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XI. THE DEAD CHURCH |
XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ |
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The teaching of Christ establishes the kingdom of God on earth. It is
not true that the fulfillment of this teaching is difficult; it is not
only not difficult, but it is inevitable for a man who has comprehended
it. This teaching supplies the only possible salvation from the inevitably
impending destruction of per¡©sonal life. Finally, not only does the
fulfillment of this teaching not call us to sufferings and depriva¡©tions
in this life, but it releases us from nine-tenths of the sufferings we
endure for the sake of the world's teaching. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó¸¦ Áö»ó¿¡
°Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº
»ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; ±×°ÍÀº ¾î·ÆÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§Àº
¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ´ÚÃÄ¿À´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ÆÄ¸ê·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ
À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô °¡´ÉÇÑ ±¸¿øÀ» Á¦½ÃÇØ ÁØ´Ù. °á±¹, ÀÌ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀº ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ÀÇ »î¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô
°íÅë°ú °áÇÌÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼¼»óÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§À» À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®°¡ °Þ´Â °íÅëµéÀÇ ±¸ ÇҷκÎÅÍ
¿ì¸®¸¦ ÇØ¹æ½ÃÄÑÁØ´Ù. |
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And having understood this I asked myself; why, till now, have I not
fulfilled this teaching which offers me welfare, salvation, and happiness,
but have followed quite a different teaching- that which has made me
unhappy? And the only answer that could be given was: I did not know the
truth, it was hidden from me. |
³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ³ª¼ ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù; ¿Ö,
Áö±Ý±îÁö, ³ª´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾È³ç°ú ±¸¿ø°ú ÇູÀ» ÁÖ´Â ÀÌ
°¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥- ³ª¸¦ ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç-
°¡¸£Ä§À»
µû¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡? ±×¸®°í ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ´ë´äÀº
À̰ÍÀ̾ú´Ù: ³ª´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ¸ô¶ú´Ù, ±×°ÍÀº ³»°Ô ¼û°ÜÁ®
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
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When the meaning of Christ's teaching revealed itself to me for the
first time I had no idea that the elucidation of that meaning would cause
me to repudiate the teaching of the Church; it merely seemed to me that
the Church had not reached the conclusion which flows from Christ's
teaching, but I did not suspect that the new meaning of Christ's
teaching which had revealed itself to me, and the deductions which
followed therefrom, would separ¡©ate me from the teaching of the Church. I
was afraid of that, and therefore during my researches, far from seeking
for mistakes in the Church's teaching I on the contrary intentionally
shut my eyes to such propositions as seemed to me obscure and strange, but
which did not contradict what I considered to be the essence of the
Christian teaching. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ óÀ½À¸·Î ³»°Ô ¹àÇôÁ³À»
¶§, ³ª´Â ÀÌ·± ÀǹÌÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÌ ³ª·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§À» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé ÁÙÀº ¸ô¶ú´Ù; ³»°Ô´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷
±³È¸°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯ ³ª¿À´Â °á·Ð¿¡
µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇßÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ´À³¦ÀÌ µé¾úÁö¸¸, ³ª´Â
³ª¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Àǹ̿Í
±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â Ãß·ÐÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÀÌÅ»½Ã۸®¶ó°í´Â ¿¹»óÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ
µÎ·Á¿ü´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ªÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ±â°£ µ¿¾È, ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿À·ùµéÀ» ã±â´ÂÄ¿³ç ±×¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î ³ª´Â
±×·¯ÇÑ ¸íÁ¦µéÀÌ ³»°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ¸ðÈ£Çϰí ÀÌ»óÇϰÔ
´À²¸ÁöÁö¸¸, ³»°¡ »ý°¢Çϱ⿡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ
º»Áú°ú ¸ð¼øµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ´«À»
°¨¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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But the further I traveled in the study of the Gospels and the more
clearly the meaning of Christ's teaching revealed itself to me, the more
inevitable became the choice between the teaching of Christ- reasonable,
clear, accordant with my conscience and giving me salvation- and the
directly opposite teaching, disagreeing with my reason and conscience and
giving me nothing except a consciousness of destruction for myself and
others, and I could not help rejecting the Church's propositions one
after another. I did this un¡©willingly, with a struggle, and with a
desire as far as possible to soften my disagreement with the Church, not
to separate from it and not to deprive myself of that most joyous support
to one's faith- community with many people. But when I had finished my
work I saw that, try as I might to re¡©tain at least something of the
Church's teaching, nothing remained. Not only did nothing remain, but I
was convinced that nothing could remain. During the conclusion of my work
the following incident occurred. My young son told me that two quite
uneducated and scarcely literate people, who were our servants, had had a
dispute about a passage in a religious book in which it was said that it
is not a sin to kill criminals or kill people in war. I did not believe
that this could have been printed, and I asked to have the book shown to
me. The booklet which had provoked the dispute was called An
Explanatory Prayer-book (3rd edition, 80th thousand, Moscow, 1879). On
page 163 of that booklet is said: |
±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ º¹À½¼ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ±íÀÌ µé¾î°¡¸é °¥¼ö·Ï
±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ³»°Ô ¸íÈ®È÷
¹àÇôÁö¸é Áú¼ö·Ï, ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̰í,
¸í·áÇϸç, ³ªÀÇ ¾ç½É°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¸ç ³ª¿¡°Ô ±¸¿øÀ» ÁÖ´Â
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ ±×¸®°í, Á¤ ¹Ý´ë·Î, ³ªÀÇ À̼º°ú ¾ç½É°ú
ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ¿À·ÎÁö ³ª ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
ÆÄ±«ÀûÀÎ Àǽĸ¸ ÁÖ´Â °¡¸£Ä§ »çÀÌÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀº ´õ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼ ³ª´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸íÁ¦µéÀ» Çϳª¾¿
°ÅºÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ¸¶Áö
¸øÇؼ, ¹ß¹öµÕÄ¡¸ç, ±×¸®°í °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ±³È¸¿Í ³ªÀÇ
ºÒÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ´©±×·¯¶ß¸®°í, ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÅ»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ³ª
Àڽſ¡°Ô¼ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °¡Àå Áñ°Å¿î ±â¹Ý- ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ
±³Á¦- À» »ó½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â À§ÇÑ Àǵµ·Î¼ ÇàÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ³ªÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¸¶ÃÆÀ» ¶§, ºñ·Ï ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀº À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇßÁö¸¸,
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö
¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²À» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇß´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸® µÉ ÁöÀ½¿¡, ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°Àº »ç°ÇÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ¾î¸° ¾ÆµéÀÌ ³»°Ô ÇØ ÁØ
À̾߱â´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç °ÅÀÇ ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ»
ÁÙ ¸ð¸£´Â ¿ì¸® ÁýÀÇ µÎ ÇÏÀεéÀÌ ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ¹üÁËÀÚ³ª
»ç¶÷µéÀ» »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á˰¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶²
Á¾±³ ¼ÀûÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸Àý¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ³íÀïÀ» ¹ú¿´´Ù. ³ª´Â
ÀÌ·± ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀμâµÇ¾î ³ª¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù,
±×·¡¼ ±× Ã¥À» ³»°Ô º¸¿©´Þ¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ³íÀïÀ» ¾ß±âÇÑ
±× ¼ÒÃ¥ÀÚ´Â ±âµµÇؼ³¼(3ÆÇ, 80¸¸ºÎ¤Ñ ¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù
1879)¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ̾ú´Ù. 163ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¾²¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù: |
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'What is the sixth of God's commandments? Thou shalt not kill. What
does God forbid in this commandment? He forbids us to kill- that is to say,
to deprive men of life. Is it a sin legally to punish a criminal with
death, or to kill one's enemies in war? It is not a sin. A criminal is
de¡©prived of life in order to stop the great evil which he commits;
enemies are killed in war because in war one fights for one's ruler and
country.' And to those words is limited the explanation of why the
commandment of God is repealed. I did not be¡©lieve my eyes. |
¡®Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °è¸í Áß¿¡¼ Á¦ 6°è¸íÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
»ìÀÎÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ÀÌ °è¸í¿¡¼ Çϳª´ÔÀº ¹«¾ùÀ»
±ÝÁöÇϴ°¡? ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »ìÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÝÁöÇϽŴÙ- ´Ù½Ã
¸»Çϸé, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹üÁËÀÚ¸¦ ¹ý¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ »çÇüÀ¸·Î ó¹úÇÏ´Â °Í, ¶Ç´Â ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ÀûÀ»
»ìÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁËÀΰ¡? ±×°ÍÀº Á˰¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¹üÁËÀÚ´Â
±×°¡ ÀúÁö¸£´Â Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¾ÇÀ» Á¾½Ä½Ã۱â À§Çؼ ¸ñ¼ûÀ»
»©¾Ñ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ÀûµéÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¿Í ±¹°¡¸¦ À§Çؼ ½Î¿ì±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.¡¯
±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¸»µé¿¡¼ ¿Ö Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °è¸íÀÌ Ãë¼ÒµÇ´ÂÁö
¼³¸í¿¡ ÇѰ踦 ±×¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ´«À» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. |
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The disputants asked my opinion about their difference. I told the one
who considered that what the book said was right that the explanation was
incorrect. |
³íÀïÀ» ÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ À̰߿¡ ´ëÇØ ³ªÀÇ
»ý°¢À» ¹°¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±× Ã¥ÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¿Ç´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â
»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±× ¼³¸íÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. |
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'How is it that people print what is wrong and contrary to the
law?' said he. I had no reply to give him. I kept the book and looked it
all through. The book contains () thirty-one prayers, with instruc¡©tions
about genuflections and how to hold one's fingers when crossing oneself;
(2) an explanation of the Creed; (3) a quite unexplained extract from the
fifth chapter of St. Matthew, which for some reason is called, 'Commands
for obtaining bliss'; (4) the Ten Commandments of Moses with
explanations, which for the most part annul them; (5) hymns for Church
Festivals. |
¡®¾îÂîÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æ²¸° °Í°ú À²¹ý¿¡ ¾î±ß³ª´Â
°ÍÀ» ÀμâÇմϱî? ±×°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ÁÙ ´äº¯ÀÌ
¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±× Ã¥À» °¡Áö°í °¡¼ Åëµ¶À» ÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×
Ã¥ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°¾Ò´Ù: (1) 31°¡ÁöÀÇ ±âµµ, ¹«¸
²Ý±â, ±×¸®°í ¼ºÈ£¸¦ ±×À» ¶§ ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» Áã´Â ¹æ¹ý; (2)
±³¸®ÀÇ ¼³¸í; (3) ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5 ÀåÀÇ ÀüÇô ¼³¸íÀÌ ¾ø´Â
¹ßÃé¹®, ±×°ÍÀº ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼ÀÎÁö ¡®ÃູÀ» ¹Þ´Â
¸í·Éµé¡¯À̶ó°í ºÒ·È´Ù; (4) ¼³¸íÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ 10°è¸í,
ÀÌ ¼³¸íµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ 10°è¸íÀ» ÆóÁöÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù; (5)
ÃàÀϵéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼º°¡. |
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As I have said, I not only tried to avoid con¡©demning the faith of the
Church, but I tried to see it in the best light and therefore did not seek
for its weaknesses, and though well acquainted with its academic I was
quite unacquainted with its pedago¡©gic literature. The circulation in
1879 of such an enormous number of copies of a prayer-book which evoked
the doubts of the simplest people amazed me. I could not believe that the
plainly pagan contents of the prayer-book (having nothing in common with
Christianity) were the teaching the Church de¡©liberately disseminated
among the people. To verify this, I bought all the books published by the
Synod or with its blessing and containing brief statements of the
Church's faith for children and the common people; and I read them
through. |
³»°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¸»ÇßµíÀÌ, ³ª´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ºñ³Çϱ⸦
ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍÀ» ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ
½Ã°¢À¸·Î º¸·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´´Ù ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀÇ ¾àÁ¡À»
ãÀ¸·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ºñ·Ï ±³È¸ÀÇ Çй®ÀûÀÎ
°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ±³È¸ÀÇ ±³À°¿ë
ÀÚ·áµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â Àß ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇȤµéÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Å²1879³âÀÇ ±×Åä·Ï ¸¹Àº
ºÎ¼öÀÇ ±âµµ¼ÀÇ À¯Æ÷´Â ³ª¸¦ ³î¶ó°Ô Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â
±âµµ¼ÀÇ ¸í¹éÈ÷ À̱³ÀûÀÎ(±âµ¶±³¿Í´Â ¾Æ¹«·± °ü·ÃÀÌ
¾ø´Â) ³»¿ëµéÀÌ ±³È¸°¡ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î
ÀüÆÄÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀ»
Áõ¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ, ³ª´Â ±³È¸±â°üÀ̳ª ±× ±â°üÀÇ
ÃູÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇàµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ¾Æµ¿µé°ú º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ
±³È¸ÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£·«ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç
Ã¥µéÀ» ±¸ÀÔÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀÐ¾î ³ª°¬´Ù. |
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Their contents were for me almost new. When I had Scripture lessons,
such matter did not exist. There were then, so far as I can remember, no
'Commands for obtaining Bliss', nor was there the teaching that to
kill is not a sin. It is not found in any of the old Russian
catechisms. It is not in the catechisms of Peter Mogila, nor in the
catechism of Platon, nor in the catechism of Balyakov, nor in the short
Catholic Catechisms. This novelty was intro¡©duced by Filaret, who also
drew up a catechism for the use of the Army. The Explanatory
Prayer-book is drawn up in accord with that catechism. The fundamental
book is the 'Long Christian Catechism of the Orthodox Church, for
the use of all Orthodox Christians, published by order of
His Imperial Majesty'. |
±×°ÍµéÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ³»°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ °ÅÀÇ »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
³»°¡ ¼º°æÇнÀ ¹Ý¿¡ ³ª°¥ ¶§µµ ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀº Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â, ³»°¡ ±â¾ïÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ, ¡®ÃູÀÇ
°è¸í¡¯Àº ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸ç, »ìÀÎÀÌ Á˰¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù¶ó´Â
°¡¸£Ä§µµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÀüÅëÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ±³¸®
¹®´ä¼¿¡µµ ±×·± °ÍÀº ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÇÇÅÍ ¸ðÁú¶óÀÇ
±³¸® ¹®´ä¼¿¡µµ ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÇöóÅæÀÇ ±³¸® ¹®´ä¼¿¡µµ
¾ø¾ú°í, ¹ß¸®¾ßÄÚÇÁÀÇ ±³¸® ¹®´ä¼¿¡µµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·±
»õ·Î¿î ³»¿ëÀº ÇÊ¶ó·¹Æ®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×´Â
¶ÇÇÑ ±º»ç¿ë ±³¸®¹®´äÀ» ¸¸µç »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù. ±âµµ
ÇØ¼³¼´Â ±×¿Í °°Àº ±³¸® ¹®´ä¼¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î Á¤¸®ÇÑ
°ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±âÃʰ¡ µÇ¾ú´ø Ã¥Àº ¸ðµç Á¤±³È¸ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀ» À§ÇÑ, ¡®Á¤±³È¸ ÀåÆí
±âµ¶±³ ±³¸® ¹®´ä¡¯À̾ú´Âµ¥,
ȲÁ¦ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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That book is divided into three parts: On Faith, On Hope, and On Love.
In the first part is an analysis of the Nicene Creed. In the second part
an analysis of the Lord's Prayer, and the eight verses of the fifth
chapter of Matthew forming an intro¡©duction to the Sermon on the Mount,
and for some reason called 'Commands for obtaining bliss'. (Both these
parts treat of Church dogmas, of prayers and sacraments, but give no
teaching at all about life.) In the third part the duties of a Christian
are set forth. In this part, called 'On Love', are set out, not the
commandments of Christ, but the Ten Commandments of Moses, and these are
set out as though only to teach people not to fulfill them but to act in
opposition to them; as, after each commandment, there is a reservation
which cancels it. With reference to the first com¡©mandment, which orders
us to honor one God, the catechism teaches us to honor angels and saints,
besides, of course, the Mother of God and the three Persons of the Trinity
(Long Catechism, pp. 107, 108). With reference to the second
commandment, not to make to oneself idols, the catechism teaches the
obeisance before icons (p. 108). With reference to the third commandment,
not to take oaths in vain, the catechism teaches people to swear on any
demand of the legal authorities (p.111). With reference to the
fourth commandment, to observe Saturday, the catechism teaches us to keep
not Saturday but Sunday, and thirteen great holidays and a multitude of
smaller ones, and to observe all the Fasts, including Wednesdays and
Fridays (pp. 112-15). With reference to the fifth commandment, to honor
one's father and mother, the catechism teaches us to honor the Tsar and
the Fatherland, one's spiritual pastors 'and those in various
positions of authority' (sic) and on honoring those in authority
there are three pages with an enumeration of all kinds of authorities :
'Those in authority in schools, the civil authorities, the
judges, the military authorities, one's masters (sic). This last
injunction refers to those who serve them and whom they command'
(sic-pp. 116-19). |
ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ¼¼ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù: ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©,
Èñ¸Á¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®°í »ç¶û¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©. Á¦ 1ºÎ´Â ´ÏÄɾÆ
½ÅÁ¶ÀÇ ºÐ¼®ÀÌ´Ù. Á¦ 2ºÎ´Â ÁÖ ±âµµ¹®°ú ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 8ÀýÀÇ
ºÐ¼®À¸·Î¼, »ê»ó¼öÈÆÀÇ ¼¹®À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼,
¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼ÀÎÁö ¡®ÃູÀ» ¾ò´Â °è¸íµé¡¯À̶ó°í
ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (ÀÌ µÎ ºÎºÐÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ ±³¸®, ±âµµ¿Í
¼º·ÊµéÀ» ´Ù·çÁö¸¸, »î¿¡ °üÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ÀüÇô ³ª¿ÀÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.) Á¦ 3ºÎ´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù. ¡®»ç¶û¿¡
´ëÇÏ¿©¡¯¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµéÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ 10°è¸íÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í
À̰͵éÀº ¸¶Ä¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °è¸íµéÀ» Áö۱â À§Çؼ°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°Í¿¡ ºÒº¹Á¾Çϵµ·Ï Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù;
°¢°¢ÀÇ °è¸í µÚ¿¡´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Ãë¼ÒÇÏ´Â ´Ü¼°¡ µé¾î
ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À¯ÀÏÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀ» °ø°æÇ϶ó´Â Á¦ 1°è¸í¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÂüÁ¶·Î, ±³¸® ¹®´äÀº õ»çµé°ú ¼ºÀÚµé, ¹°·Ð, ¼º¸ð
±×¸®°í »ïÀ§ÀÏü¸¦ °ø°æÇ϶ó°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù.(ÀåÆí ±³¸®
¹®´ä p.107, 108), ¿ì»óÀ» ¸¸µéÁö ¸»¶ó´Â Á¦ 2 °è¸í°ú
°ü·ÃÇØ¼, ±³¸® ¹®´äÀº ¼º»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¹è¸¦ °¡¸£Ä£´Ù(p.108).
ÇêµÇÀÌ ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â Á¦ 3°è¸í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, ±³¸®
¹®´äÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ´ç±¹µéÀÇ ¾î¶² ¿ä±¸¿¡µµ
¸Í¼¼ÇÒ °ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä£´Ù(p.111). Åä¿äÀÏÀ» °Å·èÈ÷ Áö۶ó´Â
Á¦ 4 °è¸í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ±³¸® ¹®´äÀº Åä¿äÀÏÀ» ÁöŰÁö ¸»°í
ÀÏ¿äÀϰú 13¹øÀÇ ´ë ÃàÁ¦Àϰú ¹«¼öÇÑ °æ¹ÌÇÑ ³¯ µé,
±×¸®°í ¼ö¿äÀϰú ±Ý¿äÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ±Ý½ÄÀÏÀ»
Áö۶ó°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù(p.112-15). ºÎ¸ð¸¦ °ø°æÇ϶ó´Â Á¦ 5°è¸í¿¡
´ëÇØ¼ ±³¸® ¹®´äÀº ȲÁ¦¿Í, Á¶±¹°ú ¿µÀûÀÎ ¸ñ»çµé ¡®±×¸®°í
´Ù¾çÇÑ Á÷À§ÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Áö´Ñ ´ç±¹Àڵ顯À» °ø°æÇÒ
°ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡¸ç, ±Ç·ÂÀ» Áö´Ñ ÀÚµéÀ» °ø°æÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
¸ðµç ±Ç·Â ¼¿À» ¿°ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Â 3ÆäÀÌÁö°¡ ÇÒ´çµÇ¾î
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù: ¡®Çб³ ´ç±¹ÀÚµé, ÇàÁ¤ ´ç±¹ÀÚµé, ÀçÆÇ°üµé,
±º ´ç±¹ÀÚµé, ÁÖÀεé. ¿©±âÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
ºÀ»çÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óÀüµéÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(p.
116-19). |
|
I am quoting from the 1864 edition of the Cate¡©chism, Twenty years
have passed since the aboli¡©tion of serfdom and no one has taken the
trouble even to strike out the sentences which, with refer¡©ence to the
commandment of God to honor one's parents, were included in the
Catechism for the maintenance and justification of slavery. With reference
to the sixth commandment, 'Thou shalt not kill', from the first lines
one is taught to kill. |
³ª´Â 1864³â ¹ß°£µÈ ±³¸® ¹®´ä¿¡¼ ÀοëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù,
³ó³ë°¡ ÆóÁöµÈÁö 20³âÀÌ Áö³µÁö¸¸, ½ÉÁö¾î, ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ,
ºÎ¸ð¸¦ °ø°æÇ϶ó´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °è¸í¿¡ °üÇÑ ÂüÁ¶°¡
³ë¿¹Á¦µµ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϰí Á¤´çÈÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±³¸® ¹®´ä¿¡
Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®ÀåµéÀ» ¾ø¾Ö·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¡®»ìÀÎÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó¡¯´Â Á¦ 6°è¸í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â, ù¹øÂ° Çà¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â
»ìÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. |
|
Q. What is forbidden in the sixth command¡©ment? |
¹®: Á¦6°è¸í¿¡¼ ¹«¾ùÀ» ±ÝÁöÇϴ°¡? |
|
A. Murder, or the taking of life from one's neighbor in any manner. |
´ä: »ìÀÎ, ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ
»ý¸íÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Q. Is every taking of life a sinful murder? |
¹®: »ý¸íÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ Á˸¦ Áþ´Â »ìÀÎÀΰ¡? |
|
A. It is not sinful murder when life is taken in the fulfillment of
one's duties, for instance: (i) When a criminal is punished
with death by legal sentence. (ii) When enemies are killed in war
for ruler and country. (The italics are in the original.) And further; |
´ä: ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àǹ«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ »ý¸íÀ»
»©¾ÑÀ» ¶§´Â Á˸¦ Áþ´Â »ìÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é : (i)
¹ýÀÇ ¼±°í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÁËÀÎÀÌ »çÇü¿¡ Ã³ÇØÁú ¶§. (ii)
ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ³ª ±¹°¡¸¦ À§Çؼ ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ÀûµéÀÌ »ìÇØµÉ
¶§. (ÀÌÅŸ¯ ü´Â ¿ø¹®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.) ±×¸®°í °è¼ÓÇØ¼
ÀοëÇϸé, |
|
Q. What occasions can be regarded as criminal murder? |
¹®: ¾î¶² °æ¿ìµéÀÌ ¹üÁËÀûÀÎ »ìÀÎÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁú ¼ö
Àִ°¡? |
|
A. When anyone hides or releases a murderer. |
´ä. ´©°¡ »ìÀÎÀÚ¸¦ °¨Ã߰ųª ³õ¾ÆÁÙ ¶§. |
|
And this is printed in hundreds of thousands of copies and is instilled
forcibly, with threats and under fear of punishment, into all Russian
people under the guise of Christian doctrine. This is what the whole of
the Russian people are taught; this is what all the innocent angel
children are taught- those children whom Christ wished not to have driven
away from him because 'theirs is the kingdom of God';- those children
whom we must resemble in order to enter the kingdom of God (resemble by
not knowing such teaching); those children, in, defense of whom Christ
said, 'Woe unto him that causeth one of these little ones to stumble'.
And it is these children to whom this is forcibly taught and who are told
that this is the only and the sacred law of God. |
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ³»¿ëÀÌ ¼ö½Ê¸¸ ºÎ¾¿ ÀμâµÇ¾î¼,
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ±³¸®·Î °¡ÀåÇÏ¿©, ¸ðµç ·¯½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô,
Çù¹Ú°ú ó¹úÀÇ µÎ·Á¿òÀ¸·Î °Á¦·Î ÁÖÀԵǰí ÀÖ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀÌ ·¯½Ã¾Æ ±¹¹Î Àüü°¡ ¹è¿ì´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; À̰ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç
¾î¸° õ»çµéÀÌ ¹è¿ì´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¡®Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
³ª¶ó´Â ÀúµéÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×¿¡°Ô¼
ÂѾƹö¸®Áö ¸»¶ó°í Çß´ø ±× ¾î¸°À̵é;- Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó¿¡
µé¾î°¡±â À§Çؼ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ´à¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â(±×·¯ÇÑ
°¡¸£Ä§À» ¸ð¸§À¸·Î½á ´à¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â) ±× ¾î¸°À̵é; ±×µéÀ»
º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»Çϱ⸦, ¡®Àú ¼ÒÀÚ
Çϳª¶óµµ ³Ñ¾îÁö°Ô ÇÏ´Â Àڴ ȸ¦ ÀÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í
ÇÑ ±×·± ¾î¸°À̵é. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ,
À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î À¯ÀÏÇÏ¸ç ½Å¼ºÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í,
°¾ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¹è¿ì¸ç µè°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
This is not a proclamation circulated secretly under fear of
imprisonment, but a proclamation disagreement with which is punished by
imprison¡©ment. I now write this and I am frightened that I even allow
myself to say that one cannot repeal God's chief law, written in all the
codes and in all our hearts, by words which explain nothing, 'in the
fulfillment of one's duties to King and country', and that people
should not be taught so. |
À̰ÍÀº Åõ¿ÁÀÌ µÎ·Á¿ö¼ ºñ¹Ð¸®¿¡ ¹èÆ÷µÇ´Â ¼±¾ð¹®ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, À̰ÍÀº ÁöŰÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Åõ¿ÁµÇ´Â ¼±¾ð¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ¾²¸é¼, ¸ðµç Á¶Ç׿¡ ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®
¸ðµÎÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» ¡®È²Á¦¿Í
±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àǹ«¸¦ ÁؼöÇÔ¿¡ À־¯¶ó´Â
¾Æ¹« Àǹ̵µ ¾ø´Â ¸»·Î¼ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÆóÁöÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·¸°Ô °¡¸£ÃÄÁ®¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
½ÉÁö¾î ³ª ½º½º·Î ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÀ½¿¡ ³î¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Yes, that has come about which Christ foretold (Luke xi. 35, 36; Matt.
vi. 23): 'Look therefore whether the light that is in thee be not
darkness. If the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is the
darkness!' |
±×·¸´Ù, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿¹¾ðÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ ÀÏ¾î³ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(´©°¡º¹À½
12Àå 35,36Àý; ¸¶Åº¹À½ 6Àå 23Àý): ¡®±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³× ¼Ó¿¡
ÀÖ´Â ºûÀÌ ¾îµÓÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇѰ¡ º¸¶ó. ³×°Ô ÀÖ´Â ºûÀÌ
¾îµÎ¿ì¸é ±× ¾îµÎ¿òÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÇϰڴÀ´¢!¡¯ |
|
The light that is within us is become darkness, and the darkness in
which we live has become terrible. |
¿ì¸®µé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºûÀÌ ¾îµÒÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í
¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¾îµÎ¿òÀº ¹«¼¿î °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
'Woe unto you', says Christ, 'woe unto you, scribes and
Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye shut the kingdom of heaven against men:
for ye enter not in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are enter¡©ing
in to enter. Woe unto you, scribes and Phari¡©sees, hypocrites! for ye
devour widow's houses, even while for a pretence ye make long prayers:
therefore ye shall receive greater condemnation. Woe unto you, scribes and
Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye com¡©pass sea and land to make one
proselyte; and when he is become so, ye make him worse than before. Woe
unto you, ye blind guides! |
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®È ÀÖÀ»Áö¾î´Ù À§¼±ÀÚ
¹Ù¸®»õÀÎÀÌ¿© ³ÊÈñ´Â »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡ õ±¹ÀÇ ¹®À» ´Ý°í
½º½º·Î µé¾î°¡Áöµµ ¾Ê°í ¶Ç µé¾î°¡·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡
µé¾î°¡·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ Çã¶ôÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ´Ù. È ÀÖÀ»Áö¾î´Ù
À§¼±ÀÚ ¹Ù¸®»õÀÎÀÌ¿© ³ÊÈñµé °úºÎÁýÀ» ޽ÄÇÏ¿©
µ¹¾Æ³ªµð¸ç ±ä ±âµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸®³ª´Ï ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ³ÊÈñµé
ÇÑÃþ ´õ Á˸¦ Áþ°Ô µÇ´À´Ï¶ó. È ÀÖÀ»Áö¾î´Ù À§¼±ÀÚ
¹Ù¸®»õÀÎÀÌ¿© ³ÊÈñ´Â °³Á¾ÀÚ¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÇØ·úÀ»
µÎ·ç µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ÀÌ¹Ì ¾òÀ¸¸é À̸¦ ±×Àüº¸´Ù ÇÑÃþ ³ª»Û
°ÍÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó. ÈÀÖÀ»Áö¾î´Ù ´«¸Õ ¾È³»ÀÚ¿©!¡¯ |
|
'Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye build the
sepulchers of the prophets, and garnish the tombs of the righteous, and
say. If we had been in those days when the prophets were tortured, we
should not have been partakers in their blood. Ye are witnesses against
yourselves, that ye are sons of them that slew the prophets. Fill ye up
then the measure begun by those who were like yourselves. I will send unto
you prophets and wise men; some of them ye will kill and crucify; and some
of them ye will scourge in your assemblies, and expel from city to city;
that upon you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth since
Abel.' 'Every blasphemy [libel] will be forgiven to men, but the libel
against the Holy Spirit cannot be for¡©given.' All this reads as though
it had been written yesterday against those who now no longer compass the
sea and the land, libeling the Holy Spirit and leading people to a belief
which makes them worse, but directly, by violence, oblige them to accept
that belief, and persecute and destroy all those prophets and wise men who
attempt to expose their fraud. |
¡®È ÀÖÀ»Áö¾î´Ù À§¼±ÀÚ ¹Ù¸®»õÀÎÀÌ¿© ³ÊÈñ´Â
¼±ÁöÀÚÀÇ ¹«´ýÀ» ¼¼¿ì°í À§ÀÎÀÇ ¹«´ýÀ» Àå½ÄÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó.
±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¸¸ÀÏ ¼±ÁöÀÚ°¡ °í¹®À» ´çÇÑ ±× ½Ã´ë¿¡
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚ°¡ ÇǸ¦ È긮½Å ±× ÀÏ¿¡
°¡´ãÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸®¶ó. ÀÌó·³ ³ÊÈñ´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚ¸¦ Á×ÀÎ
ÀÚ¿Í °°Àº ÀÚ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÚÀÎÇϸ®¶ó ³ÊÈñµé°ú °°Àº
Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀÛµÈ Ä¡¼ö¸¦ ä¿ö¶ó. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î º¸¶ó,
³ª ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¾îÁø ¼±ÁöÀÚ¿Í ¿¹¾ðÀÚ¸¦ º¸³¾Áö´Ï ±× Áß
¾î¶² ÀÚ¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸ø¹Ú¾Æ Á×ÀÌ°í ¾î¶² ÀÚ¸¦
³ÊÈñ ȸ´ç¿¡¼ ¶§¸®°í ¸¶À»¿¡¼ ¸¶À»·Î ÂѾƹö¸®¶ó.
À̷νá ÀÇÀÎ ¾Æº§ ÀÌ·¡·Î Áö»ó¿¡ È기 ¿ÇÀº ÇÇ´Â ¸ðµÎ
³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô º¸´äÇϸ®¶ó.¡¯ ¡®¸ðµç ¸ðµ¶[ºñ¹æ]Àº
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿ë¼¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̳ª ¼º·ÉÀ» ºñ¹æÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â
¿ë¼¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº, ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ÀÌ»ó
¹Ù´Ù¿Í À°Áö¸¦ µ¹¾Æ ´Ù´ÏÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ¼º·ÉÀ» ºñ¹æÇϰí
»ç¶÷µéÀ» ´õ¿í ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î ²ø°í °¡¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À»
¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̵µ·Ï °¿äÇÏ¸ç ±×µéÀÇ »ç±â¸¦ Æø·ÎÇÏ·Á´Â ¸ðµç
¼±ÁöÀÚµé°ú ÀǷοî ÀÚµéÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀ»
ÇâÇØ, ¸¶Ä¡ ¾îÁ¦ ¾²¿©Áø °Íó·³ º¸¿©Áø´Ù. |
|
And I became convinced that the Church's teaching, although it calls
itself Christian, is that very darkness against which Christ strove and
ordered his disciples to strive. |
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ, ºñ·Ï ±× ÀÚü°¡
±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£Áö¸¸, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ½Î¿üÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô ½Î¿ì¶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ¾îµÒ ±× ÀÚü¶ó°í
È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù. |
|
Christ's teaching, like every religious teaching, has two sides: (i)
The teaching of conduct- of how we should live, each separately and all
together- the ethical teaching; and (ii) the explanation of why people
should live in that way and not other¡©wise- the metaphysical teaching. The
one is the result and at the same time the cause of the other. Man should
live so, because such is his destiny: or the destiny of man is such, and
therefore he should live so- these two sides of Christ's teaching are to
be found in all the religions of the world. Such is the religion of the
Brahmins, of Confucius, Buddha, and Moses, and such is the religion of
Christ. He teaches life, how to live, and he gives the explanation why
that is how one should live. But as it was with all other teachings-
Brahmanism, Judaism, Buddhism- so was it with the teaching of
Christ. People lapse from the teaching of life, and among them some are
found who undertake to justify that lapse. These people seating
themselves, to use Christ's expression, in the seat of Moses, explain
the metaphysical side of the teaching in such a way that the ethical
demands cease to be obligatory and are replaced by an external service of
God- by ritual. This phenomenon is common to all re¡©ligions, but never, I
think, has it been displayed so sharply as in Christianity. It has been
displayed with such exceptional sharpness because the teach¡©ing of Christ
is the highest teaching; and it is the highest because the metaphysics and
ethics of Christ's teaching are so inseparably united and are so denned
by one another that to separate them is impossible without depriving the
whole teaching of its meaning, and also because Christ's teaching is in
itself a Protestantism- that is to say, a denial not merely of the ritual
observances of Judaism but of every external worship of God. And therefore
of necessity in Christianity this tearing asunder com¡©pletely perverts
the teaching and deprives it of any meaning. And so it was. The sundering
of the teaching of life from the explanation of life began with the
preaching of Paul, who did not know the ethical teaching expressed in the
Gospel of Matthew and who preached a metaphysical-cabalistic theory
foreign to Christ; and this separation was finally completed at the time
of Constantine, when it was found possible to clothe the whole heathen
order of life in a Christian dress and therefore to accept it as
Christianity without altering it. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§°ú
°°ÀÌ, µÎ °¡Áö Ãø¸éµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: (i) ¿ì¸®°¡, °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇÔ²² ¾î¶»°Ô »ì °ÍÀΰ¡ ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î½á, À±¸®Àû °¡¸£Ä§; ±×¸®°í (ii) »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô
»ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â ¾È µÇ´Â°¡¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀÚ´Â ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °á°úÀ̸ç
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿øÀÎÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·¸°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù: ¶Ç´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ
¿î¸íÀ» ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×´Â ±×·¸°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù- ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÀÌ °°Àº µÎ °¡Áö Ãø¸éÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç
Á¾±³µé¿¡¼µµ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ¹Ù¶ó¹®±³, À¯±³, ºÒ±³, ±×¸®°í
¸ð¼¼ÀÇ Á¾±³°¡ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù. ±×´Â »îÀ» °¡¸£Ä£´Ù, ¾î¶»°Ô
»ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¼³¸íÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ °¡¸£Ä§- ¹Ù¶ó¹®±³,
À¯´ë±³, ºÒ±³- µé¿¡¼ ±×·± °Íó·³, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§µµ
¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼ ÀÌÅ»Çϰí,
±×µé Áß¿¡¼ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×·± ÀÌÅ»À» Á¤´çÈÇϱâ
½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ºô¸®ÀÚ¸é,
½º½º·Î ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾É¾Æ¼, À±¸®ÀûÀÎ ¿ä±¸µéÀÌ Àǹ«ÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç Çϳª´Ô¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ºÀ»ç- ÀÇ·Ê- ·Î¼ ´ëüµÇ´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î, °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éÀ» ÇØ¼®Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Çö»óÀº ¸ðµç Á¾±³¿¡
°øÅëÀûÀÌÁö¸¸, À̰ÍÀÌ ±âµ¶±³¿¡¼ ¸¸Å ÷¿¹ÇϰÔ
³ªÅ¸³ ÀûÀÌ °áÄÚ ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×Åä·Ï
¿¹¿ÜÀûÀΠ÷¿¹ÇÔÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ °ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ
ÃÖ°íÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ÃÖ°íÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯´Â
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇаú À±¸®ÇÐÀº ³Ê¹«³ª
±ä¹ÐÇÏ°Ô °áÇյǾî ÀÖ°í ¼·Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ³Ê¹« ¹ÐÂøµÇ¾î
ÀÖ¾î¼, ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¶¼¾î³½´Ù´Â °ÍÀº °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àüü
Àǹ̸¦ »ó½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ±× ÀÚü·Î¼ û±³µµÁÖÀÇ- ´Ù½Ã
¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, À¯Å±³ÀÇ ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ Áؼö »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ¼þ¹èÀÇ ºÎÀÎ- À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±âµ¶±³¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Çʿ伺À¸·Î º¸¾Æ, ÀÌó·³
¶¼¾î³»¾î¼ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ±× Àǹ̸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷
¿Ö°îÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ¸ðµç Àǹ̸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í
Á¤¸» ±×·¯Çß´Ù. »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú »îÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÇ ºÐ¸®°¡ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¼³±³·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Âµ¥, ¹Ù¿ïÀº ¸¶Åº¹À½¿¡
Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â À±¸®Àû °¡¸£Ä§À» ¸ô¶úÀ¸¸ç
±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô´Â °ü°è¾ø´Â ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀû- ½ÅºñÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ
ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¼³±³ÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ºÐ¸®´Â ¸¶Ä§³»
ÄܽºÅºÆ¼´©½º ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù, ±×·¯ÀÚ À̱³Àû »îÀÇ
Áú¼ Àüü¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔÈ÷°í, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̱³Àû
»îÀÇ Áú¼¸¦ ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê°í¼ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÓÀÌ
°¡´ÉÇØÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
From the time of Constantine- a heathen of the heathen whom the Church
for all his crimes and vices numbers with the company of the saints-
begin
the Ecclesiastical Councils, and the center of gravity of Christianity is
transferred completely to the metaphysical side of the teaching. And that
metaphysical teaching with the ceremonies that accompany it, diverging
even more and more from its fundamental meaning, reaches its present stage -
a teaching which explains the most incompre¡©hensible mysteries of life
in heaven and gives a most complex ritual of divine service, but supplies no
religious teaching concerning our life on earth. |
ÄܽºÅºÆ¼´©½º- À̱³µµ Áß¿¡¼µµ À̱³µµ·Î¼,
±³È¸¿¡¼´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹üÁË¿Í ¾Ç´öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ±×¸¦
¼ºÀεéÀÇ ¹Ý¿¿¡ ¿Ã·Á³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù- ½Ã´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ,
ÁÖ±³È¸Àǰ¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǹç, ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¹«°Ô Áß½ÉÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ
ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éÀ¸·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ³Ñ¾î°£´Ù. ±×¸®°í
±×·¯ÇÑ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§°ú À̸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Â ÀǽĵéÀº,
±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷κÎÅÍ ½ÉÁö¾î ´õ¿í´õ ¸Ö¾îÁö¸é¼,
¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ´Ü°è- °¡Àå ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Çϴóª¶ó¿¡¼ÀÇ
»îÀÇ ½Åºñ¸¦ ¼³¸íÇØÁÖ¸ç °¡Àå º¹ÀâÇÑ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¿¹¹èÀÇ ÀǽÄÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö¸¸, Áö»ó¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ °üÇÑ
¾Æ¹«·± Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§À» Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °¡¸£Ä§- ±îÁö
µµ´ÞÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
All religions except Church Christianity demand from their adherents,
besides ceremonies, the per¡©formance of certain good actions and
abstention from certain bad ones. Judaism demands circum¡©cision, the
keeping of the Sabbath, the giving of alms, the observance of the Jubilee
year, and much else. Mohammedanism demands circumcision, prayer five times
a day, tithes for the poor, worship at the prophet's tomb, and much
else. And so with all the other religions. Whether these demands are good
or bad, at any rate they demand certain actions. Only pseudo-Christianity
demands no¡©thing. There is nothing that it is definitely obliga¡©tory for
a Christian to do or from which he must definitely abstain, if one does
not count fasts and prayers which the Church itself admits to be
non-obligatory. All that is necessary for the pseudo-Christian are the
sacraments. But the sacrament is not done by the believer himself, it is
performed over him by others. A pseudo-Christian is not bound to do
anything, and is not bound to abstain from anything, in order to be saved,
but all that is necessary is performed over him by the Church: he is
baptized, and anointed, and communion is given him, as well as extreme
unction, and absolution is even granted on an inarticulate confession, and
he is prayed for- and saved! The Christian Church since the time of
Constantine has not demanded any actions from its members. It has not even
put for¡©ward any demands of abstinence from anything. The Christian
Church recognized and sanctified everything that existed in the heathen
world: it recognized and sanctified divorce, and slavery, and courts of
justice, and all the state authorities that existed, and wars and
executions, and it only de¡©manded, at baptism, a verbal renunciation of
evil, and that only at first; afterwards, with the intro¡©duction of
infant baptism, it ceased even to demand that. |
±³È¸ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¾±³µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ
ÃßÁ¾ÀڷκÎÅÍ, ÀǽĻӸ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¼±ÇàµéÀÇ
½ÇÇà°ú ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¾ÇÇàÀÇ ±ÝÁö¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. À¯´ë±³´Â ÇÒ·Ê,
¾È½ÄÀÏÀÇ ¾ö¼ö, ÀÚ¼±, ¾È½Ä³âÀÇ Áؼö ¹× ±âŸ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ»
¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ȸ±³´Â ÇÒ·Ê, ÇÏ·ç ´Ù¼¸ ¹øÀÇ ±âµµ, °¡³ÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ½ÊÀÏÁ¶, ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ¹«´ý¿¡ ¿¹¹è, ¹×
±âŸ ¸¹À» °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç Á¾±³µéµµ
±×·¸´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿ä±¸µéÀÌ ¼±ÇϵçÁö ¾ÇÇϵçÁö ¾î·µç
ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ »çÀ̺ñ ±âµ¶±³¸¸ÀÌ
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±³È¸ ÀÚü¿¡¼ Àǹ«°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ´Ü½Äµé°ú ±âµµµéÀ» °è»ê¿¡ ³ÖÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô´Â Á¤È®È÷ Àǹ«ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇàÇØ¾ß
Çϰųª, Á¤È®È÷ ±ÝÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¤È®È÷ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù.
»çÀ̺ñ ±âµ¶±³Àε鿡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¼º·ÊµéÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¼º·Ê´Â ½ÅÀÚ Àڽſ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÇàÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µéÀ» À§ÇØ ÇàÇØÁø´Ù.
»çÀ̺ñ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº, ±¸¿øÀ» ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ, ¾î¶² °Íµµ
ÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² °Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ
Àǹ«°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ±×¸¦ À§ÇØ ±³È¸¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ÇàÇØÁø´Ù: ±×´Â ¼¼·Ê ¹Þ°í, ±â¸§ºÎÀ½ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç,
¼ºÂù, »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º´ÀÚ¼º»ç ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î »ç¸éÁ¶Â÷
Áß¾ó°Å¸®´Â °í¹éÀ» Çϸç ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±âµµ¸¦
¹Þ´Â´Ù- ±×¸®°í ±¸¿øµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù! ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸´Â À̱³µµ
¼¼»ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ø ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¸ç ½Å¼º½Ã ÇÏ¿´´Ù:
±³È¸´Â ÀÌÈ¥, ³ë¿¹Á¦µµ, ¹ýÁ¤, ±×¸®°í Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç
±¹°¡ ±Ç·Âµé, ±×¸®°í ÀüÀï°ú »çÇüµéÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ½Å¼º½Ã
ÇÏ¿´°í, ±³È¸´Â ¼¼·ÊÇÒ ¶§ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸»·Î¸¸ ¾ÇÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ
°ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ óÀ½¿¡¸¸ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù;
ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â, À¯¾Æ ¼¼·ÊÀÇ µµÀÔÀ¸·Î, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ±×°ÍÀ»
¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Áß´ÜÇß´Ù. |
|
The Church, acknowledging Christ's teaching in words, directly
rejected it in life. |
±³È¸´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¸»·Î´Â ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí
ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼µµ »î¿¡¼´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ºÎÀÎÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Instead of guiding the life of the world, the Church, to make itself
agreeable to the world, interpreted Christ's metaphysical teaching in
such a way that no demands relating to life resulted from it, so that it
did not prevent people from living as they had done before. The Church
yielded to the world and, having done so once, it followed the world's
way. The world did whatever it liked, allowing the Church to shape its
explanations of the meaning of life accordingly as best it could. The
world in everything arranged its life contrary to Christ's teaching, and
the Church devised allegories to show that people while living contrary to
Christ's law live in accord with it. And finally the life of the world
became worse than heathen life had been, and the Church not merely
justified that life but asserted that it was in agreement with Christ's
teaching. |
¼¼»óÀÇ »îÀ» ÀεµÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡, ±³È¸´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡ Àß
º¸À̱â À§ÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ
°¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »î¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹«·± ¿ä±¸µéµµ ³ª¿Ã
¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ÇØ¼®ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±× °á°ú »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡
ÇàÇß´ø °Íó·³ »ç´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±³È¸´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡
±¼º¹ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÏ´Ü ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÀÚ, ±³È¸´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ
¹æ½ÄÀ» µû¶ó°¬´Ù. ¼¼»óÀº ±³È¸°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç
ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±³È¸°¡ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ¼¼»ó¿¡ °É¸Â°Ô »îÀÇ Àǹ̸¦
ÇØ¼®Çϵµ·Ï ¸Ã°ÜµÎ¾ú´Ù. ¼¼»óÀº ¸ðµç °Í¿¡¼
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇµµ·Ï ±× »îÀ» Á¶Á÷ÇÏ¿´´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±³È¸´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡ ¹Ý´ë·Î
»ì¾Æ°¡´Â ÇÑÆí, ±×°Í¿¡ µû¶ó »ç´Â °Íó·³ º¸À̱â À§Çؼ
ºñÀ¯µéÀ» °í¾ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¶Ä§³» ¼¼»óÀÇ »îÀº
À̱³µµÀÇ »îÀÌ ±×·¨´ø °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í
±³È¸´Â ±×·± »îÀ» ÇÕ¸®È ÇÏ¿´À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
But a time came when the light of Christ's true teaching which was in
the Gospels, despite the fact that the Church feeling its own falsity
tried to hide it by forbidding translations of the Bible - a time came when
this light (through those who were called sectarians and even through
worldly free¡©thinkers) made its way among the people and the falsity of
the Church's teaching became evident to men and they began to alter
their way of life (which the Church had justified) to life on the basis of
Christ's teaching which had made its way to them independently of the
Church. |
±×·¯³ª, ¶§´Â ¿ÔÀ¸´Ï, º¹À½¼¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
Áø¸®ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ºûÀÌ, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÅÁþÀ» ´À³¤ ±³È¸°¡
ÀÌ ºûÀ» ¼º¼ÀÇ ¹ø¿ªÀ» ±ÝÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼û±â·Á°í ¾Ö½á¿Â
»ç½Ç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí - ¶§´Â ¿ÔÀ¸´Ï, ÀÌ ºûÀÌ (ºÐÆÄµéÀ̶ó
ºÒ¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÅëÇØ¼, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¼¼»óÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯
»ç»ó°¡µéÀ» ÅëÇØ¼)»ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ±æÀ» ÇìÄ¡°í
³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¸ç, ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ °ÅÁþÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
¸í¹éÇØÁ®¼, ±×µéÀº (±³È¸°¡ ÇÕ¸®È½ÃÄÑ ³õ¾Ò´ø)ÀڽŵéÀÇ
»îÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ±³È¸¿Í µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×µé¿¡°Ô ´Ù°¡¿Â
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ´Â »îÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù±â
½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶§°¡ ¿Ô´Ù. |
|
So people themselves, apart from the Church, abolished slavery (which
the Church had justified) and religious executions, and abolished the
power (sanctified by the Church) of the Emperors and Popes, and have now
begun the task which presents itself next in turn: the abolition of
property and of the State. And the Church did not defend and cannot defend
any of these things, because the abolition of these wrongs in life took
place, and is now taking place, on the basis of that same Christian
teaching which was preached and is preached by the Church however it tries
to pervert it. |
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀº ½º½º·Î°¡, ±³È¸¿Í´Â º°µµ·Î, (±³È¸°¡
Á¤´çÈÇß´ø) ³ë¿¹Á¦µµ¿Í Á¾±³ ÀçÆÇµéÀ» ÆóÁöÇÏ¿´°í, (±³È¸°¡
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´ø) ȲÁ¦¿Í ±³È²ÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ» ÆóÁöÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½ Â÷·Ê¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °úÁ¦¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù: Àç»ê°ú
±¹°¡ÀÇ ÆóÁö°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±³È¸´Â À̰͵é ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À °Íµµ
ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ÀúÇ×ÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ·±
»î¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ °ú¿ÀµéÀÇ ÆóÁö´Â ±³È¸°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸®
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¿Ö°îÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ½áµµ, ±³È¸¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼³±³µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Áö±Ýµµ ¼³±³µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú ¶È
°°Àº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±âÃÊ·Î ÀϾÀ¸¸ç Áö±Ýµµ
ÀϾ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The guidance of the life of man has emancipated itself from the Church
and established itself independently of the Church. |
»ç¶÷ÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöħÀº ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇØ¹æµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³ÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î ¼¼¿öÁ³´Ù. |
|
The Church retains an explanation, but an ex¡©planation of what? The
metaphysical explanation of a teaching has significance when the teaching
of life which it explains exists. But the Church has no teaching of life
left. It had only an explanation of a life it instituted once upon a time
and which no longer exists. If the Church still retains an explanation of
that life which used to exist (like the explanation in the Catechism that
officials ought to kill) no one any longer believes it. And the Church has
nothing left but cathedrals, icons, brocaded vestments, and words. |
±³È¸´Â ¼³¸íÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¹«½¼ ¼³¸íÀϱî?
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ ¼³¸íÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â »îÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¶§ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±³È¸´Â »î¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ³²¾ÆÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±³È¸´Â ¿ÀÁ÷
°ú°Å¿¡ ¸¸µé¾ú´ø »îÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀ̸ç
±×°ÍÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±³È¸°¡ °ú°Å¿¡
ÀÖ¾ú´ø (¸¶Ä¡ °ü¸®µéÀÌ »ìÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±³¸® ¹®´äÀÇ
¼³¸íó·³) ±×·± »îÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» ¾ÆÁ÷µµ º¸À¯Çϰí ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ,
¾Æ¹«µµ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±³È¸¿¡´Â,
¼º´ç, ¼º»ó, ±Ý½ÇÀ» ´Ü Á¦º¹°ú ¼³±³ ¿Ü¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²¾Æ
ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. |
|
The Church carried the light of Christian teach¡©ing of life through
eighteen centuries, and wishing to hide it under its garments has itself
been burnt up by that flame. The world, with its arrangements sanctified
by the Church, has repudiated the Church in the name of those very
principles of Christianity which the Church has reluctantly borne; and the
world now lives without the Church. That fact is accomplished and to hide
it is impossible. All that is really alive- and does not linger on in angry
dejection not really living but merely hindering others from doing so- all
that really lives in our European world has rejected the Church, and all
churches, and lives its own life independently of the Church. And let it
not be said that this is so in 'rotten western Europe'; our Russia,
with its millions of rationalist Christians, educated and uneducated, who
have rejected Church teaching, proves beyond dispute that Russia, in
regard to the repudiation of the Church, is, thank God, far more
'rotten' than the rest of Europe. |
±³È¸´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ºûÀ» 18¼¼±â µ¿¾È
Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿Ê ¾Æ·¡¿¡ °¨Ãß·Á
ÇÏ´Ù°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±× È¿°À¸·Î Ÿ¹ö¸®°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. ¼¼»óÀº,
±³È¸°¡ Á¤´çÈÇØÁÖ´ø Á¦µµµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±³È¸°¡
¾ïÁö·Î º¸°üÇϰí ÀÖ´ø ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¿ø¸®µé ±× ÀÚüÀÇ
À̸§À¸·Î ±³È¸¸¦ ¹ö·È´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¼¼»óÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ±³È¸ ¾øÀÌ
»ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç½ÇÀº ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀ»
¼û±â´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. Áø½ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µéÀº- ±×¸®°í Áø½ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì¾Æ°¨ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ü¼øÈ÷
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÔÀ» ¹æÇØÇϸé¼, ¼º³ ½½ÇÄ
¼Ó¿¡¼ »îÀ» ¿¬¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í- ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯·´ ¼¼°è¿¡
Áø½ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ±³È¸¸¦, ¸ðµç ±³È¸¸¦
¹ö·ÈÀ¸¸ç, ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ»
»ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀº ¡®½â¾îºüÁø
¼±¸À¯·´¡¯¿¡¸¸ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; ±³À°À» ¹Þ¾Òµç
¸ø ¹Þ¾Òµç, ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» °ÅºÎÇÑ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ
ÇÕ¸®ÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ·¯½Ã¾Æ´Â,
±³È¸¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÔ¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©¼, ·¯½Ã¾Æ´Â Çϳª´Ô
´öÅÃÀ¸·Î ¼±¸À¯·´º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ½â¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
Áõ¸íÇÑ´Ù. |
|
All that is alive is independent of the Church. The power of Government
rests on tradition, on science, on popular election, on brute force, and
on what you will, only not on the Church. |
»ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ±³È¸¿¡¼ µ¶¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¤ºÎ
±Ç·ÂÀº ÀüÅë, °úÇÐ, ÃѼ±°Å, ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ Æø·Â, ±×¸®°í
´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °Í À§¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇϰí ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±³È¸¸¸Àº
ÀÇÁöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
Wars and the relations of the Powers are arranged on the principle of
race, balance of power, or what you will, but not on Church principles. |
ÀüÀï°ú °´ë±¹ °£ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ¿ø¸®, ÈûÀÇ ±ÕÇü
¶Ç´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© 󸮵ǰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª,
±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ø¸®µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© 󸮵ÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
The State institutions plainly ignore the Church. The idea that the
Church could in our times be the foundation of the law or of property is
merely ridiculous. |
Á¤ºÎ ±â°üµéÀº ¸í¹éÈ÷ ±³È¸¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡
±³È¸°¡ ¹ý·üÀ̳ª »çÀ¯Àç»êÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â
»ý°¢Àº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿ôÀ½°Å¸®ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Science not only does not co-operate with the Church teaching, but
inadvertently, involuntarily, in the course of its development is always
hostile to the Church. |
°úÇÐÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú Çù·ÂÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¹«½ÉÄÚ, ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î, ±× ¹ßÀü ´Ü°è¿¡¼ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±³È¸¿¡
Àû´ëÀûÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Art, which formerly served the Church exclusively, has now quite
departed from it. |
¿¹¼úÀº, °ú°Å¿¡ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ±³È¸¿¡ ºÀ»çÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸³ª,
Áö±ÝÀº ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ »ó´çÈ÷ ¸Ö¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
It is not merely that life has completely emancipated itself from the
Church, life has no relation to the Church; it merely feels contempt for
her so long as she does not meddle in the affairs of life and nothing but
hatred as soon as she tries to remind it of her former rights. If the form
which we call the Church still exists, it is only because people fear to
smash a vessel which once held precious contents; only so is it possible
to explain the existence in our century of the Catholic, the Orthodox, and
the various Protestant Churches. |
»î ÀÚü°¡ ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÇØ¹æµÇ¾úÀ» »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »îÀº ±³È¸¿Í ¾Æ¹«·± °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø´Ù; ±³È¸°¡ »îÀÇ
¹®Á¦¿¡ °³ÀÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ »îÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±³È¸¿¡ ´ëÇØ
°æ¸êÀ» ´À³¢¸ç, ±³È¸°¡ °ú°ÅÀÇ ±Ç¸®µéÀ» »ó±â½ÃŰ·Á´Â
¼ø°£ ¿ÀÁ÷ Áõ¿À¸¸À» ´À³¤´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±³È¸¶ó°í
ºÎ¸£´Â Çü½ÄÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
°ú°Å¿¡ º¸¹°À» ´ã°í ÀÖ´ø ±×¸©À» ±úÆ®¸®±â¸¦
µÎ·Á¿öÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸¸ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡¼
Ä«Å縯, Á¤±³È¸, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¾çÇÑ °³½Å±³µéÀÇ Á¸À縦
¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. |
|
All the Churches- the Catholic, Orthodox, and
Protestant- stand like
sentinels laboriously on guard over a prisoner who has long since escaped
and is now walking about among the sentinels and even fighting them.
Everything that now really ani¡©mates the world- Socialism, Communism,
theories of political economy, utilitarianism, the freedom and equality of
individuals, of classes, and of women, all man's moral conceptions, the
sanctity of labor, the sanctity of reason, of science and of art, all that
moves the world and that the Church regards as inimical, all are parts of
that teaching which the Church herself has unwittingly handed on together
with the teaching of Christ which she sought to conceal. . |
¸ðµç ±³È¸´Â- Ä«Å縯, Á¤±³È¸, ±×¸®°í °³½Å±³´Â-
¿À·¡
Àü¿¡ Å»ÃâÇÏ¿© ÀÌÁ¦ °¨½Ãº´ »çÀ̸¦ µ¹¾Æ ´Ù´Ï¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î
±×µé°ú ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ´Â Á˼ö¸¦, ¾Ö½á¼ °¨½ÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Â
°¨½Ãº´Ã³·³ ¼ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ Áø½Ç·Î ¼¼»óÀ» Ȱ±âÂ÷°Ô ÇÏ´Â
¸ðµç °ÍÀº- »çȸÁÖÀÇ, °ø»êÁÖÀÇ, Á¤Ä¡ °æÁ¦ À̷еé,
°ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ, °³ÀεéÀÇ, °è±ÞµéÀÇ, ±×¸®°í ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í
Æòµî, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ µµ´öÀû °ü³äµé, ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÔ, À̼º,
°úÇÐ, ±×¸®°í ¿¹¼úÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÔ, ¼¼»óÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ¸ç ±³È¸°¡
ÇØ·Ó´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº- ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ±³È¸°¡
¼û±â°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´ø ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ÇÔ²² ±³È¸
Àڽŵµ ¸ð¸£´Â »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀüÇØÁØ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ºÎºÐµéÀÌ´Ù. |
|
In our time the life of the world goes its own way quite independently
of the Church's teaching. That teaching has lagged so far behind that
the men of the world no longer hear the voices of church teachers. Nor is
there anything to hear, for the Church only offers explanations of an
arrangement of life which the world has already outgrown and which has
already ceased to exist or is now being irresistibly destroyed. |
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ »îÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú´Â
¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹þ¾î³ª¼ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±æÀ» °¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§Àº ³Ê¹«³ª µÚ¿¡ ÃÄÁ® ÀÖ¾î¼ ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀº
±³È¸ÀÇ ±³»çµéÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®µéÀ» µèÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µéÀ» °ÍÀº
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±³È¸´Â ¼¼»óÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Õ¼
°¡¹ö¸° µÚÀÇ »îÀÇ ³»¿ëµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼¸¸ ¼³¸íÀ» ÇØ ÁÙ
»ÓÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ÀúÇ×ÇÒ ¼ö
¾øÀÌ ÆÄ±«µÇ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
People went rowing in a boat, and a helmsman steered them. The people
came to believe in their helmsman, and he guided them well; but the time
came when the good helmsman was replaced by another who did not steer. Yet
the boat glided on quickly and easily. At first it was not noticed that
the new helmsman was not steering and the people were only pleased that
the boat moved quickly. But afterwards, having realized that the new
helmsman was useless, they began to laugh at him, and dis¡©missed him. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¹è ¾È¿¡¼ ³ë¸¦ ÀúÀ¸¸ç °¡°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í
Á¶Å¸¼ö°¡ ۸¦ Àâ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Á¶Å¸¼ö¸¦
¹Ï°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ¹æÇâÀ» Àâ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Á¶Å¸¼ö´Â ۸¦ Àâ¾Æº» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷À¸·Î ±³Ã¼µÇ´Â ¶§°¡ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹è´Â ºü¸£°Ô
±×¸®°í ¼øÅºÇÏ°Ô ¹Ì²ô·¯Á® °¬´Ù. óÀ½¿£ »õ·Î¿î
Á¶Å¸¼ö°¡ ۸¦ Àâ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö
¸øÇß´Ù ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹è°¡ ºü¸£°Ô ³ª¾Æ°£´Ù´Â
»ç½Ç¸¸À» Áñ°Å¿ö ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ÈÄ¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº
»õ·Î¿î Á¶Å¸¼ö°¡ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í¼, ±×µéÀº
±×¸¦ ºñ¿ô±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×¸¦ ÇØ°í½ÃÄÑ ¹ö·È´Ù. |
|
This would not have mattered, but the trouble was that people, moved by
their annoyance with the useless helmsman, forgot that without a helms¡©man
one does not know which way one is going. That is what has happened in our
Christian society. The Church does not direct, and it is easy to drift,
and we have gone far; and all the successes of science that our nineteenth
century is so proud of are but the mileage we have gone without a rudder.
We advance, but know not whither. We live and get through our life, and
positively do not know why. But it does not do to drift and row not know¡©ing
one's direction, and one must not live and pass through life not knowing
why. |
ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¹®Á¦´Â,
±× ¹«´ÉÇÑ Á¶Å¸¼ö¿¡°Ô Ȱ¡ ³ ³ª¸ÓÁö, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
Á¶Å¸¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ±×µéÀÌ ¾î´À ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö
¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Àؾî¹ö¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î
¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ »çȸ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±³È¸´Â
¹æÇâÀ» ÀâÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¶°³»·Á °¡´Â °ÍÀº ½±´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¸Ö¸® ¿Í ¹ö¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ 19¼¼±âÀÇ
°úÇÐÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª »Ë³»°í ÀÖ´Â °úÇÐÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼º°øµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷
¿ì¸®°¡ ¹æÇ⟵µ ¾øÀÌ ¿Ô´ø Ç×ÇØ °Å¸®ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
ÀüÁøÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¾î´À °÷À¸·Î °¡´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» »ì¸ç ³ª¾Æ°¡Áö¸¸, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿Ö »ç´ÂÁö È®½ÇÈ÷
¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹æÇâµµ ¸ð¸¥ ä Ç¥·ùÇÏ¸ç ³ë¸¦ Á£´Â
°ÍÀº ÇÕ´çÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â »ç´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¸ð¸£¸é¼
»îÀ» »ì°Å³ª º¸³»¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. |
|
If men did nothing themselves but were placed by some external force in
the position they occupy, they might in reply to the question, 'Why are
you in this position?' quite reasonably reply. We do not know, but we
find ourselves placed as we are. But people make their position for
themselves, for others, and in particular for their children, and
therefore they must reply to the questions: Why do you enroll others, and
have been yourselves enrolled, into armies of millions with which you kill
and mutilate one another? Why have you spent, and why are you spending,
tremendous human energies, expressed in milliards, on the building of
towns un¡©necessary and harmful to you? Why do you arrange your absurd
law-courts and send people you con¡©sider criminals from France to
Cayenne, from Russia to Siberia, and from England to Australia, knowing
yourselves that this is unreasonable ? Why do you abandon the field-work
you love, for work in factories and workshops which you yourselves
dislike? Why do you educate your children so that they should continue
this life of which you do not approve? Why do you do all this? |
¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¾î¶²
¿ÜÀûÀÎ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µéÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ ³õ¿©
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¡®´ç½ÅÀº ¿Ö ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ Àִ°¡?¡¯¶ó´Â Áú¹®¿¡
»ó´çÈ÷ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ë´äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ º»´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ,
±×¸®°í Ưº°È÷ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ» À§Çؼ ±×µéÀÇ
ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡
´ë´äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù: ´ç½ÅµéÀº ¿Ö, ¼·Î¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ºÒ±¸·Î
¸¸µå´Â ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ ±º´ë¿¡, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¡ÁýÇϰí,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Â¡ÁýµÇ¾ú´Â°¡? ´ç½ÅµéÀº ¿Ö, ´ç½Åµé¿¡°Ô
ºÒÇÊ¿äÇϰí ÇØ·Ó±â±îÁö ÇÑ µµ½ÃµéÀÇ °Ç¼³¿¡ 10¾ïÀ̳ª
µÇ´Â ¾öû³ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç,
»ç¿ëÇϰí Àִ°¡? ´ç½ÅµéÀº ¿Ö, ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÑ
¹ýÁ¤µéÀ» ÁغñÇϰí, ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ¹üÁËÀÚµé·Î ¿©±â´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼ Ä«ÀÌ¿£´À·Î, ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼
½Ãº£¸®¾Æ·Î, ±×¸®°í ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ·Î
º¸³»´Â°¡, ´ç½Åµé ½º½º·Î°¡ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë°í
ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡? ´ç½ÅµéÀº ¿Ö, ÀڽŵéÀÌ ½È¾îÇÏ´Â °øÀåµé°ú
ÀÛ¾÷Àå¿¡¼ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ·Á°í, ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â µéÆÇ¿¡¼ÀÇ
³ëµ¿À» Æ÷±âÇϴ°¡? ´ç½ÅµéÀº ¿Ö, ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â ÀÌ·± »îÀ» °è¼ÓÇϵµ·Ï ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ»
±³À°½Ã۴°¡? ´ç½ÅµéÀº ¿Ö, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇàÇϴ°¡? |
|
These questions cannot be left unanswered. Even had all these things
been pleasant things you like doing, you should be able to give a reason
for them. But as they are terribly difficult things and you do them only
with effort and with murmurs, it is im¡©possible for you not to consider
why you do them all. It is necessary either to cease to do all this or
else to explain why we do it. Without a reply to that ques¡©tion people
never have lived and never can live. And such a reply people have never
been without. |
ÀÌ Áú¹®µé¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ´ë´äÀ» ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ
¸ðµç ÀϵéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÏ°í ½Í¾î ÇÏ´Â Áñ°Å¿î
ÀϵéÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹«¼·°Ôµµ ¾î·Á¿î
ÀϵéÀÌ¸ç ´ç½ÅÀ» ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Ö¾²°í ½ÅÀ½Çϸç
ÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿Ö ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏ´ÂÁö
»ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇàÇϱ⸦
Áß´ÜÇϵçÁö ¶Ç´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿Ö ±×°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â Áö ¼³¸íÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´ä ¾øÀÌ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº
°áÄÚ »ì¾Ò´ø ÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç »ì ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·±
´ë´äÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °áÄÚ ¾øÀÌ Áö³»Áö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. |
|
The Jews lived as they did- that is to say, fought, executed people,
built the temple, and arranged their whole life in one way and not in
another, be¡©cause this was all prescribed by their law which according to
their conviction had come down to them from God Himself. So it is with a
Hindu or a Chinaman, and so it was with a Roman, and is with a Mohammedan;
and the same was the case with a Christian till a hundred years ago; and
so it is now for the masses of ignorant Christians. To those questions
these ignorant Christians now reply that army-service, wars, law-courts,
and executions, all exist by God's law, given to us by the Church. This
world is a fallen world. All the evil that exists, exists by the will of
God as a punishment for the sins of the world, and we therefore cannot
remedy this evil. We can only save our souls by faith, sacraments,
prayers, and by submission to the will of God, as taught us by the Church.
The Church teaches us that every Christian should submit abso¡©lutely to
the Tsar, the anointed of God, and to all officials appointed by him, and
should defend by violence his own and other people's property, and
should fight, execute, and endure execution, at the will of those
God-appointed authorities. |
À¯ÅÂÀεéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÇØ¿Ô´ø ´ë·Î »ì¾Ò´Ù-
´Ù½Ã
¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ÀüÀïÀ» Çϰí, »ç¶÷µéÀ» óÇüÇϰí, ¼ºÀüÀ»
Áö¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ Àüü »îÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î
°èȹÇÏ¿´´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÀÌ ¸ðµç
°ÍµéÀº Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µé¿¡°Ô Á̴ּٴ ±×µéÀÇ
À²¹ý¿¡¼ ¸í·ÉÇϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀεµÀÎ,
Áß±¹Àεµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¸ç, ·Î¸¶ÀÎ, ȸ±³µµÀεµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù;
±×¸®°í ¹é³â Àü±îÁö¸¸ ÇØµµ ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ôµµ °æ¿ì´Â
¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´´Ù; ±×¸®°í Áö±Ý ¹«ÁöÇÑ ±âµ¶±³
´ëÁߵ鿡°Ôµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ Áú¹®µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌµé ¹«ÁöÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÇ ´ë´äÀº ÀÌ·¸´Ù,
ÀüÀïµé, ¹ýÁ¤µé, ±×¸®°í óÇüµé, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
À²¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ±³È¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô
ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀº Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ¼¼»óÀÌ´Ù. Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç
¾ÇµéÀº, ¼¼»óÀÇ ÁË¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã³¹ú·Î¼ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â, ±³È¸°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô
°¡¸£ÃÄ ÁØ ´ë·Î, ÀÌ·± ¾ÇÀ» °íÄ¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷
¹ÏÀ½, ¼º·Ê, ±×¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¿µÈ¥À» ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±âµ¶±³´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç
±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±â¸§ ºÎÀº ÀÚÀΠȲÁ¦¿¡°Ô, ±×¸®°í
±×¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÓ¸íµÈ ¸ðµç °ü¸®µé¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç,
Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÚ±â ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àç»êÀ»
º¸È£ÇØ¾ß Çϸç, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÓ¸íÇÑ ±×µé ±Ç·ÂµéÀÇ ¶æ¿¡
µû¶ó¼, ½Î¿ì°í, »çÇüÀ» ÁýÇà, »çÇüÀ» °ßµ® ³»¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. |
|
Whether such explanations be good or bad, they explained for a
believing Christian- as was the case for a Jew, a Buddhist, or a
Mohammedan- all the peculiarities of life; and a man did not renounce his
reason when living according to the law he accepted as divine. But now a
time has come when only the most ignorant people believe in these
explanations, and the number of such people diminishes every day and every
hour. It is quite impossible to arrest this movement. All men irresistibly
follow those who go in advance, and all will reach the place where the
advanced people now stand. But the advanced people are standing at the
brink of a precipice. Those in front are in a terrible position, they are
shaping life for themselves and preparing life for all who follow them and
are completely ignorant of why they do what they do. Not one civilized and
progressive man is now in a position to reply to the plain question, Why
do you live the life you are living? Why are you doing all that you are
doing? I have tried to ask about this and have questioned hundreds of
people, and have never re¡©ceived a direct reply. Always, instead of a
direct reply to the personal question, Why do you live so and do so? I
have received an answer not to my question but to one I had not put. |
ÀÌ·± ¼³¸íÀÌ ÁÁµç ³ª»Úµç- À¯ÅÂÀÎ, ºÒ±³ÀÎ, ¶Ç´Â
ȸ±³Àΰú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î- »îÀÇ ¸ðµç Ư¼ºµé·Î¼, ±×°ÍµéÀº
Ãæ½ÇÇÑ ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô ¼³µæ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷Àº
±×°¡ ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ À²¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó »ì ¶§ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
À̼ºÀ» Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ÀÁ÷ °¡Àå
¹«ÁöÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ·± ¼³¸íµéÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç ±×·¯ÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ö´Â ³ª³¯ÀÌ ±×¸®°í ¸Å ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù ÁÙ¾îµé°í
ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» Á¦ÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¾Õ¼ °¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» µû¶ó
°£´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµÎ´Â ¾Õ¼ °£ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áö±Ý ¼ÀÖ´Â
°÷¿¡ µµÂøÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Õ¼ °£ »ç¶÷µéÀ» º¶û
³¡¿¡ ¼ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Õ ÁÙ¿¡ ¼ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» µÎ·Á¿î À§Ä¡¿¡
ÀÖ´Ù, ±×µéÀº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© »îÀ» °¡²Ù°í ±×µéÀ»
µû¶ó¿À´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© »îÀ» ÁغñÇϰí ÀÖÁö¸¸
±×µéÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿Ö ÇàÇÏ´ÂÁö ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.
´Ü ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ±³¾ç ÀÖ°í Áøº¸ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µµ ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌ·±
¸í¹éÇÑ Áú¹®- ¡¯´ç½ÅÀº ¿Ö ´ç½ÅÀÌ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â »îÀ» »ì°í
Àִ°¡? ´ç½ÅÀº ¿Ö ´ç½ÅÀÌ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀ»
ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡?¡¯- ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´ë´äÇÒ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
³ª´Â ÀÌ Áú¹®À» ¹°¾î º¸·Á°í ½ÃµµÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù ±×¸®°í
¼ö¹é ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÑ ´ë´äÀ»
°áÄÚ ¾òÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¡®´ç½ÅÀº ¿Ö ±×·¸°í ±×·¸°Ô »ç´Â°¡?ÀÇ
°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÑ ´ë´ä ´ë½Å¿¡, ³ª´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª
³»°¡ ¹¯Áö ¾ÊÀº Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´ä¸¸À» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. |
|
A believing Catholic, Protestant, or Orthodox Churchman, in reply to
the question why he lives as lie is living- that is to say, in
contradiction to that teaching of the Christ-God which he professes,
always, instead of a straight answer, begins to speak of the woeful extent
of incredulity in the present generation; about the bad people who promote
infidelity, and of the significance and the future of the true Church. But
why he himself does not do what his faith bids him do he does not say.
Instead of replying about himself he speaks about the general condition of
humanity and about the Church, just as though his own life was of no im¡©portance
to him at all and he was concerned only with the salvation of the whole of
humanity and with what he calls the Church, |
Ä«Å縯, °³½Å±³, ¶Ç´Â Á¤Åë±³ÀÇ ½ÅÀÚµéÀº, ¿Ö ÇöÀç¿Í
°°Àº- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×°¡ °í¹éÇÏ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â- »îÀ» »ç´À³Ä´Â Áú¹®¿¡, Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ
´ë´ä ´ë½Å¿¡, ÇöÀçÀÇ ¼¼´ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ÇÑź½º·¯¿î
ºÒ½ÅÀÇ Á¤µµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼; ºÒ½Å¾ÓÀ» Á¶ÀåÇÏ´Â ¾ÇÇÑ
»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, ±×¸®°í ÂüµÈ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ¹Ì·¡¿¡
´ëÇØ¼ ¸»Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿Ö ±×ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô
±Ç°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½º½º·Î ÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´ÂÁö´Â ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡ °üÇÏ¿© ´ë´äÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡, ¸¶Ä¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÌ
ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡°Ô´Â ÀüÇô ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̵µ ¾ø´Â °Íó·³
±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ Àüü ÀηùÀÇ ±¸¿ø°ú ±×°¡ ±³È¸¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â
°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, ±×´Â ÀηùÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ
»óȲ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ±×¸®°í ±³È¸¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
A philosopher, of whatever denomination-
idealist, spiritualist,
pessimist, or positivist- in reply to the question why he lives as he does,
that is to say, not in accord with his philosophical teaching, will
always, instead of replying to that question, speak of the progress of
humanity and the historic law of that progress which he has discovered and
in accord with which mankind strives towards its welfare. But he never
replies directly to the question why he himself in his own life, does not
do what he con¡©siders reasonable. The philosopher, like the be¡©liever,
seems as though he were not concerned with his own life, but only with
observing the general laws of humanity. |
öÇÐÀÚ´Â ±×°¡ ¾î¶² ÇÐÆÄ¿¡ ¼ÓÇ졂 ºÒ¹®Çϰí,
ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇÀÚ°Ç, ½É·É·ÐÀÚ°Ç, ¿°¼¼ÁÖÀÇÀÚ°Ç ¶Ç´Â
½ÇÁõÁÖÀÇÀÚ°Ç ¹«¾ù ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀº ÇöÀç¿Í °°Àº »ýȰÀ»
Çϰí ÀÖ´À³Ä°í(Áï ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ À̷аú ¸ð¼øµÈ »ýȰ)¹°À¸¸é
ÀÌ ¹°À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ´ë´ä´ë½Å¿¡ ÀηùÀÇ Áøº¸¿Í
ÀÚ°¡°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÑ Áøº¸ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ¹ýÄ¢, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡
ÀÇÇÏ¿© Àηù°¡ ¼±À» ¸ñÇ¥·Î Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í¸¸ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀڱⰡ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̶ó°í ¹ÏÀº ÀÏÀ» ¿Ö ÇàÇÏÁö
¾Ê´À³Ä´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ´ë´äÀº Àý´ë·Î
ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. öÇÐÀÚµµ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎó·³ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îº¸´Ù´Â
ÀηùÀÇ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¸¸ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â
°Í¸¸ °°´Ù. |
|
An average man, one of the immense majority of semi-believing,
semi-skeptical civilized people, those who always without exception
complain of their life and of the organization of our life and antici¡©pate
the ruin of everything, this average man in reply to the question why he
himself lives this life he condemns and does nothing to improve it, will
always, instead of a direct reply, begin to speak not of himself but on
some general question: the law, trade, the State, or civilization. If he
is a policeman or a public prosecutor he will say: 'But how will law and
order get on if I, to improve my life, cease to take part in them?'
'And how about trade?' says he, if he is a commercial man. 'And how
about civilization if I, to improve my own life, do not co¡©operate in
it?' He always speaks as though the aim of his life were not to secure
the good for which he always yearns, but to serve the State, or trade, or
civilization. The average man replies exactly like the believer and the
philosopher. For the personal question he substitutes a general question,
and, like the believer and the philosopher, the average man makes this
substitution because he has no reply to the question concerning his
personal life, since he possesses no real philosophy of life. And he feels
ashamed. |
º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¹Ý½Å¹ÝÀÇÇÏ´Â ¹®¸íÀÎÀÇ ¹æ´ëÇÑ
°ú¹Ý¼ö´Â, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿¹¿Ü ¾øÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ »î¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
»îÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÒÆòÇÏ¸ç ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇϱ⸦
¹Ù¶ó´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, ÀÌ·± º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿Ö
ÀÌ·± »îÀ» »ç´Â°¡ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏ¿©, ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ
´ë´ä ´ë½Å¿¡, Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾î¶² ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ
¹®Á¦- ¹ý·ü, »ó¾÷, ±¹°¡, ¶Ç´Â ¹®¸í- ¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇϱâ
½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ Á¤Ä¡°¡³ª °Ë»ç¶ó¸é ±×´Â ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ
¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¡®±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ, ³ªÀÇ »îÀ» °³¼±ÇϰíÀÚ,
±×°Íµé¿¡ Âü¿©Çϱ⸦ Áß´ÜÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¹ý°ú Áú¼´Â ¾î¶»°Ô
À¯ÁöµÇ°Ú´Â°¡?¡¯ ±×°¡ »ç¾÷°¡¶ó¸é, ¡®»ç¾÷Àº ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ
°ÍÀΰ¡?¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡®±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ, ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
»îÀ» °³¼±Çϱâ À§Çؼ, ³»°¡ ÇùÁ¶ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¹®¸íÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡¯ ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ
¸ñÀûÀÌ ±×°¡ ¾ðÁ¦³ª µ¿°æÇÏ´ø ¼±À» ÀÌ·ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±¹°¡, »ç¾÷ ¶Ç´Â ¹®¸í¿¡ ºÀ»çÇϱâ À§ÇÔÀÎ °Íó·³ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀº ½ÅÀÚ¿Í Ã¶ÇÐÀÚµé°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù.
°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±×´Â º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦·Î
´ëüÇϸé¼, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â
¾Æ¹«·± ´ë´äµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â ÂüµÈ »îÀÇ
öÇÐÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¼öÄ¡¸¦
´À³¤´Ù. |
|
He is ashamed because he feels himself to be in the humiliating
position of one who has no philosophy of life; whereas man never has
lived, and cannot live, without a philosophy of life. Only in our
Christian world instead of a philosophy of life and an explanation why
life should be such and not other- that is to say, instead of a religion-
we
have merely an explanation of why life should be what it once used to be,
and something is called religion which is of no sort of use to anybody and
life itself has become emancipated from any sort of teaching - that is to
say, it lacks any definition. |
±×°¡ ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ´À³¢´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×°¡ ¾Æ¹«·± »îÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÌ
¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ °°Àº ±¼¿åÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À³¢±â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; »îÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÌ ¾øÀÌ´Â, »ç¶÷Àº °áÄÚ »ì¾Æ¿Â
ÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, »ì ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³
¼¼»ó¸¸ÀÌ, »îÀÇ Ã¶Çаú »îÀº ¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé,
Á¾±³ ´ë½Å¿¡- »ì¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çϴ°¡ÀÇ ¼³¸í ´ë½Å¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â
´ÜÁö ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÌ ¿Ö °ú°Å¿¡ »îÀÌ ±×·¯Çß´ø °Íó·³
µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¼³¸í¸¸À» µéÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾î´À
´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¾Æ¹«·± °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø´Â ¼ÒÀ§ Á¾±³¶ó´Â ¾î¶²
°Í°ú »î ÀÚü´Â, ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅ͵µ
ÇØ¹æµÇ¾ú´Ù- Áï, »îÀº ¾î¶² Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °á¿©ÇÏ°Ô µÈ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Nor is that all: as always occurs, science has ac¡©cepted this
accidental, monstrous position our society is in as a law for all
humanity. Tiele, Herbert Spencer, and others treat of religion quite
seriously, understanding by it a metaphysical teaching con¡©cerning the
origin of all things, and without sus¡©pecting that they are talking not
of the whole of religion but of only a part of it. |
¾Æ´Ï À̰ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù: ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×·¯ÇϵíÀÌ,
°úÇÐÀº ¿ì¸® »çȸ°¡ óÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¿ì¿¬ÀûÀÌ°í ±«»óÇÑ
óÁö¸¦ ¸ðµç Àηù¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢À¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Æ¿·¹, Çã¹öÆ® ½ºÆæ¼, ±×¸®°í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¾±³¸¦
¸Å¿ì ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç¸ç, Á¾±³¸¦ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ¿¡ °üÇÑ
ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ
Àüü Á¾±³¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ À̾߱âÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÁ÷
±× ÀϺθ¸À» À̾߱âÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀüÇô ÀǽÉÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
From this has arisen the amazing phenomenon that in our age we see wise
and learned people most naively convinced that they are free from all re¡©ligion
merely because they do not acknowledge the metaphysical explanations of
the origin of things which at some period and for some people served as an
explanation of life. It does not enter their heads that they have got to
live somehow and do live somehow, and that whatever it is that induces
them to live so and not otherwise is their religion. These people imagine
that they have very elevated con¡©victions but no faith. But whatever they
may say, they have a faith if they perform any reasonable actions. For
reasonable actions are always denned by one's faith. And the actions of
these people are defined solely by the faith that one must always do what
one is ordered to do. The religion of these people who do not acknowledge
religion is the religion of submission to all that is done by the powerful
majority, or, more briefly, it is the religion of submission to the
existing authorities. |
À̷κÎÅÍ ³î¶ó¿î Çö»óÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù, Áï, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
½Ã´ë¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â Çö¸íÇϰí ÇнÄÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀº
¸ðµç Á¾±³¿¡¼ ÇØ¹æµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¼ø¼öÇÏ°Ô È®½ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº, ¾î¶² ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾î¶²
»ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ »îÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÌ µÇ¾î¿Ô´ø, »ç¹°ÀÇ ±â¿ø¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ ¼³¸íµéÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¾î·µç »ì¾Æ ¿Ô°í, ¾î·µç »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í
±×µéÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×ó·³ »ìµµ·Ï À¯µµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö
±×µéÀÇ Á¾±³¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ µé¾î¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¸Å¿ì °í»óÇÑ ½Å³äµéÀ»
°¢Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ½Å¾ÓÀº °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í »ó»óÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇϵçÁö, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¶²
ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº Á¾±³¸¦ °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ °áÁ¤µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
ÇàÀ§µéÀº, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°¡ ÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·É¹ÞÀº °ÍÀ» ¾ðÁ¦³ª
ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼, Á¤ÀǵȴÙ. Á¾±³¸¦
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¾±³´Â ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø
´ë´Ù¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÇàÇØÁö´Â ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â
Á¾±³ÀÌ´Ù, ¾Æ´Ï, ´õ °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»Çؼ, ±×µéÀÇ Á¾±³´Â ±âÁ¸
±Ç·Âµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹Á¾ÀÇ Á¾±³ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
One may live according to the world's
teaching- that is to say, live
an animal life not acknowledging anything higher and more obligatory than
the decrees of the powers that be. But he who lives so cannot assert that
he is living rationally. Before asserting that we live rationally, we must
answer the question. What teaching about life do we consider rational? And
we unfortunates not merely have no such teaching but have even lost the
consciousness that any reasonable teaching about life is necessary. |
¿ì¸®´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§´ë·Î »ì¾Æ °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-
Áï,
Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ±Ç·ÂµéÀÇ ¸í·Éº¸´Ùµµ ´õ °í»óÇϰí Àǹ«ÀûÀÎ
°ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í µ¿¹°ÀûÀÎ »îÀ» »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
±×·¸°Ô »ç´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±×°¡ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î »ê´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î »ê´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â
¹Ýµå½Ã Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² °¡¸£Ä§À»
¿ì¸®´Â ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â°¡? ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® ºÒÇàÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±×·± °¡¸£Ä§À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
½ÉÁö¾î »î¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾î¶² ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â
Àǽĸ¶Àú ÀÒ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. |
|
Ask men of our day, believers or skeptics, what teaching they follow in
their lives. They will have to confess that they follow only one teaching,
the laws which are written by officials in the Judicial Department or in
the Legislative Assemblies and which are enforced by the police. That is
the only teaching our European people acknowledge. They know that that
teaching has not come down from heaven, nor from the prophets, nor from
sages; they constantly condemn the regulations made by those officials or
Legislative Assemblies, but all the same they acknowledge that teaching
and submit to its executors- the police; and they implicitly obey its most
terrible demands. If the officials or the Assemblies have written that
every young man must be ready to be abused, to be killed, and to murder
others- all the fathers and mothers who have reared sons submit to this law
written yester¡©day by a venal official and capable of being altered
to-morrow. |
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹°¾î º¸¶ó, ½Å¾ÓÀεéÀ̵ç,
ȸÀÇ·ÐÀÚµéÀ̵ç, ±×µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ »î¿¡¼ ¾î¶² °¡¸£Ä§À»
µû¸£°í Àִ°¡? ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ °¡Áö °¡¸£Ä§,
¹ý¹«¼ºÀ̳ª, ÀÔ¹ýºÎÀÇ °ü¸®µéÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç °æÂû¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ÁýÇàµÇ´Â ¹ý·üÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù°í °í¹éÇØ¾ß¸¸ µÉ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯·´ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±× °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ Çϴÿ¡¼µµ,
¼±ÁöÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅ͵µ, ÇöÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅ͵µ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÔÀ»
¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù; ±×µéÀº °ü¸®µéÀ̳ª ÀÔ¹ýºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¦Á¤µÈ
±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ºñ³ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×·¡µµ ±×µéÀº ±×
°¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ±× ÁýÇàÀÚµé- °æÂû- ¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÑ´Ù;
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ±× °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ °¡Àå ¹«¼¿î ¸í·ÉµéÀ»
¹«Á¶°Ç º¹Á¾ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ °ü¸®µéÀ̳ª ÀÇȸ°¡ ¸ðµç
û³âµéÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÆøÇà´çÇϰí, »ìÇØµÇ¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ»
»ìÇØÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹ýÀ» Á¦Á¤Çϸé, ÀÚ³àµéÀ»
¾çÀ°ÇÑ ¸ðµç ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀº ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ¾îÁ¦ Á¦Á¤µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ´ÙÀ½³¯ ÆóÁöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·±
¹ý·ü¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
The conception of law indubitably rational and made obligatory on
everyone by his inner conviction has been so lost in our society that the
existence among the Jewish people of a law which defines their whole life-
a law made obligatory not by com¡©pulsion but by the inner
consciousness of everyone - is considered an exceptional characteristic of
the Jewish race alone. That the Jews only obeyed what they in the depth of
their souls considered to be the undoubted truth received direct from God-
that is to say, obeyed only what was accordant with their conscience- is considered to be a Jewish peculiarity. It is considered to
be the normal condition natural to an educated man, that he should obey
what is notoriously written by contemptible people and put into operation
by policemen armed with pistols- things which each of them, or at least
the majority of them, consider to be wrong- that is to say dis¡©cordant
with their conscience. |
Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̸ç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÎ È®½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô Àǹ«°¡ µÇ´Â ¹ý·üÀÇ °³³äÀº ¿ì¸®
»çȸ¿¡¼ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ½ÇÁ¾µÇ¾î ¹ö·ÈÀ¸¸ç, À¯ÅÂÀεé
»çÀÌ¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ Àüü »îÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹ý·ü- °¾Ð¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÎ ÀǽĿ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
Àǹ«°¡ µÇ´Â ¹ý·ü- ÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â À¯Å ¹ÎÁ·¸¸ÀÇ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ
Ư¡À¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ À¯ÅÂÀε鸸ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ
¿µÈ¥ ±íÀº °÷¿¡¼ Çϳª´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á÷Á¢ ¹ÞÀº ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ
Áø¸®¶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁö´Â °ÍÀ» º¹Á¾ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °Í- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé,
¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À» º¹Á¾ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °Í- Àº
À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. ±³À°¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ
°æ¸ê¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¾ÇÀÇ·Î Á¦Á¤µÇ¸ç ÃÑÀ¸·Î
¹«ÀåÇÑ °æÂû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÁýÇàµÇ´Â ¹ýµé- ±×µé °¢ÀÚ°¡, ¾Æ´Ï
Àû¾îµµ ±×µé ´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¹ý·üµé- ´Ù½Ã
¸»Çϸé, ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ¾î±ß³ª´Â °Í- À» º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
´ç¿¬Çϸç Á¤»óÀûÀÎ »óÅ·Π¿©°ÜÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Vainly have I sought in our civilized world for any clearly expressed
moral principles for life. There are none. There is not even a recognition
that they are needed. There is even a strange conviction that they are not
needed, that religion consists only in certain words about a future life,
about God, in certain ceremonies very useful in the opinion of some people
for saving one's soul and of no sort of use at all in the opinion of
others, and that life goes on of itself and needs no principles or rules;
only one must do what is ordered! Of what forms the essence of belief- the
teaching about life and the explanation of its meaning- the first is
considered as unimportant and as not appertaining to belief; while the
second, namely, the explanation of a life that used to be lived, or
discussions and guesses at the historic course of life, is considered most
im¡©portant and serious. In all that forms the life of man- how to live,
whether to go or not to go to kill people, to go or not to go to try
people, whether to educate one's children in this way or in that- the
people of our world submit absolutely to others who are also in the
position of not themselves know¡©ing why they live and why they oblige
others to live this way and not that. |
ÇêµÇÀ̵µ ³ª´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®¸í ¼¼°è¿¡¼ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÈ ¾î¶² µµ´öÀû ¿ø¸®µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ã¾Æ
º¸¾Ò´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ÀνÄÁ¶Â÷ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
½ÉÁö¾î´Â ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ È®½ÅÀÌ
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áï, Á¾±³´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, Çϳª´Ô¿¡
´ëÇÑ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ¸»µé¿¡, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀǰßÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ±¸¿ø¿¡ ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
Àǰ߿¡´Â ÀüÇô ¾Æ¹« ¾µ¸ðµµ ¾ø´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Àǽĵ鿡
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »îÀº ½º½º·Î ÁøÇàÇÏ¸ç ¾Æ¹«·± ¿ø¸®³ª ¿øÄ¢µéÀÌ
ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù; ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸í·É¸¸ µû¸£¸é µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
½Å¾Ó- »î¿¡ °üÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ±× Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í- ÀÇ
º»ÁúÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, ÀüÀÚ´Â ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ¾Æ¹«·± °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁö¸ç,
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ÈÄÀÚ´Â, Áï, °ú°Å¿¡ »ì¾Æ ¿À´ø »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í,
¶Ç´Â »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀǵé°ú ÃßÃøµéÀº,
°¡Àå Áß¿äÇϸç ÁøÁöÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀ»
±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Í- ¾î¶»°Ô »ì °ÍÀΰ¡, »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á×ÀÌ·¯
°¥ °ÍÀΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é °¡Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡, »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀçÆÇÇÏ·¯
°¥ °ÍÀΰ¡ °¡Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ÀÌ·¸°Ô
¶Ç´Â Àú·¸°Ô °¡¸£Ä¥ °ÍÀΰ¡- ¿¡¼, ¿ì¸® ¼¼»óÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº,
ÀÚ±â Àڽŵ鵵 ¿Ö ±×µéÀÌ »ç´ÂÁö ±×¸®°í ¿Ö ±×µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·¸°Ô¸¸ »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸í·ÉÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£´Â
À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î º¹Á¾ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
And such a life people consider rational and they do not feel ashamed
of it. |
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »îÀ» »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù
±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀ» ºÎ²ô·¯¿öÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
The divergence between the explanation of the thing which we call
faith, and faith itself which is called social or political life, has now
reached the utmost limit, and all the civilized majority of man¡©kind are
left with no guidance for life except a faith in the gendarme and the
policeman. |
¿ì¸®°¡ ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í°ú, »çȸÀû
Á¤Ä¡Àû »îÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ½Å¾Ó ±× ÀÚü¿ÍÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ÀÌÁ¦
±ØÇÑ¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¶úÀ¸¸ç, ´ë´Ù¼ö ¹®¸íÀÎ ¸ðµÎ´Â °æÂû°ú
Ä¡¾ÈÆÇ»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾Ó ¿Ü¿¡´Â »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± Áöħµµ
³²¾Æ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. |
|
The position would be terrible if it were quite like that. But
fortunately, even in our day, there are men, the best men of our time, who
are not satisfied with such a faith and who have a belief of their own as
to how men should live. |
¸¸ÀÏ »óŰ¡ ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù¸é ÀÌ »óÅ´ ¹«¼¿ï
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ÙÇེ·´°Ôµµ, ½ÉÁö¾î ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡µµ,
»ç¶÷µéÀº, ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾Ó¿¡
¸¸Á·ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡
´ëÇØ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ç»óÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
These people are considered the most harmful, dangerous, and, above
all, irreligious people; yet they are the only faithful people of our
time, and are not only believers in general but believers in the teaching
of Christ, or if not in his whole teaching at least in a small part of it. |
ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡Àå ÇØ·Î¿ì¸ç À§ÇèÇϰí, ¹«¾ù º¸´Ùµµ,
½Å¾Ó½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µé·Î ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®
½Ã´ëÀÇ °¡Àå ½Å¾Ó½ÉÀÌ ±íÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ̸ç, º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ
½Å¾ÓÀεéÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
½Å¾ÓÀεéÀÌ´Ù, ¾Æ´Ï ±×ÀÇ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§ ÀüºÎ´Â
¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ Àû¾îµµ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
These people often have no knowledge of Christ's teaching, do not
accept it, and often like their opponents, do not accept the chief
groundwork of the Christian faith- non-resistance to him that is evil. They
often even hate Christ; but their whole belief of what life should be like
is drawn from the teaching of Christ. However much these people may be
persecuted, however much they may be slandered, they are the only people
who do not un-murmuringly submit to all that is decreed, and therefore
they are the only people in our world who are living not an animal but a
rational life- they are the only believers. |
ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡²û ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¸ð¸£¸ç,
±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÌÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í °¡²û ±×µéÀÇ
¹Ý´ëÀÚµéó·³, ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ø¸®- ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×- ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÌÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î
°¡²ûÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ Áõ¿ÀÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª »îÀÌ ¹«¾ùó·³
µÇ¾î¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µé Àüü ½Å¾ÓÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶² ¹ÚÇØ¸¦
¹Þ´Â´Ù ÇÏ¿©µµ, ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¶² ºñ³À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ,
¸í·É¹ÞÀº ¸ðµç ÀÏ¿¡ ±º¼Ò¸® ¾øÀÌ º¹Á¾ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº µ¿¹°ÀûÀÎ »îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ°¡´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù- Áï, ±×µéÀÌ
À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀεéÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The thread connecting the world with the Church that used to give the
world a meaning has become ever weaker and weaker as the essence, the sap
of life, has more and more flowed over to the world. And now, when the sap
has all flowed over, the connecting cord has become a mere hindrance. |
¼¼»ó¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ÁÖ¾î¿À´ø ±³È¸¿Í ¼¼°è¸¦ À̾îÁÖ´Â
²öÀº Á¡Á¡ ¾àÇØÁ®¼ Á¤¼ö´Â, »ý¸íÀÇ È°·ÂÀº, Á¡Á¡ ´õ
¼¼»óÀ¸·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡¹ö·È´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× »ý±â´Â ¸ðµÎ
Èê·¯ °¡¹ö¸®°í, ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ²öÀº ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¹æÇع°ÀÌ
µÇ¾î¹ö·È´Ù. |
|
That is the mysterious process of birth which is being performed before
our eyes. At one and the same time the last bond with the Church is being
dissolved and the independent process of life is being established. |
À̰ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ´« ¾Õ¿¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÅºñÇÑ Åº»ýÀÇ
°úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±³È¸¿ÍÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· À¯´ë´Â »ç¶óÁ®
¹ö¸®°í »îÀÇ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ °úÁ¤Àº ¼¼¿öÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù. |
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Church teaching (with its dogmas, councils, and hierarchy) is
undoubtedly connected with Christ's teaching. That connexion is as
evident as the connexion of a new-born babe with its mother's womb. But
if the navel-cord and the afterbirth become unnecessary bits of flesh,
which from respect for what they have preserved must be care¡©fully buried
in the earth, so also the Church has become an unnecessary, obsolete
organ, which, merely from respect for what it once was, should now be
hidden away somewhere far off. Directly the breathing and the circulation
of the blood has been established, the bond which was formerly the source
of nourishment becomes a hindrance. And efforts to maintain that connexion
and compel the babe that has now come into the world to nourish itself
through the navel-cord, and not to live by means of its own mouth and
lungs, are irrational. |
±³¸®µé, °øÈ¸, ±×¸®°í ¼ºÁ÷ °è±ÞÀ» °¡Áø ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§Àº ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú
¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·± ¿¬°áÀº °« ÅÂ¾î³ ¾Æ±â¿Í ±×
¸ðüÀÇ ÀڱðúÀÇ ¿¬°áó·³ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ
ÅÈÁÙ°ú ŹÝÀÌ ½ÅüÀÇ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö¸°´Ù¸é,
±×°ÍµéÀº, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ô´ø Á¸°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô
¶¥¿¡ ¹¯ÇôÁ®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù, ÀÌó·³, ±³È¸ ¿ª½Ã ºÒÇÊ¿äÇϸç
¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â ±â°üÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö·È´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×°ÍÀÌ
°ú°Å¿¡ ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ô´ø Á¸°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ÀÌÁ¦´Â Àú ¸Ö¸®
¾îµò°¡¿¡ ¼û°ÜÁ®¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. È£Èí°ú ÇÇÀÇ ¼øÈ¯ÀÌ
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¾çºÐÀÇ Ãâó°¡ µÇ¾ú´ø ²öÀº
Àå¾Ö¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿¬°áÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á´Â
³ë·Âµé°ú ÀÌÁ¦ ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Â ¾Æ±â¿¡°Ô, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
ÀÔ°ú ÇãÆÄ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ìµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÅÈÁÙÀ»
ÅëÇÏ¿© ¾çºÐÀ» ¾òµµ·Ï °¿äÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù. |
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But the babe's emancipation from its mother's womb is not yet life.
The life of the child depends on the setting up of a new connexion with
its mother for the supply of nutriment. And the same must be accomplished
for our Christian world. Christ's teaching has borne our world and
brought it to life. The Church- one of the organs of Christ's teaching -
has done its part and has become unnecessary and a hindrance. The world
cannot be guided by the Church, but the emancipation of the world from the
Church is not yet life. Its life will come when it realizes its impotence
and feels the necessity of fresh nourishment. And this must occur with our
Christian world: it must cry out with consciousness of its impotence. Only
consciousness of its im¡©potence, consciousness of the impossibility of re¡©ceiving
nourishment as heretofore and of the impossibility of obtaining any other
nourishment than that of its mother's milk (Christ's teaching) will
bring it to its mother's breasts, swollen as they are with milk. |
±×·¯³ª ¾Æ±âÀÇ ¸ðü·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ÇØ¹æÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ »îÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ »îÀº ¿µ¾çÀÇ °ø±ÞÀ» À§ÇÑ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿ÍÀÇ
»õ·Î¿î ¿¬°áÀÇ È®¸³¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¶È °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ ¼¼°è¿¡¼µµ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ºÃëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀ» ³º¾Ò°í ¼¼»ó¿¡
»îÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±³È¸´Â- ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ±â°üµé ÁßÀÇ
Çϳª·Î¼- ±× ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇß´Ù ±×¸®°í Çʿ䰡
¾ø¾îÁ³À¸¸ç Àå¾Ö¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼¼»óÀº ±³È¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
ÀεµµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±³È¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼¼»óÀÇ ÇØ¹æÀº ¾ÆÁ÷
»îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ »îÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹«´ÉÀ» ±ú´Ý°í
½Å¼±ÇÑ ¾çºÐÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ´À³¥ ¶§ ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í
À̰ÍÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀϾ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù:
»îÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹«´ÉÇÔÀ» ÀǽÄÇÏ°í¼ ¿ÜÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷
»îÀÇ ¹«´ÉÇÔÀ» ÀνÄÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¿©Å±îÁöó·³ ¾çºÐÀ»
¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, ¸ðÀ¯ÀÇ ¿µ¾çÀ» ¾òÁö ¾Ê°í´Â
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â ÀνÄÀÌ, Á¥ÀÌ Â÷¼ ºÎǬ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ
Á¥°¡½¿À¸·Î, »îÀ» µ¥·Á´Ù ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
In our European world, superficially self-confident, bold and
resolute, but in the depth of its consciousness frightened and perplexed,
the same thing is occurring as happens with a new-born babe: it flings
itself about, fidgets, cries, pushes as though it were angry, and it does
not understand what it has to do. It feels that its former source of
nourish¡©ment has dried up, but it does not know where to seek fresh
nourishment. |
¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯·´ ¼¼°è¿¡¼µµ, ¿Ü°ü»óÀ¸·Î Àڽſ¡
°¡µæ Â÷°í, ´ë´ãÇϸç ÀÇ¿åÀûÀÌÁö¸¸, »îÀÇ ÀνÄÀÇ ±íÀº
°÷¿¡¼ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ¸ç ´çȲÇϸé¼, ½Å»ý¾Æ¿¡°Ô ÀϾ´Â
°Í°ú ¶È °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù: »îÀº ½º½º·Î
À̸®Àú¸® ³¯¶Ù¸ç, ¾È´ÞÀ» Çϸç, ¼Ò¸®Áö¸£°í, Ȱ¡ ³
°Íó·³ ¹Ð¾î Á¦Ä£´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦
±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. »îÀº ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¾çºÐÀÇ Ãâó°¡ ¸»¶ó
¹ö·È´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À³¤´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ½Å¼±ÇÑ ¾çºÐÀ» ¾îµð¼
±¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. |
|
A new-born lambkin moves his eyes and his ears, shakes his tail, jumps,
and kicks. To judge by his assurance it seems as though he knew
everything, but he, poor little thing, knows nothing. All this confidence
and energy is the result of his mother's juices, the transfer of which
has now ceased and cannot be renewed. He is in a happy but at the same
time a desperate condition. He is full of freshness and strength; but he
is lost unless he takes to his mother's teats. |
°« ÅÂ¾î³ ¾î¸° ¾çÀº ´«°ú ±Í¸¦ ÂбßÇϸç, ²¿¸®¸¦
Èçµé°í, ¶Ù¾î´Ù´Ï¸ç ¹ß±æÁúÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È®½ÅÀ¸·Î
ÆÇ´ÜÇϸé¼, ¸¶Ä¡ ±×°¡ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³
º¸ÀδÙ, ±×·¯³ª, °¡·ÃÇÑ ¾î¸° °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ
¸ðµç È®½Å°ú Á¤·ÂÀº ±×ÀÇ ¸ðüÀÇ ÈûÀÇ °á°úÀÌ´Ù, ÀÌÁ¦
±× ÈûÀÇ Àü´ÞÀº ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù ±×¸®°í µÇ»ì¾Æ ³¯ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
±×´Â ÇູÇÏÁö¸¸ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â
½Å¼±ÇÔ°ú ÈûÀ¸·Î °¡µæ Â÷ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ
Á¥²ÀÁö¿¡ ¸Å´Þ¸®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The same is occurring with our European world. See what a complex,
seemingly reasonable, energetic life is seething in the world. It is as if
all these people knew what they were doing and why they were doing it all.
See how resolutely, confidently, and briskly the men of our world
undertake all that they do. Art, science, industry, social and state
activities- all is full of life. But it lives only because it has been till
recently nourished by its mother's juices through its navel-cord. There
used to be a Church which transmitted Christ's reasonable teaching to
the life of the world. All the energies of the world were nourished by it
and grew and developed. But the Church has played its part and dried up.
All the organs of the world are alive, the source of their former
nourishment is exhausted and they have not yet found a fresh one. They
seek it everywhere except from the mother from whom they have been
released. They, like the lambkin, still live by the former nourishment and
have not yet come to understand that only from their mother can food be
had, but that it must be got in a different way than formerly. |
¶È °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯·´ ¼¼°è¿¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
º¸¶ó, ¾ó¸¶³ª º¹ÀâÇϰí, ¾ð¶æ º¸±â¿¡ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̸ç,
¿Õ¼ºÇÑ »îÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ µé²ú°í Àִ°¡! ±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ÀÌ
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿Ö ±× ¸ðµç
°ÍÀ» ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. º¸¶ó,
¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÇ¿åÀûÀ̸ç, È®½Å¿¡ Â÷ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ȱ¹ßÇÏ°Ô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» °¨´çÇϰí
ÀÖ´ÂÁö! ¿¹¼ú, °úÇÐ, »ê¾÷, »çȸ ¹× ±¹°¡Àû Ȱµ¿µé- ¸ðµç
°ÍÀÌ »îÀ¸·Î °¡µæ Â÷ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ »îÀº ¿ÀÁ÷
±×°ÍÀÌ ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö ÅÈÁÙÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ ¸ðüÀÇ ¾çºÐÀ»
°ø±Þ¹Þ¾Æ ¿Ô±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ
°¡¸£Ä§À» ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »î¿¡ ÀüÇØÁÖ´ø ±³È¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Ȱ·ÂµéÀº ±³È¸¿¡¼ °ø±Þ ¹Þ°í ÀÚ¶ó¼
¼ºÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±³È¸´Â ±× ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¸¶ÃÆÀ¸¸ç
¸»¶ó¹ö·È´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â°üµéÀº »ì¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, °ú°Å¿¡
±×µéÀÇ ¾çºÐÀÇ ¿øÃµÀº °í°¥µÇ°í ±×µéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ »õ·Î¿î
°ÍÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ÇØ¹æµÈ ¸ðü¸¦
Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¸ðµç °÷¿¡¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ã°í ÀÕ´Ù. ±×µéÀº, ¾î¸°
¾çó·³, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¾çºÐÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷
±×µéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀº ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÀÌÀü°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ±ú´Ý°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
The business that now awaits the world consists in understanding that
the former process of un¡©conscious feeding is done with and that a new,
conscious process is necessary. |
¿À´Ã³¯ ¼¼»óÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â °úÁ¦´Â °ú°ÅÀÇ
¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ ¿µ¾ç ¼·Ãë´Â ³¡ÀÌ ³µÀ¸¸ç, »õ·Ó°í ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ
°úÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. |
|
That new process consists in conscious acceptance of those truths of
the Christian teaching which were formerly unconsciously imbibed by
humanity through the instrumentality of the Church, and by which humanity
still lives. Men must raise once more that light by which they lived but
which was hidden from them, and they must lift it high before themselves
and before others, and must consciously live by that light. |
ÀÌ·± »õ·Î¿î °úÁ¤Àº, °ú°Å¿¡ ±³È¸¶ó´Â µµ±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©
Àηù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î Èí¼öµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿¡
ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ¿© Áö±Ýµµ Àηù°¡ »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Â, ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Áø¸®µéÀ» ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÌ »ì¾Ò¾úÁö¸¸ Áö±ÝÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼û°ÜÁ®
ÀÖ´Â ±×·± ºûÀ» ´Ù½Ã Çѹø ³ô¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í
±×µéÀº ÀÚ½Åµé ¾Õ¿¡ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼ ±×°ÍÀ»
³ôÀÌ µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ±× ºûÀ» µû¶ó¼
ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
The teaching of Christ, as a religion defining life and explaining the
life of man, stands now, as it stood 1800 years ago, before the world. But
for¡©merly the world had the Church's explanations, which though they
hid the teaching nevertheless seemed to suffice for the world's former
life; now however a time has come when the Church has been outlived and
the world lacks explanation of its new life and cannot but feel its
impotence and therefore can no longer avoid accepting Christ's teaching. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, »îÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¸ç »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀ»
¼³¸íÇÏ´Â Á¾±³·Î¼, 1800³â Àü¿¡ ¼ ÀÖ´ø °Íó·³, Áö±Ýµµ
¼¼»ó ¾Õ¿¡ ¼ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ú°Å¿¡ ¼¼»óÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ
ÇØ¼®µéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´À¸¸ç, ±× ÇØ¼®Àº, ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀÌ
°¡¸£Ä§À» ¼û°åÁö¸¸, ±×·³¿¡µµ ¼¼»óÀÇ ÀÌÀü »î¿¡
ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù°í ´À²¸Á³Áö¸¸, ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ±³È¸°¡ ¼ö¸íÀ»
´ÙÇØ¹ö¸®°í, ¼¼»óÀº »õ·Î¿î »îÀÇ ÇØ¼®À» °®Áö ¸øÇϰí,
½º½º·ÎÀÇ ¹«´ÉÇÔÀ» ´À³¥ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÓÀ» ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö°¡
¾ø´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ µµ·¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
Christ teaches, first of all, that men should believe in the light
while the light is yet in them. Christ teaches that men should set that
light of reason above all else and should live in accord with it, not
doing things they themselves consider irrational. If you consider it
irrational to go to kill Turks or Germans- do not go; if you consider it
unreason¡©able forcibly to take the labor of the poor in order to wear a
silk hat or to tie yourself up in a corset, or to arrange a drawing-room
that will incommode you- do not do it; if you consider it unreasonable to
put men corrupted by idleness and bad company into prison, that is, into
the very worst company and the completest idleness- do not do it; if you
consider it irrational to live in an infected town atmosphere when it is
possible to live in pure air; or if you con¡©sider it unreasonable to
teach your children dead languages first of all and most of all, do not do
it. Only do not do what is done now by the whole of our European world,
namely, live a life you consider unreasonable, act while considering your
actions unreasonable, disbelieve in your reason and live in discord with
it. |
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °¡¸£Ä£´Ù, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ »ç¶÷µéÀº ºûÀÌ
±×µé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È ±× ºûÀ» ¹Ï¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â
°¡¸£Ä£´Ù, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× À̼ºÀÇ ºûÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ
À§¿¡ ³õ°í¼, ±× ºû¿¡ µû¶ó »ì¾Æ¾ß Çϸç, ÀڽŵéÀÌ
ºñÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍµéÀº ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ
´ç½ÅÀÌ Å;îŰÀεéÀ̳ª µ¶ÀÏÀεéÀ» Á×ÀÌ·¯ °¡´Â °ÍÀÌ
ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù¸é- °¡Áö ¸»¶ó; ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ºñ´Ü
¸ðÀÚ¸¦ ¾²°Å³ª ¿ÜÅõ¸¦ µÎ¸£·Á Çϰí, ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¸¶À½¿¡
µéÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÀÁ¢½ÇÀ» ´ÜÀåÇϱâ À§Çؼ °¡³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
³ëµ¿À» °¾ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÂøÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í
¿©±ä´Ù¸é- ±×·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó; ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ °ÔÀ¸¸§À¸·Î
Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¨¿Á¿¡ ³Ö´Â °Í, Áï,
°¡Àå ÃÖ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í Áöµ¶ÇÑ °ÔÀ¸¸§À¸·Î ¹Ð¾î ³Ö´Â
°ÍÀÌ ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù¸é- ±×·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó; ¸¸ÀÏ
´ç½ÅÀÌ ½Å¼±ÇÑ °ø±â¸¦ ¸¶½Ã¸ç »ì ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ ¿À¿°µÈ
µµ½ÃÀÇ ´ë±â ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù¸é;
¾Æ´Ï ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ±×¸®°í °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô Á×Àº ¾ð¾îµéÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â °ÍÀÌ
ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù¸é, ±×·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ¿ÀÁ÷
¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯·´ ¼¼»ó Àüü¿¡¼ Áö±Ý ÇàÇØÁö´Â °Í, Áï,
´ç½ÅÀÌ ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â »îÀ» »ç´Â °Í- ´ç½ÅÀÇ
ÇൿµéÀÌ ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â¸é¼ ÇൿÇÏ´Â °Í, ´ç½ÅÀÇ
À̼ºÀ» ºÒ½ÅÇϸ鼵µ À̼º¿¡ ¾î±ß³ª°Ô »ç´Â °Í- À»
ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. |
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Christ's teaching is light. The light shines and the darkness
comprehendeth it not. One cannot refuse to accept the light when it
shines. One cannot dis¡©pute with it, it is impossible to dispute with it.
With Christ's teaching one cannot dispute, because it envelops all the
errors in which people live and does not collide with them, but like the
ether about which the physicists talk it permeates them all. The teaching
of Christ is equally unavoidable for every¡©one in our world whatever his
circumstances may be. Christ's teaching cannot but be accepted by men,
not because it is impossible to deny the meta¡©physical explanation of
life it gives (it is possible to deny it), but because it alone supplies
those rules of life without which humanity has not lived and cannot live,
and without which no man has lived or can live if he wishes to live as a
man- that is to say, to live a reasonable life. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ºûÀÌ´Ù. ºûÀº ºñÃß¸ç ¾îµÒÀº
ºûÀ» °¨½ÎÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ºûÀÌ ºñÃâ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ»
°ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ºû°ú ´ÙÅø ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ´ÙÅø ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¿À·ù¸¦ °¨½Î¸ç ±×°Íµé°ú
¸¶ÂûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Ä¡ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â
¿¡Å׸£Ã³·³ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¶Õ°í µé¾î¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¶È°°ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ¼¼»óÀÇ ´©±¸³ª ±×°¡
¾î¶² »óȲ¿¡ ÀÖµçÁö ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº
»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©ÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ ÁÖ´Â »îÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ ¼³¸íÀ»
ºÎÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó(±×°ÍÀ»
ºÎÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù), ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°Í ¸¸ÀÌ »îÀÇ
±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» Á¦°øÇϸç, ±× ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é Àηù´Â »ì¾Æ¿ÀÁö
¸øÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í »ì¼öµµ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±× ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¾î¶²
»ç¶÷µµ- ±×°¡ »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼ »ì°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ´Ù½Ã
¸»Çϸé, À̼ºÀûÀÎ »îÀ» »ì°í ½Í¾îÇÏ¿©µµ- »ìÁö ¸øÇßÀ»
°ÍÀÌ¸ç »ì¼öµµ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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The strength of Christ's teaching lies not in
its- explanation of the
meaning of life, but in what flows therefrom- the teaching of life.
Christ's meta¡©physical teaching is not new. It is still the same
teaching of humanity which is written in the hearts of men and which has
been taught by all the true sages of the world. But the strength of
Christ's teaching lies in the application of that metaphysical teaching
of life. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÈûÀº »îÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í¿¡
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±× °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼ Èê·¯³ª¿À´Â °Í- »î¿¡
´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§- ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ
°¡¸£Ä§Àº »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½
¼Ó¿¡ ¾²¿©Á® ÀÖ°í ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ÂüµÈ ¼ºÇöµéÀÌ °¡¸£ÃÄ ¿Â
°Í°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Àηù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÈûÀº ÀÌ °°Àº »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§À» Çö½Ç¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. |
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The metaphysical basis of the ancient teaching of the Jews and of
Christ is one and the same: love of God and of one's neighbor. But for
the appli¡©cation of that teaching of life according to Moses, as the Jews
understood it, the fulfillment of 613 commandments was necessary, many of
them sense¡©less and cruel and all resting on the authority of the
Scriptures. According to Christ's law the teaching of life which flows
from that same metaphysical basis is expressed in five commandments, which
are reasonable, beneficent, carry in themselves their meaning and
justification, and embrace the whole life of man. |
À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ °í´ëÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ ±âÃÊ´Â ÇϳªÀÌ¸ç ¶È°°´Ù: Çϳª´Ô°ú
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ð¼¼¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÀÌ
°°Àº »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àû¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÌ
ÀÌÇØÇÏ´ø ¹Ù¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, 613°³ÀÇ °è¸íµéÀ» ½ÇõÇÒ °ÍÀÌ
¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×°Íµé ÁßÀÇ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀº ¹«ÀǹÌÇϸç
ÀÜÀÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¼º¼ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¶È °°Àº ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ
±âÃʷκÎÅÍ Èê·¯ ³ª¿À´Â »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ, ¿ÀÁ÷ ´Ù¼¸
°¡ÁöÀÇ °è¸íµé ¾È¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀº ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̰í,
ÀÚºñ·Î¿ì¸ç, °è¸íµé ÀÚü¿¡¼ ½º½º·ÎÀÇ Àǹ̿Í
Ÿ´ç¼ºÀ» Áö´Ï¸ç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ Àüü »îÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. |
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Christ's teaching cannot but be accepted by those believing Jews,
Buddhists, Mohammedans, and others who have begun to doubt the validity of
their own law. Still less can it be rejected by those of our Christian
world who now lack any moral law whatever. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ¹ÏÀ½À» °¡Áø À¯ÅÂÀεé,
ºÒ±³Àεé, ȸ±³Àεé, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ
Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ÀǽÉÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ ±âŸ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏ ¼ö
¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ µµ¹«Áö ¾î¶°ÇÑ µµ´öÀû À²¹ýµµ °¡Áö°í
ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ ¼¼»óÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼µµ
°ÅºÎµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Àû´Ù. |
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Christ's teaching does not dispute with the men of our world about
their conception of the world; it agrees with it in advance and, including
this in itself, gives them what they lack, what is in¡©dispensable to
them, and what they are searching for; it gives them a way of life, and
one not novel to them but long familiar and akin to them all. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿ì¸® ¼¼»óÀÇ »ç¶÷µé°ú ±×µéÀÇ
¼¼°è°ü¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¸¶ÂûÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ³ª¾Æ°¡¼
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¼¼°è°ü°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù ±×¸®°í,
¼¼°è°üÀ» °¡¸£Ä§ ¾È¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇϸé¼, ±×µéÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ °Í,
±×µé¿¡°Ô ¾ø¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÉ °Í, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ Ãß±¸Çϰí
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁØ´Ù; ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ±×µé¿¡°Ô »îÀÇ
¹æ¹ýÀ» ÁÖÁö¸¸, ±×µé¿¡°Ô »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µé
¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ¿À·§µ¿¾È Ä£¼÷ÇÏ´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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You are a believing Christian of whatever sect or confession. You
believe in the creation of the world, in the Trinity, in the fall and
redemption of man, in the sacraments, in prayers, and in the Church.
Christ's teaching not only does not argue with you, but fully agrees
with your outlook on the world; it merely adds something you have not got.
Retaining your present belief you feel that the life of the world and your
own life is filled with evil and you do not know how to avoid it.
Christ's teaching (obligatory for you because it is the teach¡©ing of
your God) gives you simple, practicable rules of life which will free you
and other people fro | |