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Clarkson, Thomas
(b. March 28, 1760, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, Eng.--d. Sept. 26, 1846, Ipswich,
Suffolk), abolitionist, one of the first effective publicists of the English
movement against the slave trade and against slavery in the colonies.
Clarkson was ordained a deacon, but from
1785 he devoted his life to abolitionism. His An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species (1786)
brought him into association with Granville Sharp,
William Wilberforce, and other foes of slavery.
In 1787 he joined them in forming a society for the abolition of the slave
trade. His essay also gained him the sympathy of Edmund Burke, Charles James
Fox, and the younger William Pitt.
Clarkson visited British ports to
collect facts for his pamphlet "A Summary View of the Slave Trade and of
the Probable Consequences of Its Abolition" (1787). The evidence that he
gathered was used in the antislavery campaign led by Wilberforce in Parliament.
Little progress was made during the early years of warfare with France because
many members of Parliament believed that the slave trade provided essential
wealth for the nation and valuable training for the navy.
In 1807 a bill for the abolition of the
slave trade finally was passed, and the next year Clarkson's two-volume history
of the trade was published. Partly as a result of Clarkson's continued efforts,
Viscount Castlereagh in 1815 secured the condemnation of the trade by the other
European powers, though at the congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818) measures for
enforcing international abolition were discussed without effect. When the Anti-Slavery
Society was founded (1823), Clarkson was chosen a vice president.
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