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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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XII. WHAT IS FAITH?

XII. ½Å¾ÓÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?

I believe Christ's teaching; and this is what I believe.

³ª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ï´Â´Ù; ±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

I believe that my welfare in the world will only be possible when all men fulfill Christ's teaching.

³ª´Â, ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ¿ÀÁ÷ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

I believe that the fulfillment of that teaching is possible, easy, and joyful.

³ª´Â, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϰí, ½¬¿ì¸ç, ±×¸®°í Áñ°Ì´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

I believe that before that teaching is universally followed, even were I alone in fulfilling it, there is still nothing for me to do to save my life from inevitable ruin but to fulfill that teaching, just as there is no alternative way of escape from a burning house for a man who has found the door leading to safety.

³ª´Â, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À» º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î µû¸£±â Àü¿¡, ½ÉÁö¾î ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÔ¿¡ À־ ³ª È¥ÀÚÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÆÄ¸ê¿¡¼­ ³ªÀÇ »îÀ» ±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³»°¡ ÇÒ ÀÏÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °Í ¸»°í´Â ¾øÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº ÇǽÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®À» ¹ß°ßÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ȰȰ Ÿ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Å»ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾ø´Â °Í°úµµ °°´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

I believe that the life I lived in accord with the world's teaching was tormenting, and that only life in accord with Christ's teaching gives me in this world the welfare the Father of life intended for me.

³ª´Â, ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¶ó¼­ »ì¾Ò´ø »îÀº ±«·Î¿üÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£´Â »îÀÌ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ »îÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ³»°Ô ÀǵµÇÏ´Â ÇູÀ» ³»°Ô Áشٴ °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

I believe that this teaching confers blessedness on all humanity, saves me from inevitable destruction, and gives me here the greatest possible welfare. Therefore I cannot but accept it.

³ª´Â, ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¸ðµç Àηù¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» ÁÖ°í, ³ª¸¦ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÆÄ¸ê·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸¿øÇØÁÖ¸ç, ±×¸®°í Áö»ó¿¡¼­ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÇູÀ» Áشٴ °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.

'The law was given by Moses; grace and truth came by Jesus Christ' (John i. 17). Christ's teach¡©ing is welfare and truth. Formerly, not knowing the truth, I did not know welfare. Mistaking evil for good I fell into evil and doubted the rightness of my strivings after goodness. Now I have under¡©stood and believed that the goodness towards which I strove is the will of the Father and the most legitimate essence of my life.

¡®À²¹ýÀº ¸ð¼¼·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ÁֽаÍÀÌ¿ä, Çູ°ú Áø¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ ±×¸®½ºµµ·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ¿Â °ÍÀ̴϶ó¡¯(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 1Àå 17Àý) ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº Çູ°ú Áø¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â °ú°Å¿¡µµ Áø¸®¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î Çູµµ ¸øÇß´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾ÇÀ» ¼±ÀÌ¶ó º¸°í ¾Ç¿¡ ºüÁ³À¸¸ç, ÇູÀ» ã´Â ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÀǽÉÇß¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦¾ß ³»°¡ ¿­¸ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¼±ÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀ̸ç, ³ªÀÇ »îÀÇ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ½ÇÀç¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϰí, ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

Christ has said to me: Live for goodness, but do not trust those snares () which, tempting you with a simulacrum of what is good, deprive you of goodness and trap you into evil. Your welfare lies in your unity with all men; evil is the infringe¡©ment of that unity of the son of man. Do not de¡©prive yourself of that welfare which is given you.

±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³»°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù: ¼±À» À§ÇØ »ì¶ó, ±×·¯³ª À¯È¤µé()À» ¹ÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ±×°ÍµéÀº, ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸ð¹æÇÏ¿© ³Ê¸¦ À¯È¤Çϰí, ³Ê¿¡°Ô¼­ ¼±À» »©¾ÑÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¾Ç¿¡ °É·Áµé°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ÊÀÇ ÇູÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷°úÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù; ¾ÇÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé°úÀÇ ±×·± ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ±úÆ®¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³Ê¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø ÇູÀ» ÀÒ¾î ¹ö¸®Áö ¸»¶ó.

Christ has shown me that the unity of the son of man, the love of men among themselves, is not, as it formerly seemed to me, an aim towards which people should strive, but that this unity, this love of men among one another, is their natural con¡©dition, in which children are born according to Christ's words and in which all men live until this condition is infringed by fraud, error, or temptation.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé°úÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡´Â, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼­·Î »ç¶ûÇÔÀº, °ú°Å¿¡ ³»°Ô ´À²¸Áö´ø °Íó·³, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ãß±¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÌ·± ÀÏÄ¡´Â, ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼­·Î »ç¶ûÇÔÀº, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ »óÅÂÀ̸ç, ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Å¾¸ç, ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± »óŰ¡ ±â¸¸, ¿À·ù ¶Ç´Â À¯È¤¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÆÄ±«µÉ ¶§±îÁö ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³»°Ô º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

But Christ not only showed me that; he clearly, beyond possibility of error, enumerated for me in his commandments all the temptations which had deprived me of that natural condition of unity, love, and blessedness and had drawn me into evil. The commands of Christ give me the means of salvation from the temptations which have deprived me of my welfare, and therefore I cannot but believe in those commandments.

±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ À̰͸¸ ³ª¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁØ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; ¸ðµç ¿À·ùÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ¿© ¸í¹éÇϰÔ, ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀÏÄ¡, »ç¶û, ±×¸®°í Çູ°ú °°Àº ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ ¾Ñ¾Æ°¡°í ³ª¸¦ ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ¹Ð¾î³ÖÀº ¸ðµç À¯È¤µéÀ», ±×ÀÇ °è¸í ¾È¿¡¼­ ³ª¿¡°Ô Çϳª¾¿ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸í·ÉµéÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¡¹ö¸° À¯È¤µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸¿øÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁØ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °è¸íµéÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

I was given the blessing of life, and I myself ruined it. Christ by his commandments showed me the temptations through which I ruin my happi¡©ness and therefore I cannot continue to do what ruins it. In that and in that alone is my whole belief.

³ª´Â »îÀÇ ÇູÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«Çß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ±×ÀÇ °è¸íµé·Î¼­ ³»°¡ ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â À¯È¤µéÀ» ³»°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌÁ¡¿¡, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡ ³ªÀÇ Àüü ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

Christ showed me that the first temptation which destroys the good of life is enmity, anger against other men. I cannot but believe this, and therefore can no longer deliberately bear ill-will to others; I cannot, as I used to do formerly, take pleasure in my anger, be proud of it, inflame it, and justify it by considering myself important and wise and other people insignificant, lost, and senseless. I can now no longer, at the first indication that I am giving way to anger, fail to acknowledge that I alone am guilty and to seek reconciliation with those who strive against me.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »îÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â Á¦ 1ÀÇ À¯È¤Àº Áõ¿À, Áï ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ³ëÀÓÀ», ³»°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´õ ÀÌ»ó °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀǸ¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â, °ú°Å¿¡ ±×·¨´ø °Íó·³, ³ªÀÇ ºÐ³ë¸¦ Áñ°Å¿öÇϰí, ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·¯¿ö Çϸç, ±×°Í¿¡ ºÒÀ» ºÙÀ̸ç, ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Áß¿äÇϰí ÁöÇý·Î¿ì¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇÏÂú°í, ¸ÁÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù°í ¿©±èÀ¸·Î½á, ±×°ÍÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ÀÌ»ó, ³»°¡ ºÐ³ë¿¡ ±¼º¹Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À³¢ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ¿ÀÁ÷ ³»°¡ À¯Á˶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÃÀÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ³ª¿¡°Ô ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé°ú È­ÇØ¸¦ ±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

But that is not enough. If I now know that my anger is an unnatural condition, harmful for me, I also know what temptation brings me to it. That temptation consists in the fact that I have separated myself from other people, considering only some of them to be my equals and all the rest to be mere ciphers, not real men () or stupid and un¡©educated (irrational). I now see that this separa¡©tion of myself from others and this estimation of others, as raca and senseless, was the chief cause of my enmity against men. Remembering my former life I now see that I never allowed my hostile feel¡©ing to flame up against those I considered to be my superiors and never insulted them, but that the smallest action that was unpleasant to me from a man I considered beneath me provoked my anger and caused me to insult him, and the more I thought myself above such a man the more ready was I to insult him; sometimes the mere imagination of the inferiority of a man's position caused me to insult him. Now I remember that that man alone is superior to others who humbles himself before others and is the servant of all. I now understand why that which is exalted among men is an abomination before God, and why woe befalls the rich and famous and the poor and humble are blessed.

±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ Áö±Ý ³ªÀÇ ºÐ³ë°¡ ºñÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ̰í ÇØ·Ó´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¾î¶² À¯È¤ÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ºÐ³ë¿¡ À̸£°Ô ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾È´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ À¯È¤Àº ³»°¡, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ¸î ¸í¸¸ ³ª¿Í °°Àº ÀÚÀÌ¸ç ¸ðµç ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÇÏÂúÀº ÀÚµéÀ̸ç, ¸ê¸ÁÇÑ ÀÚµé(), ¶Ç´Â ¾î¸®¼®°í ¹«ÁöÇÑ(ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÎ) ÀÚµé·Î ¿©±â¸é¼­, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ±¸º°Çß´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, raca ¹× ¾î¸®¼®´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â, ³ª¿Í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ±¸º° ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± Æò°¡°¡ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ Áõ¿ÀÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿øÀÎÀ̾úÀ½À» ¾È´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÀÌÀüÀÇ »îÀ» ±â¾ïÇØ º¸°í¼­ ´ÙÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ³ªº¸´Ù ¿ì¿ùÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â °áÄÚ ³ªÀÇ Àû´ëÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤ÀÌ Å¸¿À¸£µµ·Ï ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç °áÄÚ ±×µéÀ» ¸ð¿åÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ³ªº¸´Ù ¿­µîÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼­ ºÒÄèÇÏ°Ô ´À³¢´Â Áö±ØÈ÷ »ç¼ÒÇÑ ÇàÀ§´Â ³ªÀÇ ºÐ³ë¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿Í¼­ ±×¸¦ ¸ð¿åÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ³»°¡ ±×·± »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ¿ì¿ùÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ³ª´Â ´õ¿í ½±»ç¸® ±×µé ¸ð¿åÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ¶§·Î´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁöÀ§°¡ ¿­µîÇÏ´Ù´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ó»ó¸¸À¸·Î ³ª·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×¸¦ ¸ð¿åÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ³·Ãß¸ç ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¾À̵Ǵ ±×·± »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ³ôÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ¿Ö »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ³ôÀÓÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀº Çϳª´Ô ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â Çø¿À½º·¯¿î °ÍÀ̸ç, ¿Ö ºÎÀÚµé°ú À¯¸íÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀúÁÖ°¡ ³»¸®¸ç, °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú °â¼ÕÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇູÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù.

Only now do I understand this and believe it, and this belief has changed my whole appreciation of what is good and lofty and what is bad and mean in life. All that formerly appeared to me good and lofty- honors, fame, education, riches, the com¡©plexity and refinement of life and of its surround¡©ings, food, dress, and outward manners- all this has become for me bad and mean; while peasant life, obscurity, poverty, roughness, simplicity of surroundings, food, dress, and manners, has all become for me good and noble. And therefore if, knowing all this, I still in moments of forgetfulness yield to anger and insult my brother-man, yet when calm I can no longer yield to that temptation of placing myself above my fellows which deprives me of my true welfare, unity, and love, just as a man cannot reset for himself a trap into which he has formerly fallen and which nearly destroyed him. Now I cannot participate in anything that would outwardly place me above others, separating me from them; I cannot as formerly recognize, either for myself or for others, any titles, ranks, or dis¡©tinctions, beyond claiming to be a man; I cannot seek for fame or praise; I cannot seek such know¡©ledge as would separate me from others, and cannot but seek to free myself from my wealth which separated me from others, and I cannot in my life and its surroundings, in food, clothing, and external manners, fail to seek for all that will not divide me from, but unite me with, the majority of men.

¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌÁ¦¾ß ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¹ÏÀ½Àº »î¿¡ À־ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¼±ÀÌ¸ç °í±ÍÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¾ÇÀÌ¸ç ºñõÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ Àüü ÀÌÇØ¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¼±ÇÏ°í °í±ÍÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´ø ¸ðµç °Í- Á¸°æ, ¸í¿¹, ±³À°, ºÎ, »îÀÇ ±× ȯ°æÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÔ°ú ¼¼·Ã¹Ì, À½½Ä, ÀǺ¹, ±×¸®°í ¿ÜÀûÀΠŵµµé- ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ³»°Ô À־ ¾ÇÇÏ¸ç ºñõÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¯Çß´Ù; ÇÑÆí, ³óºÎ·Î¼­ÀÇ »î, ÇÏÂúÀº °Í, ºó°ï, ¼¼·ÃµÇÁö ¸øÇÑ °Í, ȯ°æ, À½½Ä, ÀǺ¹, ±×¸®°í ŵµµéÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÔÀº, ³»°Ô À־ ¸ðµÎ ´Ù ¼±ÇÏ°í °í±ÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼­, ³»°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸Á°¢ÀÇ ¼ø°£¿¡ ºÐ³ë¸¦ À̱âÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ³ªÀÇ µ¿Æ÷µéÀ» ¸ð¿åÇÑ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³ÃÁ¤ÇÑ ¼ø°£¿¡´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ ÂüµÈ Çູ, È­ÇÕ ±×¸®°í »ç¶ûÀ» ¾Ñ¾Æ°¡´Â ³ªÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µé º¸´Ù ³ª¸¦ À§¿¡ µÎ·Á´Â À¯È¤¿¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±¼º¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ °ú°Å¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ºüÁ®¼­ °ÅÀÇ ÆÄ¸êÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´ø ÇÔÁ¤¿¡ ´Ù½Ã °É·Áµé ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ³ª´Â, ³ª¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ±¸º°ÇÏ¿©, ¸í¹éÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ùµµ À§¿¡ µÎ·Á´Â ¾î¶² °Í¿¡µµ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â °ú°Åó·³ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©, »ç¶÷ÀÓÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÔ ¿Ü¿¡´Â, ¾î¶² Á÷ÇÔµé, Á÷À§µé, ¶Ç´Â ¸í¿¹¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â ³ª¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú ±¸º°ÇÏ´Â ±×·± Áö½ÄÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ±¸º°ÇØÁÖ´Â ³ªÀÇ ºÎ¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áö·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â, ³ªÀÇ »î°ú ±× ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­, À½½Ä, ÀǺ¹, ±×¸®°í ¿ÜÀûÀΠŵµµé¿¡¼­, ³ª¸¦ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé°ú ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µé°ú ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

Christ has shown me that another snare ruining my welfare is lustfulness- that is to say, desire for another woman and not for her with whom I have united. I cannot but believe this, and therefore cannot, as I used to, consider adulterous lust a natural and noble quality in a man. I cannot justify it to myself by my love of beauty, by being enamored, or by defects in my wife. I cannot but recognize, at the first intimation that I am yielding to adulterous desire, that I am in an unhealthy and unnatural state, or fail to seek for all the means which can free me from that evil.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â Á¦ 2ÀÇ À¯È¤Àº °£À½- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ³ª¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å¸Á- À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ³»°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ÀÌÀüó·³ °£À½ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¿å¸ÁÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÌ¸ç °í»óÇÑ Ç°¼ºÀ̶ó°í ¿©±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ·± ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹Ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û, Á¤¿­ÀûÀΠüÁú, ³ªÀÇ ¾Æ³»ÀÇ °áÇÔÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô Á¤´çÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â, ³»°¡ °£À½ÀÇ ¿å¸Á¿¡ ±¼º¹Çϰí ÀÖÀ½À» ´À³¢´Â ¼ø°£¿¡, ³»°¡ °Ç°­ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¸ç ºñÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ³ª¸¦ ±×·± ¾ÇÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¼ö´ÜµéÀ» ãÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

But knowing now that adulterous lust harms me, I also know the temptation which formerly led me into it, and therefore I cannot serve it; I now know that the chief cause of temptation is not that people cannot refrain from fornication, but that most men and women have been deserted by those with whom they first came together. I now know that every desertion of a man or woman by him or her with whom they first had connexion is that very divorce which Christ forbids; because the husbands and wives abandoned by their first mates cause all the depravity in the world. Remembering what it was that led me into lechery, I now see that, besides the barbarous education by which the lust of fornica¡©tion in me was physically and mentally inflamed and was excused by all sorts of subtleties, the chief snare that entangled me arose from my having abandoned the first woman with whom I had con¡©nexion, and the condition of women who had been abandoned and who surrounded me. I now see that the chief strength of the temptation was not in my lust, but in the fact that my lust and that of the women who had been deserted and who surrounded me was unsatisfied. I now understand the words of Christ: God at first created man, male and female, so that the two were one, and therefore man may not and should not divide that which God hath joined. I now understand that monogamy is the natural law of humanity which must not be in¡©fringed. I now fully understand the saying that whoso divorceth his wife (i.e. the woman with whom he has first come together) for another, causes her to become dissolute and brings fresh evil into the world to his own detriment. I believe this, and that belief alters my whole former valuation of what is good and lofty and what is bad and mean in life. What formerly seemed to me the best- a refined, elegant life, with passionate and poetic love, ex¡©tolled by all the poets and artists- all this has come to appear to me bad and repulsive. On the con¡©trary, what seems to me good is a laborious, frugal, rough life which moderates the lusts. High and important seems to me, not so much the human institution of marriage affixing the external seal of legality on a certain union of a man and woman, as the union itself of any man and woman, which once it has been accomplished cannot be infringed with¡©out infringing the will of God. If I may even now in a moment of forgetfulness yield to adulterous desire, I can at any rate no longer (knowing the temptation which led me into that evil) serve it as I did formerly. I cannot desire and seek for physical idleness and a life of repletion which inflamed in me excessive desire; I cannot seek those amusements which inflame amatory lust- novels, verses, music, theatres, and balls, which formerly seemed to me not merely harmless but very noble amusements. I cannot leave my wife, knowing that leaving her is the first snare for me, for her, and for others; I cannot take part in the idle life of repletion led by others, I cannot take part in or promote those lustful amusements, novels, theatres, operas, balls, &c which serve as a snare for me and for others. I cannot encourage unmarried life for people who are ripe for marriage; I cannot be a party to the separation of husbands and wives; I cannot make distinctions between unions called marriages and those not so called; I cannot but consider holy and obligatory only the first marital Union which a man has formed.

±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ °£À½ÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ÇØ·Ó°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼­, ³ª´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ª¸¦ ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ÀεµÇÏ¿´´ø À¯È¤À» ¾È´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ±×°Í¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ À¯È¤ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ÀÌÀ¯´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °£À½À» ÀÚÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³²ÀÚµé°ú ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ Ã³À½ ÇÔ²²ÇÑ ¹è¿ìÀڵ鿡°Ô¼­ ¹ö¸²¹Þ¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ã³À½ °áÇÕÇÏ¿´´ø ³²ÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â ÀÌÈ¥ÀÓÀ» ¾È´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ù¹øÂ° ¹è¿ìÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼­ ¹ö·ÁÁø ³²Æíµé°ú ¾Æ³»µéÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Ÿ¶ôÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ³ª¸¦ ¹æÅÁÇÔÀ¸·Î À̲ö °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ±â¾ïÇÏ°í¼­, ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ³ªÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡ °£À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å¸ÁÀÌ À°Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î °¨¿°µÇ°Ô ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, °®°¡Áö ±³¹¦ÇÑ Áö½Äµé·Î¼­ ±¸½ÇÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ´ø ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ±³À° ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ³ª¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀÎ ÁÖµÈ À¯È¤Àº ³ª¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ Ã¹Â° ¿©ÀÚÀÇ Æ÷±â ±×¸®°í ¹ö·ÁÁ®¼­ ³ªÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿©ÀÚµéÀÇ »óźÎÅÍ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ À¯È¤ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ÈûÀº ³ªÀÇ ¿å¸Á¿¡ ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ªÀÇ ¿å¸Á°ú ¹ö·ÁÁ®¼­ ³ªÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿©ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀÌ ¸¸Á·µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù: ¡®Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ Àΰ£À» ¸¸µé ¶§ ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î À强ÇÏ¿© ºÎ¸ðÀ» ¶°³ª ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¸ÂÀÌÇÒ °ÍÀ̴϶ó. ÀÌÁ¦ µÑÀº ÇÑ ¸öÀ̴϶ó. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ Â¦Áö¾î ÁֽаáÇÕÀ» Àΰ£ÀÌ ³ª´­ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À̴϶ó.¡¯ ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ÀϺÎÀÏóÁ¦´Â ÀηùÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬Àû ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ¸ç ±úÆ®¸± ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ´©±¸¶óµµ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»(Áï, ±×°¡ óÀ½ ÇÔ²²ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ)¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±×³à°¡ ¹æÁ¾ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¸ç ¼¼»ó¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¾ÇÀ» °¡Á®¿Í¼­ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇØ·Ó°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±íÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ °ú°Å¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¼±ÀÌ¸ç °í±ÍÇÑ °ÍÀΰ¡ ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¾ÇÀÌ°í ºñõÇÑ °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ Æò°¡¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³»°Ô À־ ÃÖ¼±À̶ó°í ´À²¸Áö´ø °Í- ¸ðµç ½ÃÀεé°ú ¿¹¼ú°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Âù¾çµÇ´ø ¼¼·ÃµÇ°í ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ »î, Á¤¿­ÀûÀÌ¸ç ½ÃÀûÀÎ »ç¶û- ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ³»°Ô À־ ¾ÇÇϸç Çø¿À½º·¯¿ö º¸ÀδÙ. ¹Ý´ë·Î, ³ª¿¡°Ô ¼±ÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Áö´Â °ÍÀº Á¤¿åÀ» ÀýÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ±Ù¸éÇϰí, °Ë¼ÒÇϸç, ¼Ò¹ÚÇÑ »îÀÌ´Ù. ³ª¿¡°Ô °í±ÍÇϰí Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Áö´Â °ÍÀº, ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ °áÇÕ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Àû¹ý¼ºÀÇ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ °áÈ¥Á¦µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¾î¶² ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚÀÇ °áÇÕ ±× ÀÚüÀ̸ç, ÇÑ ¹ø ¸Î¾îÁö¸é Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» °Å¿ªÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í´Â ÆÄ±«µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ½ÉÁö¾î ¸Á°¢ÀÇ ¼ø°£¿¡ °£À½ÀÇ ¿å¸Á¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈúÁö¶óµµ, ³ª´Â ¾î·µç ´õ ÀÌ»ó(³ª¸¦ ±×·± ¾ÇÀ¸·Î À̲ö À¯È¤À» ¾Ë°í¼­´Â) ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×·¨´ø °Íó·³ ±×·± ¿å¸ÁÀÇ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ³»¸é¿¡¼­ °úµµÇÑ ¿å¸ÁÀ» Ÿ¿À¸£°Ô ÇÏ´Â À°Ã¼ÀûÀÎ °ÔÀ¸¸§À̳ª »çÄ¡½º·¯¿î »îÀ» ¹Ù¶ó°Å³ª Ãß±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â È£»öÀûÀÎ Á¤¿åÀ» Ÿ¿À¸£°Ô ÇÏ´Â ±×·± ¿À¶ôµé- ¼Ò¼³µé, ½Ãµé, À½¾Ç, ±ØÀå, ±×¸®°í ¹«µµÈ¸, À̰͵éÀº ÀÌÀüÀÇ ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ÇØ·Î¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸Å¿ì °í»óÇÑ ¿À¶ôµéÀ̾úÁö¸¸- À» Ãß±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×³à¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ³ª¿¡°Ô, ±×³à¿¡°Ô, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Ä¿´Ù¶õ À¯È¤ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿µÀ§ÇÏ´Â »çÄ¡½º·¯¿ì¸ç °ÔÀ¸¸¥ »î¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â Á¤¿åÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ¸ç ³ª¿Í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À¯È¤À¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿À¶ôµé, ¼Ò¼³µé, ±ØÀåµé, ¿ÀÆä¶óµé, ¹«µµÈ¸µé, ¹× ±âŸÀÇ °Íµé¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â °áÈ¥ Àû·É±â¿¡ À̸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹ÌÈ¥ÀÇ »îÀ» Àå·ÁÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â ³²Æíµé°ú ¾Æ³»µéÀÇ À̺°¿¡ ÆíÀ» µé ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â °áÈ¥À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °áÇÕµé°ú ±×·¸°Ô ºÒ·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â °áÇÕµé »çÀ̸¦ ±¸º°ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¸µç ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °áÈ¥¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °áÇÕÀ» ½Å¼ºÇϸç Àǹ«ÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±âÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

Christ has shown me that a third temptation ruining my welfare is the temptation of the oath. I cannot but believe this, and therefore cannot now, as I did formerly, myself take an oath to anyone or about anything, and I cannot now, as I did for¡©merly, justify myself for taking an oath by saying that it does no one any harm, that everybody does it, that it is necessary for the State, or that it will be worse for me and for others if I refuse this demand. I now know that it is an evil for me and for others, and I cannot do it.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â Á¦ 3ÀÇ À¯È¤ÀÌ ¸Í¼¼ÀÇ À¯È¤ÀÓÀ» ³ª¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌÁ¦, ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×·¨´ø °Íó·³, ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀº ¾î´À ´©±¸³ª ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, °ú°Å¿¡ ±×·¨µíÀÌ, ¸Í¼¼´Â ¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ ÇØ¸¦ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ´©±¸³ª ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù, ¸Í¼¼´Â ±¹°¡¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¾Æ´Ï, ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù¸é ³ª¿Í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ´õ¿í ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¸»Çϸ鼭, ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ¸Í¼¼´Â ³ª¿Í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

But not only do I know this, I now also know the temptation which led me into that evil, and I can¡©not serve it. I know that the deception consists in this, that people promise in advance to obey what some man or some men order; whereas man must never obey anyone but God. I now know that the most terrible evils in the world by their results, are murders in war, imprisonments, executions, and tortures, which are performed thanks only to this temptation whereby responsibility is lifted from those who commit the evil. Remembering many and many evils which made me blame and dislike people, I now see that they were all caused by the oath- the acknowledgement of an obligation to submit oneself to the will of others. I now under¡©stand the meaning of the words: Whatever is more than a simple assertion or denial, 'Yes' or 'No', all that is beyond that, every promise given in advance, is evil. Understanding this, I believe that the oath ruins my welfare and that of others, and this belief changes my valuation of what is good and evil, lofty and mean. All that formerly seemed to be good and lofty, the duty of loyalty to the Govern¡©ment confirmed by an oath of allegiance, the ex¡©tortion of such oaths from others, and all actions contrary to conscience performed under the in¡©fluence of such oaths- all this now appears to me both bad and mean. And therefore I cannot now any longer depart from Christ's command which forbids the oath. I cannot any longer swear to any¡©one, or compel others to swear, or take part in making other people either themselves swear or compel others to swear, and I cannot look upon the oath as either valuable or necessary, or even in¡©nocuous as many suppose it to be.

±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¶ÇÇÑ, ³ª¸¦ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¾ÇÀ¸·Î À̲ö À¯È¤µéÀ» ¾È´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°Í¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ±â¸¸ÀÌ ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À̳ª ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¹Á¾ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¾à¼ÓÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº Çϳª´Ô ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ °áÄÚ º¹Á¾ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¹«¼­¿î ¾ÇµéÀº, ÀüÀï, Åõ¿Áµé, »çÇüµé, ±×¸®°í °í¹®µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ìÀεéÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀº Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ¾ÇÀ» ÀúÁö¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ Àü°¡µÇ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸Í¼¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯È¤À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³»°¡ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºñ³­Çϰí Çø¿ÀÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº ¾ÇµéÀ» ±â¾ïÇØº¸¸é, ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¸Í¼¼- ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿¡ ¸Ã±â°Ú´Ù´Â Àǹ«ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤- °¡ ¿øÀÎÀ̾úÀ½À» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù: ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±àÁ¤ ¶Ç´Â ºÎÁ¤, ¡®¿¹¡¯ ¶Ç´Â ¡®¾Æ´Ï¿À¡¯ ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö, ±×°ÍÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº, »çÀü¿¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¾à¼ÓÀº, ¾ÇÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϸ鼭, ³ª´Â ¸Í¼¼°¡ ³ªÀÇ Çູ°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÆÄ±«Çϸç, ÀÌ·± ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ¼±°ú ¾Ç, ±×¸®°í °í±ÍÇÑ °Í°ú õÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ °¡Ä¡°üÀ» º¯È­½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡ ¼±ÇÏ°í °í±ÍÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Á³´ø ¸ðµç °Í- Ãæ¼ºÀÇ ¸Í¼¼·Î¼­ È®ÀεǴ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ¼ºÀÇ Àǹ«, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸Í¼¼µéÀÇ °­¿ä, ±×¸®°í ±×·± ¸Í¼¼µéÀÇ ¿µÇâ¾Æ·¡¼­ ÇàÇØÁö´Â ¾ç½É¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µé- ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç õÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¸Í¼¼Çϰųª, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸Í¼¼Ç϶ó°í °­¿äÇϰųª, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ¸Í¼¼Çϵµ·Ï Çϰųª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Í¼¼Çϵµ·Ï °­¿äÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â ÀÏ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¸Í¼¼¸¦, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, °¡Ä¡°¡ Àְųª ÇÊ¿äÇϴٰųª, ¶Ç´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ÇØ·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¿©±â°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

Christ has shown me that a fourth temptation depriving me of welfare is that of resisting evil by means of violence applied to other people. I can¡©not but believe that this is an evil to me and to others and therefore I cannot consciously employ it, and cannot, as I used to, justify this evil on the ground that it is necessary for my defense and for that of others; nor can I now, at the first reminder that I am committing violence, do other than re¡©frain from it and stop it.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â Á¦ 4ÀÇ À¯È¤ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Æø·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾Ç¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ³»°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î Æø·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×·¨µíÀÌ, ³ª¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹æ¾îÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ À̰ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀÌ·± ¾ÇÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ¾Æ´Ï ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ³»°¡ Æø·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» óÀ½ ´À³¢´Â ¼ø°£, ±×°ÍÀ» ÁßÁöÇϰí Á¾½Ä½ÃŰ´Â ÀÏ ¸»°í´Â ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

But not only do I know this, I now also know the snare which led me into this evil. I now know that that temptation consists in the delusion that my life can be secured by defending myself and my pro¡©perty from other people.

±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¶ÇÇÑ, ³ª¸¦ ÀÌ·± ¾ÇÀ¸·Î À̲ô´Â À¯È¤À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ÀÌ·± À¯È¤Àº ³ªÀÇ »îÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª ÀڽŰú ³ªÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÔÀ¸·Î½á º¸ÀåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ±×¸©µÈ »ý°¢¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù.

I now know that a large part of the ills of man¡©kind proceeds from the fact that instead of doing work for one another, men not only do not do so, but they deprive themselves of work and seize by violence the work of others. Remembering now all the evil I have done to myself and to others and all the evil that the others did, I see that a large part of that evil proceeded from the fact that we considered it possible to secure and improve our lives by defending them. I also now understand the words: Man is born not that others may work for him, but that he should work for others; and also the meaning of the words: the laborer is worthy of his subsistence. I now believe that my welfare and that of other people is only possible when each one labors not for himself but for others, and not only ceases to withhold his work from others but gives it to anyone who needs it. This belief has changed my valuation of what is good and evil and mean. All that formerly seemed to me good and lofty- riches, property of all kinds, honors, con¡©sciousness of one's own dignity and rights, has all become evil and mean; while all that seemed to me evil and mean- work done for others, poverty, humiliation, renunciation of all property and all rights- has become good and lofty in my eyes. If now I may, in moments of forgetfulness, be tempted to use violence to defend myself and others, or my own or other people's property, I can at any rate no longer calmly and consciously serve this tempta¡©tion which ruins me and others, and cannot acquire property. I cannot employ any kind of physical force against anyone except a child, and then only in order to save it from immediately impending danger. I cannot take part in any Governmental activity that has for its aim the defense of people and their property by violence; I cannot be a judge or take part in trials, or be an official, or serve in any Government office; nor can I help others to take part in law-courts and Government offices.

³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ÀηùÀÇ ºÒÇàÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µé ½º½º·Î°¡ ³ëµ¿À» Æ÷±âÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î »©¾Ñ´Â´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ³»°¡ ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÑ ¸ðµç ¾Ç°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇàÇÑ ¸ðµç ¾ÇµéÀ» ±â¾ïÇϸ鼭, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¾ÇÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ »îµéÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îµéÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ¸ç °³¼±ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌÁ¦, ÀÌ ¸»À» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù: »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇϱâ À§ÇØ Å¾´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ¸»ÀÇ ¶æµµ ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù: ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀ» ¸ÔÀ» °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ³ªÀÇ Çູ°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇູÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Á¦°¢±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ³ëµ¿Çϸç, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Æ³¢±â¸¦ ±×¸¸µÑ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°ÔµçÁö ÁÙ ¶§ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ °Í ±×¸®°í ¾ÇÇÑ °Í ±×¸®°í õÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ °¡Ä¡±âÁØÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¼±ÇÏ¸ç °í±ÍÇÏ´Ù°í ´À²¸Áö´ø ¸ðµç °Í- ºÎÀ¯ÇÔ, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Àç»ê, ¸í¿¹, ½º½º·ÎÀÇ À§¾ö°ú ±Ç¸®µé- Àº µµµÎ ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç õÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù; ÇÑÆí ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÇϸç õÇÏ´Ù°í ´À²¸Áö´ø ¸ðµç °Í- ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ³ëµ¿, ºó°ï, °â¼Õ, ¸ðµç Àç»ê°ú ¸ðµç ±Ç¸®ÀÇ Æ÷±â- Àº ³ªÀÇ ´«¿¡ ¼±ÇÏ¸ç °í±ÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌÁ¦ ³»°¡, ¸Á°¢ÀÇ ¼ø°£¿¡, ³ª ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé, ¶Ç´Â ³ª ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ¹æ¾îÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Æø·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï À¯È¤À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³ª´Â ¾î·µç ´õ ÀÌ»ó Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ±×¸®°í ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÆÄ¸ê½ÃŰ´Â ÀÌ·± À¯È¤¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, Àç»êÀ» Çü¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°ÔµçÁö ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ ½ÅüÀû Æø·Âµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ´Ù¸¸, ¿ÀÁ÷ Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÚÃÄ¿À´Â À§ÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¸°À̸¦ ±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀ̳ª ±×µéÀÇ Àç»êÀÇ ¹æ¾î¸¦ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÂ÷¿øÀÇ ¾î¶² Ȱµ¿¿¡µµ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â ¹ý°üÀÌ µÇ°Å³ª ÀçÆÇ¿¡ Âü¿©Çϰųª °ø¹«¿øÀÌ µÇ°Å³ª Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á÷Ã¥¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀçÆÇÀ̳ª Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á÷Ã¥¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

Christ showed me that the fifth temptation which deprives me of welfare is the separation we make of our own from other nations. I cannot but believe this, and therefore if in a moment of forgetfulness feelings of enmity towards a man of another nation may arise within me, yet in my calm moments I can no longer fail to acknowledge that feeling to be a false one, and I cannot justify myself, as I used to do, by claiming the superiority of my own people to others, basing this on the errors, cruelties, and barbarities of another nation, nor can I, at the first reminder of this, fail to try to be more friendly to a foreigner than to a compatriot.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ ÇູÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¡´Â Á¦ 5ÀÇ À¯È¤Àº ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Â÷À̸¦ µÎ´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ³»°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ ¸Á°¢ÀÇ ¼ø°£¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ »ç¶÷À» ÇâÇÑ Áõ¿ÀÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀÌ ³ªÀÇ ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³»°¡ ³ÃÁ¤À» ãÀº ¼ø°£¿¡´Â ³ª´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±×·± °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¿ÇÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀÓÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â, ÀÌÀüó·³, ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·µé º¸´Ùµµ ¿ì¿ùÇÔÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, À̷μ­ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ¿À·ùµé, ÀÜÀÎÇÔµé, ±×¸®°í ¾ß¸¸¼ºµéÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ª´Â, ÀÌ·± Â÷À̸¦ ´À³¢·Á ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, µ¿Æ÷º¸´Ù ¿Ü±¹Àο¡°Ô ´õ¿í Ä£ÀýÇØ Áö·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

But not only do I now know that my separation from other nations is an evil ruining my welfare, but I also know the temptation that led me into that evil, and I can no longer, as I did formerly, con¡©sciously and quietly serve it. I know that that temptation lies in the delusion that my welfare is bound up only with that of the people of my own nation, and not with that of all the peoples of the earth. I now know that my union with other people cannot be severed by a line of frontier and by Government decrees about my belonging to this or that nation. I now know that all men everywhere are equals and brothers. Remembering now all the evil I have done, suffered, and seen, resulting from the enmity of nations, it is clear to me that the cause of it all lay in the gross fraud called patriotism and love of one's country. Remembering my education I now see that a feeling of hostility to other nations, a feeling of separation from them, was never really natural to me but that all these evil feelings were artificially inoculated into me by an insane education. I now understand the meaning of the words: Do good to your enemies; behave to them as to your own people. You are all children of one Father; so be like your Father, i.e. do not make distinctions between your own people and other peoples; be the same with them all. I now understand that my welfare is only possible if I acknowledge my unity with all the people of the world without exception. I believe this. And that belief has changed my whole valuation of what is good and evil, lofty and mean. What seemed to me good and lofty- love of fatherland, of one's own people, of one's State, and service of it to the detri¡©ment of the welfare of other peoples, the military achievements of men, all this now appears to me repulsive and pitiable. What seemed to me bad and shameful- rejection of fatherland, and cosmopolitanism- now appears to me, on the contrary, good and noble. If now, in a moment of forgetfulness, I can cooperate with a Russian rather than with a foreigner and can desire the success of the Russian State or nation, I can no longer in calm moments serve that temptation which ruins me and other people. I cannot acknowledge any States or nations, cannot take part in the quarrels between nations and States either by writings or (even less) by serving any Government. I cannot take part in all those affairs which are based on the diversity of nations, not in custom-houses and the collection of taxes, nor in the preparation of military stores and ammunition, nor in any activity for creating arma¡©ments, nor in military service, nor (still less) in war itself against other nations- and I cannot help other people to do so.

±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ³»°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·°ú ±¸º°ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â ¾ÇÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ³ª¸¦ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¾ÇÀ¸·Î À̲ô´Â À¯È¤À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â, ³»°¡ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×·¨µíÀÌ, ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í ¹¬¹¬È÷ ±×°ÍÀ» µû¸¦ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·± À¯È¤Àº ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Çູ°ú ÇÔ²² Çϸç, Áö»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Çູ°ú ÇÔ²² ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ±×¸©µÈ »ý°¢¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú ³ªÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀº ±¹°æ¼±°ú ³»°¡ ÀÌ ±¹°¡ ¶Ç´Â Àú ±¹°¡¿¡ ±Í¼ÓµÈ´Ù´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸í·Éµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±ÝÀÌ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­³ª ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº ÆòµîÇϸç ÇüÁ¦¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ¹ÎÁ·µé°£ÀÇ Àû´ë°¨À» ÅëÇØ¼­ ³»°¡ ÇàÇßÀ¸¸ç, °Þ¾ú°í, º¸¾Ò´ø ¸ðµç ¾ÇµéÀ» ±â¾ïÇØº¸´Ï, ±× ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº ¾Ö±¹½É°ú Á¶±¹¾Ö¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¾îó±¸´Ï ¾ø´Â »ç±â¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àû´ë °¨Á¤Àº, ±×µéÀ» Â÷º°ÇÏ´Â °¨Á¤Àº, °áÄÚ Áø½Ç·Î ³»°Ô ÀÚ¿¬½º·± °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¾ÇÇÑ °¨Á¤µéÀº Å͹«´Ï ¾ø´Â ±³À°¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁÖÀԵǾú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ÀÌ ¸»ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¾È´Ù: ³ÊÈñ Àû¿¡°Ô ¼±À» ÇàÇ϶ó; ±×µéÀ» ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·Ã³·³ ´ëÇ϶ó. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¸ðµÎ ÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ÊÈñ ¾Æ¹öÁöó·³ µÇ¶ó, Áï, ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ±¸º°À» µÎÁö ¸»¶ó; ±×µé ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ÆòµîÇÏ°Ô ´ëÇ϶ó. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú ¿¹¿Ü ¾øÀÌ ³ª¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ °Í°ú ¾ÇÇÑ °Í, °í±ÍÇÑ °Í°ú õÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ Àüü °¡Ä¡°üÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù. ³ª¿¡°Ô ¼±ÇÏ¸ç °í±ÍÇÏ´Ù°í ´À²¸Áö´ø °Í- Á¶±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, Àڱ⠹ÎÁ·¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, Àڱ⠱¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÇØÄ¡°Ô ÇÏ´Â ºÀ»ç, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±º»çÀû ¾÷Àû, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ³»°Ô´Â Çø¿À½º·´°í ºÒ½ÖÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÇÏ°í ºÎ²ô·´°Ô ´À²¸Áö´ø °Í- Á¶±¹ÀÇ °ÅºÎ ±×¸®°í ¼¼°èÁÖÀÇ- Àº ÀÌÁ¦ ¹Ý´ë·Î ³»°Ô À־ ¼±ÇÏ¸ç °í»óÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Áø´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌÁ¦ ¸Á°¢ÀÇ ¼ø°£¿¡ ³»°¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ º¸´Ù´Â ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀΰú Çù·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ·¯½Ã¾Æ Á¤ºÎ³ª ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ¼º°ø¸¸À» ¹Ù¶ö ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³ª´Â ³ÃÁ¤ÇÔÀ» ã°Ô µÇ´Â ¼ø°£¿¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ³ª¿Í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÆÄ¸ê½ÃŰ´Â ±×·± À¯È¤¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾î¶² ±¹°¡µéÀ̳ª ¹ÎÁ·µéÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±¹°¡µé °£À̳ª ¹ÎÁ·µé °£ÀÇ ºÐÀï¿¡, ¸»À̳ª ±Û·Î¼­ ¶Ç´Â(½ÉÁö¾î ´õ¿í´õ) ¾î¶² Á¤ºÎ¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦µé- ¼¼°ü, ¼¼±ÝÀÇ Â¡¼ö, ±º»ç¹°Ç°°ú ¹«±âÀÇ ºñÃà, ¹«±â Á¦Á¶¸¦ À§ÇÑ È°µ¿, º´¿ªÀǹ« »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀüÀï ÀÚü (´õ¿í ´õ)±îÁö- ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

I have now understood wherein my welfare lies; I believe in this and therefore cannot do what undoubtedly deprives me of welfare.

³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ³ªÀÇ ÇູÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù; ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÇູÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¡´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

But not only do I believe that I ought to live thus; I also believe that if I live so my life will receive for me the only possible, reasonable, and joyful mean¡©ing indestructible by death.

±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹ÏÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó; ³ª´Â ¶ÇÇÑ, ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ê´Ù¸é ³ªÀÇ »îÀº ³ªÀ» À§Çؼ­ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô °¡´ÉÇϸç, ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̸ç, ±×¸®°í Áñ°Å¿î ±×¸®°í Á×À½¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­µµ ÆÄ±«µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÊÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

I believe my rational life, my light, was only given me in order to shine before men, not by words but by good works, that men may praise the Father (Matt. v. 16). I believe that my life and knowledge of truth is a talent given me to use, and this talent is a fire which is only a fire when it burns. I believe that I am Nineveh in relation to other Jonahs from whom I have learnt and am still learning the truth, but that I too am a Jonah in relation to other Ninevites to whom I must convey the truth. I believe that the sole meaning of my life lies in living by that light which is within me, and in not hiding it under a bushel but holding it high before men that they may see it. And this belief gives me fresh strength to fulfill Christ's teaching, and destroys those hindrances which formerly blocked my path.

³ªÀÇ À̼ºÀûÀÎ »îÀº, Áï ³ªÀÇ ºûÀº, ¸»·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼±ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé·Î¼­, ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡ ºñÃß±â À§Çؼ­, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁö²² ¿µ±¤À» µ¹¸®±â À§Çؼ­(¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 16Àý), ³»°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø °ÍÀÓÀ» ³ª´Â ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ³ªÀÇ »î°ú Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀº »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ³»°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø Àç´ÉÀ̸ç, ÀÌ Àç´ÉÀº ºÒÀ̸ç ÀÌ ºÒÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Ÿ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ºÒÀÓÀ» ³ª´Â ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿ä³ªµé°ú °ü°èÀÖ´Â ´Ï´À¿þ »ç¶÷ÀÌ¸ç ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Áø¸®¸¦ ¹è¿ì°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ ´Ï´À¿þ »ç¶÷µé°ú °ü°èÀÖ´Â ¿ä³ªÀ̸ç, ³ª´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×µé¿¡°Ô Áø¸®¸¦ ÀüÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ª´Â ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ³ªÀÇ »îÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Àǹ̴ ³ªÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »î¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× ºûÀ» ¹ßµî»ó ¾Æ·¡ µÎÁö ¾Ê°í »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡ ³ôÀÌ µé¾î¼­ ±×µéÀÌ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¹ÏÀ½Àº ³»°Ô ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ÈûÀ» ÁÖ¸ç, ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ªÀÇ ±æÀ» ¸·¾Ò´ø Àå¾Ö¹°µéÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÑ´Ù.

The very thing which formerly militated against the truth and practicability of Christ's teaching and drove me away from it- the possibility of priva¡©tions, sufferings, and death, inflicted by those who do not know his teaching- that very thing now confirms for me the truth of the teaching and attracts me to it.

ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Áø¸®¿Í ½ÇÇà°¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹Ý±â¸¦ µé¾ú´ø ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í- ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ±ÃÇÌ, °íÅë, ±×¸®°í Á×À½ÀÇ °¡´É¼º- ¹Ù·Î ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ³ª¿¡°Ô À־ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ È®ÁõÇØ ÁÖ¸ç ³ª¸¦ Áø¸®¿¡ ²ø¾î´ç±ä´Ù.

Christ said, 'When you exalt the son of man you will all be drawn to me', and I felt that I was irresistibly drawn to him. He also said, 'The truth will make you free', and I felt myself completely free.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®³ÊÈñ°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³ôÀÏ ¶§, ³ÊÈñ´Â ¸ðµÎ ³ª¿¡°Ô ²ø¸®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô °­ÇÏ°Ô ²ø¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®Áø¸®°¡ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô Çϸ®´Ï¡¯, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿òÀ» ´À²¼´Ù.

'If a hostile army or wicked people attack me', thought I formerly, 'and I do not defend myself, they will despoil me, shame me, and torment and kill me and my neighbors', and this seemed to me terrible. But now all that formerly disturbed me seems to me joyful and confirms the truth. I now know that I and the enemy and the so-called criminals and robbers are all men, all just sons of man as myself, who love good and hate evil as I do, and who also live on the eve of death as I do, seek¡©ing salvation and with no possibility of finding it except in Christ's teaching. All evil that they do me will be evil for themselves, and therefore they should do me good. If the truth is unknown to them and they do evil considering it good, I know the truth only in order to show it to those who do not know it. But I cannot show it them except by renouncing participation in evil and acknowledging the truth by my actions.

ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ª´Â, ¡®¸¸ÀÏ Àû±ºÀ̳ª »ç¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³ª¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÔ¿¡µµ ³»°¡ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ³ª¸¦ ¾àÅ»Çϰí, ³ª¿¡°Ô ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ÁÖ¸ç, ³ª¿Í ³ªÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô »ç¶÷µéÀ» °í¹®Çϰí Á×ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,¡¯¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº ³»°Ô ¹«¼·°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ³ª¸¦ °ï¶õ½º·´°Ô ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ³»°Ô À־ Áñ°Ì°Ô ´À²¸Áö¸ç Áø¸®¸¦ È®ÁõÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦, ³ª ±×¸®°í Àû ±×¸®°í ¼ÒÀ§ ¹üÁËÀÚµé°ú °­µµµéÀº ¸ðµÎ »ç¶÷µéÀ̸ç, ¸ðµÎ ´Ù ¹Ù·Î ³ªÃ³·³ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̸ç, ±×µéÀº ³ªÃ³·³ ¼±À» »ç¶ûÇÏ°í ¾ÇÀ» ¹Ì¿öÇϸç, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀº ³ªÃ³·³ Á×À½À» Á÷¸éÇÏ°í »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±¸¿øÀ» ã°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿Ü¿¡´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ãÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀº ±×µé Àڽſ¡°Ôµµ ¾ÇÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô ¼±À» ÇàÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Áø¸®°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀÌ ¾ÇÀ» ¼±À̶ó°í ¿©±â¸é¼­ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áø¸®¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ±â À§ÇÏ¿© Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Ç¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ» Æ÷±âÇÔ°ú ³ªÀÇ ÇൿÀ¸·Î¼­ Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÔÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í¼­´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ±×µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿© ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

'Enemies will come: Germans, Turks, savages, and if you do not fight they will slaughter you!' That is not true. If there were a society of Christians doing no harm to anyone and giving the whole surplus of their work to others, no enemies- neither Germans, nor Turks, nor savages- would kill and torture such people. They would take for them¡©selves all that those people (for whom no distinction existed between Russians, Germans, Turks, or savages) were in any case giving away. If Christians are living in a non-Christian society which defends itself by war, and the Christians are called on to take part in the war, then an opportunity occurs for those Christians to help those who do not know the truth. Christians only know the truth in order to testify to it before those who know it not. And they can only testify by action. That action is the repudiation of war and the doing of good to people, without distinguishing between so-called enemies and one's own people.

¡®ÀûµéÀÌ Ãĵé¾î ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù: µ¶ÀÏÀεé, Å;îŰÀεé, ¾ß¸¸Àεé, ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ½Î¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ±×µéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» Á×ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù!¡¯ À̰ÍÀº Áø½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ÇØ¸¦ °¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ À׿©ºÐ Àüü¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÇ »çȸ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¾î¶² Àûµéµµ- µ¶ÀÏÀε鵵, Å;îŰÀε鵵, ¾ß¸¸Àε鵵- ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á×À̰ųª °í¹®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀÌ(±×µé¿¡°Õ ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀεé, µ¶ÀÏÀεé, ¶Ç´Â ¾ß¸¸ÀεéÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù) ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³»³õÀº °ÍÀ» ±×µéÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ ÀüÀï¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇÏ´Â ºñ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ »çȸ¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü°¡Çϵµ·Ï ¼ÒÁýµÈ´Ù¸é, ±×µé ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ°¡ »ý±ä´Ù. ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷À» ¾Õ¿¡¼­ Áø¸®¸¦ Áõ°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇàÀ§·Î¼­ Áõ°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·± ÇàÀ§´Â ÀüÀïÀÇ °ÅºÎÀ̸ç, ¼ÒÀ§ Àû°ú Àڱ⠹ÎÁ·À» ±¸º°ÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼±À» ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

'But if the foreign enemy does not attack the Christian family, then his own wicked neighbors will, and will pillage, torture, and kill him and those dear to him if they do not defend themselves.' This again is not true. If all the members of the family are Christians and therefore devote their lives to serving others, no man will be found so senseless as to deprive of food or to kill those who serve him. Miklukha-Maklay settled among the most bestial savages, so it is said, and they not only did not kill him, but grew fond of him and submitted to him, merely because he was not afraid of them, demanded nothing of them, and did them good. If a Christian lives with an un-Christian family and relations who defend themselves and their property by violence and the Christian is called on to take part in that defense, this demand is for him a call to the fulfillment of his duty in life. A Christian knows the truth only to show it to others, and most of all to those near him and bound to him by ties of relation¡©ship and friendship, and a Christian can show the truth by not falling into the error others have fallen into, by not ranging himself either on the side of the attackers or on the side of the defenders, but by giving all to others and showing by his life that he wants nothing except to fulfill the will of God, and that he fears nothing except to depart from that will.

±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ÜÀûÀÌ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ °¡Á·À» °ø°ÝÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, Àڱ⠵¿Á· ÁßÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÌ¿ôµéÀÌ °ø°ÝÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×¿Í ±×°¡ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÏ°í °í¹®Çϰí, Á×ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ÀÌ°Í ¶ÇÇÑ Áø½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ °¡Á· ±¸¼º¿ø ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ºÀ»çÇÔ¿¡ ¹ÙÄ¡°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Àڽſ¡°Ô ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½Ä·®À» »©¾Ñ°Å³ª ±×µéÀ» »ìÇØÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ¸ô»ó½ÄÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¸®°¡ ¾ø´Ù. µé¸®´Â ¹Ù·Î, ¹ÌŬ·çÄ« ¸¶Å¬·¹ÀÌ´Â °¡Àå ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ Á¾Á· »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇß´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±×¸¦ Á×ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µé ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ÀÌ´Â ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×°¡ ±×µéÀ» ¹«¼­¿öÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼±À» ÇàÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î Àڽŵé°ú Àç»êÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÏ´Â ºñ±âµ¶±³ÀÎ °¡Á· ¹× ģôµé°ú ÇÔ²² »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±× ±âµµ±³ÀÎÀÌ ±×·± ¹æ¾î¿¡ Âü¿©Çϵµ·Ï ¿äûÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù¸é, ÀÌ·± ¿ä±¸´Â ±×¿¡°Ô À־ »î¿¡ À־ ±×ÀÇ Àǹ«ÀÇ ½ÇÇà¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎ¸§ÀÌ´Ù. ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸À̱â À§ÇØ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¡Á·°ü°è ¶Ç´Â ¿ìÁ¤À̶ó´Â À¯´ë·Î ¹­¿©ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÔÀ̸ç, ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹üÇÏ´Â ¿À·ù¿¡ ºüÁ®µéÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î½á, °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â Æí¿¡µµ ¹æ¾îÇÏ´Â Æí¿¡µµ °¡´ãÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î½á, ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÁÜÀ¸·Î½á, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ¸·Î ±×´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔ ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ¿¡¼­ ¸Ö¾îÁü ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÜÀ¸·Î½á, Áø¸®¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

'But the Government cannot allow members of society to refuse to acknowledge the foundations of the State organization and to evade the per¡©formance of the duties of every citizen. The Govern¡©ment demands from Christians oaths, participation in legal proceedings and military service, and for a refusal of these things subjects them to punishment, banishment, imprisonment, or even execution.' And again this demand made by Government will only serve for a Christian as a call to fulfill the busi¡©ness of his life. For a Christian the Government's demand is the demand of people who do not know the truth. And therefore a Christian who knows it cannot but bear witness to it before those who know it not. Violence, imprisonment, or execution, to which a Christian is subjected in consequence of this, affords him the possibility of witnessing not in words but in deeds. Every violence by war, robbery, or execution, is not a result of the irrational forces of nature, but is perpetrated by erring people, deprived of knowledge of the truth. And therefore the greater the evil these people do to a Christian, the further they are from the truth, the more un¡©fortunate are they and the more do they need a knowledge of the truth. But a Christian cannot impart that knowledge to men otherwise than by refraining from the error in which those dwell who do him evil, and by returning good for evil. And that alone is the whole business of a Christian's life, and its whole meaning, which death cannot destroy.

¡®±×·¯³ª Á¤ºÎ´Â »çȸÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÌ ±¹°¡ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ±âÃʵéÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÏ¸ç ¸ðµç ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» ȸÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ë³³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â ±âµ¶±³Àε鿡°Ô ¸Í¼¼, ¹ýÀû ÀýÂ÷µé¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔ, ±×¸®°í º´¿ªÀǹ«¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í À̰͵鿡 ´ëÇÑ °ÅºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀ» ó¹ú, À¯Çü, ¶Ç´Â ½ÉÁö¾î »çÇü¿¡ óÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã, Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³»·ÁÁö´Â ÀÌ·± ¿ä±¸µéÀº ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô À־ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×ÀÇ »îÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎ¸§ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô À־ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¿ä±¸´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿ä±¸ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº Áø¸®¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ Áø¸®¸¦ Áõ°ÅÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Áø¸®ÀÇ Áõ°ÅÀÇ °á°ú·Î ÀÎÇØ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ Ã³ÇØÁö´Â Æø·Â, Åõ¿Á, ¶Ç´Â »çÇüÀº, ±×¿¡°Ô ¸»·Î Áõ°ÅÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇൿÀ¸·Î Áõ°ÅÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀï, °­µµÁú, ¶Ç´Â »çÇü¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ðµç Æø·ÂÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ºÒ°¡Ç×·ÂÀûÀÎ ÈûÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Áø¸®¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ¿© Á˸¦ Áþ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀúÁú·¯Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ÇàÇϸé ÇàÇÒ¼ö·Ï, Áø¸®¿¡¼­ ´õ¿í ¸Ö¾îÁö°Ô µÇ°í, ±×µéÀº ´õ¿í ºÒÇàÇϸç, ±×µéÀº ´õ¿í Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´Â ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹üÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í ±×¸®°í ¾ÇÀ» ¼±À¸·Î °±´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áø¸®ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀ» ÀüÇØÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀÌ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ »îÀÇ Àüü ÀÓ¹«À̸ç, Àüü ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í Á×À½µµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

People bound together by a delusion form, as it were, a collective cohesive mass. The cohesion of that mass is the world's evil. All the reasonable activity of humanity is directed towards the destruction of this cohesion.

±â¸¸À¸·Î½á ÇÔ²² ¹­ÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº, À̸¦Å׸é, ÁýÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÀÁýµÈ µ¢¾î¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ µ¢¾î¸®ÀÇ ÀÀÁý·ÂÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÀηùÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀΠȰµ¿Àº ÀÌ·± ÀÀÁý·ÂÀÇ ÆÄ±«¸¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© ÁýÁߵȴÙ.

All revolutions are attempts to break up that mass by violence. It seems to people that if they break up that mass it will cease to be a mass, and therefore they strike at it; but by trying to break it they only forge it closer. The cohesion of the particles is not destroyed until the inner force passes from the mass to the particles and obliges them to separate from it.

¸ðµç Çõ¸íµéÀº ÀÌ·± µ¢¾î¸®¸¦ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î½á ºÐ¼âÇÏ·Á´Â ½ÃµµµéÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ µ¢¾î¸®¸¦ ºÐ¼âÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ µ¢¾î¸®À̱⸦ ¸ØÃâ °Íó·³ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ´À²¸Áø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº µ¢¾î¸®¸¦ µÎµé±ä´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ºÐ¼âÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ´õ¿í Á¶¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ´ÜÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. ³»ÀûÀÎ ÈûÀÌ µ¢¾î¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÔÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀüÇØÁ®¼­ ÀÔÀÚµéÀÌ µ¢¾î¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶³¾îÁö°Ô ¸¸µé±â Àü±îÁö´Â, ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÀÁý·ÂÀº ÆÄ±«µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

The strength of that cohesion of people lies in a falsehood, a fraud. The force freeing each particle of the human cohesive mass is truth. Man can hand on the truth only by deeds of truth.

»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¿Í °°Àº ÀÀÁý·ÂÀº °ÅÁþ, Áï ±â¸¸¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÔÀÚµéÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÀÁýÇÏ´Â µ¢¾î¸®¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ´Â ÈûÀº Áø¸®ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®¸¦ ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Áø¸®¸¦ ÀüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Only deeds of truth bringing light into man's consciousness, destroy the cohesion of deception and separate men one after another from the mass bound together by the cohesion of deception.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ºûÀ» °¡Á®°¡´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÇàÇÔ¸¸ÀÌ ±â¸¸ÀÇ ÀÀÁý·ÂÀ» ÆÄ±«Çϸç, ±â¸¸À̶ó´Â ÀÀÁý·ÂÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² ¹­¿© ÀÖ´Â µ¢¾î¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ »ç¶÷¾¿ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ´Ù.

And this work has been going on already for 1800 years. From the time the commandments of Christ were laid before humanity that work began, and it will not end until all has been accomplished, as Christ said (Matt. v. 18).

±×¸®°í ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÀÌ¹Ì 1800³â µ¿¾È ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµéÀÌ Àηù ¾Õ¿¡ ¼±¾ðµÈ ¼ø°£ºÎÅÍ ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù, ±×¸®°í, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´ë·Î(¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 18Àý), ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¼ºÃëµÉ ¶§±îÁö ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The Church formed of those who thought to unite people into one by asserting of themselves with oaths that they possessed the truth, has long since died. But the Church formed of men joined in union not by promises nor by anointings but by deeds of truth and goodness, this Church has always lived and will live. This Church, now as heretofore, is formed not of those who say, Lord, Lord! yet work iniquity (Matt. vii. 21, 23), but of those who hear Christ's words and do them. The members of this Church know that it is only necessary for them not to infringe the unity of the son of man, for their life to be a blessing, and that this blessedness is only infringed by the non-fulfillment of the commandments of Christ. And therefore members of the Church cannot but fulfill those commandments and teach others to fulfill them.

ÀڽŵéÀÌ Áø¸®¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸Í¼¼µéÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ ½º½º·Î ´Ü¾ðÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, »ç¶÷µéÀ» Çϳª·Î ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ·Á´Â »ý°¢À» ÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸¼ºµÈ ±³È¸´Â, ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ Á×¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾à¼Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±×¸®°í ±â¸§ºÎÀ½¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áø¸®¿Í ¼±À» ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ¿© ¸ðÀÎ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ±³È¸´Â, ÀÌ·± ±³È¸´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ±³È¸´Â, ÀÌÀü°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Áö±Ýµµ, ÁÖ¿©! ÁÖ¿©! ¸»Çϸ鼭 ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó(¸¶Åº¹À½ 7Àå 21, 23Àý), ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀ» µè°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ±³È¸ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í, Áï, ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÌ ÇູÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ »ÓÀ̸ç, ÀÌ·± ÇູÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµéÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î½á ÆÄ±«µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±³È¸ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °è¸íµéÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍµéÀ» °¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.

Whether there are now few or many such people, that is the Church which nothing can overcome and to which all men will be united.

¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àûµç ¸¹µç, À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¾î´À°Íµµ ¾ï´©¸¦ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿¬ÇÕµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸ÀÌ´Ù.

'Fear not, little flock, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom' (Luke xii. 32).

¡®ÀûÀº ¹«¸®¿© µÎ·Á¿ö ¸»¶ó. ³ÊÈñ ¾Æ¹öÁö²²¼­ ±× ³ª¶ó¸¦ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô Áֽñ⸦ ±â»µÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯(´©°¡º¹À½ 12Àå32Àý)

Moscow, 22 January 1884.

¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù, 1884³â 1¿ù 22ÀÏ.

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¼­¹® ] I. º¹À½ ±³ÈÆÀÇ ¿­¼è ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É ] III. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ý°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý ] IV. ±×¸®½ºµµ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ] VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í ] VII. °ÅÁþ ±³¸® ] VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ ] IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§ ] X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù ] XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ ] [ XII. ½Å¾ÓÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ] Notes ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


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