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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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VIII. THE PATH OF LIFE

VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ

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But granting that Christ's teaching is beneficial to the world- granting that it is rational and that one has no reasonable right to reject it- still, what can one man do in a world of those who do not act on Christ's law? If all men suddenly agreed to fulfill Christ's teaching its observance would be possible; but one man cannot go against the whole world.

±×·¸Áö¸¸, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏÀÚ- ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÌ¸ç ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×°ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÏÀÚ- ±×·¡µµ, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °©Àڱ⠱׸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í µ¿ÀÇÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀÇ ÀÌÇàÀº °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Àüü ¼¼°è¿¡ ¸Â¼³ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù.

'If', it is generally said, 'I alone, in a world of those people who do not fulfill Christ's law, fulfill it: give away what I have, turn my cheek to the smiter without defending myself, do not even put in an appearance to take the appointed oaths or when summoned to war, and submit to be plundered; I shall, if I do not die of hunger, get beaten to death, or if not beaten, imprisoned or shot. So I shall have sacrificed all my happiness in vain and ruined my whole life.'

»ç¶÷µéÀº ÈçÈ÷ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®¸¸ÀÏ, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­, ³ª È¥ÀÚ¸¸ÀÌ, ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é: ³»°¡ °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¾î ¹ö¸®°í, ³ª¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ¶§¸®´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô »´À» µ¹·Á ´ë°í, ½ÉÁö¾î °ÑÀ¸·Î¶óµµ Á¤ÇØÁø ¸Í¼¼µéÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ÀüÀï¿¡ ³ª°¡Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª, ¾àÅ»´çÇÔ¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÑ´Ù¸é; ³ª´Â, ±¾ÁÖ¸²À¸·Î Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¸Â¾Æ Áװųª, ¶Ç´Â ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, Åõ¿ÁµÇ°Å³ª ÃÑ»ìµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇູÀ» ÇêµÇÀÌ Èñ»ýÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ³ªÀÇ Àüü »îÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯

This reply is based upon the same misunderstanding as the reply about the impracticability of Christ's teaching.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ë´äÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´ä°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ¿¡ ±âÃÊ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

It is what one usually hears said, and I myself agreed with it until I had quite emancipated myself from Church teaching and so became able to under¡©stand the full meaning of Christ's doctrine about life.

À̰ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÈçÈ÷ µè´Â ¸»À̸ç, ³ª Àڽŵµ ³»°¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÇØ¹æµÇ°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© »î¿¡ °üÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³¸®ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ±â ±îÁö´Â ±×°Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Christ offers his teaching of life to redeem us from the ruinous life people live who do not follow his teaching; and suddenly we declare that we should be glad to follow his teaching were we not sorry to ruin our life. Christ teaches us how to escape from our ruinous life, and we grudge the sacrifice of that same life. It follows that we are far from considering our life ruinous, but consider it something in our possession, real and valuable. In that acknowledgement of our present worldly life as a real thing and something that is our own, lies the mistake which hinders a comprehension of Christ's teaching. Christ was aware of this mistake which causes people to consider this worldly life of theirs as some¡©thing real that belongs to them, and by a whole series of discourses and parables he showed them that they have no right to life, and possess no life till they obtain true life by rejecting the shadow they now call their 'life'.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ÆÄ¸êÀûÀÎ »îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ±¸¿øÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »î¿¡ °üÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í °©Àڱ⠿츮´Â ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÎ·ÆÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±â²¨ÀÌ µû¸£°Ú´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÆÄ¸êÀûÀÎ »îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Å»ÃâÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£Ä£´Ù, ±×·±µ¥ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ »îÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Æ±î¿ö Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÌ °áÄÚ ÆÄ¸êÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÇ ÀϺηΠ¿©±â¸ç, Áø½ÇµÇ¸ç °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©±â´Â °á°úÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇöÀç ¼¼»óÀÇ »îÀ» Áø½ÇÇÑ °Å½Ã¸ç ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀÎ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿ëÀÎÇÔ¿¡, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ °¡·Î¸·´Â ¿À·ù°¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÌ·± ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» ±×µé Àڽſ¡°Ô ¼ÓÇÏ´Â Áø½ÇÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â ÀÌ·± ¿À·ù¸¦ ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¸¹Àº °­¿¬µé°ú ºñÀ¯·Î¼­, ±×µéÀÌ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± ±Ç¸®°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÌ Áö±Ý ±×µéÀÇ ¡®»î¡¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ȯ»óÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ÂüµÈ »îÀ» ¾òÀ» ¶§±îÁö´Â ¾Æ¹«·± »îÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾ú´Ù.

In order to understand Christ's doctrine of saving one's life, one must first understand what was said by all the prophets, what was said by Solomon, by Buddha, and by all the sages of the world concern¡©ing man's personal life. One may, as Pascal ex¡©presses it, disregard the matter and carry a shield before one to hide the abyss of death towards which we are all running; but one need only consider what man's isolated personal life is, to convince oneself that this whole life, if it be only a personal life, has for each separate person no sense or meaning, but is a malicious mockery of one's heart and reason and of all that is good in man. Therefore to understand Christ's teaching one has first of all to bethink oneself and to consider. It is necessary that in us should take place: that is what Christ's forerunner, John the Baptist, when preaching, said to people who were ensnared like ourselves. He said: 'First of all, repent- that is, bethink yourselves. Even now is the axe laid to the root of the trees to cut them down. Death and destruction are here beside each one of you. Do not forget it: bethink yourselves.' And Christ, beginning his teaching, says the same thing: 'Repent, or you will all perish.'

¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ±¸¿øÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú »ç¶÷ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, ¸ðµç ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °Í, ¼Ö·Î¸ó, ºÎó ±×¸®°í ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇöÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÄ½ºÄ®ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, ¿ì¸®´Â ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ´Þ·Á°¡´Â °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á×À½ÀÇ ½É¿¬À» °¡¸®±â À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ¹æÆÐ¸¦ µé ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù; ¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °í¸³µÈ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¿ÀÁ÷ °í·ÁÇØ º»´Ù¸é, ÀÌ·± Àüü »îÀº, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ °³ÀÎ ¸¸ÀÇ »îÀ̶ó¸é, Á¦°¢±â º°°³ÀÇ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô À־ ¾Æ¹«·± °¨°¢À̳ª Àǹ̰¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸¶À½À̳ª À̼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼±ÇÑ ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É¼ú±ÄÀº Á¶·ÕÀÓÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ȸ°³ÇÏ°í µÇµ¹¾Æ º¸¾Æ¾ß( ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸® ¾È¿¡¼­ ȸ°³°¡ ÀϾÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù: ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¾Õ »ç¶÷ÀÎ ¼¼·Ê ¿äÇÑÀÌ ¼³±³ÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ¿ì¸®¿Í °°ÀÌ À¯È¤¿¡ ºüÁø »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡®¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¸ÕÀú, ȸ°³Ç϶ó- Áï, ¹Ý¼ºÇ϶ó. ¹Ù·Î Áö±Ý µµ³¢°¡ ³ª¹«¸¦ º£¾î ³Ñ±â±â À§Çؼ­ ³ª¹«»Ñ¸®¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù. Á×À½°ú ÆÄ¸êÀÌ ³ÊÈñµé °¢ÀÚÀÇ ¿·¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̰ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¸»¶ó: ȸ°³Ç϶ó.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭, ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®È¸°³Ç϶ó, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¸ðµÎ ¸ê¸ÁÇϸ®¶ó.¡¯

In Luke xiii. 1-5, Christ spoke of the destruction of the Galileans slain by Pilate, and he said: 'Think ye that these Galileans were sinners above all the Galileans because they have suffered these things? I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all in like manner perish. Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and killed them, think ye that they were offenders above all the men that dwell in Jerusalem? I tell you. Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.'

´©°¡º¹À½ 13Àå 1-5Àý¿¡¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ºô¶óµµ¿¡°Ô Çлì´çÇÑ °¥¸±¸® »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÆÄ¸ê¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù, ±×·¯¸é¼­ ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡®³ÊÈñ´Â ÀÌ °¥¸±¸® »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̰°ÀÌ ÇØ ÀÔÀ½À¸·Î½á ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °¥¸±¸® »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ùµµ ´õ Á˰¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁÙ ¾Æ´À³Ä? ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï, ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ÊÈñµéÀÌ È¸°³Ä¡ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¸é ´Ù À̰°ÀÌ ¸ÁÇϸ®¶ó. ¶Ç ½Ç·Î¾Ï¿¡¼­ ¸Á´ë°¡ ¹«³ÊÁ® Ä¡¾îÁ×Àº ¿­ ¿©´ü »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ °ÅÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷º¸´Ù Á˱⠴õ ÀÖ´Â ÁÙ ¾Æ´À³Ä ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ÊÈñµµ ¸¸ÀÏ È¸°³Ä¡ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¸é ´Ù À̿Ͱ°ÀÌ ¸ÁÇϸ®¶ó.¡¯

Had he lived in our day in Russia he would have said: Think ye that those who were burnt in the circus at Berdichev, or those who perished at the Kukuevsky embankment were worse than others? You also will all perish unless you bethink your¡©selves and find in your life that which does not perish. The death of those crushed by the tower or burnt in the circus, horrifies you; but your death, just as terrible and as unavoidable, awaits you, and in vain do you try to forget it. If it comes un¡©expectedly it will be all the more terrible.

±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸® ³ª¶ó¿¡ »ì¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é ±×´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù: º£¸£µðüÇÁÀÇ ¼­Ä¿½º¿¡¼­ ºÒ¿¡ ŸÁ×Àº »ç¶÷À̳ª, ÄíÄí¿¡ºê½ºÅ° Á¦¹æ¿¡¼­ Âü»ç´çÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ´õ Á˰¡ ¸¹´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϴ°¡? ³ÊÈñµµ ȸ°³ÇÏ¿© ¼Ò¸êµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ »î¿¡¼­ ãÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ³ÊÈñµé ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ðµÎ ¸ê¸ÁÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ž¿¡ ±ò·Á¼­ ¶Ç´Â ¼­Ä¿½º¿¡¼­ ºÒŸ Á×À½ÀÌ ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µÎ·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³ÊÈñÀÇ Á×À½Àº, ±×¿Í ¶È°°ÀÌ ¹«¼·°í ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ, ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀØÀ¸·Á ¾Ö¾²Áö¸¸ ÇêµÈ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Á×À½ÀÌ ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¾Ê°Ô ¿Â´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ´õ¿í ¹«¼­¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

He says (Luke xii. 54-7): 'When ye see a cloud rising in the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it cometh to pass. And when ye see a south wind blowing, ye say. There will be a scorching heat; and it cometh to pass. Ye hypo¡©crites, ye know how to interpret the face of the earth and the heaven; but how is it that ye know not how to interpret this time? And why even concerning yourselves judge ye not what is right?'

±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(´©°¡º¹À½ 12Àå 54-7): ¡®³ÊÈñ°¡ ±¸¸§ÀÌ ¼­¿¡¼­ ÀϾÀ» º¸¸é °ð ¸»Çϱ⸦ ¼Ò³ª±â°¡ ¿À¸®¶ó Çϳª´Ï °ú¿¬ ±×·¯Çϰí, ³²Ç³ÀÌ ºÒ¸é ¸»Çϱ⸦ ½ÉÈ÷ ´õ¿ì¸®¶ó Çϳª´Ï °ú¿¬ ±×·¯Çϴ϶ó. ¿Ü½ÄÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿© ³ÊÈñ°¡ õÁöÀÇ ±â»óÀº ºÐº°ÇÒ ÁÙ ¾Ë¸é¼­ ¾îÂî ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â ºÐº°Ä¡ ¸øÇÏ´À³Ä ¶Ç ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀ» ½º½º·Î ÆÇ´ÜÄ¡ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´À³Ä?¡¯

You can forecast the weather by its indications; how is it you perceive not what will befall yourselves? Avoid danger, safeguard your life as much as you please, and all the same, if Pilate does not kill you a tower will fall on you, or if neither Pilate nor the tower destroys you, you will die in your bed with yet greater suffering.

³ÊÈñ´Â ³¯¾¾¸¦ ±× ¡Á¶¸¦ º¸°í¼­ ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù; ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ³ÊÈñ´Â Àڽŵ鿡°Ô ÀϾ °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÏ´À³Ä? À§ÇèÀ» ÇÇÇ϶ó, ³ÊÈñµéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ³ÊÈñÀÇ »îÀ» º¸È£ÇØ º¸¾Æ¶ó, ±×·¸´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¸¸ÀÏ ºô¶óµµ°¡ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ Á×ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é žÀÌ ³ÊÈñ À§¸¦ µ¤Ä¥ °ÍÀ̸ç, ºô¶óµµ³ª žÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ÆÄ¸ê½ÃŰÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ÊÈñ ħ´ë¿¡¼­ ±× º¸´Ù ´õ Å« °íÅëÀ¸·Î Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Make a simple calculation, as worldly people do when they undertake anything: either to build a tower, or to go to war, or to erect a factory. They plan and toil at an undertaking that may have a reasonable end.

¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶² »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§ ÇàÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, žÀ» ¼¼¿ìµç, ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°µç, ¾Æ´Ï¸é °øÀåÀ» ¼¼¿ìµç °£´ÜÇÑ °è»êÀÌ¶óµµ ÇØº¸¶ó. ±×µéÀº »ç¾÷ÀÌ ÇÕ´çÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¾òµµ·Ï °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì°í ³ë·ÂÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Luke xiv. 28-31: 'For which of you, desiring to build a tower, doth not first sit down and count the cost, whether he have wherewith to complete it? Lest haply, when he hath laid a foundation, and is not able to finish, all that behold begin to mock him, saying, This man began to build and was not able to finish. Or what king, as he goeth to en¡©counter another king in war, will not sit down first and take counsel whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him that cometh against him with twenty thousand?'

´©°¡º¹À½ 14Àå 28-31Àý¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³ÊÈñ Áß¿¡ ´©°¡ ¸Á´ë¸¦ ¼¼¿ì°íÀÚ ÇÒÂð´ë ÀÚ±âÀÇ °¡Áø °ÍÀÌ ÁذøÇϱâ±îÁö Á·ÇÒ´ÂÁö ¸ÕÀú ¾É¾Æ ±× ºñ¿ëÀ» ¿¹»êÇÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϰڴÀ³Ä ±×·¸°Ô ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿© ±× ±âÃʸ¸ ½×°í ´ÉÈ÷ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é º¸´Â ÀÚ°¡ ´Ù ºñ¿ô¾î °¡·ÎµÇ ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í ´ÉÈ÷ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù Çϸ®¶ó. ¶Ç ¾î´À ÀÓ±ÝÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Àӱݰú ½Î¿ì·¯ °¥ ¶§¿¡ ¸ÕÀú ¾É¾Æ Àϸ¸À¸·Î¼­ Àú À̸¸À» °¡Áö°í ¿À´Â ÀÚ¸¦ ´ëÀûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î Çì¾Æ¸®Áö ¾Æ´ÏÇϰڴÀ³Ä?¡¯

Is it not really senseless to work at something which, however much you may try, will never be accomplished ? Death will always come sooner than the completion of the tower of your worldly happi¡©ness. And if you know in advance that however you may strive against death, not you, but he, will conquer, is it not better to refrain from struggling against it, and not to devote your life to what will certainly perish, but rather seek some undertaking which will not be destroyed by inevitable death?

³ÊÈñ°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ³ë·ÂÇØµµ °áÄÚ ÀÌ·ê ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ ¼ö°í¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î ¹«ÀǹÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡? Á×À½Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¼¼»ó ÇູÀÇ Å¾ÀÇ ¿Ï¼º º¸´Ùµµ »¡¸® ¿Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® Á×À½¿¡ ¸Â¼­¼­ ½Î¿ì´õ¶óµµ, ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Á×À½ÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ÀÌ±æ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¾È´Ù¸é, ±×°Í¿¡ ¸Â¼­ ½Î¿ï °ÍÀ» ü³äÇϰí, ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á×À½µµ ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² »ç¾÷À» ãÀ½ÀÌ ³´Áö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡?

Luke xii. 22-7: 'And he said unto his disciples, Therefore I say unto you, Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. For the life is more than the food, and the body than the raiment. Consider the ravens, that they sow not, neither reap; which have no store- chamber, nor barn; and God feedeth them: of how much more value are ye than the birds! And which of you by being anxious can add a cubit unto his stature? If then ye are not able to do even that which is least, why are ye anxious concerning the rest? Consider the lilies, how they grow: they toil not, neither do they spin; yet I say unto you, Even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.'

´©°¡º¹À½ 12Àå 22-7Àý¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®[¶Ç Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô À̸£½ÃµÇ ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ³ÊÈñ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¹«¾ùÀ» ¸ÔÀ»±î ¸öÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀÔÀ»±î ¿°·ÁÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ¸ñ¼ûÀÌ À½½Äº¸´Ù ÁßÇÏ°í ¸öÀÌ ÀǺ¹º¸´Ù ÁßÇϴ϶ó. ±î¸¶±Í¸¦ »ý°¢Ç϶ó ½ÉÁöµµ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ°í °ÅµÎÁöµµ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¸ç °ñ¹æµµ ¾ø°í â°íµµ ¾øÀ¸µÇ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±â¸£½Ã³ª´Ï ³ÊÈñ´Â »õº¸´Ù ¾ó¸¶³ª ±ÍÇÏ³Ä ¶Ç ³ÊÈñ Áß¿¡ ´©°¡ ¿°·ÁÇÔÀ¸·Î ±× ۸¦ ÇÑÀÚ³ª ´õÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´À³Ä ±×·± Áï Áö±ØÈ÷ ÀÛÀº °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ ´ÉÄ¡ ¸øÇÏ°Åµç ¾îÂî ±× ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ¿°·ÁÇÏ´À³Ä. ¹éÇÕÈ­¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© º¸¾Æ¶ó ½Ç·Î ¸¸µéÁöµµ ¾Ê°í Â¥Áöµµ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´À¸®¶ó. ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¸»Çϳë´Ï ¼Ö·Î¸óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿µ±¤À¸·Îµµ ÀÔÀº °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ ²É Çϳª¸¸ °°ÀÌ ¸øÇÏ¿´´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯

However much you may concern yourself about your body and your clothes, no one can add a single hour to his life. Is it not senseless then to concern yourself about something you cannot do?

³ÊÈñµéÀÌ ³ÊÈñ À°Ã¼¿Í ÀǺ¹¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¿°·ÁÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¾Æ¹«µµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ ´Ü ÇÑ ½Ã°£µµ ´ÃÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ÊÈñµéÀÌ °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¿°·ÁÇÔÀº ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°Ú´Â°¡?

You know very well that your life will end with death, and you exert yourself to safeguard your life by property. Life cannot be safeguarded by pro¡©perty. Understand that this is an absurd deception with which you delude yourself.

³ÊÈñ´Â ³ÊÈñÀÇ »îÀÌ Á×À½À¸·Î ³¡³­´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ê¹« Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ³ÊÈñÀÇ »îÀ» Àç»êÀ¸·Î º¸Áõ¹ÞÀ¸·Á ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù. »îÀº Àç»êÀ¸·Î º¸ÁõµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÇöȤÇÏ´Â Å͹«´Ï ¾ø´Â ±â¸¸ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

The meaning of life cannot consist, Christ says, in what we possess and what we acquire- what is not ourselves- it must consist in something else.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, »îÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ °Í°ú ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾òÀº °Í- ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °Í- ¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù, ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

He says (Luke xii. 15-21): 'A man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth. The grounds of a certain rich man', he says, 'brought forth plentifully: and he reasoned within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have not where to bestow my fruits? And he said, This will I do: I will pull down my barns, and build greater; and there will I bestow all my corn and my goods. And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, be merry. But God said unto him, Thou foolish one, this night is thy soul required of thee; and the things which thou hast prepared, whose shall they be? So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.'

±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(´©°¡º¹À½ 12Àå 15-21Àý): ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ »ý¸íÀÌ ±× ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÇ ³Ë³ËÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÇÑ ºÎÀÚ°¡ ±× ¹ç¿¡ ¼ÒÃâÀÌ Ç³¼ºÇϸš¯, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®½ÉÁß¿¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© °¡·ÎµÇ ³»°¡ °î½Ä ½×¾Æ µÑ °÷ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸´Ï ¾îÂîÇÒ²¿ ÇÏ°í ¶Ç °¡·ÎµÇ ³»°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϸ®¶ó. ³» °î°£À» Çæ°í ´õ Å©°Ô Áþ°í ³» ¸ðµç °î½Ä°ú ¹°°ÇÀ» °Å±â ½×¾Æ µÎ¸®¶ó. ¶Ç ³»°¡ ³» ¿µÈ¥¿¡ À̸£µÇ, ¿µÈ¥¾Æ ¿©·¯ÇØ ¾µ ¹°°ÇÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ½×¾Æ µÎ¾úÀ¸´Ï Æò¾ÈÈ÷ ½¬°í ¸Ô°í ¸¶½Ã°í Áñ°Å¿öÇÏÀÚ Çϸ®¶ó Ç쵂 Çϳª´ÔÀº À̸£½ÃµÇ ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÀÚ¿©, ¿À´Ã¹ã¿¡ ³× ¿µÈ¥À» µµ·Î ãÀ¸¸®´Ï ±×·¯¸é ³× ¿¹ºñÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ´µ°ÍÀÌ µÇ°Ú´À³Ä ÇϼÌÀ¸´Ï Àڱ⸦ À§ÇÏ¿© Àç¹°À» ½×¾ÆµÎ°í Çϳª´Ô²² ´ëÇÏ¿© ºÎ¿äÄ¡ ¸øÇÑÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ¿Í °°À¸´Ï¶ó.¡¯

Death always, every instant, stands over you. And therefore (Luke xii. 35, 36, 38, 39, 40): 'Let your loins be girded about, and your lamps burning; and be ye yourselves like unto men looking for their lord, when he shall return from the marriage feast; that, when he cometh and knocketh, they may straightway open unto him. And if he shall come in the second watch, and if in the third, and find them so, blessed are those servants. But this ye know, that if the master of the house had known in what hour the thief was coming, he would have watched, and not have left his house to be broken through. Be ye also ready: for in an hour that ye think not the Son of man cometh.'

Á×À½Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª, ¸Å ¼ø°£¸¶´Ù, ¿ì¸® À§¿¡ ¼­ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(´©°¡º¹À½ 12Àå 35, 36, 38, 39, 40Àý): ¡®Ç㸮¿¡ ¶ì¸¦ ¶ì°í µîºÒÀ» ÄÑ°í ¼­ ÀÖÀ¸¶ó. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ±× ÁÖÀÎÀÌ È¥ÀÎ Áý¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Í ¹®À» µÎµå¸®¸é °ð ¿­¾îÁÖ·Á°í ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷°ú °°ÀÌ µÇ¶ó. ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¿Í¼­ ±ú¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¸é ±× Á¾µéÀº º¹ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸®·Î´Ù. ³»°¡ Áø½Ç·Î ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¿Í¼­ ¶ì¸¦ ¶ì°í ±× Á¾µéÀ» ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾ÉÈ÷°í ³ª¾Æ¿Í ¼ö¼ÛÇϸ®¶ó. ÁÖÀÎÀÌ È¤ À̰濡³ª Ȥ »ï°æ¿¡ À̸£·¯¼­µµ Á¾µéÀÇ À̰°ÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¸é ±× Á¾µéÀº º¹ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸®·Î´Ù. ³ÊÈñµµ ¾Æ´Â ¹Ù´Ï Áý ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¸¸ÀÏ µµÀûÀÌ ¾î´À ¶§¿¡ À̸¦ ÁÙ ¾Ë¾Ò´õ¸é ±× ÁýÀ» ¶ÕÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´À¸¸®¶ó.¡¯

The parable of the virgins awaiting the bride¡©groom, and of the end of the age and the day of judgment- all these passages, in the opinion of all the commentators, besides relating to the end of the world also relate to death, which stands always before us every hour.

½ÅºÎ°¡ ½Å¶ûÀ» ±â´Ù¸®´Â ½ÅºÎÀÇ ºñÀ¯¿Í ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¾¸»°ú ¸¶Áö¸· ½ÉÆÇ¿¡ °üÇÑ ºñÀ¯´Â- ÀÌ ¸ðµç ±¸ÀýµéÀº, ¸ðµç ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀÇ Àǰ߿¡¼­, ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¾¸»¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÔ ¿Ü¿¡µµ, Á×À½¿¡ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ Á×À½Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ½Ã½Ã°¢°¢À¸·Î ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ¼­ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Death, death, death awaits you every second. Your life passes in the presence of death. If you labor personally for your own future, you yourself know that the one thing awaiting you is- death. And that death ruins all you work for. Consequently life for oneself can have no meaning. If there is a reasonable life it must be found elsewhere; it must be a life the aim of which does not lie in preparing further life for oneself. To live rationally one must live so that death cannot destroy life.

Á×À½, Á×À½, Á×À½ÀÌ ¸ÅÃʸ¶´Ù ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ÊÈñÀÇ »îÀº Á×À½ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ Áö³ª°£´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³ÊÈñ°¡ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀº- Á×À½À̶õ °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ´Â ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× Á×À½ÀÌ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¹Ù¶ó¸ç ÀÏÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ À̼ºÀûÀÎ »îÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¾îµð¿¡¼­µç ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ±×°ÍÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ ´õ ³ªÀº »îÀ» ÁغñÇÔ¿¡ ¸ñÀûÀ» µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â »îÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Luke x. 41: 'Martha, Martha, thou art anxious and troubled about many things: but one thing is needful.'

´©°¡º¹À½ 10Àå 41Àý¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®¸¶¸£´Ù¾ß ¸¶¸£´Ù¾ß ³×°¡ ¸¹Àº ÀÏ·Î ¿°·ÁÇÏ°í ±Ù½ÉÇϳª ±×·¯³ª ¸î °¡Áö¸¸ ÇϵçÁö Ȥ ÇѰ¡Áö¸¸ÀÌ¶óµµ Á·ÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯

All the innumerable things we do for our own future are unnecessary: it is all deception with which we delude ourselves. Only one thing is needful.

¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¹«¼öÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀϵéÀº ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÇöȤÇÏ´Â ±â¸¸ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇѰ¡Áö ¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

From the day of man's birth, his position is such that inevitable destruction awaits him- that is to say, a meaningless life and a meaningless death, unless he finds that one thing necessary for true life. It is that one thing which Christ shows to men. He does not invent it or promise to give it by his divine power, he only shows people that, together with that personal life which is certainly a deception, there must be something that is true and not a deception.

»ç¶÷ÀÌ Ãâ»ýÇÏ´Â ³¯ºÎÅÍ, ±×ÀÇ ¿î¸í¿¡´Â ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÆÄ¸êÀÌ ±â´Ù¸°´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÂüµÈ »îÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇÑ °¡Áö¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÀÇ¹Ì ¾ø´Â »î°ú Àǹ̾ø´Â Á×À½ÀÌ ±â´Ù¸°´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ±× ÇÑ °¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½ÅÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» °í¾ÈÇÏÁöµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÁÖ°Ú´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ±â¸¸ÀÎ ±×·± °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î°ú ÇÔ²², Áø½ÇÇϸ鼭 ±â¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿© ÁÙ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

In the parable of the husbandmen (Matt. xxi. 33-42) Christ explains the source of the error which hides that truth from men and causes them to mis¡©take the phantom of life (their own personal life) for true life.

³óºÎµéÀÇ ºñÀ¯(¸¶Åº¹À½ 21Àå 33-42Àý)¿¡¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ±×·¯ÇÑ Áø¸®¸¦ ¼û±â¸ç ±×µéÀÌ »îÀÇ È¯»ó(±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î)À» Áø¸®ÀÇ »îÀ¸·Î ¿ÀÀÎÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¿À·ùÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

Men living in the cultivated garden of a householder took it into their heads that they owned that garden. And from this false conception flowed a series of insensate and cruel actions performed by them which ended in their expulsion, in their being ejected from that life. In just such a way have we imagined that the life of each of us is his own personal possession and that we have a right to it and can do with it as we please, bound by no obli¡©gation to anyone. And for us, having imagined this, a similar series of insensate and cruel actions and misfortunes is inevitable, resulting in a similar expulsion from life. And as the husbandmen thought that the more cruel they were the better would they secure themselves (for instance, by killing the messengers and the householder's son), so we also imagine that the more cruel we are the better we shall be safeguarded.

¾î¶² ÁÖÀÎÀÇ °æÀÛµÈ Æ÷µµ¿ø¿¡ »ì´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ ±× Æ÷µµ¿øÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Âø°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± À߸øµÈ »ý°¢À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÇàÇØÁö´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¾î¸®¼®°í ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ÇൿµéÀÌ Èê·¯³ª¿À°í °á±¹Àº ±×µéÀº Ãß¹æµÇ¾î¼­, ±×µéÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ »î¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜµÇ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ³º¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ¿Í ¶È°°ÀÌ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚÀÇ »îÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¾î¶² Àǹ«¸¦ ÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ì¸® ¸¶À½´ë·Î óºÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô À־, ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ó»óÇϰí À־, À¯»çÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¾î¸®¼®°í ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé°ú ºÒÇàµéÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, °á±¹ »îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô Ãß¹æµÇ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³óºÎµéÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÒ¼ö·Ï ±×µéÀÌ ´õ¿í À¯¸®ÇÏ°Ô ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢Çß´ø °Íó·³(¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÁÖÀÎÀÇ ½ÉºÎ¸§²Û°ú ¾ÆµéÀ» »ìÇØÇÔÀ¸·Î½á), ¿ì¸® ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÜÀÎÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ È®½ÇÈ÷ »îÀ» º¸Àå¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ó»óÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

As the inevitable end of the husbandmen who would not yield the fruit of the garden to anyone was that the householder expelled them, so also will be the end of those who imagine personal life to be real life. Death drives them from life, replacing them by others; and this not as a punishment but merely because they have not understood life. As the dwellers in the garden had either forgotten or wished to ignore the fact that the garden was handed to them ready cultivated, hedged, and supplied with a well, and that someone had labored there before and therefore expected them to work; so people living a personal life have forgotten, or wish to forget, all that was done for them before their birth and is being done all the time they are alive, and that something is therefore expected of them: they wish to forget that all the good things of life which they use have been given and are being given, and should therefore be passed on and returned.

Æ÷µµ¿øÀÇ ¼Ò»êÀ» ¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á´ø ³óºÎµéÀÇ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¾¸»Àº Æ÷µµ¿øÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ±×µéÀ» Ãß¹æÇÏ¿´´ø °Íó·³, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÌ ÂüµÈ »îÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ó»óÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¾¸» ¿ª½Ã ±×·¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á×À½Àº ±×µéÀ» »îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ô¾Æ ³»¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·Î ´ëüÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀº ó¹ú·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×µéÀÌ »îÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Æ÷µµ¿ø¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±× Æ÷µµ¿øÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì °æÀ۵Ǿ, ¿ïŸ¸®°¡ ÃÄÁö°í, ¿ì¹°µµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ´©±º°¡°¡ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéµµ ÀÏÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â »óÅ·Π±×µé¿¡°Ô ³Ñ°ÜÁ³´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» Àؾî¹ö·È°Å³ª Àر⸦ ¿øÇß´ø °Íó·³, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ» »ì¾Æ°¡´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ, ±×µéÀÇ Ãâ»ý ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÇàÇØÁ³À¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇàÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °Íµé, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­µµ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Àؾî¹ö·È°Å³ª, Àر⸦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù: ±×µéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ³°Å³ª ÁÖ¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ÀüÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÏ¸ç µ¹·Á ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Àر⠿øÇÑ´Ù.

This correction of the understanding of life, this is the corner-stone of Christ's teaching, as he said at the end of that parable. According to Christ's teaching, as the husbandmen in the garden they had not planted should have understood and realized that they owed more to the householder than they could repay, so we also should understand and feel that, from the day of our birth to our death, we are overwhelmingly in debt to others, to those who lived before us, those now living, and those who will live, and to that which was, is, and will be - the source of all things. They should understand that each hour of their life, while they retain it, they admit that obligation, and that therefore a man living for himself, who denies that obligation uniting him with life and with the source of life, deprives himself of life, and must understand that by living so he destroys his life- while wishing to save it, as was repeatedly said by Christ.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »îÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³Á¤, ÀÌ·± ¶Ç´Â ȸ°³°¡, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÌ ºñÀ¯ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇßµíÀÌ, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Ãʼ®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±×µéÀÌ Àç¹èÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Æ÷µµ¿ø¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ³óºÎµéÀÌ, ±×µéÀÌ °±¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Í º¸´Ùµµ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÖÀο¡°Ô ºúÁ³´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇϵíÀÌ, ¿ì¸®µµ ¿ª½Ã, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÅÂ¾î ³ª¼­ºÎÅÍ Á×À» ¶§±îÁö, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô, ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ »ì¾Ò´ø »ç¶÷µé, Áö±Ý ÇÔ²² »ì°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé, ±×¸®°í ¾ÕÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ°¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô, ±×¸®°í °ú°Å¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °Íµé, ±×¸®°í ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ÀÖÀ» °Í- ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ±Ù¿ø- ¿¡°Ô °±À» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ºúÀ» Áö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¹Ýµå½Ã ±ú´Ý°í ´À²¸¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº »îÀÇ ¸Å ½Ã°£¸¶´Ù, ±×µéÀÌ ºúÀ» Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ, ±×·¯ÇÑ Àǹ«¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇØ¾ß Çϸç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÚ±â ÀڽŸ¸À» À§ÇØ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â »ç¶÷Àº, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î°ú »îÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â Àǹ«¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ½º½º·ÎÀÇ »îÀ» ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß Çϸç, ±×·¸°Ô »ç´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­- ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ¸»ÇϵíÀÌ, ±×°ÍÀ» º¸Á¸ÇÏ·Á°í ¹Ù¶ó´Â µ¿¾È- ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

That only is true life which carries on the life of the past, promotes the welfare of the present, and prepares the welfare of the future.

°ú°ÅÀÇ »îÀ» Áö¼ÓÇϰí, ÇöÀçÀÇ º¹¸®¸¦ ÁõÁøÇϸç, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ º¹¸®¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÂüµÈ »îÀÌ´Ù.

To participate in that life a man must forgo his own will and do the will of the Father of life who has given life to the Son of man.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »î¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ·Á¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ ¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÏ¸ç »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô »îÀ» ÁֽŠ»îÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

In John viii. 35, Christ, again expressing the same thought, says that a slave who follows his own will and not the will of the master abideth not in the house for ever: only the son, who fulfilleth the will of the Father, abideth for ever.

¿äÇѺ¹À½ 3Àå 35Àý¿¡¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ´Ù½Ã ¶È°°Àº »ç»óÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϸ鼭, ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ µû¸£°í ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â Á¾Àº ±× Áý¿¡ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ìÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù: ¿ÀÁ÷, ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÚ, Áï, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Æµé ¸¸ÀÌ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ì °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The will of the Father of life is not the life of an individual man, but of the only son of man dwelling within men, and therefore a man preserves his life only when he takes his life as a loan, a talent en¡©trusted to him by the Father for the service of the life of all, and lives not for himself but for the son of man,

»îÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ÀÇÁö´Â °³ÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ »îÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ´ãº¸·Î¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¼ ¶§, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ »î¿¡ ºÀ»çÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ¸Ã±ä Àç´ÉÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¼ ¶§, ±×¸®°í ÀڽŸ¸À» À§ÇØ »ìÁö ¾Ê°í ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» À§Çؼ­ »ì ¶§ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¸Á¸ÇÑ´Ù.

Matt. xxv. 14-46: A master gave part of his property to each of his bondsmen and, without giving them any instructions, left them alone. Some of the bondsmen, though they had received no orders from their master as to the use of his property, understood that it was not theirs but the master's, and that it should increase; and they worked for their master. And those who worked for their master became partakers in the master's life, but those who did not work were deprived of what had been given them.

¸¶Åº¹À½ 25Àå 14-46Àý¿¡¼­: ¾î¶² ÁÖÀÎÀÇ ±×ÀÇ ÇÏÀÎµé °¢ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ¸Ã±â°í, ¾î¶² Áö½Ãµµ ³»¸®Áö ¾Ê°í¼­ ±×³É ¶°³µ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÇÏÀεéÀº, ±×ÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇ϶ó´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁÖÀÎÀÇ °ÍÀ̸ç Àç»êÀ» ´Ã·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù; ±×·¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÁÖÀÎÀÇ »î¿¡ µ¿ÂüÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀÏÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¹ÞÀº °Í¸¶Àú »©¾Ñ°Ü ¹ö·È´Ù.

The life of the son of man is given to all men and they are not told why it is entrusted to them. Some understand that life is not their own, but is received as a gift, and that they should serve the life of the son of man, and they live accordingly. Others, on the pretext of not understanding the aim of life, do not serve life. And those who serve life merge with the source of life, while those who do not serve life are deprived of it. And (in verses 31 to 46) Christ tells us wherein the service of the son of man consists, and what the reward of that service is. The son of man, as Christ expressed it, will say like a king: 'Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom, for ye gave me meat and drink, clothed me, took me in and comforted me, for I am ever one and the same, in you and in these little ones whom you have pitied and to whom you have done good. You have not lived the personal life, but the life of the son of man; therefore you have eternal life.'

»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ »îÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁ³À¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿Ö ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁ³´ÂÁö µèÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº »îÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼±¹°·Î¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø °ÍÀ̸ç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ »îÀ» ¼¶°Ü¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ±×¿¡ ÇÕ´çÇÏ°Ô »ê´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº, »îÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ±¸½Ç·Î, »îÀ» ¼¶±â±â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í »îÀ» ¼¶±ä »ç¶÷Àº »îÀÇ ±Ù¿ø°ú ¿¬ÇյǸç, »îÀ» ¼¶±â±â ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±×°ÍÀ» »©¾Ñ±ä´Ù. ±×¸®°í (31-46Àý¿¡¼­)±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ¼¶±èÀÌ ¹«¾ù¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼¶±èÀÇ º¸»óÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Ç¥Çö¿¡ µû¸£¸é, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº ¿Õ°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¡®³» ¾Æ¹öÁö²² º¹¹ÞÀ» ÀÚµéÀÌ¿© ³ª¾Æ¿Í â¼¼·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿¹ºñµÈ ³ª¶ó¸¦ »ó¼ÓÇÏ¶ó ³»°¡ ÁÖ¸± ¶§¿¡ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í, ¸ñ¸¶¸¦ ¶§¿¡ ¸¶½Ã°Ô ÇÏ¿´°í, ³ª±×³× µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¿µÁ¢ÇÏ¿´°í, ¹þ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔÇû°í, º´µé¾úÀ» ¶§¿¡ µ¹¾Æ º¸¾Ò°í, ¿Á¿¡ °¤ÇûÀ» ¶§¿¡ ¿Í¼­ º¸¾Ò´À´Ï¶ó. ¿©±â ³» ÇüÁ¦ Áß¿¡ Áö±ØÈ÷ ÀÛÀº ÀÚ Çϳª¿¡°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ °ð ³»°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Áö±ØÈ÷ ÀÛÀº ÀÚ Çϳª¿¡°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ³»°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÑ °ÍÀ̴϶ó. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿µ»ý¿¡ µé¾î°¡¸®¶ó.¡¯

Only of eternal life of that kind does Christ teach in all the Gospels, and, strange as it may sound to say it of Christ, who personally rose and promised resurrection to all, never did Christ by a single word assert a personal resurrection and personal immortality beyond the grave; and to the restoration of the dead in the kingdom of the Messiah, which the Pharisees taught, he gave a meaning which excluded the conception of personal resurrection.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ðµç º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­¸¸ °¡¸£Ä£´Ù, ±×¸®°í, ºñ·Ï ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô µé¸±Áö¶óµµ, ±×´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϾ¼­ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ºÎȰÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇÏ¿´À¸¸é¼­µµ, ±×´Â °áÄÚ ¹«´ýÀ» ¶°³­ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ºÎȰ ±×¸®°í °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ºÒ¸êÀ» ´Ü ÇÑ ¸¶µðÀÇ ¸»·Îµµ ÁÖÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´ø ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡¼­ Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ È¸º¹¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ºÎȰÀÇ °³³äÀ» ¹èÁ¦ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ ¸»Çß´Ù.

The Sadducees denied the restoration of the dead. The Pharisees acknowledged it and it is now acknowledged by orthodox Jews.

»çµÎ°³ÀεéÀº Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ È¸º¹À» ºÎÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´À¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ Á¤Åë À¯Å±³Àε鿡°Ô ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

The restoration of the dead (and not the resur¡©rection, as the word is incorrectly translated), ac¡©cording to the belief of the Jews will be accomplished at the coming of the time of the Messiah and the establishment of the kingdom of God on earth. And Christ, encountering this belief in a temporary, local, and corporeal resurrection, denies it and puts in place of it his teaching of eternal life in God.

Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ È¸º¹Àº(±×¸®°í ºÎȰÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ ¸»ÀÌ ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¹ø¿ªµÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î), À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¡ ¿Í¼­ Áö»ó¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ ¼¼¿ö Áú ¶§ ¼ºÃëµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ÀϽÃÀûÀ̸ç, Áö¿ªÀûÀ̰í, À°Ã¼Àû ºÎȰ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¸¸³¯ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ±×°ÍÀ» ºÎÀÎÇϰí Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î ´ë½ÅÇÑ´Ù.

When the Sadducees, who did not acknowledge the restoration of the dead, asked Christ, whom they supposed to share the view of the Pharisees, 'To whom will the wife of the seven brothers belong?' he replies clearly and definitely on both points.

»çµÎ°³ÀεéÀº, »çÀÚÀÇ È¸º¹À» ºÎÀÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ Àǰ߰ú ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ó»óÇϸ鼭, ¡®7ÇüÁ¦µéÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â ´©±¸ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ µÇ´Â°¡?¡¯ÇÏ°í ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ±×¸®°í ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô µÎ°¡Áö Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù.

He says (Matt. xxii. 29-32; Mark xii. 24-7; Luke xx. 34-8): 'Ye do err, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God.' And rejecting the Phari¡©sees' view, he says: The restoration of the dead is neither corporeal nor personal. Those who attain to a restoration from the dead become sons of God and live like the angels (the powers of God) in heaven (i.e. with God); and personal questions-  such as whose wife a woman will be- cannot exist for them, for they, united with God, cease to be personalities. 'As touching the restoration of the dead', says he, replying to the Sadducees who only acknowledged earthly life, 'have ye not read that which was spoken unto you by God?' In the book of Moses it is said that God from the bush spake unto Moses, saying, 'I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.' If God said to Moses that he is the God of Jacob, then Jacob is not dead for God, since God is the God of the living only and not of the dead. For God, all art alive. And therefore if there is a living God, that man also lives who has entered into communion with the ever-living God.

±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(¸¶ÅÂ22Àå 29Àý°ú 32Àý, ¸¶°¡ 12Àå 24-27Àý, ´©°¡ 20Àå 34-38Àý): ¡®³ÊÈñ°¡ ¼º°æµµ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ´É·Âµµ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °í·Î ¿ÀÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ »ç»óÀ» ºÎÁ¤Çϸ鼭 ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ È¸º¹Àº À°Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Á×Àº ÀÚ¿¡¼­ ȸº¹¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ µÇ°í, Çϴÿ¡¼­ õ»ç(Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±Ç´Éµé)ó·³ »ì¸ç, À̵鿡°Ô ´©±¸ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡ ÇÏ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×¸®°í °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µéÀº- ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¾î¶² ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ´©±¸ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡´Â- ±×µé¿¡°Ô Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº, Çϳª´Ô°ú ¿¬ÇÕÇϹǷÎ, °³ÀεéÀ̱⸦ ¸ØÃ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ Áö»óÀÇ »î¸¸À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â »çµÎ°³Àε鿡°Ô ´ë´äÇϸ鼭, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ È¸º¹¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©, ³ÊÈñ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÇÑ ¸»À» ÀÐÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´À³Ä?¡¯ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ Ã¥¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ±â¸¦ °ü¸ñ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô, ¡®³ª´Â ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀÇ Çϳª´Ô, ÀÌ»èÀÇ Çϳª´Ô, ¾ß°öÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯ ¸¸ÀÏ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾ß°öÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù¸é, ¾ß°öÀº Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô Á×Àº ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Çϳª´ÔÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ »ê ÀÚÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀ̸ç Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô´Â, ¸ðµÎ°¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¸¸ÀÏ »ì¾Æ°è½Å Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â Çϳª´Ô°ú ±³ÅëÇÔ¿¡ µç »ç¶÷µµ ¿ª½Ã »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Against the Pharisees Christ says that the restora¡©tion of life cannot be corporeal and personal. Against the Sadducees he says that besides a personal and temporary life there is also a life in communion with God. .

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀε鿡°Ô »îÀÇ È¸º¹Àº À°Ã¼ÀûÀ̰ųª °³ÀÎÀûÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. »çµÎ°³Àε鿡°Ô´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀ̸ç ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ »î ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¶ÇÇÑ Çϳª´Ô°ú ±³ÅëÇÏ´Â »îÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

Christ denies the personal, the corporeal resur¡©rection, but acknowledges a restoration of life in a man who merges his life into God's. Christ teaches salvation from personal life and places that salva¡©tion in the exaltation of the son of man and life in God. Uniting this teaching of his with the Jewish doctrine of the coming of a Messiah, he speaks to the Jews of the raising of the son of man from the dead, meaning by this not a corporeal and personal restoration of the dead, but an awakening of life in God. He never spoke of a corporeal, personal resur¡©rection. The best proof that he never preached the resurrection of man is furnished by the two solitary passages quoted by the theologians in proof of his having taught the doctrine of resurrection. These two passages are Matt. xxv. 31-46 and John v. 28,29. The first of these speaks of the coming, i.e. of the restoration, the exaltation, of the son of man (just as in Matt. x. 23) and therefore the majesty and power of the son of man are compared to a king. In the second passage what is spoken of is the restoration of true life here on earth, as it is ex¡©pressed in the preceding twenty-four verses.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀ̸ç À°Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ºÎȰÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °Í°ú ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼­ »îÀÇ È¸º¹À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡¸ç ±×·± ±¸¿øÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³ôÀÓ°ú Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ »î¿¡ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¸Þ½Ã¾ßÀÇ °­¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ±³¸®¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â À¯ÅÂÀε鿡°Ô Á×Àº ÀڷκÎÅÍ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ ÀϾÀ» ¸»Çϸç, À̰ÍÀº Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ À°Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ±×¸®°í °³ÀÎÀûÀΠȸº¹ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡¼­ »îÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â °áÄÚ À°Ã¼Àû, °³ÀÎÀû ºÎȰÀ» ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºÎȰÀ» ¼³±³ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Áõ°Å´Â, ±×°¡ ºÎȰÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å·Î¼­ ½ÅÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀοëµÇ´Â µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀ» µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö ±¸ÀýµéÀº ¸¶Åº¹À½ 25Àå 31-46Àý ¹× ¿äÇѺ¹À½ 5Àå 28, 29ÀýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Áß¿¡¼­ ù° ±¸Àý¿¡¼­´Â °­¸², Áï, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ È¸º¹, ³ôÀÓ(¸¶Åº¹À½ 10Àå 23Àý°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ)¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ À§¾ö°ú ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ¿Õ°ú ºñ±³µÈ´Ù. µÎ¹øÂ° ±¸Àý¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, ±× ¾ÕÀÇ 24 Àå¿¡¼­µµ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, À̰÷ Áö»ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÂüµÈ »îÀÇ È¸º¹ÀÌ´Ù.

One need only reflect on the meaning of Christ's teaching of eternal life in God, and recollect the teaching of the Hebrew prophets, to understand that if Christ wished to teach the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead, which was then only beginning to find a place in the Talmud and was a subject of dispute, he would have stated that doc¡©trine clearly and definitely; but on the contrary not only did he not do so, but he rejected it; and not a single place can be found in any one of the Gospels which confirms that doctrine. The two passages referred to above mean something quite different.

Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¿ÀÁ÷ »ó°íÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í È÷ºê¸® ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» »ó°íÇØ º½À¸·Î½á, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡, ±× ´ç½Ã ¿ÀÁ÷ Å»¹«µå ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¸®ÀâÀ¸·Á Çϰí ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç ³í¶õÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ´ø, Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ ºÎȰÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡°íÀÚ Çß´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ±× ±³¸®¸¦ ¸í·áÇÏ°í ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¼±¾ðÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¹Ý´ë·Î, ±×´Â ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇϱâ±îÁö ÇÏ¿´´Ù; º¹À½¼­ ¾î¶² °÷¿¡¼­µµ ±× ±³¸®¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ±¸ÀýÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. À§¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ µÎ ±¸ÀýµéÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù.

Of his own personal resurrection- strange as this may sound to people who have not themselves studied the Gospels- Christ never spoke at all! If, as the theologians teach, the basis of Christian faith lies in the resurrection of Christ, one would think that the least one could wish would be that Christ, knowing that he would rise again and that this would constitute the chief dogma of the Christian faith, should at least once say so clearly and definitely. But not only did he not say so definitely and clearly, he never once, not one single time in all the canonical Gospels, even mentioned it! What Christ taught was to exalt the son of man; that is to say, the essential life of man, and to acknowledge oneself a son of God. Christ personified in himself a man acknowledging sonship to God (Matt. xvi. 13-20). He asked the disciples what men said of him- the son of man? The disciples replied that some considered him to be John the Baptist miraculously risen from the dead, or a prophet; others, Elijah descended from heaven. 'But who do you say I am ?' asked he. And Peter, understanding Christ as he understood himself, replied: 'Thou art the Messiah, the son of the living God.' And Christ replied: 'Not flesh and blood hath revealed this unto thee, but our Father which is in heaven.' That is to say, you have understood this not because you believed human explanations, but because you, recognizing yourself to be a son of God, have understood me. And, explaining to Peter that on this sonship to God the true faith rests, Christ warned the other disciples (v. 20) that they should not in future say that he, Jesus, was the Messiah.

ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ºÎȰ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­- À̰ÍÀº º¹À½¼­¸¦ ½º½º·Î ¿¬±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô µé¸±Áö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸- ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °áÄÚ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù! ¸¸ÀÏ, ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ °¡¸£Ä¡µíÀÌ, ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºÎȰ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ù¶ö ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ °ÍÀº, ±×°¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀϾ °ÍÀ̸ç À̰ÍÀÌ ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ±³¸®¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ Àû¾îµµ ÇѹøÀº Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ ºÎȰ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸í·áÇÏ°í ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¸»Çß¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×´Â °áÄÚ Çѹøµµ, ¸ðµç Á¤°æ º¹À½¼­µé ¾È¿¡¼­ ´Ü ÇÑ ¹øµµ ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù! ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ °ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù; ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»ÁúÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ³ôÀ̰í, ÀÚ±âÀÚ½ÅÀ» Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾È¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÓÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» ±¸ÇöÇÏ¿´´Ù(¸¶Åº¹À½16Àå 13-20Àý). ±×´Â Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ½Å- »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé- ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹«¾ùÀ̶ó°í Çϴ°¡? ¹°¾ú´Ù. Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ´ë´äÇϱ⸦ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¸¦ ±âÀûÀûÀ¸·Î Á×Àº ÀÚ °¡¿îµ¥¼­ ÀϾ ¼¼·Ê ¿äÇÑ, ¶Ç´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚ·Î ¿©°åÀ¸¸ç; ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº, Çϴÿ¡¼­ ³»·Á¿Â ¿¤¸®¾ß¶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ¡®±×·¯³ª ³ÊÈñ´Â ³»°¡ ´©±¸¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´À³Ä?ÇÏ°í ±×°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í º£µå·Î´Â, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±×¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϵíÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϰí ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ´ë´äÇß´Ù: ¡®´ç½ÅÀº ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀ̸ç, »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù: ¡®À̸¦ ³×°Ô ¾Ë°ÔÇÑ ÀÌ´Â Ç÷À°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¿ä Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å ¿ì¸® ¾Æ¹öÁö½Ã´Ï¶ó¡¯. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ³ÊÈñ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» ¹Ï¾î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ÊÈñ°¡, ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ÀνÄÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î, ³ª¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ÀÌó·³ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ µÊÀ¸·Î½á ÂüµÈ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¸Ó¹°°Ô µÈ´Ù°í º£µå·Î¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇϸ鼭, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô °æ°í(5Àå 20Àý)Çϱ⸦, ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ±×µéÀº ±×, Áï, ¿¹¼ö°¡, ¸Þ½Ã¾ß¶ó°í ¸»Çؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

And after this Christ says that notwithstanding the fact that he would be tortured and killed, the son of man, knowing himself to be God's son, would nevertheless be re-established and triumph over all. And it is these words that are interpreted as a pre¡©diction of his resurrection!

±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± µÚ¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °í¹®À» ¹Þ°í Á×ÀÓÀ» ´çÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã ¼¼¿öÁ®¼­ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ À§¿¡ ½Â¸®ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ºÎȰÀÇ ¿¹¾ðÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼®µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù!

John ii. 19-22; Matt. xii. 40; Luke xi. 30; Matt. xvi. 4-21; Mark viii. 31; Luke ix. 22; Matt. xvii. 23; Mark ix. 31; Matt. xx. 19; Mark x. 34; Luke xviii. 33; Matt. xxvi. 32; Mark xiv. 28. Those are all the thirteen passages which are understood as being predictions by Christ of his resurrection. In three of them what is spoken of is Jonah in the whale's belly, and in one the reconstruction of the Temple. In the remaining ten passages it is said that the son of man cannot be destroyed, but nowhere is there one word about the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

¿äÇѺ¹À½ 2Àå 19-22, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 12Àå 40, ´©°¡º¹À½ 11Àå 30, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 16Àå 4Àý, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 16Àå 21, ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 8Àå 31, ´©°¡º¹À½ 9Àå 22, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 17Àå 23, ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 9Àå 31, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 20Àå 19, ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 10Àå 34, ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 14Àå 28, ´©°¡º¹À½ 18Àå 33, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 26Àå 32Àý. À̰͵éÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºÎȰ·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿­¼¼ °¡ÁöÀÇ ±¸ÀýµéÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁßÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö´Â °í·¡ÀÇ ¹î¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ä³ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, ÇÑ °¡Áö´Â ¼ºÀüÀÇ Àç°ÇÃà¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö ¿­ °¡Áö ±¸Àýµé¿¡¼­´Â, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ºÎȰ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ÇÑ ¸¶µðµµ ¾ø´Ù.

In none of these passages in the original does the word 'resurrection' even occur. Give a man who does not know the theological interpretation but who knows Greek, these passages to translate, and he will never translate them as they have been translated. In the original, two different words are used in three passages; the one is and the other . One of these words means, 'to up¡©raise'; the other means 'to awaken', and, in the middle voice, 'to wake up', 'to rouse oneself'. But neither the one nor the other can ever, under any circumstances, mean 'to raise from the dead'. In order fully to convince oneself that these Greek words, and the corresponding Hebrew word kum, cannot mean 'to raise from the dead', one need only compare the other passages in the Gospels where these words are used. They are used frequently and never translated by the words 'to raise from the dead' (auferstehen, ressusciter); such words did not exist in Greek or in Hebrew, nor was there the con¡©ception that corresponds to them. To express the conception of resurrection in Greek or in Hebrew, one has to employ a circumlocution and say: 'arose from the dead' or 'awoke from the dead'. So in the Gospels (Matt. xiv. 2) where the matter in hand is that Herod assumed the resurrection of John the Baptist, the words used are 'is risen from the dead'. So also in Luke xvi. 31 it is said, in the parable about Lazarus, that if there were a resurrection the man who returned from the dead would still not be believed, and the expression used is: 'if one rise from the dead'. Where the words 'from the dead' are not added to the words 'to rise', 'to awaken', the words 'rise' and 'awaken' never imply or could imply 'resurrection'. And speaking of himself, Christ did not once, in all the passages quoted as proof of his prediction of his resurrection- not one single time did he employ the words, 'from the dead'.

¿øÀü¿¡¼­ ÀÌµé ±¸Àý ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À °÷¿¡µµ ¡®ºÎȰ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸» Á¶Â÷µµ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×¸®½º¾î´Â ¾ËµÇ ½ÅÇÐÀû ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¸ð¸£´Â ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô, ÀÌ ±¸ÀýµéÀ» ÇØ¼®Çϵµ·Ï ÇØº¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â °áÄÚ ±× ±¸ÀýµéÀ», ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ø¿ªµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ø °Íó·³, ¹ø¿ªÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÀü¿¡¼­´Â µÎ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ ¸»µéÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö ±¸Àýµé¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù; ±× Çϳª´Â ÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ¡®È¸º¹ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇϸç; ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ¡®±ú¿ì´Ù¡¯À̸ç, Áß°£Å·μ­, ¡®´«À» ¶ß´Ù¡¯, ¡®ÀϾ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀüÀÚµç ÈÄÀÚµç, ¾î¶² »óȲ¿¡¼­µµ, °áÄÚ ¡®ºÎȰÇÏ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌµé ±×¸®½º¾î ´Ü¾îµé°ú, ÀÌ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â È÷ºê¸®¾î ´Ü¾î kum°¡, ¡®ºÎȰÇÏ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» öÀúÈ÷ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸·Á¸é, º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± ¸»µéÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±¸ÀýµéÀ» ºñ±³Çغ¼ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÇÁö¸¸ °áÄÚ ¡®ºÎȰÇÏ´Ù¡¯ (aufersthen, ressusciter)´Â ´Ü¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ±×¸®½º¾î³ª È÷ºê¸®¾î¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×°Íµé¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â °³³äµµ ±×°÷¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½º¾î³ª È÷ºê¸®¾î¿¡¼­ ºÎȰÀÇ °³³äÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ¡®Á×À½¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í Çϰųª ¡®Á×À½¿¡¼­ ±ú¾î³µ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ º¹À½¼­(¸¶Åº¹À½14Àå 2Àý)¿¡¼­ Çì·ÔÀÌ ¼¼·Ê ¿äÇÑÀÇ ºÎȰÀ» ¹Ï¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ´ë¸ñÀε¥, »ç¿ëµÈ ¸»µéÀº ¡®Á×À½¿¡¼­ ±ú¾î³ª´Ù¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¶ÇÇÑ ´©°¡º¹À½ 16Àå 31ÀýÀÇ, ³ªÀڷο¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÀ¯¿¡¼­, ¸¸ÀÏ ºÎȰÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, Á×À½¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Â »ç¶÷À» ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ¶ó ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í »ç¿ëµÈ Ç¥ÇöÀº: ¡®Á×À½¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ³ª´Â ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖÀ»Áö¶óµµ¡¯ ÀÌ´Ù. ¡®Á×Àº ÀÚ °¡¿îµ¥¼­¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»µéÀÌ ¡®ÀϾ´Ù¡¯, ¡®±ú¾î³ª´Ù¡¯¿¡ ÷°¡µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °÷¿¡¼­´Â, ¡®ÀϾ´Ù¡¯, ¡®±ú¾î³ª´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»µéÀÌ °áÄÚ ¡®ºÎȰ¡¯À» ÀǹÌÇϰųª ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ, ±×ÀÇ ºÎȰÀ» ¿¹¾ðÇÔÀÇ Áõ°Å·Î ÀοëµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ±¸Àýµé¿¡¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Çѹøµµ- ´Ü Çѹøµµ ¡®Á×Àº ÀÚ °¡¿îµ¥¼­¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

Our conception of the resurrection is so different from the Jewish conception of life that it is im¡©possible even to imagine how Christ could have spoken to the Jews about resurrection and an everlasting, personal life belonging to each man. The conception of a future personal life has come to us neither from Jewish teaching nor from Christ's teaching. It entered church doctrine quite from without. Strange as it may appear, it cannot but be said that a belief in a future personal life is a very low and gross conception (based on a confusion of sleep with death) and one natural to all savage tribes, and that the Hebrew doctrine, not to speak of the Christian doctrine, stood immeasurably above it. We are convinced that this superstition is something very elevated, and seriously try to prove the superiority of our teaching to other doc¡©trines by the fact that we hold this superstition, while others, such as the Chinese and Hindus, do not hold it. This is argued not only by theologians but also by the free-thinking, scholarly historians of religion (Tiele, Max Muller, and others), who, when classifying religion, reckon those which share this superstition as superior to those which do not share it. The free-thinking Schopenhauer plainly calls the Hebrew religion the vilest (niedertrachtigste) of all religions, because it contains no idea (keine Idee) of the immortality of the soul. Actually in the Hebrew religion neither that conception nor that word exists. Eternal life, in Hebrew, is Khaye-olam. Olam means endless, unchangeable in time. Olani also means the world, the cosmos, life in general, and especially endless life. Khaye-olam, according to the Hebrew doctrine, is an attribute of the one God. God is the God of life, the living God. Man in the Hebrew conception is always mortal; only God is ever-living. In the Pentateuch the words 'live for ever' are twice employed. Once in Deuteronomy, xxxii. 39, 40, God says: 'See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no God but me: I kill, and I make alive; I have wounded and I heal; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand. For I lift up my hand to heaven, and say, I live for ever. . . .' The other time, in Genesis iii. 22, God says: 'Behold, the man has eaten of the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, and is become as us [one of us]; and now, may he not put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever?' Except in one chapter of the apocry¡©phal book of Daniel, these are the only two instances of the use of the words 'live for ever' in the Penta¡©teuch or in the whole of the Old Testament, and they clearly define the Jews' conception of life generally and of life eternal. Life itself, in the con¡©ception of the Jews, is eternal, and so is life in God; but man is mortal, such is his nature.

ºÎȰ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ç»óÀº À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç»ó°ú´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ´Ù¸£¹Ç·Î, ½ÉÁö¾î ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ À¯ÅÂÀε鿡°Ô ºÎȰ ¹× °¢°¢ÀÇ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ¿µ¿øÇÏ¸ç °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ»±î »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÁ¶Â÷ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç»óÀº À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅ͵µ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅ͵µ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ Ãâó·Î ±³È¸ÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô µé¸±Áö¶óµµ, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀº ¸Å¿ì Á¶¾ÇÇÏ°í ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ °³³äÀ¸·Î¼­ ¸ðµç ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ Á¾Á·µé¿¡°Ô °íÀ¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³¸®´Â ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾øÀÌ, È÷ºê¸®ÀÇ ±³¸®´Â ±×º¸´Ù Ãø·®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î °í»óÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·± ¹Ì½ÅÀÌ ¸Å¿ì °í»óÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Î È®½ÅÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·± ¹Ì½ÅÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Áß±¹ÀεéÀ̳ª ÀεµÀÎµé °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â »ç½Ç·Î¼­, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ±³¸®µéº¸´Ùµµ ¿ì¿ùÇÔÀ» Áõ¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó (Æ¿·¹, ¸·½º¹Á·¯, ±âŸÀÇ)Çб¸Àû ÀÚÀ¯»ç»ó Á¾±³ ¿ª»ç°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­µµ ÁÖÀåµÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº, Á¾±³¸¦ ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¶§, ÀÌ·± ¹Ì½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íµéº¸´Ùµµ ¿ì¿ùÇÏ´Ù°í Æò°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯ »ç»ó°¡ÀÎ ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î´Â È÷ºê¸®ÀεéÀÇ Á¾±³¸¦ ¸í¹éÈ÷ °¡Àå °¡Àå ¿­µîÇÏ´Ù°í(niedertrachtigste) ¿©±â´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿µÈ¥ ºÒ¸ê¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± »ç»ó(keine Idee)À» ´ã°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç È÷ºê¸® Á¾±³¿¡´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °³³äµµ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿ë¾îµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀº, È÷ºê¸®¾î¿¡¼­, Khaye-olamÀÌ´Ù. OlamÀº ½Ã°£¿¡¼­ ³¡ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù, ºÒº¯ÀÌ´Ù¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Olani ¿ª½Ã ¼¼»ó, ¿ìÁÖ, º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ »î, ±×¸®°í Ưº°È÷ ³¡¾ø´Â »îÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Khaye-olamÀº, È÷ºê¸®ÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀº »îÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀ̸ç, »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ´Ù. È÷ºê¸®ÀεéÀÇ »ç»ó¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á×À½À» ¸éÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´Ô ¸¸ÀÌ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ê´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ ¿À°æ¿¡¼­ ¡®¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ê´Ù¡¯´Â ¸»Àº µÎ ¹ø »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÇÑ ¹øÀº ½Å¸í±â 32Àå 39, 40Àý¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®ÀÌÁ¦´Â ³ª °ð ³»°¡ ±×ÀÎÁÙ ¾Ë¶ó ³ª¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÀÌ ¾øµµ´Ù ³»°¡ Á×À̱⵵ ÇÏ¸ç »ì¸®±âµµ ÇÏ¸ç »óÇϰԵµ ÇÏ¸ç ³´°Ôµµ Çϳª´Ï ³» ¼Õ¿¡¼­ ´ÉÈ÷ °ÇÁú ÀÚ ¾øµµ´Ù40³»°¡ ÇÏ´ÃÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ³» ¼ÕÀ» µé°í ¸»Çϳë¶ó ³ªÀÇ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ »îÀ» µÎ°í ¸Í¼¼Çϳë´Ï¡¦¡¯. â¼¼±â 3Àå 22ÀýÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã±â¿¡, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®º¸¶ó ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼±¾ÇÀ» ¾Æ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¿ì¸® Áß Çϳª°°ÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï ±×°¡ ±× ¼ÕÀ» µé¾î »ý¸í³ª¹« ½Ç°úµµ µû ¸Ô°í ¿µ»ýÇÒ±î Çϳë¶ó¡¯. ¹¬½Ã·ÏÀÎ ´Ù´Ï¿¤ÀÇ ÇÑ ÀåÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â, ¸ð¼¼ ¿À°æÀ̳ª, ±¸¾à ¼º¼­ Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©, À̰͵éÀÌ ¡®¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ì´Ù¡¯ ¸»µéÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ µÎ °¡Áö ¿¹µéÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍµéÀº ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ »î¿¡ °³³äÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. »î ÀÚü´Â, À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ °³³ä¿¡¼­, ¿µ¿øÇÏ´Ù, ±×¸®°í Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ »îµµ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº Á×¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ´Ù.

Nowhere in the Old Testament is it said, as taught in our Bible-classes, that God breathed into man an immortal soul, or that the first man before he sinned was immortal. God created man, as is told in the first story in the book of Genesis (ch. i. 26) just as He created the animals, of the male and female gender: and He ordered them to be fruitful and multiply in just the same way. Just as it is not said of the animals that they are immortal, so it is not said of man. In the following chapters it is plainly said that God drove man out of paradise and warded him off from the way to the tree of life. So that man did not eat of the fruit of the tree of life, and did not obtain khaye-olam- that is to say, 'life for ever'- but remained mortal.

±¸¾à¼º¼­ ¾îµð¿¡µµ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼º°æÇб³¿¡¼­ ¹è¿î °Íó·³, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ºÒ¸êÀÇ È¥À» ºÒ¾î ³Ö¾î Áּ̰í, ÃÖÃÊÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á˸¦ Áþ±â Àü±îÁö ºÒ¸êÀ̾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. â¼¼±âÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° À̾߱⿡¼­(1Àå 26Àý) ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ µ¿¹°À» âÁ¶ÇÑ °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î »ç¶÷À» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù: ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ³º°í ¹ø½ÄÇ϶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇß´Ù. µ¿¹°µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ºÒ¸êÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íó·³, »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ ºÒ¸êÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ Àå¿¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ »ç¶÷À» ³«¿ø¿¡¼­ ÂѾƳ»¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×°¡ »ý¸íÀÇ ³ª¹«·ÎºÎÅÍ Â÷´ÜÇÏ¿´´Ù. °á±¹ »ç¶÷Àº »ý¸í ³ª¹«ÀÇ ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, Khaye-olam- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¡®¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¡¯µµ ¾òÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸¸ç, Á×¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óÅ·Π³²¾Ò´Ù.

According to the Jewish teaching man is man just as we know him- that is to say, he is mortal. Life in him is only life continuing itself in the race from generation to generation. Only the race according to the teaching of the Jews has in itself the possibility of life. When God says: 'You shall live and not die', He speaks to the race. The life breathed by God into man is mortal for each separate man; but this life is continued from genera¡©tion to generation if men fulfill their covenant with God- that is to say, fulfill the conditions demanded for this by God.

À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é, »ç¶÷Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×´Â Á×À» ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »îÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼¼´ë¿¡¼­ ¼¼´ë·Î Àηù ¾È¿¡¼­ ±× ÀÚü°¡ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ À̾îÁö´Â »îÀÌ´Ù. À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¿ÀÁ÷ Àηù¸¸ÀÌ ±× ÀÚü·Î¼­ »îÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, ¡®³ÊÈñ´Â »ì °ÍÀ̸ç Á×Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ±×´Â Àηù¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÌ È£ÈíÀ¸·Î ºÒ¾î ³ÖÀº »îÀº Á¦°¢±â ºÐ¸®µÈ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô À־´Â Á×¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Çϳª´Ô°ú ±×µéÀÇ °è¾àÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇµéÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é- ÀÌ »îÀº ¼¼´ë¿¡¼­ ¼¼´ë·Î °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù.

Having set forth all the laws, and said that these laws are not from heaven but are in their hearts, Moses says in Deuteronomy xxx. 15: 'See, I have set before thee life and good, and death and evil; in that I command thee to love God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commandments, that thou mayest live.' And in verse 19: 'I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before thee life and death, the blessing and the curse: therefore choose life, that thou mayest live, thou and thy seed: to love God, to obey his voice, and to cleave unto him; for from him is thy life and the length of thy days.'

¸ðµç À²¹ýµéÀ» ¼±¾ðÇϰí ÀÌ À²¹ýµéÀº Çϴÿ¡¼­ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ°í ³ª¼­, ¸ð¼¼´Â ½Å¸í±â30Àå 15Àý¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®º¸¶ó ³»°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ »ý¸í°ú º¹°ú »ç¸Á°ú È­¸¦ ³× ¾Õ¿¡ µÎ¾ú³ª´Ï °ð ³»°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ ³Ê¸¦ ¸íÇÏ¿© ³× Çϳª´Ô ¿©È£¿Í¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ°í ±× ¸ðµç ±æÀ» ÇàÇÏ¸ç ±× ¸í·É°ú ±ÔÁ¦¿Í ¹ýµµ¸¦ Áö۶óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó. ±×¸®ÇÏ¸é ³×°¡ »ýÁ¸ÇÏ¿© ¹ø¼ºÇÒ °ÍÀ̿䡯. ±×¸®°í 19Àý¿¡¼­: ¡®³»°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ õÁö¸¦ ºÒ·¯¼­ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô Áõ°Å¸¦ »ï³ë¶ó ³»°¡ »ý¸í°ú »ç¸Á°ú º¹°ú ÀúÁÖ¸¦ ³× ¾Õ¿¡ µÎ¾úÀº Áï ³Ê¿Í ³× ÀÚ¼ÕÀÌ »ì±â À§ÇÏ¿© »ý¸íÀ» ÅÃÇÏ°í ³× Çϳª´Ô ¿©È£¿Í¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ°í ±× ¸»¾¸À» ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ¸ç ¶Ç ±×¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾Ç϶ó. ±×´Â ³× »ý¸íÀÌ¿ä Àå¼ö½Ã´Ï.¡¯

The chief distinction between our understanding of human life and that of the Jews consists in this, that according to our understanding our mortal life, transmitted from generation to generation, is not real life but a fallen life, for some reason temporarily spoilt; but in the Jewish conception this life is the most real, it is the highest good, given to man on condition that he fulfils the will of God. From our point of view the transmission of that fallen life from generation to generation is the continuation of a curse. From the point of view of the Jews, it is the highest blessing attainable by man and to be reached only by fulfilling God's will.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ »î¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿Í À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ÀÌÇØÀÇ ÁÖµÈ Â÷ÀÌ´Â À̰Ϳ¡ ÀÖ´Ù, Áï, ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ »ç»ó¿¡ µû¸£¸é ºÒ¸êÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀº, ¼¼´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼¼´ë·Î À̾îÁö¸ç, ÂüµÈ »îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »î, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »îÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ »ç»ó¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·± »îÀÌ °¡Àå Áø½ÇÇϸç, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼±ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °üÁ¡À¸·Î´Â, ±×·¸°Ô ¼¼´ë¿¡¼­ ¼¼´ë·Î À̾îÁö´Â Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »îÀº ÀúÁÖÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀÌ´Ù. À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ °üÁ¡À¸·Î´Â, ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼±ÀÌ¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

It is on that understanding of life that Christ bases his teaching of the true or eternal life, which he contrasts with personal and mortal life. 'Ye search the scriptures', says Christ to the Jews (John v. 39), 'because ye think that in them ye have eternal life.'

¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± ÀÌÇØ À§¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Áø½ÇÇÏ°í ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±âÃÊÇϸç, °³ÀÎÀûÀ̸ç Á×¾î¾ß ÇÒ »î°ú ´ëÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â À¯ÅÂÀε鿡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³ÊÈñ°¡ ¼º°æ¿¡¼­ ¿µ»ýÀ» ¾ò´Â ÁÙ »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ¼º°æÀ» »ó°íÇ϶ó.¡¯ (¿äÇѺ¹À½5Àå 39Àý).

A young man asked Christ (Matt. xix. 16) how to enter into eternal life. Christ, replying to the question of eternal life, says: 'If thou wouldest enter into life (he does not say eternal life, but simply life), keep the commandments.' He says the same to the lawyer (Luke x. 28): 'This do, and thou shalt live', and here also he said live simply, without adding 'live eternally.' Christ in both cases defines what would be understood by the words 'eternal life'; when he uses them he says to the Jews what had often been said in their law, namely, that the fulfillment of God's will is eternal life.

ÇÑ Ã»³âÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ µé ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù(¸¶Åº¹À½ 19Àå 16Àý). ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ë´äÇϸ鼭 ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³×°¡ »ý¸í¿¡ µé¾î°¡·Á¸é(±×´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ »îÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù), °è¸íµéÀ» Áö۶ó.¡¯ ±×´Â À²¹ýÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ôµµ ¶È°°ÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(´©°¡º¹À½ 10Àå 28Àý): ¡®À̸¦ ÇàÇ϶ó, ±×·¯¸é »ì¸®¶ó¡¯, ±×¸®°í ¿©±â¿¡¼­µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ±×´Â ¡®¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ê´Ù¡¯¶ó°í µ¡ºÙÀÓÀÌ ¾øÀÌ, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ »ê´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â µÎ °¡Áö ¿¹¿¡¼­ ¡®¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù; ±×°¡ ÀÌ ¸»µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§, ±×´Â À¯ÅÂÀε鿡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °Í, Áï Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

Christ, in contradiction to temporal, private, personal life, teaches that eternal life which, in Deuteronomy, God promised to Israel, only with this difference, that according to the Jewish con¡©ception eternal life endured only in the chosen people of Israel and to obtain that life it was necessary to observe the exceptional laws God had given to Israel; while by Christ's teaching eternal life continues in the son of man, and what is needed to preserve it is the observance of the laws of Christ which express God's will for the whole of humanity.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀ̸ç, »çÀûÀ̰í, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇϸ鼭, ½Å¸í±â¿¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ À̽º¶ó¿¤ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾à¼ÓÇÏ¿´´ø ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀ» °¡¸£Ä£´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù, Áï, À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ »ç»ó¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼±ÅÃµÈ À̽º¶ó¿¤ ¹ÎÁ·¿¡°Ô¸¸ Áö¼ÓµÇ¸ç ±×·± »îÀ» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡ ÁÖ¾ú´ø ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ À²¹ýµéÀ» ÁؼöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù; ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé ¾È¿¡¼­ °è¼ÓµÇ¸ç, ±×°ÍÀ» º¸Á¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº Àüü Àηù¸¦ À§ÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ ÁؼöÀÌ´Ù.

Christ contrasts with personal life, not a life beyond the grave but common life bound up with the past, present, and future, the life of the whole of humanity, the life of the son of man.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ», ¹«´ý ÀúÆíÀÇ »îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °ú°Å, ÇöÀç, ±×¸®°í ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ±¸¼ÓÇÏ´Â °øÅëÀÇ »î, Àüü ÀηùÀÇ »î, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ »î°ú ´ëºñÇÑ´Ù.

The salvation of personal life from death, accord¡©ing to the teaching of the Jews, lay in the fulfillment of the will of God expressed in the law of Moses by His commandments. Only on that condition did life as the Jews understood it not perish but pass on from generation to generation among God's chosen people. The salvation of personal life from death, according to Christ's teaching, lies in a similar fulfillment of the will of God expressed in Christ's commandments. Only on that condition according to Christ's teaching does personal life not perish but become ever secure in the son of man. The difference is only in this, that Moses' service of God is a service of the God of one people, while Christ's service of God is a service of the God of all man¡©kind. The survival of life in the generations of one race was doubtful, for that people itself might dis¡©appear, and also because that survival depended on corporeal descendants. The survival of life by Christ's teaching is indubitable, because life ac¡©cording to his teaching is transferred to the son of man who lives by the will of the Father.

Á×À½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ±¸¿øÀº, À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ °è¸íµé¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÈ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´´ø »îÀº ¼Ò¸êµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ¼¼´ë¿¡¼­ ¼¼´ë·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¹ÎÁ· »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀüÇØÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á×À½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ±¸¿øÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµé¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÈ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ¶È°°ÀÌ ÀÌÇàÇÔ¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ °³ÀÌÀûÀÎ »îÀº ¼Ò¸êÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé ¾È¿¡¼­ ´õ¿í ¾ÈÀüÇØÁø´Ù. Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÀ»ç´Â ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÀ»çÀ̸ç, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÀ»ç´Â ¸ðµç ÀηùÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÀ»çÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ¼¼´ëµé¿¡¼­ »îÀÇ Á¸¼ÓÀº Àǽɽº·´´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¹ÎÁ· ÀÚü°¡ »ç¶óÁú ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×·± »ýÁ¸Àº À°½ÅÀÇ Èļյ鿡 ÀÇÁ¸Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »îÀÇ Á¸¼ÓÀº È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é »îÀº ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô °è½ÂµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

But even supposing the words of Christ about a day of judgment, the end of the age, and other sayings in John's Gospel, have a meaning referring to a life beyond the grave for the souls of those who have died, nevertheless it is unquestionable that his teaching about the light of life and the kingdom of God also has the meaning, comprehensible to his hearers and comprehensible to us, that the only true life is the life of the son of man according to the will of the Father. It is easier to admit this, since the doctrine of true life according to the will of the Father of life can include the conception of immortality and of life beyond the grave.

±×·¯³ª ½ÉÁö¾î ½ÉÆÇÀÇ ³¯°ú Á¾¸»¿¡ °üÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»°ú, ¿äÇѺ¹À½¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±¸ÀýµéÀÌ, Á×¾î¹ö¸° »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¹«´ý ÀúÆíÀÇ »îÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í »îÀÇ ºû°ú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿ª½Ã, ±×ÀÇ ¸»À» µéÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ôµµ ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÂüµÈ »îÀº ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀ» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ »îÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÑÃþ ½±´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀ» µû¸£´Â ÂüµÈ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³¸®´Â ºÒ¸ê°ú »çÈÄÀÇ »ý¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³äÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

It may be more correct to suppose that after this worldly life lived for the fulfillment of his personal will, an everlasting personal life still awaits a man in paradise with all possible delights: perhaps that is more correct; but to think that it is so and to try to believe that for good deeds I shall be rewarded with everlasting bliss and for bad deeds with everlasting torments, does not conduce to an understanding of Christ's teaching. On the contrary, to think so deprives Christ's teaching of its chief basis.

°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÀÇÁöÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» À§Çؼ­ »ì¾Æ¿Â ÀÌ·± ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ »î ÈÄ¿¡, ¿µ¿øÇÑ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç Èñ¿­µé·Î °¡µæÂù ³«¿ø¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷À» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ¿í ¿ÇÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°ÍÀÌ ´õ¿í ¿ÇÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¼±ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ³»°¡ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ÃູÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í ¾ÇÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¿µ¿øÇÑ °íÅëÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù°í ¹ÏÀ¸·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±ú´Ý´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î, ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼­ ±× ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ »Ñ¸®¸¦ ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The whole teaching of Christ is that his disciples, having understood the illusory nature of personal life, should renounce it and transfer it into the life of the whole of humanity; the life of the son of man. The teaching of the immortality of the personal soul, on the other hand, does not call for the re¡©nunciation of one's personal life, but rivets that personality for ever.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§Àº ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ µ¡¾ø´Â ¼º°ÝÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϰí, ±×°ÍÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏ¿©¼­ Àüü ÀηùÀÇ »î, Áï »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ »îÀ¸·Î ÀüȯÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ºÒ¸ê¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ÇÑ Æí, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ Æ÷±â¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ °³¼ºÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ °íÂøÈ­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

According to the conception of the Jews, the Chinese, the Hindus, and all the people of the world who do not believe the dogma of the fall of man and his redemption, life is life as we know it. A man copulates, has children, brings them up, grows old, and dies. His children grow up and continue his life, which goes on uninterruptedly from generation to generation just as all goes on in the world: stones, earth, metals, plants, animals, stars, and everything in the universe. Life is life and must be used as well as possible. To live for oneself is irrational. Therefore since people existed they have sought an aim of life outside themselves, and live for their child, their family, their tribe, or for humanity, for all that does not die with their personal life.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ Å¸¶ô°ú ±¸¿ø¿¡ °üÇÑ ±³¸®¸¦ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â À¯ÅÂÀεé, Áß±¹Àεé, ÀεµÀεé, ±×¸®°í ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, »îÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ »îÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº °áÈ¥Çϰí, ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ³ºÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀ» ¾çÀ°Çϰí, ³ªÀ̰¡ µé¾î¼­ Á״´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ Àڶ󳪼­ ±×ÀÇ »îÀ» °è¼ÓÇϸç, ±× »îÀº ¼¼´ë¿¡¼­ ¼¼´ë·Î ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¸ç ¼¼»ó ¸ðµç °Í¿¡¼­ °è¼ÓµÇ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù: µ¹µé, ¶¥, ±Ý¼Óµé, ½Ä¹°µé, µ¿¹°µé, ±×¸®°í ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¸ðµç °Íµéó·³. »îÀº »îÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é ÃÖ¼±À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ±â ÀڽŸ¸À» À§ÇÏ¿© »ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ ÀÌÈķκÎÅÍ, ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼­ »îÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ Àڳฦ À§Çؼ­ »ì°í, ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·, ±×µéÀÇ Á¾Á·, ¶Ç´Â Àηù¸¦ À§Çؼ­, ±×µéÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î°ú ÇÔ²² Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» À§Çؼ­ »ê´Ù.

According to the teaching of our Church, on the contrary, human life, as the greatest good known to us, is represented as being only an atom of the life that is for a time held back from us. Our life according to that view is not life as God wished to give and should have given it us, but is a spoilt, bad, fallen life, a copy of life, a caricature of the real life we for some reason imagine God ought to have given us. The chief aim of our life, according to this view, is not to live this mortal life as the Giver of life desires, nor to make it permanent in the generations of men as the Jews teach, nor does it lie in merging it with the will of the Father as Christ taught, but in convincing oneself that after this life the true life will begin.

±×·¯³ª ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÀÌ¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î, »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀº, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÃÖ¼±À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Àá½Ãµ¿¾È º¸·ùµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â »îÀÇ Áö±ØÈ÷ ÀÛÀº ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀº ±×·± ½Ã°¢¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÁÖ°íÀÚ ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÁÖ¾ú¾î¾ß ÇÒ »îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ø¾²°ÔµÇ¾î, ¾ÇÇϰí Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »îÀ̸ç, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» »ó»óÇÏ´Â ÂüµÈ »îÀ» º¹»çÇÑ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¸ð¹æ¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¸ñÀûÀº, ÀÌ·± ±³¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, »îÀ» ÁֽŠºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÀÌ·± Á×¾î¾ß ÇÒ »îÀ» »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÌ °¡¸£Ä¡µíÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼´ëµéÀ» °ÅÃļ­ ¿µ¿øÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£ÃƵíÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ »îÀ» ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÌ »îÀÌ °¡°í ³ª¸é ÂüµÈ »îÀÌ ¿Ã °ÍÀ̶ó°í ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô È®½Å½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Christ does not speak of this imaginary life of ours which God ought to have given, but for some reason did not give, to man. The theory of the fall of Adam and everlasting life in paradise and an immortal soul breathed into Adam by God, was unknown to Christ and he did not refer to it, nor by a single word hint at its existence. Christ speaks of life as it is and always will be. But we speak of a life we have imagined for ourselves- such as never existed; how then can we understand Christ's teaching?

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú¾î¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÌ·± »ó»ó ¼ÓÀÇ »îÀ» ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾Æ´ãÀÇ Å¸¶ô°ú ³«¿ø¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î ±×¸®°í Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾Æ´ã¿¡°Ô ºÒ¾î³Ö¾î Áø ºÒ¸êÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ð¸£´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¾ð±Þµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ±×°ÍÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ´Ü ÇÑ ¸¶µðÀÇ ¾Ï½Ãµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »îÀ» ÀÖ´Â ¶Ç´Â ÀÖÀ» ±×´ë·Î ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â »î¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ½º½º·Î »ó»óÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù- ±×·¯³ª ±×·± °ÍÀº °áÄÚ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù; ±×·¯´Ï ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡?

Christ could not imagine such a strange concep¡©tion among his followers. He assumes that everyone understands that personal life inevitably perishes, and he shows a life that does not perish. He gives welfare to those who are in evil plight; but to those who have persuaded themselves that they have much more than Christ gives, his teaching can offer nothing. I may exhort a man to work, assuring him that for his labor he will receive food and clothing, but suddenly the man becomes con¡©vinced that he is a millionaire; evidently he will not listen to my exhortations. The same thing occurs with Christ's teaching. Why should I try to earn, when I can be rich without work? Why should I try to live this life according to the will of God, when I am confident that without that I shall have an everlasting personal life?

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» µû¸£´Â ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ±×Åä·Ï ÀÌ»óÇÑ °³³äÀ» »ó»óÇϸ®¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀº ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Á״´٠°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù°í ÀüÁ¦Çϰí, Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â »îÀ» º¸¿© ÁØ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÇÇÑ ¿ª°æ¿¡ óÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» ÁØ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â, ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³»°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À» ¼³µæÇÏ¿© ÀÏÇϵµ·Ï Çϰí, ±×°¡ ÀÌ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© À½½Ä°ú ÀǺ¹À» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¾È½É½ÃÄÑ ÁÖÁö¸¸, °©ÀÚ±â ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹é¸¸ÀåÀÚ¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é, °á±¹ ±×´Â ³ªÀÇ ±Ç°íµéÀ» µéÀ¸·Á ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³»°¡ ÀÏÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ºÎÀÚÀε¥ ¿Ö ³»°¡ µ·À» ¹ú°Ú´Ù°í ÀÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡? ³»°¡ ¿Ö Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·± »îÀ» »ì·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ½á¾ß Çϴ°¡, ³ª´Â ±×°Í ¾øÀ̵µ ¿µ¿øÇÑ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇϰí ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?

We are taught that Christ saved people by the fact that he was the Second Person of the Trinity, that he was God and became incarnate, and having taken on himself the sins of Adam and of all man¡©kind, he redeemed the sins of men before the First Person of the Trinity, and for our salvation estab¡©lished the Church and the sacraments. By believing this we are saved and receive everlasting personal life beyond the grave. But it cannot be denied that he saved and saves people also by the fact that having shown them the inevitable destruction awaiting them, he, by his words, 'I am the way, the truth, and the life', showed them a true path of life in place of the false path of personal life we previously followed.

¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¹è¿ü´Ù, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ Á¦2ÀÎÀ̸ç, ±×´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̸ç À°½ÅÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­, ¾Æ´ãÀÇ Á˸¦ ´ë½Å Áö¼Ì´Ù, ±×´Â »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ Á¦1À§ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á˸¦ ±¸¼ÓÇϰí, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±³È¸¿Í ¼º·Ê¸¦ È®¸³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î½á ¿ì¸®´Â ±¸¿øÀ» ¹Þ°í ¹«´ý ÀúÆí¿¡¼­ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¶ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÆÄ¸êÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í, ¡®³ª´Â ±æÀÌ¿ä, Áø¸®¿ä, »ý¸íÀÌ´Ï¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»·Î½á, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ µû¶ó°¡´ø °ÅÁþµÈ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ±æ ´ë½Å¿¡, ÂüµÈ »îÀÇ ±æÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÎÀ뵃 ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

There may be people who have doubts about life beyond the grave and salvation based on the re¡©demption, but about the salvation of men, in¡©dividually and collectively, by showing them the inevitability of the destruction of their personal life and by merging their will with that of the Father, there can be no doubt. Let any rational man ask himself what his life and death is. Can he give to that life and death any other meaning than that which Christ gave?

Á×À½ ÀúÆíÀÇ »î°ú ¼ÓÁË¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÐ ±¸¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀǽÉÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ»Áö´Â ¸ð¸£³ª, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¸ê¸ÁÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æ°ú ±×µéÀÇ ¶æÀ» ¿¬ÇÕÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í ÁýÇÕÀû ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±¸¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÇȤÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¸ðµç ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î°ú Á×À½ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ÀÚ¹®ÇØ º¸µµ·Ï Ç϶ó. ±×°¡ ±×·± »î°ú Á×À½¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÁØ °Í°ú ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡?

Any meaning given to a personal life if it be not based on the renunciation of self for the service of man, humanity, the son of man, is a delusion which flies to pieces at the first contact with reason. That my personal life perishes and that the life of the whole world in the will of the Father does not perish, and that only by merging with it can I possibly be saved, of that I can have no doubt. But this is so little in comparison with those exalted religious beliefs in a future life! Though it be little, it is sure.

°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¾î¶² Àǹ̶óµµ, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷, Àηù, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÀ»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ Àڱ⠺ÎÁ¤¿¡ ±âÃʵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, À̼º°úÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° Á¢ÃËÀ¸·Î °¡·ç°¡ µÇ¾î ³¯¾Æ°¡¹ö¸± ¸Á»óÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ³ªÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀº ¼Ò¸êµÇ¸ç ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Àüü ¼¼»óÀÇ »îÀº ¼Ò¸êµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°Í°ú ¿¬ÇÕÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ³ª´Â ±¸¿øµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ÀÌÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ÀǽÉÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ »î ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼þ°íÇÑ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ½Å¾Óµé¿¡ ºñÇÏ¸é ³Ê¹«³ª ÇÏÀß °Í ¾ø´Ù! ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÏÀß °Í ¾ø´õ¶óµµ, ±×°ÍÀº È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù.

We are lost in a snow-storm. A man assures us, and he believes, that there are lights and there is a village, but it only seems so to him and to us be¡©cause we wish it were so. We have walked towards those lights, and there were none. Another man has walked through the snow, he has reached the road and shouts to us: 'You will get nowhere, the lights are in your eyes, you will go astray and perish. But here is the hard road; I am on it, it will keep us right.' That is very little. When we believed in the lights that glittered in our bewildered eyes we seemed close to a village and a warm hut, and to safety and rest, and here we have only a firm road. But if we listen to the first man we shall certainly perish, and if we listen to the second we shall certainly reach our destination.

¿ì¸®´Â ´«º¸¶ó ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ±æÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ È®½Å½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ¸ç ±×µµ ¹Ï´Â´Ù, Àú±â¿¡ ºÒºûµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù ±×¸®°í ¸¶À»µµ ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×·¨À¸¸é ÇÏ°í ¿øÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¿¡°Ô ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ±×·¸°Ô ´À²¸Áú »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´« ¼ÓÀ» °É¾î°¬´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±æ¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼Ò¸®Ä£´Ù: ¡®±×¸® °¡Áö ¸»¶ó, ºÒºûµéÀº ³ÊÈñ ´« ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¾û¶×ÇÑ ±æ·Î °¡¼­ Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©±â¿¡ µüµüÇÑ ±æÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù; ³ª´Â ±× À§¿¡ ¼­ÀÖ´Ù, ÀÌ ±æÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¹Ù¸¥ ±æ·Î µ¥·Á´Ù ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ À̰ÍÀº »ç¼ÒÇÑ À̾߱â´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ´çȲÇÑ ´«¿¡¼­ ¹Ý¦ÀÌ´Â ºÒºûµéÀ» ¹Ï¾ú´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ¸¶À»°ú µû¶æÇÑ ¿ÀµÎ¸·¿¡, ±×¸®°í ¾ÈÀü°ú È޽Ŀ¡ °¡±î¿ü´Ù°í ´À³¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿©±â¿¡´Â ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ´Ü´ÜÇÑ ±æ¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ù »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸»À» µè´Â´Ù¸é Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í µÎ¹øÂ° »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸»À» µè´Â´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

And so what should I do if I alone have understood Christ's teaching and believed in it- alone among people who do not understand it and do not fulfill it?

±×·±µ¥, ³ª Çϳª¸¸ÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù¸é- ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁöµµ ¾Ê°í ½ÇÇàÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Ȧ·Î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ³ª´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡?

What am I to do? Live like everyone else, or live according to Christ's teaching? I have understood Christ's teaching in his commandments, and I see that their fulfillment offers blessedness to me and to all men. I have understood that the execution of these commandments is the will of that Source of all from which my life also has come.

³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡? ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéó·³ »ì °ÍÀΰ¡, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§´ë·Î »ì °ÍÀΰ¡? ³ª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµé ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÔÀÌ ³ª¿Í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» Áشٴ °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµéÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀÇ ÀÇÁöÀ̸ç, ³ª Àڽŵµ ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù.

I have understood that whatever I may do I shall inevitably perish in a meaningless life and death, with all who surround me, if I do not fulfill the will of the Father, and that in its fulfillment lies the only possibility of salvation.

³»°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ³»°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇϵçÁö ÀÇ¹Ì ¾ø´Â »î°ú Á×À½¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ³ªÀÇ ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ¸ðµç °Íµé°ú ÇÔ²² Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¼Ò¸êÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔ¿¡ ±¸¿øÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù.

Doing as all do I shall certainly counteract the welfare of all, I shall certainly act contrary to the will of the Father of life, I shall certainly deprive myself of the only possibility of bettering my desperate position. Doing what Christ teaches me, I continue what has been done by people who pre¡©ceded me: I co-operate in the welfare of all men now living as well as of those who will come after me; I do what is desired of me by Him who brought me into existence, and I do what alone can save me.

¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇàÇϵí ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Çູ°ú ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇൿÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ³ª´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ »îÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æ°ú ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇàÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ³ª´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ³ªÀÇ Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ °³¼±ÇÒ À¯ÀÏÇÑ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »©¾ÑÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô °¡¸£ÃÄÁØ ´ë·Î ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ³ª¸¦ ¾Õ¼± »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´ø °ÍÀ» °è¼ÓÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ³ª´Â Áö±Ý »ì°í ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ª ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ »ýÁ¸ÇÒ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§ÇØ Çù·ÂÇÑ´Ù; ³ª´Â ³ª¸¦ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç ºÐÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¹Ù¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ª¸¦ ±¸¿øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù.

The circus at Berdichev is on fire: all push and suffocate one another, pressing against the door which opens inwards. A saviour appears and says: 'Stand back from the door, turn back; the more you push the less chance you have of being saved. Turn back, and you will find an exit and will be saved.' Whether many people, or I alone, hear this and believe it- in any case having heard and believed, what can I do but stand back and call on all to listen to the saviour? They may smother, crush, and kill me; but all the same there is no salvation for me except by going the only way that makes an exit possible. And I cannot but go that way. A saviour should really be a saviour- that is to say, should really save. Christ's salvation is really salvation. He came, spoke, and humanity is saved.

¼­Ä¿½º¿¡ ºÒÀÌ ³µ´Ù: ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¿­¸®´Â ¹®À» ¹Ð¸é¼­ ¼­·Î¸¦ ¹Ð°í Áú½Ä½ÃŲ´Ù. ¾î¶² ±¸¿øÀÚ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¼­ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®¹®¿¡¼­ ¹°·¯ ¼­½Ã¿À, µÚ·Î ¹°·¯ ³ª½Ã¿À; ¹Ð¸é ¹Ð¼ö·Ï ±¸Á¶µÉ °¡´É¼ºÀº ÀÛ¾ÆÁý´Ï´Ù. µÚ·Î ¹°·¯ ³ª½Ã¿À, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅµéÀº Ãⱸ¸¦ ã°í ±¸Á¶µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÎÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é ³ª È¥ÀÚ¼­ ÀÌ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µè°í ¹Ï¾ú´ÂÁö- ¾î¶² °æ¿ìµç µè°í¼­ ¹Ï¾ú´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â µÚ·Î ¹°·¯¼­¼­ ±¸¿øÀÚÀÇ ¸»À» µéÀ¸¶ó°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÎ¸¦ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡? ±×µéÀÌ ³ª¸¦ Áú½Ä½Ã۰í, ±ò¾Æ¹¶°³¼­ Á×ÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ Ãⱸ°¡ ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡´Â °Í ¸»°í´Â ³ª¸¦ À§ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ±¸¿øÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±× ±æ·Î °¥ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±¸¿øÀڴ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ±¸¿øÀÚÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Á¤¸»·Î ±¸¿øÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±¸¿øÀº ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ±¸¿øÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¿Í¼­ ¸»Çß´Ù, ±×¸®°í Àηù´Â ±¸¿ø ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

The circus has been burning an hour and one must make haste, and the people may not be in time to escape. But the world has been burning for 1800 years, since the day when Christ said, 'I have come to bring fire upon earth; and how am I straitened till it is kindled'- and that fire will burn till people save themselves. Is not that why men exist, and is not that why the fire burns, in order that people may have the joy of being saved?

¼­Ä¿½º´Â ÇÑ ½Ã°£À̳ª Ÿ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¼­µÑ·¯¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀº Å»ÃâÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾øÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¡®³ª´Â Áö»ó¿¡ ºÒÀ» ´øÁö·¯ ¿Ô´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ Å¸´Â ÇÑ °è¼Ó ºÒÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¡¯°í ¸»ÇÑ µÚ·Î ¼¼»óÀº 1800³â µ¿¾È Ÿ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù- ±×¸®°í ±× ºÒÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀ» ±¸Á¶ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö Å» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿Ö Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡, ±×¸®°í ºÒÀº ¿Ö Ÿ´Â°¡, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±¸Á¶µÇ´Â ±â»ÝÀ» ´©¸®±â À§Çؼ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡?

And having understood this, I understood and believed that Jesus is not only the Messiah, the Christ, but that he is really the Saviour of the world.

±×¸®°í ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÀÚ, ¿¹¼ö´Â ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀÎ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×´Â ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ¼¼»óÀÇ ±¸¿øÀÚÀÓÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ¹Ï°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

I know that there is no other exit either for me or for all those who together with me are tormented in this life. I know that for all, and for me together with them, there is no way of escape except by ful¡©filling those commands of Christ which offer to all humanity the highest welfare of which I can conceive.

³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ ¶Ç´Â ÀÌ·± »î¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Í ÇÔ²² °íÅë¹Þ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² Ãⱸµµ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ª´Â ¾È´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­, ±×¸®°í ±×µé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÖ´Â ³ª¸¦ À§Çؼ­, ³»°¡ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ»óÀÇ ÇູÀ» ¸ðµç Àηù¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¸í·ÉµéÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Å»Ãⱸµµ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù.

I am not frightened about whether I shall have more unpleasantness or whether I shall die sooner. This may be terrible to one who does not see how senseless and ruinous is his separate, personal life, and who thinks he will not die. But I know that my life, aiming at personal, solitary happiness, is the greatest absurdity, and that at the end of this stupid life there is inevitably nothing but a stupid death. Therefore things cannot be at all terrible for me. I shall die like everyone else, like those who do not fulfill the teaching; but both for me and for all, my life and death will have a meaning. My life and death will serve the salvation and life of all, and that is what Christ taught.

³»°¡ ´õÇÑ ºÒÇàÀ» ¸Â°Ô µÉÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´õ »¡¸® Á×À»´ÂÁö ³ª´Â µÎ·Á¿ö ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¶´ÜÀûÀ̸ç, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¾î¸®¼®°í ÆÄ±«ÀûÀÎÁö ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô À̰ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¹«¼­¿î ÀÏÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °³ÀÎÀûÀ̸ç, È¥ÀÚ¸¸ÀÇ ÇູÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ³ªÀÇ »îÀº °¡Àå ¾öû³­ ¸ð¼øÀ̸ç, ÀÌ·± ¾î¸®¼®Àº »îÀÇ ³¡¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾î¸®¼®Àº Á×À½ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª¿¡°Ô À־ ¼¼»óÀº ÀüÇô µÎ·Á¿ï ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéó·³ Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µéó·³; ±×·¯³ª ³ª¸¦ À§Çؼ­, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­, ³ªÀÇ »î°ú Á×À½Àº Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ªÀÇ »î°ú ³ªÀÇ Á×À½Àº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±¸¿ø°ú »î¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¼­¹® ] I. º¹À½ ±³ÈÆÀÇ ¿­¼è ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É ] III. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ý°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý ] IV. ±×¸®½ºµµ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ] VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í ] VII. °ÅÁþ ±³¸® ] [ VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ ] IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§ ] X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù ] XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ ] XII. ½Å¾ÓÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ] Notes ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


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