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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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IX. FAITH AND WORKS

IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§

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Were all people to fulfill Christ's teaching the king¡©dom of God would have come on earth; if I alone fulfill it, I do the best that is possible for myself and for all men. Without the fulfillment of the teaching of Christ there is no salvation. 'But how is one to get the faith to fulfill it, always to follow it, and never to be unfaithful to it?' 'Lord, I believe; help Thou my unbelief.'

¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹Àº Áö»ó¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ¸¸ÀÏ ³ª È¥ÀÚ¸¸ÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ³ª ÀڽŰú ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±¸¿øµµ ¾ø´Ù. ¡®±×·¸Áö¸¸ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇϰí, ¾ðÁ¦³ª µû¸£¸ç, ±×¸®°í °áÄÚ ºÒÃæ½Ç ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?¡¯ ¡®ÁÖ¿©, ³ª´Â ¹Ï³ªÀÌ´Ù; ³ªÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½ ¾øÀ½À» µµ¿ÍÁÖ¼Ò¼­.¡¯

The disciples asked Christ to confirm their faith; 'I wish to do good, but I do evil', says the Apostle Paul.

Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ±»°Ô ÇØ´Þ¶ó°í ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô ¾Ö¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù; »çµµ ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®³ª´Â ¼±À» ¹Ù¶ó¸é¼­µµ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇϵµ´Ù¡¯.

'It is hard to be saved', men in general say and think.

¡®±¸¿øÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ´Ù¡¯°í »ç¶÷µéÀº ÈçÈ÷ ¸»ÇÏ°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

A man is sinking and asks to be saved; a rope is thrown him which alone can save him, and the drowning man says: 'Confirm my faith that the rope will save me. I believe', says he, 'that the rope will save me, but help my unbelief.'

ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹°¿¡ °¡¶ó ¾ÉÀ¸¸é¼­ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¿äûÇß´Ù; ¹åÁÙÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ´øÁ®Á³À¸¸ç ±×°Í¸¸ÀÌ ±×¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯ÀÚ ¹°¿¡ ºüÁø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®±× ¹åÁÙÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ³ªÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÁֽÿÀ. ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¹åÁÙÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ªÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½ ¾øÀ½À» µµ¿Í ÁֽÿÀ.¡¯

What does this mean? If the man does not seize the thing that can save him it only means that he does not understand his position.

À̰ÍÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¸»Àΰ¡? ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹åÁÙÀ» ÀâÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »óȲÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

How could a Christian, believing in the divinity of Christ and all his teachings (however he under¡©stand them), say that he wishes to believe but cannot? God himself, coming to earth, said: You have before you everlasting torment, fire, everlast¡©ing infernal darkness- and here is your salvation-  in my teaching and in its fulfillment.

¾î¶»°Ô ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ½Å¼º°ú ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç °¡¸£Ä§µéÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸é¼­µµ(±×°ÍµéÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌÇØÇϵçÁö), ¹Ï±âµé ¿øÇÏÁö¸¸ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ, ÀÌ ¶¥ À§¿¡ ¿Í¼­, ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ³ÊÈñ ¾Õ¿¡ ¿µ¿øÇÑ °íÅë, ºÒ, ¿µ¿øÇÑ Áö¿ÁÀÇ ¾îµÒÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù- ±×¸®°í ¿©±â¿¡ ±¸¿øÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù- ³ªÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇ϶ó.

It is impossible for such a Christian not to believe in the offered salvation, not to fulfill it, and to say, 'Help thou my unbelief.

±×·¯ÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ, Á¦½ÃµÈ ±¸¿øÀ» ¹ÏÁöµµ ¾Ê°í, °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­, ¡®³ªÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½ ¾øÀ½À» µµ¿Í ÁÖ¼Ò¼­¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù.

In order that man might say that, he must disbelieve in his own destruction and must believe that he will not perish.

»ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×·± ¸»À» ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×´Â Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÆÄ¸êÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á×Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ» ¹Ï¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

Children jump from a ship into the water. They are still upheld by the current, by their clothes which are not yet soaked, and by their own feeble movements, and they do not understand their peril. From above, from the departing ship, a rope is thrown to them; they are told that they will cer¡©tainly perish, and are begged by those on the ship to save themselves (the parables of the woman who found a piece of silver, of the shepherd who found a lost sheep, of the supper, and of the prodigal son, speak only of this). But the children do not believe; they disbelieve, not in the rope but in the fact that they are perishing; other frivolous children like themselves have assured them that they will always continue merrily bathing even after the ship has gone. They do not believe that their clothes will soon be soaked, that their little arms will be tired, that they will begin to gasp, will be choked, and will go to the bottom; they do not believe in all this, and solely for that reason do not believe in the rope which would save them.

¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¹è¿¡¼­ ¹°·Î ¶Ù¾îµç´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¹°ÀÇ È帧 ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×µéÀÇ ¿ÊµéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ¹°ÀÌ ±íÀÌ ½º¸çµéÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¹Ì¾àÇÑ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ ¶§¹®¿¡, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¶°ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀڽŵéÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. À§¿¡¼­, ¸Ö¾îÁ® °¡´Â ¹è·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¹åÁÙ Çϳª°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ´øÁ® Áø´Ù; ±×µéÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á×À» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» µè´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹è À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹åÁÙÀ» Àâ°í¼­ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ±¸Ç϶ó°í ¾Ö¿øÀ» ÇÑ´Ù (ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° µ¿ÀüÀ» ãÀº ºÎÀÎ, ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ¾çÀ» ã´Â ¸ñµ¿, ÅÁÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÀ¯°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù). ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×µéÀº ¹åÁÙ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀÌ Á׾°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; Àڽŵé°ú °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ °æ¼ÖÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ½ÉÁö¾î ¹è°¡ °¡¹ö·Áµµ ¾ðÁ¦±îÁö Áñ°Ì°Ô Çì¾öÄ¡°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±×µéÀ» ¾È½É½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿ÊÀÌ °ð ¹°À» Èí¼öÇϰí, ±×µéÀÇ Á¶±×¸¸ ÆÈµéÀÌ ÁöÃļ­, Çã´ö°Å¸®´Ù°¡ ¼ûÀÌ ¸·Çô¼­ ¹Ù´Ú¿¡ °¡¶ó¾ÉÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×µéÀº ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀ» ±¸ÇÒ ¹åÁÙÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

As the children who have fallen from the ship do not believe that they will perish, and therefore do not catch at the rope, so people who believe in the immortality of the soul have convinced themselves that they are not perishing, and therefore they do not obey the teaching of Christ-God. They do not believe in that which it is impossible to disbelieve, and this simply because they believe in that which it is impossible to believe.

¹è¿¡¼­ ¶³¾îÁø ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ Á״´ٴ °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼­ ¹åÁÙÀ» ÀâÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ºÒ¸êÀ» ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ±×µéÀÌ Á×Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÎ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» º¹Á¾ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, À̰ÍÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

And so they call to someone: 'Confirm in us the belief that we are not perishing.'

±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ´©±¸¿¡°Õ°¡ µµ¿òÀ» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù: ¡®¿ì¸®°¡ Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½À» ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô È®ÀνÃÄÑ ÁÖ¼Ò¼­.¡¯

But this it is impossible to do; in order that they should have faith that they will not perish they must cease to do the things that destroy them and must begin to do the things that save them-  they must catch at the rope which would save them and they do not wish to do this but to assure themselves that they are not perishing, despite the fact that one after another their comrades perish before their eyes. And this desire of theirs to believe in that which is not true, they call faith. It is natural that they always have little faith and want to have more.

±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù; ±×µéÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áö·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀڽŵéÀ» ÆÄ¸êÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» Áß´ÜÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ±×¸®°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀڽŵéÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù- ±×µéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀڽŵéÀ» ±¸ÇØÁÙ ¹åÁÙÀ» ºÙµé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇàÇϱ⸦ ¿øÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­, ÇÑ »ç¶÷¾¿ Â÷·Ê´ë·Î µ¿¹«µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ´« ¾Õ¿¡¼­ Á×¾î °£´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ±×µéÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í È®½ÅÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù, ±×¸®°í Áø¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸·Á ÇÏ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¼Ò¸ÁÀ» ±×µéÀº ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀûÀº ¹ÏÀ½À» °¡Áö¸ç ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹ÏÀ½À» ¹Ù¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù.

Only when I understood the teaching of Christ did I understand also that what these people call faith is not faith, and that this false faith is what the Apostle James rejected in his Epistle. (That Epistle was long not acknowledged by the Church, and when it was accepted it underwent certain per¡©versions, some words were thrown out, and some transposed or arbitrarily translated. I follow the accepted translation, merely correcting the in¡©accuracies, in accordance with Tischendorf's text.)

³»°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´À» ¶§, ³ª´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±×¸®°í »çµµ ¾ß°íº¸°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¼­ÇÑ¿¡¼­ °ÅºÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± °ÅÁþµÈ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ´Ù. (ÀÌ ¼­ÇÑÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±³È¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀÎÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¼­ÇÑÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ºÎºÐµéÀº ¿Ö°îµÇ¾ú°í ¾î¶² ¸»µéÀº »èÁ¦µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾î¶² ºÎºÐÀº ¹Ù²î¾îÁ®¼­ ÀÓÀÇ´ë·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±ÇÀ§ÀÖ´Â ¹ø¿ªº»À» µû¶úÀ¸¸ç, ´ÜÁö Á¤È®Ä¡ ¾ÊÀº °ÍµéÀ» Ƽ¼¾µµ¸£ÇÁ »çº»¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏ¿© ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.)

James ii. 14-22, 24, 26: 'What doth it profit, my brethren', says James, 'if a man say he hath faith, and have not works? can that faith save him? If a brother or sister be naked, and in lack of daily food and one of you say unto them. Go in peace, be ye warmed and filled; and yet ye give them not the things needful to the body; what doth it profit? Even so faith, if it have not works, is dead in itself. Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: show me thy faith apart from thy works, and I by my works will show thee my faith. Thou believest that God is one; thou doest well: the devils also believe, and shudder. But wilt thou know, 0 vain man, that faith apart from works is barren? Was not Abraham our father justified by works, in that he had offered up Isaac his son upon the altar? Thou seest that faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect. . . . Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith. For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.'

¾ß°íº¸¼­ 2Àå 14-22, 24, 26Àý: ¡®³» ÇüÁ¦µé¾Æ ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ÀÖ³ë¶ó Çϰí ÇàÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¹«½¼ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸®¿ä. ±× ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ´ÉÈ÷ Àڱ⸦ ±¸¿øÇϰڴÀ³Ä? ¸¸ÀÏ ÇüÁ¦³ª ÀڸŰ¡ Çæ¹þ°í ÀÏ¿ëÇÒ ¾ç½ÄÀÌ ¾ø´Âµ¥ ³ÊÈñ Áß¿¡ ´©±¸µçÁö ±×¿¡°Ô À̸£µÇ, Æò¾ÈÈ÷ °¡¶ó, ´õ¿ó°Ô Ç϶ó, ¹è ºÎ¸£°Ô Ç϶ó ÇÏ¸ç ±× ¸ö¿¡ ¾µ°ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¸é ¹«½¼ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸®¿ä? ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇàÇÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹ÏÀ½Àº ±× ÀÚü°¡ Á×Àº °ÍÀ̶ó. ȤÀÌ °¡·ÎµÇ ³Ê´Â ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ³ª´Â ÇàÇÔÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ÇàÇÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â ³× ¹ÏÀ½À» ³»°Ô º¸À̶ó, ³ª´Â ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ³» ¹ÏÀ½À» ³×°Ô º¸À̸®¶ó. ³×°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀº ÇÑ ºÐÀ̽ŠÁÙÀ» ¹Ï´À³Ä ÀßÇϴµµ´Ù ±Í½Åµéµµ ¹Ï°í ¶°´À´Ï¶ó. ¾Æ¾Æ ÇãźÇÑ »ç¶÷¾Æ ÇàÇÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ Çê°ÍÀÎ ÁÙ ¾Ë°íÀÚ ÇÏ´À³Ä? ¿ì¸® Á¶»ó ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÌ ±× ¾Æµé ÀÌ»èÀ» Á¦´Ü¿¡ µå¸± ¶§¿¡ ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÇ·Ó´Ù ÇϽÉÀ» ¹ÞÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï³Ä? ³×°¡ º¸°Å´Ï¿Í ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÇàÇÔ°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÏÇϰí ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ¿ÂÀüÄÉ µÇ¾ú´À´Ï¶ó¡¦ÀÌ·Î º¸°Ç´ë »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÇ·Ó´Ù ÇϽÉÀ» ¹Þ°í ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï´Ï¶ó. ¿µÈ¥ ¾ø´Â ¸öÀÌ Á×Àº °Í °°ÀÌ ÇàÇÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹ÏÀ½Àº Á×Àº °ÍÀ̴϶ó.¡¯

James says that the only signs of faith are the works which flow from it, and that therefore faith from which works do not flow is a matter of mere words, which, as they will not feed anyone, will also not justify anyone or save him, and therefore faith from which works do not flow is not faith but only the desire to believe something: only a mistaken as¡©sertion in words that I believe what I do not believe.

¾ß°öÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ½Å¾ÓÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Ç¥½Ã´Â ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯³ª¿À´Â ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇàÀ§°¡ Èê·¯³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Å¾ÓÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¸»Àå³­µéÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µµ ¸ÔÀÏ ¼ö ¾øµíÀÌ, ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ Á¤´çÈ­Çϰųª ±×µé ±¸¿øÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇàÀ§°¡ Èê·¯³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Å¾ÓÀº ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¹Ï°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Èñ¸ÁÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù: ³»°¡ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â ¸»ÀÇ ±×¸©µÈ ÁÖÀåÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

Faith, according to this definition, is that which promotes deeds, and deeds are what faith produces- that is to say, that which makes faith really faith. The Jews said to Christ (John vi. 30), 'What then doest thou for a sign, that we may see, and believe thee? What workest thou?'

ÀÌ·± Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ´Ù¸£¸é, ½Å¾ÓÀº ÇàÀ§¸¦ Àå·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ÇàÀ§µéÀº ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ½Å¾ÓÀ» ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù(¿äÇѺ¹À½6Àå 30Àý), ¡®±×·¯¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» º¸°í ¹Ï°ÔÇϴ ǥÀûÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÌ´ÏÀ̱î? ÇϽô ÀÏÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÌ´ÏÀ̱î?

That is what was said to him when he was on the cross (Mark xv. 32): 'Let the Christ, the King of Israel, now come down from the cross, that we may see and believe.' (Matt. xxvii. 42): 'He saved others; himself he cannot save. He is the King of Israel; let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe on him.' And to this demand to increase their faith, Christ replies that their wish is vain and that nothing can compel them to believe that which they do not believe. (Luke xxii. 67) He said, 'If I tell you, ye will not believe'. (John x. 25-6) 'I told you, and ye believe not. But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep.'

À̰ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±×¿¡°Ô ÇÑ ¸»À̾ú´Ù(¸¶°¡º¹À½ 15Àå 32Àý): ¡®À̽º¶ó¿¤ ¿Õ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ Áö±Ý ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡¼­ ³»·Á¿Í ¿ì¸®·Î º¸°í ¹Ï°Ô ÇÒÂî¾î´Ù.¡¯ (¸¶Åº¹À½ 27Àå 42Àý): ¡®Àú°¡ ³²Àº ±¸¿øÇÏ¿´À¸µÇ ÀÚ±â´Â ±¸¿øÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ´Ù. Àú°¡ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ¿ÕÀ̷δÙ. Áö±Ý ½ÊÀÛ°¡¿¡¼­ ³»·Á ¿ÃÁö¾î´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ï°Ú³ë¶ó.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °­È­Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¿ä±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¿ä±¸°¡ ÇêµÈ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýµµ ±×µéÀÌ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» °­Á¦·Î ¹Ï°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ ¸»Çß´Ù(´©°¡º¹À½ 22Àå 67Àý): ¡®³»°¡ ¸»ÇÒÁö¶óµµ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¹ÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯. (¿äÇѺ¹À½ 10Àå 25-6Àý): ¡®³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¹ÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ°¡ ³»¾çÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î ¹ÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´Â µµ´Ù.¡¯

The Jews demanded what is demanded by Church Christians, some external sign which would compel them to believe in the teaching of Christ, and he replies and explains to them why it is impossible. He says that they cannot believe because they are not of his sheep- that is to say, do not follow that path of life which he has shown to his sheep. He explained (John v. 44) wherein lies the difference between his sheep and others, explaining what some believe and others do not believe, and on what faith rests. 'How can ye believe', says he, 'which receive teaching one of another, and the teaching that cometh from the only God ye seek not?'

À¯ÅÂÀεéÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ °Í, Áï, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ï°ÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Áõ°Å¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿Ö ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑÁö ±×µé¿¡°Ô ´ë´äÇÏ°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¼­- Áï, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾çµé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁØ »îÀÇ ±æÀ» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ¿äÇѺ¹À½ 5Àå 44Àý¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ ¾ç°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¼³¸íÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¿Ö ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ï°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ³ÊÈñ´Â ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹ÏÀ¸¸é¼­, À¯ÀÏÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â °¡¸£Ä§À» ãÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?¡¯

To believe, says Christ, you must seek that teaching which flows from the only God. He who speaks from himself seeks his own teaching ( ), but he who seeks the teaching of him who sent me is true, and there is no untruth in him (John vii. 18). The teaching of life is the basis of faith.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¹ÏÀ¸·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ÊÈñ´Â À¯ÀÏÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯ ³ª¿À´Â °¡¸£Ä§À» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ½º½º·Î ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ ( )À» ±¸ÇϵÇ, ³ª¸¦ º¸³»½Å ÀÌÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â ÂüµÇ´Ï, ±× ¼Ó¿¡ ºÒÀǰ¡ ¾ø´À´Ï¶ó(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 7Àå 18Àý). »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±âÃÊÀÌ´Ù.

Actions all flow from faith, faith comes from doxa, that meaning which we attribute to life. There may be innumerable actions; there are also very many faiths; but there are only two doxa, doctrines of life. One of these is denied and the other affirmed by Christ. One teaching, that which is denied by Christ, is that personal life is something really exist¡©ing and belonging to men. This is the doctrine which was held, and is held, by the majority of men, and from which flow all the various faiths held by worldly men and all their actions. The other doctrine is that which was preached by all the prophets and by Christ: it is that our personal life gains meaning only by the fulfillment of the will of God.

ÇàÀ§µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯ ³ª¿Â´Ù, ½Å¾ÓÀº doxa,Áï, »î¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¹Àº ½Å¾ÓµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿ÀÁ÷ µÎ °¡Áö doxa, Áï, »îÀÇ ±³¸®µé¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. À̵é ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀÚÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÌ Áø½Ç·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áö³æÀ¸¸ç, Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ±³¸®À̸ç, À̰ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áö´Ï´Â ¸ðµç ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Å¾ÓµéÀÌ Èê·¯ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ±³¸®´Â ¸ðµç ¼±ÁöÀÚµé°ú ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °¡¸£Ä£ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇõÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

If a man has for his doxa that the most important thing is his personality, he will consider that his personal welfare is the most important and desirable thing in life, and according to the direction in which he seeks that welfare- whether in obtaining pro¡©perty, or distinction, or fame, or in the satisfaction of his desires- he will have a faith corresponding to that outlook, and all his actions will accord with it.

¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³¼ºÀ̶ó´Â doxa¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù¸é, ±×´Â »î¿¡ À־ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÇູÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ¸ç ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©±æ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇູÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æÇâÀ» µû¶ó- Àç»ê, ¸í¿¹, ¸í¼ºÀ» ȹµæÇÔ¿¡¼­, ¶Ç´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿å¸ÁµéÀÇ ÃæÁ·¿¡¼­- ±×´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ Àλý°ü¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áú °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ±×°Í¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

If his doxa is different, if he understands life in such a way that its meaning lies only in the fulfillment of the will of God, as it was understood by Abraham and as Christ taught, then his view of faith will accord with his perception of the will of God, and all his actions will conform therewith.

¸¸ÀÏ ±×ÀÇ doxa °¡ ´Ù¸£´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ, ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ °Íó·³, »îÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹æÇâ¿¡¼­ »îÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ½Ã°¢Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ÀνĿ¡ ÇÕ´çÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µéÀº ±×¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

That is why those who believe that our life is satisfactory cannot believe in the teaching of Christ and all their efforts to believe it always remain vain. In order to believe, they would have to alter their outlook on life; and until they alter that, their actions will always conform to their belief and not to what they wish to believe and say they believe.

À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÌ ¸¸Á·½º·´´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ï°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª Çê¼ö°í¿¡ ¸Ó¹«´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¹ÏÀ¸·Á¸é, ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °üÁ¡À» ¹Ù²Ù¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¶§±îÁö´Â, ±×µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ï°íÀÚ Çϰųª ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The desire to believe in the teaching of Christ, in those who asked a sign of him and in our believers, does not correspond and cannot correspond with their life, however they may try to make it. They may pray to Christ-God, and receive Communion, and do deeds of charity, and build churches, and convert others; all this they do, but they cannot do Christ's deeds, because such deeds flow from faith based on quite another teaching (doxa) than that which they hold. They cannot offer up in sacrifice their only son as was done by Abraham, whereas Abraham could not have hesitated about presenting or not presenting his son in sacrifice to God, that God who alone gave meaning and blessedness to his life. And in just the same way Christ and his disciples could not but give up their lives for others, for in that alone lay the meaning and welfare of their life. From this misunderstanding of the essence of faith flows that strange desire people have to believe that it would be better to live according to the teaching of Christ, while with all the strength of their souls, in accordance with their faith in personal life, they seek to live contrary to that teaching.

±âÀûÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ̳ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½ÅÀڵ鿡°Ô À־, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹ÏÀ¸·Á´Â ¿å¸ÁÀº ¾Æ¹«¸® ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×µéÀÇ »î°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ÀÏÄ¡ÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô ±âµµÇϰí, ¼ºÂù½Ä¿¡ Âü¿©Çϸç, ÀÚ¼±À» ÇàÇϸç, ±³È¸¸¦ Áþ°í, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °³Á¾ ½ÃųÁö¶óµµ, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ÇàÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ±×µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÇàÇÔÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§´Â ±×µéÀÌ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ °¡¸£Ä§(doxa)¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¾ÆµéÀ» ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÌ ÇàÇÑ °Íó·³ Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô Á¦¹°·Î ¹ÙÄ¥ ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸³ª, ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» Çϳª´Ô, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ÇູÀ» ÁÖ´Â ±×·± Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô, Á¦¹°·Î ³»³õ°Å³ª ³»³õÁö ¾ÊÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖÀúÇßÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÔ ¾È¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ÇູÀÌ ³õ¿© ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ½Å¾ÓÀÇ º»Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ·ÎºÎÅÍ, ±×µéÀº È¥½ÅÀÇ ÈûÀ» ´ÙÇÏ¿© °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î °¡¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¹Ý´ë·Î »ì±â¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ÇÑÆí, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ »ê´Ù¸é ´õ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áø ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¿å¸ÁÀÌ Èê·¯ ³ª¿Â´Ù.

The basis of faith is the meaning of life, from which flows the valuation of what is important and good and what is unimportant and bad in life. The valuation of all the phenomena of life depends on one's faith. And as now people having faith based on their own teaching, cannot in any way make it accord with the faith which flows from the teaching of Christ, so was it also impossible for his disciples to do so. And this misunderstanding is frequently and clearly expressed in the Gospels. Christ's disciples often asked him to confirm their faith in what he told them (Matt. xix. 23-8 and xx. 20-8; Mark x. 35-45). According to both the Evangelists, after the sayings- terrible to every believer in personal life and to everyone who sees welfare in worldly riches- after the words that the rich will not enter the kingdom of heaven, and the words still more terrible for those who believe only in personal life- that whosoever does not leave all, even life itself, for the sake of Christ's teaching, will not be saved- Peter asks, 'What shall we have who have left all and followed thee?' After¡©wards, James and John, themselves according to Mark, but their mother according to Matthew, asked him to grant that they should sit on each side of him when he should be in his glory. They asked him to confirm their faith by promising a reward. To Peter's question Jesus replied with the parable of the laborers hired at different hours (Matt. xx. 1-16). To James's question he answered: You know not yourself what you ask- that is to say, you ask impossibilities, you do not understand the teaching. The teaching lies in the renunciation of personal life and you are asking for personal fame, personal reward. You can drink the same cup (live the same life) as I, but to sit on my right and left hand, that is, to be equal with me, is what no one can do. And here Christ says: Only in worldly life do the powerful enjoy and delight in the fame and power of personal life; but you, my disciples, should know that the meaning of human life does not lie in personal happiness, but in serving all, in hu¡©miliation before all. Man lives not to be served, but himself to serve and give up his personal life as a ransom for all. Christ, in reply to his disciples' demand, which showed him how completely they failed to understand his teaching, did not tell them to believe- that is to say, to change that valuation of the good and evil in life which flowed from their conception (he knew that this was impossible) but explained to them the meaning of life on which his faith rested- that is to say, the true valuation of what is good and evil, important and unimportant.

½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±âÃÊ´Â »îÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·± Àǹ̷κÎÅÍ »î¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ùÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ°í ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ³ª»Û °ÍÀÎÁöÀÇ Æò°¡°¡ Èê·¯³ª¿Â´Ù. »îÀÇ ¸ðµç Çö»óµéÀÇ Æò°¡´Â ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â ½Å¾Ó°ú °áÄÚ ÀÏÄ¡µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Ãʱâ Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ôµµ ¿ª½Ã ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ¿ÀÇØ´Â º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ ±×¸®°í ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ±×°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇϰíÀÚ ÀÚÁÖ ±×¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù(¸¶Åº¹À½ 19Àå 23-8Àý ¹× 20Àå 20-8Àý; ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 10Àå 35-45Àý). ¸¶ÅÂ¿Í ¸¶°¡¿¡ µÎ ÀüµµÀÚ¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±¸Àýµé- °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ¹Ï´Â ¸ðµç ½ÅÀÚµé°ú ¼¼»óÀÇ ºÎ¿¡¼­ ÇູÀ» ã´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ¹«¼­¿î- ºÎÀڴ õ±¹¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸»°ú, ¿ÀÁ÷ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ´õ¿í ¹«¼­¿î- ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§ÇÏ¿©, ¸ðµç °ÍÀ», ½ÉÁö¾î ¸ñ¼û ÀÚüµµ, ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª ±¸¿ø¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ÀÌ ±¸Àýµé ´ÙÀ½¿¡, º£µå·Î´Â ¹¯´Â´Ù, ¡®¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ÁÖ¸¦ ÂÑÀ¸¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?¡¯ ±× ÈÄ¿¡, ¸¶°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¾ß°íº¸¿Í ¿äÇÑÀÌ, ±×·¯³ª ¸¶Å¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿µ±¤ÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ±×µéÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¾çÂÊ¿¡ ¾É°Ô ÇØ´Þ¶ó°í ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº »ó±ÞÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» È®°íÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ´Þ¶ó°í ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â º£µå·ÎÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã°£¿¡ °í¿ëµÈ Àϲ۵éÀÇ ºñÀ¯·Î¼­ ´ë´äÇß´Ù(¸¶Åº¹À½ 20Àå 1-16Àý). ¾ß°íº¸ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ´ë´äÇß´Ù: ¡®³ÊÈñ ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â µµ´Ù.¡¯ ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ³ÊÈñ´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù, ³ÊÈñ´Â °¡¸£Ä§À» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ³ªÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº °³ÀÎÀÇ »îÀÇ Æ÷±â¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ³ÊÈñ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¸í¼º, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ º¸»óÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ³ª¿Í °°Àº ÀÜÀ» ¸¶½Ç ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª(¶È °°Àº »îÀ» »ì ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª), ³ªÀÇ ¿Þ Âʰú ¿À¸¥ ÂÊ¿¡ ¾É´Â °Í, Áï, ³ª¿Í °°¾ÆÁö´Â °ÍÀº, ¾Æ¹«µµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿©±â¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼¼»óÀÇ »î¿¡¼­¸¸ ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ÀÚ°¡ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ¸í¼º°ú ±Ç·ÂÀ» ´©¸®°í Áñ±ä´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³ÊÈñ´Â, ³ªÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµé¾Æ, »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀÇ Àǹ̴ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ Çູ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» ¼¶±è¿¡, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ °â¼ÕÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´À´Ï¶ó. »ç¶÷Àº ¼¶±èÀ» ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ­ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼¶±â±â À§Çؼ­ »ê´Ù ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àú´çÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ» Æ÷±âÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÔ¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´À½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ´ë´äÇϸ鼭, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹ÏÀ¸¶ó°í- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×µéÀÇ »ç»óÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¼±°ú ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ Æò°¡¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¶ó°í- ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖ´Â »îÀÇ ÀǹÌ- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¼±ÇÑ °Í°ú ¾ÇÇÑ °Í, ±×¸®°í Áß¿äÇÑ °Í°ú Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Æò°¡- ¸¦ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

To Peter's question (Matt. xix. 27) 'What shall we have, what reward for our sacrifices?' Christ replies with the parable of the laborers hired at different times and receiving identical payment. Christ explains to Peter his misunderstanding of the teaching, from which his absence of faith results. Christ says: Only in personal and meaningless life is it precious and important that the remuneration for work should accord with the amount of work done. The belief in a remuneration for work according to the amount of work flows from the doctrine of personal life. That belief rests on the assumption that we have a claim to something; but man has no rights and can have none. He is ever in debt for the welfare given him, and therefore can make no demands on anyone. Even if he gives up his whole life he still cannot repay what has been given him, and therefore his master cannot be unjust to him. If a man asserts rights to his life and keeps account with the Source of all things which has given him life, he thereby only shows that he does not understand the meaning of life.

º£µå·ÎÀÇ Áú¹®(¸¶Åº¹À½ 19Àå 27Àý)À¸·Î¼­, ¡®¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ðµç°ÍÀ» Èñ»ýÇϰí ÁÖ¸¦ ÂѾÒÀ¸´Ï ±×·±Áï ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸®À̱î?¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã°£¿¡ °í¿ëµÇ¾î¼­ ¶È °°Àº º¸¼ö¸¦ ¹Þ´Â Àϲ۵éÀÇ ºñÀ¯·Î¼­ ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â º£µå·Î¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϸç, ¹Ù·Î ±× ¿ÀÇØ¿¡¼­ º£µå·ÎÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °áÇÌÀÌ ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¿ÀÁ÷ °³ÀÎÀûÀÌ¸ç ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ »î¿¡¼­, ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸¼ö°¡ ÀÏÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ¾ç¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÔÀÌ ¼ÒÁßÇϸç Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ¾ç¿¡ µû¸¥ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸»óÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½Àº °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡¼­ Èê·¯ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â ÁÖÀå¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¹«·± ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡ÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç °¡Áú ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ±×¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø Çູ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ºúÀ» Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¿ä±¸µµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ±×°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î Àüü¸¦ Æ÷±âÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿©µµ ±×´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Àڽſ¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø °ÍÀ» º¸»óÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×ÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ºÒ°øÆòÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®µéÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ¸ç ±×¿¡°Ô »îÀ» ÁØ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÇ ±Ù¿ø°ú ´ÙÅõ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ »îÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.

People who had received happiness demanded something more. These people stood in the market¡©places idle and unhappy, lacking life. The master took them, and gave them the greatest blessing of life- work. They accepted the kindness of the master, and then remained dissatisfied. They were dissatisfied because they had no clear consciousness of their position; they had come to work holding a false doctrine to the effect that they had rights to their life and to their labor, and that therefore their labor should be rewarded. They did not understand that this labor was the highest blessing, which is freely given to them and for which they should only try to return a similar blessing but could not demand reward. And therefore people having a perverted understanding of life, like these workmen, cannot have a just and true faith.

ÇູÀ» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ °ÔÀ¸¸£°í ºñÂüÇϰÔ, »îÀ» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®°í¼­ ¼­ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ±×µéÀ» µ¥¸®°í °¬´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô »îÀÇ °¡Àå Å« Ãູ- ³ëµ¿- À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÁÖÀÎÀÇ Ä£ÀýÇÔÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ºÒ¸¸¿¡ Â÷ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ºÒ¸¸À̾ú´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ Ã³Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ÀνÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù; ±×µéÀº °ÅÁþµÈ ±³¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÏÇÏ·¯ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, °á±¹ ±×µéÀº »î°ú ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Á³À¸¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã º¸»óÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·± ³ëµ¿ÀÌ °¡Àå ±ÍÁßÇÑ ÃູÀ̸ç, ±× ÃູÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ³À¸¸ç, ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¶È °°Àº ÃູÀ¸·Î µ¹·ÁÁÖ±â À§Çؼ­ ³ë·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÒ »Ó º¸»óÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ö°îµÈ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº, ÀÌ·± ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéó·³, ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°í Áø½ÇÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

The parable of the master and the workman who returned from the field, spoken in reply to the disciples' direct request that he would confirm their faith, defines yet more clearly the foundations of the faith Christ teaches.

ÁÖÀΰú ¹ç¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Â Àϲۿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÀ¯´Â Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °­ÇÏ°Ô ÇØ´Þ¶ó´Â Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ´ë´äÇϸ鼭 ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̳ª, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº»À» ´õ¿í ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.

(Luke xvii. 3-10) Horrified at the difficulty of fulfilling the rule Christ lays down, that one must forgive one's brother not seven times, but unto seventy times seven, the disciples say: 'Yes, but. . . in order to fulfill this, one must have faith; confirm, increase, our faith.' As previously they had asked: 'What shall we get for it?' so now they ask what all so-called Christians ask today: We want to believe, but cannot; confirm our belief that the rope of salvation will save us. They say: Do something to make us believe, just as the Jews had asked of him a sign. By miracles, or by promising rewards, make us believe in our salvation.

(´©°¡º¹À½ 17Àå 3-10Àý) ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô Àϰö¹øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÏÈç¹øÀ̳ª ¿ë¼­Ç϶ó°í, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³»·ÁÁØ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°í¼­, Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®¿Ç¼ÒÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª... À̰ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ·Á¸é ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹ÏÀ½À» ´õÇϼҼ­.¡¯ ±× Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ ¡®±×¸®ÇÏ¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¾òÀ¸¸®À̱î?¡¯¶ó°í ¹°¾ú´ø °Íó·³, ¿©±â¼± ¿À´Ã³¯ ¼ÒÀ§ ¸ðµç ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ ¹¯´Â °ÍÀ» ±×µéÀº ¹¯´Â´Ù: ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ï°í ½ÍÀ¸³ª ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø³ªÀÌ´Ù; ±¸¿øÀÇ ¹åÁÙÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À» ±»°Ô ÇØÁÖ¼Ò¼­. ±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ±âÀûÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØÁÖ¼Ò¼­. ±âÀûµéÀ̳ª º¸»óÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇÏ¿©¼­, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» ¹Ï°Ô ÇϼҼ­.

The disciples said, as we say: It would be well to arrange so that we, living the personal, self-willed life we do, could also believe that if we were to fulfill God's teaching things would be still better for us. We all make that demand, which is one contrary to the whole sense of Christ's teaching, and we are surprised that we are quite unable to believe. And to this most fundamental misunderstanding, which existed then as it exists now, he replies with a parable in which he shows what true faith is. Faith cannot result from credulous acceptance of what is said; faith comes only from recognizing one's position. Faith rests only on reasonable conscious¡©ness of what it is best to do being in the position in which we are. He shows that it is impossible to arouse this faith in others by promising a reward or by threats of punishment, and that this could result only in a weak credulity which would crumble at the first temptation; that the faith which moves mountains- that which nothing can disturb- rests on a consciousness of inevitable impending destruc¡©tion, and of the only possible means of safety in this position.

¿ì¸®µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ¸»Çß´Ù: ¿ì¸®´Â, ¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀ̸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶æÀ» µû¸£´Â »îÀ» »ì¸é¼­µµ, ¶ÇÇÑ, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »óȲÀÌ ÈξÀ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í, ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÁغñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµÎ ±×·± ¿ä±¸¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±×°ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àüü Àǹ̿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ¿ì¸®´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ³î¶ó¿Í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ¿À´Ã³¯ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡µµ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´´ø ÀÌ °°Àº °¡Àå ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¿ÀÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ºñÀ¯·Î ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù. ½Å¾ÓÀº ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹«Á¶°Ç ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓÀ¸·Î½á »ý±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ½Å¾ÓÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ½Å¾ÓÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃÖ¼±Àΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÀǽĿ¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ´Ù. ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸¼ö¸¦ ¾à¼ÓÇϰųª ó¹úÀÇ À§ÇùÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÌ·± ½Å¾ÓÀ» Àϱú¿î´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, À̰ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ À¯È¤¿¡µµ ¹«³ÊÁ® ³»¸®´Â ³ª¾àÇÑ ½Å¾Ó¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç; »êÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ½Å¾ÓÀº- ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹æÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ½Å¾ÓÀº- ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ÀÓ¹ÚÇÑ ÆÄ¸ê°ú ÀÌ·± À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô °¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ÈÀü ¼ö´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀǽĿ¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

To have faith, no promises of reward are neces¡©sary. It is only necessary to understand that salva¡©tion from inevitable destruction lies in living a common life according to the Master's will. Whoever understands that, will not seek for confirmation but will save himself without any exhortations.

½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áö±â À§ÇØ, º¸¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ¾à¼Óµéµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÆÄ¸ê·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ±¸¿øÀº ÁÖÀÎÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ µû¸£´Â °øÅëÀÇ »îÀ» »ç´Âµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸¶óµµ, È®ÀÎÀ» ±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±Ç°í°¡ ¾ø¾îµµ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ±¸¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

To the disciples' request for a confirmation of their faith Christ says: When a workman returns from the field, his master does not at once tell him to have dinner, but tells him to stall the cattle and serve him, and only then will the workman sit down to table and have dinner. The workman does all this without considering himself ill-used, and does not boast or demand gratitude or reward, but knows that so it should be and that he is but doing what is needful: that this is a necessary condition both of the service and of the true welfare of his life. So also you, says Christ, when you have done all that is demanded of you, must consider that you have only done your duty. He who understands his relation to the Master will understand that only by submitting to his Master's will can he have life; and he will know wherein his welfare lies and will have a faith to which nothing will be impossible. This is the faith Christ teaches. Faith, according to Christ's teaching, rests on a reasonable conscious¡©ness of the meaning of one's life.

±×µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ±»°Ô ÇØ´Þ¶ó´Â Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ÀϲÛÀÌ µéÆÇ¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿À¸é, ±×ÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ´çÀå ½Ä»çÇ϶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í °¡ÃàÀ» °¡µÎ°í µ¹º¸¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­¾ß ÀϲÛÀº ½ÄŹ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ¼­ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϲÛÀº ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ È¤»ç ´çÇÑ´Ù°í ¿©±èÀÌ ÇàÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ¶ûÇϰųª »ç·Ê³ª º¸¼ö¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù´Â °Í°ú ±×°¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù: Áï, À̰ÍÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÀ»ç¿Í ÂüµÈ ÇູÀÇ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¡¼­ ³ÊÈñµé ¶ÇÇÑ, ³ÊÈñµé¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÒ ¶§, ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ÊÈñÀÇ Àǹ«¸¦ ÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀڽŰú ÁÖÀΰúÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÁÖÀÎÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »îÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇູÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë °ÍÀÌ¸ç ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Â ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ½Å¾ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ½Å¾ÓÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÀǽÄÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

The foundation of faith, according to Christ's teaching, is light.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±âÃÊ´Â ºûÀÌ´Ù.

(John i. 9-12) 'That was the true light, which lighteth every man coming into the world. He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world knew him not. He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, even to them that believe on his name, gave he the right to become the children of God.' (iii. 19-21) 'And this is the judgment, that the light is come into the world, but men loved the darkness rather than the light: for their works were evil. For everyone that doeth ill hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, lest his works should be reproved. But he that doeth the truth cometh to the light, that his works may be made manifest, because they have been wrought in God.'

(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 1Àå 9-12Àý) ¡®Âüºû °ð ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿Í¼­ °¢ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ºñÃë´Â ºûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú³ª´Ï ±×°¡ ¼¼»ó¿¡ °è¼ÌÀ¸¸ç ¼¼»óÀº ±×·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ÁöÀº ¹Ù µÇ¾úÀ¸µÇ ¼¼»óÀÌ ±×¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´°í Àڱ⠶¥¿¡ ¿À¸Å Àڱ⠹鼺ÀÌ ¿µÁ¢Áö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ¿µÁ¢ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ °ð ±× À̸§À» ¹Ï´Â Àڵ鿡°Ô´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Àڳడ µÇ´Â ±Ç¼¼¸¦ Á̴ּÀ´Ï¶ó.¡¯ (3Àå 19-21Àý) ¡®Á¤ÁË´Â À̰ÍÀÌ´Ï °ð ±× ºûÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿ÔÀ¸µÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÇàÀ§°¡ ¾ÇÇϹǷΠºûº¸´Ù ¾îµÎ¿òÀ» ´õ »ç¶ûÇÑ °ÍÀ̴϶ó. ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸¶´Ù ºûÀ» ¹Ì¿öÇÏ¿© ºûÀ¸·Î ¿ÀÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϳª´Ï ÀÌ´Â ±× ÇàÀ§°¡ µå·¯³¯±î ÇÔÀÌ¿ä Áø¸®¸¦ ¦i´Â ÀÚ´Â ºûÀ¸·Î ¿À³ª´Ï ÀÌ´Â ±× ÇàÀ§°¡ Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡¼­ ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»·Á ÇÔÀ̶ó.¡¯

For him who has understood the teaching of Christ there cannot be any question of confirming his faith. Faith, according to Christ's teaching, rests on light, on truth. Christ nowhere demands faith in himself: he demands faith in the truth.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ½Å¾ÓÀÇ È®¸³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ¹®Á¦µµ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ½Å¾ÓÀº ºû¿¡, Áø¸®¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¾îµð¿¡¼­µµ Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù: ±×´Â Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.

(John viii. 40) He says to the Jews: 'Ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I heard from God.' (46) 'Which of you convicteth me of sin? If I say truth, why do ye not believe me?' (xviii. 37) He says, 'To this end was I born, and to this end am I come into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Everyone that is of the truth heareth my voice.' (xiv. 6) He says, 'I am the way, and the truth, and the life.' (16) 'The Father', says he to the disciples, 'shall give you another comforter, that he may be with you for ever.' (17) 'That comforter is the spirit of truth, whom the world neither sees nor knows, but whom ye know, for he is with you and shall be in you.'

(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 8Àå 40Àý) ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ À¯ÅÂÀε鿡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®Áö±Ý Çϳª´Ô²² µéÀº Áø¸®¸¦ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÎ ³ª¸¦ Á×ÀÌ·Á Çϴµµ´Ù.¡¯ (46Àý) ¡®³ÊÈñ Áß¿¡ ´©°¡ ³ª¸¦ Á˷ΠåÀâ°Ú´À³Ä. ³»°¡ Áø¸®¸¦ ¸»ÇϸоîÂîÇÏ¿© ³ª¸¦ ¹ÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´À³Ä?¡¯ (18Àå 37Àý) ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®³»°¡ À̸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ³µÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿Ô³ª´Ï °ð Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Áõ°ÅÇÏ·Á ÇÔÀ̷δÙ. ¹«¸© Áø¸®¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ÀÚ´Â ³»¼Ò¸®¸¦ µè´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯ (14Àå 6Àý) ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®³»°¡ °ð ±æÀÌ¿ä Áø¸®¿ä »ý¸íÀÌ´Ï...¡¯ (16Àý) ¡®³»°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁö²² ±¸ÇϰÚÀ¸´Ï ±×°¡ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ º¸Çý»ç¸¦ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ»ç ¿µ¿øÅä·Ï ³ÊÈñ¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÖ°Ô ÇϽø®´Ï¡¯ (17Àý) ¡®Àú´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿µÀÌ¶ó ¼¼»óÀº ´ÉÈ÷ Àú¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇϳª´Ï ÀÌ´Â Àú¸¦ ¡®º¸Áöµµ ¸øÇÏ°í ¾ËÁöµµ ¸øÇÔÀ̶ó. ±×·¯³ª ³ÊÈñ´Â Àú¸¦ ¾Æ³ª´Ï Àú´Â ³ÊÈñ¿Í ÇÔ²² °ÅÇϽÉÀÌ¿ä, ¶Ç ³ÊÈñ¼Ó¿¡ °è½Ã°ÚÀ½À̶ó.¡¯

He says that his whole teaching, and that he himself, is truth.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ±×ÀÇ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áø¸®¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

The teaching of Christ is the teaching of truth. And therefore faith in Christ is not credulously accepting something concerning Jesus, but is know¡©ledge of the truth. The teaching of Christ is not a thing anyone can be induced to believe in, nor is it possible to bribe anyone to fulfill it. He who under¡©stands the teaching of Christ will also have faith in it, because that teaching is the truth. And he who knows the truth necessary for his welfare cannot but believe it, as a man who has understood that he is really sinking cannot but catch at the rope of salvation. And the question: What must I do to believe? is a question which merely displays a non-comprehension of Jesus Christ's teaching.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº Áø¸®ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº ¿¹¼ö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ½±°Ô ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ´©±º°¡¸¦ ¹Ïµµ·Ï ¼³µæÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¸Å¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¶ÇÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ Áø¸®À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çູ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷Àº, ¹°¿¡ °¡¶ó ¾É°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­ ±¸¿øÀÇ ¹åÁÙÀ» ÀâÀ» ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ó·³, °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¡®³»°¡ ¹ÏÀ¸·Á¸é ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡?¡¯¿Í °°Àº Áú¹®Àº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö¸¦ µå·¯³»´Â Áú¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¼­¹® ] I. º¹À½ ±³ÈÆÀÇ ¿­¼è ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É ] III. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ý°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý ] IV. ±×¸®½ºµµ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ] VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í ] VII. °ÅÁþ ±³¸® ] VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ ] [ IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§ ] X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù ] XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ ] XII. ½Å¾ÓÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ] Notes ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


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