¡¡

Jesusi.com Homepage

¡¡

¡¡

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

µÚ·Î ] Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ´ÙÀ½ ]

¡¡
Abolitionism

Jesusi.com

Brown, John

ºê¶ó¿î

Brown, John (b. May 9, 1800, Torrington, Conn., U.S.--d. Dec. 2, 1859, Charlestown, Va.), militant American Abolitionist whose raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Va., in 1859 made him a martyr to the antislavery cause and was instrumental in heightening sectional animosities that led to the American Civil War (1861-65).

Moving about restlessly through Ohio, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New York, Brown was barely able to support his large family in any of several vocations at which he tried his hand: tanner, sheep drover, wool merchant, farmer, and land speculator.

Though he was white, in 1849 Brown settled with his family in a black community founded at North Elba, N.Y., on land donated by the New York antislavery philanthropist Gerrit Smith. Long a foe of slavery, Brown became obsessed with the idea of taking overt action to help win justice for enslaved black people. In 1855 he followed five of his sons to the Kansas Territory to assist antislavery forces struggling for control there. With a wagon laden with guns and ammunition, Brown settled in Osawatomie and soon became the leader of antislavery guerrillas in the area.

Brooding over the sack of the town of Lawrence by a mob of slavery sympathizers (May 21, 1856), he concluded that he had a divine mission to take vengeance. Three days later he led a nighttime retaliatory raid on a pro-slavery settlement at Pottawatomie Creek, in which five men were dragged out of their cabins and hacked to death. After this raid, the name of "Old Osawatomie Brown" conjured up a fearful image among local slavery apologists. (see also Pottawatomie Massacre)

In the spring of 1858, Brown convened a meeting of blacks and whites in Chatham, Ont., at which he announced his intention of establishing in the Maryland and Virginia mountains a stronghold for escaping slaves. He proposed, and the convention adopted, a provisional constitution for the people of the United States. He was elected commander in chief of this paper government while gaining the moral and financial support of Gerrit Smith and several prominent Boston Abolitionists.

In the summer of 1859, with an armed band of 16 whites and 5 blacks, Brown set up a headquarters in a rented farmhouse in Maryland, across the Potomac from Harpers Ferry, the site of a federal armoury. On the night of October 16, he quickly took the armoury and rounded up some 60 leading men of the area as hostages. Brown took this desperate action in the hope that escaped slaves would join his rebellion, forming an "army of emancipation" with which to liberate their fellow slaves. Throughout the next day and night he and his men held out against the local militia, but on the following morning he surrendered to a small force of U.S. Marines who had broken in and overpowered him. Brown himself was wounded, and 10 of his followers (including two sons) were killed. He was tried for murder, slave insurrection, and treason against the state and was convicted and hanged.

Although Brown failed to start a general escape movement among slaves, the high moral tone of his defense helped to immortalize him and to hasten the war that would bring emancipation.

ºê¶ó¿î (John Brown). 1800. 5. 9 ¹Ì±¹ ÄÚ³×Æ¼ÄÆ Å丵ÅÏ ~1859. 12. 2 ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ Âû½ºÅ¸¿î.

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ È£ÀüÀûÀÎ ³ë¿¹Á¦ ÆóÁö·ÐÀÚ.

1859³â ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ÇÏÆÛ½ºÆä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¬¹æ ¹«±â°í¸¦ ½À°ÝÇÏ´Ù°¡ Á×À½À¸·Î½á ³ë¿¹Á¦ ÆóÁö¿îµ¿ÀÇ ¼ø±³ÀÚ·Î Ãß¾Ó¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ÀÌÈÄ ³²ºÏÀüÀï(1861~65)À¸·Î ±Í°áµÇ´Â ³²ºÏ°£ÀÇ Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ Àû´ë°¨À» °íÁ¶½ÃŰ´Â ÀÛ¿ëÀ» Çß´Ù.

ºê¶ó¿îÀº ¿ÀÇÏÀÌ¿À¡¤Ææ½Çº£À̴Ͼơ¤¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷¡¤´º¿å µîÁö¸¦ Á¤Ã³¾øÀÌ ¶°µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸é¼­ ¹«µÎÀåÀÌ¡¤¾ç¸ôÀ̲ۡ¤¾ç¸ðÀå¼ö¡¤³óºÎ¡¤ÅäÁöÅõ±â¾÷ÀÚ µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á÷¾÷À» °¡Á³Áö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ½Ä±¸¸¦ ¸Ô¿©»ì¸®±â´Â ¾î·Á¿ü´Ù. ±×´Â ¹éÀÎÀ̸鼭µµ 1849³â¿¡ °¡Á·°ú ÇÔ²² ´º¿åÀÇ ³ë½º¿¤¹Ù¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÇÑ ÈæÀΰøµ¿Ã¼¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇߴµ¥, ±×°÷Àº ³ë¿¹Á¦¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ´º¿åÀÇ ÀÚ¼±»ç¾÷°¡ÀÎ °Ô¸´ ½º¹Ì½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶¥À» ±âÁõ¹Þ¾Æ °Ç¼³ÇÑ ¸¶À»À̾ú´Ù. ¿À·§µ¿¾È ³ë¿¹Á¦¸¦ Áõ¿ÀÇØ¿Ô´ø ±×´Â ÈæÀγ뿹µéÀÌ °øÆòÇÑ ´ë¿ì¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °ø°³ÀûÀΠȰµ¿À» ¹úÀÏ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À» °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1855³â ±×´Â 5¸íÀÇ ¾Æµé°ú ÇÔ²² ĵÀÚ½º ÁØÁÖ·Î °¡¼­, ±×°÷À» Àå¾ÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ´ø ³ë¿¹Á¦ ¹Ý´ë¼¼·ÂÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÃѰú ź¾àÀ» ½ÇÀº Áü¸¶Â÷¸¦ ²ø°í ¿À»ç¿ÍÅä¹Ì¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇßÀ¸¸ç, °ð ±× Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ³ë¿¹Á¦¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â À¯°Ý´ëÀÇ ´ëÀåÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.

ºê¶ó¿îÀº ³ë¿¹Á¦¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â ÆøµµµéÀÌ ÀÏÀ¸Å² ·Î·»½º ½Ã ¾àÅ»»ç°Ç(1856. 5. 21)¿¡ ´ëÇØ °õ°õÈ÷ »ý°¢Çغ» ÈÄ °á±¹ º¹¼ö¸¦ Çϱâ·Î ¸¶À½À» ±»Çû´Ù. ±×´Â Àڽſ¡°Ô ÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ »ç¸íÀÌ ºÎ¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. 3ÀÏ ÈÄ ¹ã¿¡ ±×´Â Æ÷Ÿ¿ÍÅä¹ÌÅ©¸®Å©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³ë¿¹Á¦ ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö¸¦ ½À°ÝÇßÀ¸¸ç, À̶§ ³²ÀÚ 5¸íÀ» Áý¹ÛÀ¸·Î ²ø¾î³» ³­µµÁúÇØ Á׿´´Ù. ±×µÚ·Î ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ³ë¿¹Á¦ ¿ËÈ£Àڵ鿡°Ô '¿À»ç¿ÍÅä¹ÌÀÇ ´ÄÀº ºê¶ó¿î'À̶ó´Â À̸§Àº °øÆ÷ÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1858³â º½ ±×´Â ¿ÂŸ¸®¿À ÁÖ Ã¤ÅÒ¿¡¼­ ÈæÀΰú ¹éÀÎÀÌ °°ÀÌ Âü¿©Çϴ ȸÀǸ¦ ¼ÒÁýÇß´Ù. ÀÌ È¸ÀÇ¿¡¼­ ¸Þ¸±·£µå ÁÖ¿Í ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ »ê¾ÇÁö´ë¿¡ µµ¸Á³ë¿¹¸¦ À§ÇÑ Çdz­¼Ò¸¦ ¼¼¿ì°Ú´Ù´Â ÀǰßÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ¶Ç ¹Ì±¹±¹¹ÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÓ½ÃÇå¹ýÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇßÀ¸¸ç ȸÀÇ´Â ÀÌ Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù. ÀÌ¾î ºê¶ó¿îÀº °Ô¸´ ½º¹Ì½º¿Í º¸½ºÅÏÀÇ ¸î¸î ³ë¿¹Á¦ ÆóÁö·ÐÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤½ÅÀû¡¤ÀçÁ¤Àû Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ, ¾ÆÁ÷ ¼ö¸³µÇÁöµµ ¾ÊÀº Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÃÖ°í ¼ö¹ÝÀ¸·Î ¼±ÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1859³â ¿©¸§, ºê¶ó¿îÀº ¹éÀÎ 16¸í°ú ÈæÀÎ 5¸íÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¹«ÀåÁý´ÜÀ» À̲ø°í ¸Þ¸±·£µå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ³ó°¡¸¦ ºô·Á º»ºÎ·Î »ï¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ³ó°¡´Â Æ÷Å䏯 °­À» »çÀÌ¿¡ µÎ°í ÇÏÆÛ½ºÆä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¬¹æ ¹«±â°í¿Í ¸¶ÁÖº¸°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 10¿ù 16ÀÏ ¹ã ±×´Â ¼ø½Ä°£¿¡ ¹«±â°í¸¦ Àå¾ÇÇÏ°í ±× Áö¿ªÀÇ Áöµµ±Þ Àλç 60¿© ¸íÀ» ÀÎÁú·Î Àâ¾Ò´Ù. ºê¶ó¿îÀº µµ¸Á³ë¿¹µéÀÌ µ¿·á³ë¿¹µéÀ» ÇØ¹æ½Ãų 'ÇØ¹æ±º'À» Á¶Á÷ÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¶õ¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇϸ®¶ó´Â ±â´ë¸¦ ǰ°í ÀÌ·± °á»çÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» Çß´Ù. ´ÙÀ½³¯ ¹ã±îÁö Áö¹æ ¹Îº´´ë¿Í ½Î¿ì¸ç ¹öÅáÁö¸¸ ±× ´ÙÀ½³¯ ¾ÆÄ§ ±â½ÀÀÛÀüÀ» °¨ÇàÇÑ ÇØº´´ëÀÇ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð º´·Â¿¡ Ç׺¹ÇÏ°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. 2¸íÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚ 10¿© ¸íÀÌ Á×¾ú°í ÀÚ½ÅÀº ºÎ»óÀ» ´çÇßÀ¸¸ç, °á±¹ »ìÀΰú ³ë¿¹¹Ý¶õ ¼±µ¿, ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý¿ªÇøÀÇ·Î ±â¼ÒµÇ¾î »çÇüÀ» ¼±°í¹Þ°í ±³¼öÇüÀ» ´çÇß´Ù. ºê¶ó¿îÀº ³ë¿¹µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ µµ¸Á¿îµ¿À» Ã˹߽ÃŰ´Â µ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇßÁö¸¸, ÀçÆÇ¿¡¼­ µµ´öÀû ¾îÁ¶·Î ÀϰüµÈ º¯·ÐÀ» ÇÏ¿© ºÒÈÄÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò¾úÀ¸¸ç ³ë¿¹ÇعæÀ» °¡Á®¿Â ³²ºÏÀüÀïÀ» ¾Õ´ç±â´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çß´Ù.

¡¡ ¡¡

Ableman v. Booth ] Adams, John Quincy ] "America" - By James M Whitfield ] Amistad mutiny ] Anti-Slavery Convention Address - Angelina Grimke's ] American Anti-Slavery Society ] From David Walker's Appeal - Our Wretchedness in Consequence of Slavery ] Birney, James Gillespie ] Black Code ] Bleeding Kansas ] Brown, William Wells ] [ Brown, John ] Chapman, Maria Weston ] Child, Lydia Maria ] Clay, Cassius Marcellus ] Compromise of 1850 ] Crandall, Prudence ] Emancipation Proclamation ] Forced Labour ] Foster, Abigail Kelley ] freedman ] Freedmen's Bureau ] Freetown ] Fugitive Slave Acts ] gag rule ] Grimke, Sarah (Moore) and Angelina (Emily) ] From The Liberator  - By William Lloyd Garrison ] Liberty Party ] Abraham Lincoln ] lynching ] The Martyr - From Uncle Tom¡¯s Cabin ] Middle Passage ] Missouri Compromise ] peonage ] personal-liberty laws ] On the Reception of Abolition Petitions ] Racism ] Reconstruction ] Serfdom ] Sharp, Granville ] Congregations Sites for the Abolitioninsts ] Stevens, Thaddeus ] Thoreau's "A Plea for Captain John Brown" ] Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture ] Truth, Sojourner ] Turner, Nat ] Underground Railroad ] Whittier, John Greenleaf ]


Ȩ ] Wiliam LLoyd Garrison ] Frederick Douglass ] The Liberator ] Thomas Clarkson ] Wilberforce, William ] Uncle Tom's Cabin ] Slavery ] °ü·Ã ¹®¼­µé ]


¡¡
¡¡
 

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

µÚ·Î ] Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ´ÙÀ½ ]

¡¡
 

Jesusi.com Homepage



This page was last modified 2001/10/12