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peonage, form of involuntary servitude, the
origins of which have been traced as far back as the Spanish conquest of Mexico,
when the conquerors were able to force the poor, especially the Indians, to work
for Spanish planters and mine operators. In both the English and Spanish
languages, the word peon became synonymous with labourer but was restricted in
the United
States to those workers compelled by contract to pay their creditors in
labour. Although the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution and congressional
legislation after the American Civil War prohibited any such involuntary
servitude in the United States, the former slaveholding states of the South
devised certain legislation to make labour compulsory. Under these state laws,
employers could induce or deceive men into signing contracts for labour to pay
their debts or to avoid fines that might be imposed by the courts. (see also
labour law, black code) |
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