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Abolitionism

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Bleeding Kansas

ÇÇÀÇ ÄµÀÚ½º

Bleeding Kansas (1854-59), small civil war in the United States, fought between proslavery and antislavery advocates for control of the new territory of Kansas under the doctrine of popular sovereignty (q.v.). Sponsors of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (May 30, 1854) expected its provisions for territorial self-government to arrest the "torrent of fanaticism" that had been dividing the nation regarding the slavery issue. Instead, free-soil forces from the North formed armed emigrant associations to populate Kansas, while proslavery advocates poured over the border from Missouri. Regulating associations and guerrilla bands were formed by each side, and only the intervention of the Governor prevented violence in the Wakarusa War, launched in December 1855 over the murder of an antislavery settler. "Bleeding Kansas" became a fact with the Sack of Lawrence (May 21, 1856), in which a proslavery mob swarmed into the town of Lawrence and wrecked and burned the hotel and newspaper office in an effort to wipe out this "hotbed of abolitionism." Three days later, an antislavery band led by John Brown retaliated in the Pottawatomie Massacre (q.v.). Periodic bloodshed along the border followed as the two factions fought battles, captured towns, and set prisoners free. A political struggle to determine the future state's position on slavery ensued, centred on the Lecompton Constitution (q.v.) proposed in 1857. The question was finally settled when Kansas was admitted as a free state in January 1861, but, meanwhile, "Bleeding Kansas" had furnished the newly formed Republican Party with a much needed antislavery issue in the national election of 1860. Claims for $400,000 in damages sustained in the border war were later approved by territorial commissioners. (see also popular sovereignty, Pottawatomie Massacre)

ÇÇÀÇ ÄµÀÚ½º (Bleeding Kansas).

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³ë¿¹Á¦ ¿ËÈ£·ÐÀÚ¿Í ÆóÁö·ÐÀÚ°¡ ÁÖ¹ÎÁֱǷÐÀ̶ó´Â ¿øÄ¢À» ³õ°í »õ·Î¿î ÁØÁÖÀΠĵÀÚ½º¸¦ Àå¾ÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹úÀÎ ¼Ò±Ô¸ðÀÇ ³»¶õ(1854~59).

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ÁÖ¹ÎÁֱǷР(ñ¬ÚÅñ«ÏíÖå, popular sovereignty). squatter sovereignty¶ó°íµµ ÇÔ.

ÁØÁÖ(ñÞñ¶)°¡ ¿¬¹æ¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇÒ ¶§ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖ°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÎÁö ³ë¿¹Á¦°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÎÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ±× ÁØÁÖÀÇ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡ ¸Ã±âÀÚ´Â ÀÌ·Ð.

¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ³í¶õÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å² °³³äÀ¸·Î¼­ ƯÈ÷ ´ºÀ×±Û·£µå¿¡¼­´Â '¹«´ÜÁ¤ÁÖÀÚÀÇ ÁÖ±Ç'(squatter sovereignty)À̶ó°í ºÒ·È´Ù. 1850³â À¯Å¸ ¹× ´º¸ß½ÃÄÚ Áö¿ªÀ» ÁØÁÖ·Î Á¶Á÷ÇÒ ¶§ ÃÖÃÊ·Î Àû¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ³ë¼±ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í °¡Àå ÷¿¹ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀº 1854³â ½ºÆ¼ºì A. ´õ±Û·¯½º »ó¿øÀÇ¿øÀÌ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ ÄµÀÚ½º-³×ºê·¡½ºÄ« ¹ýÀÇ Åë°ú ¶§¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¹ýÀº ĵÀÚ½º¿Í ³×ºê·¡½ºÄ« µÎ Áö¿ª¿¡ ³ë¿¹Á¦ ÀÎÁ¤ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ Àǻ翡 µû¶ó °áÁ¤Çϸç, ¾Æ¿ï·¯ 1820³âÀÇ ¹ÌÁÖ¸® ŸÇù¿¡ µû¸¥ ºÏÀ§ 36¡Æ30¡ÇÀ̺ÏÀÇ ³ë¿¹Á¦ ±ÝÁö±ÔÁ¤À» ¹«È¿È­ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°á°ú ĵÀÚ½º ÁØÁÖ¸¦ Àå¾ÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ë¿¹Á¦ ÁöÁöÀÚµé°ú ³ë¿¹Á¦ ¹Ý´ëÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ °Ý·ÄÇÑ ÅõÀïÀÌ ÀϾ( ¡æ ÇÇÀÇ ÄµÀÚ½º) ÁÖ¹ÎÁֱǷÐÀÌ ¾ç Áø¿µ »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÕÀǸ¦ ÀÌ·ê ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.¡æ µå·¹µå ½ºÄà ÆÇ°á

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Ableman v. Booth ] Adams, John Quincy ] "America" - By James M Whitfield ] Amistad mutiny ] Anti-Slavery Convention Address - Angelina Grimke's ] American Anti-Slavery Society ] From David Walker's Appeal - Our Wretchedness in Consequence of Slavery ] Birney, James Gillespie ] Black Code ] [ Bleeding Kansas ] Brown, William Wells ] Brown, John ] Chapman, Maria Weston ] Child, Lydia Maria ] Clay, Cassius Marcellus ] Compromise of 1850 ] Crandall, Prudence ] Emancipation Proclamation ] Forced Labour ] Foster, Abigail Kelley ] freedman ] Freedmen's Bureau ] Freetown ] Fugitive Slave Acts ] gag rule ] Grimke, Sarah (Moore) and Angelina (Emily) ] From The Liberator  - By William Lloyd Garrison ] Liberty Party ] Abraham Lincoln ] lynching ] The Martyr - From Uncle Tom¡¯s Cabin ] Middle Passage ] Missouri Compromise ] peonage ] personal-liberty laws ] On the Reception of Abolition Petitions ] Racism ] Reconstruction ] Serfdom ] Sharp, Granville ] Congregations Sites for the Abolitioninsts ] Stevens, Thaddeus ] Thoreau's "A Plea for Captain John Brown" ] Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture ] Truth, Sojourner ] Turner, Nat ] Underground Railroad ] Whittier, John Greenleaf ]


Ȩ ] Wiliam LLoyd Garrison ] Frederick Douglass ] The Liberator ] Thomas Clarkson ] Wilberforce, William ] Uncle Tom's Cabin ] Slavery ] °ü·Ã ¹®¼­µé ]


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