿¬¹æ´ë¹ý¿øÀÌ µµ¸Á³ë¿¹¼Ûȯ¹ýÀÇ ½ÃÇàÀº ¿¬¹æÀÇ ¼Ò°üÀ̶ó°í ÆÇ°áÇÑ 1842³â ÀÌÈÄ, ºÏºÎÀÇ ¸î¸î ÁÖÁ¤ºÎµéÀº ÁÖ´ç±¹ÀÌ µµ¸Á³ë¿¹¸¦ üÆ÷¡¤¼ÛȯÇÏ´Â µ¥ Çù·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹ý·üÀ» Åë°ú½ÃÄ×´Ù. 1850³âÀÇ Å¸Çù¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ µµ¸Á³ë¿¹¼Ûȯ¹ý¿¡ ¹Ý¹ßÇÏ¿© ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ºÏºÎ ÁÖµéÀº µµ¸Á³ë¿¹µé¿¡°Ô ¹è½ÉÀçÆÇÀ» º¸´Ù È®°íÈ÷ º¸ÀåÇØÁÖ´Â ÇÑÆí ÇØ´ç µµ¸Á³ë¿¹µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒ¹ýüÆ÷ ¹× À§ÁõÀ» ¾ö¹ú¿¡ óÇϰí, ÁÖ´ç±¹ÀÌ µµ¸Á³ë¿¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®ÁÖÀåÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ±ÔÁ¤Çß´Ù. ÀÌµé ¹ý·üÀº ÁÖÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ Ä§ÇØÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº Á¶Ä¡µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î, 1860³â »ç¿ì½ºÄ³·Ñ¶óÀ̳ªÀÇ ¿¬¹æÅ»Åð »çÀ¯ÀÇ Çϳª·Î ÀοëµÇ¾ú´Ù.

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Ableman v. Booth ] Adams, John Quincy ] "America" - By James M Whitfield ] Amistad mutiny ] Anti-Slavery Convention Address - Angelina Grimke's ] American Anti-Slavery Society ] From David Walker's Appeal - Our Wretchedness in Consequence of Slavery ] Birney, James Gillespie ] Black Code ] Bleeding Kansas ] Brown, William Wells ] Brown, John ] Chapman, Maria Weston ] Child, Lydia Maria ] Clay, Cassius Marcellus ] Compromise of 1850 ] Crandall, Prudence ] Emancipation Proclamation ] Forced Labour ] Foster, Abigail Kelley ] freedman ] Freedmen's Bureau ] Freetown ] Fugitive Slave Acts ] gag rule ] Grimke, Sarah (Moore) and Angelina (Emily) ] From The Liberator  - By William Lloyd Garrison ] Liberty Party ] Abraham Lincoln ] lynching ] The Martyr - From Uncle Tom¡¯s Cabin ] Middle Passage ] Missouri Compromise ] peonage ] [ personal-liberty laws ] On the Reception of Abolition Petitions ] Racism ] Reconstruction ] Serfdom ] Sharp, Granville ] Congregations Sites for the Abolitioninsts ] Stevens, Thaddeus ] Thoreau's "A Plea for Captain John Brown" ] Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture ] Truth, Sojourner ] Turner, Nat ] Underground Railroad ] Whittier, John Greenleaf ]


Ȩ ] Wiliam LLoyd Garrison ] Frederick Douglass ] The Liberator ] Thomas Clarkson ] Wilberforce, William ] Uncle Tom's Cabin ] Slavery ] °ü·Ã ¹®¼­µé ]


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