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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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VII. CHRIST'S TEACHING. 
FALSE DOCTRINE. 
MAN IS A SON OF GOD.

VII. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§. 
°ÅÁþ ±³¸®. 
»ç¶÷Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù.

Why do people not act as Christ told them to, and in the way that would give the greatest bliss attain¡©able by man- such as they have always longed for and still long for? From all sides I hear one and the same reply, differently expressed: 'The teaching of Christ is very good, and it is true that were it fulfilled the kingdom of God would be established on earth; but it is difficult, and therefore impracticable.'

¿Ö »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸í·ÉÇÑ ±×´ë·Î, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý´ë·Î ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡- ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª °¥¸ÁÇØ¿Ô°í ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °¥¸ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ³ª´Â ¸ðµç ¹æ¸é¿¡¼­, ºñ·Ï ´Ù¸£°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÉÁö¶óµµ, ÇϳªÀÌÀÚ ¶È°°Àº ´ë´äÀ» µé¾ú´Ù: ¡®±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¸Å¿ì ÈǸ¢ÇÏ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù¸é Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ Áö»ó¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ¾î·Æ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½ÇÇàÇϱⰡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.¡¯

Christ's teaching of how men should live is divinely true and gives men blessedness; but it is hard for them to obey it. We so often repeat this, and hear it, that the contradiction contained in the words no longer strikes us.

»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½Å¼ºÇÑ Áø¸®ÀÌ¸ç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» ÁØ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀ» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÚÁÖ À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ°í µé¾î¼­, ÀÌ ¸»µé¿¡ ´ã°ÜÀÖ´Â ¸ð¼øÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿Í ´êÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

It is accordant with human nature to seek for what is best, and every teaching for the guidance of man's life is a teaching of what is best. If men are shown what is best for them, how can they say that they desire to do what is best but cannot? Man's rational activity, since mankind existed, has been directed to finding out what is best among the contradictions that fill the individual life and the life of humanity in general.

ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °ÍÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»¼º°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀ» ÀεµÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °¡¸£Ä§Àº ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾úÀ» ¶§, ¾î¶»°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °ÍÀ» ÇàÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶óÁö¸¸ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? Àηù°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ ÀÌ·¡·Î, »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̼ºÀûÀΠȰµ¿Àº °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î°ú ÀηùÀÇ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ä¿ì´Â ¸ð¼øµé ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °ÍÀ» ã±â À§ÇÑ ³ë·Â¿¡ ±â¿ï¿©Á® ¿Ô´Ù.

Men fight for land, for things they desire, and then divide everything up and call it property; they consider that though this is difficult to institute, yet it is better so, and they hold on to property; men fight for wives and abandon children, and then conclude that it is better that each man should have his own family; and though it is very difficult to provide for a family, people retain property and family and much else. And as soon as people con¡©sidered that it was better so, then, however difficult it might be, they did it. What then do we mean when we say, The teaching of Christ is admirable, life according to Christ's teaching is better than the life we live, but we cannot live in the better way be¡©cause it is difficult?

»ç¶÷µéÀº ÅäÁö¸¦ À§Çؼ­, ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ù¶ó´Â ¹°°ÇµéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÅõÀïÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ³ª´©¾î °¡Áö°í´Â Àç»êÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù; ±×µéÀº ºñ·Ï À̰ÍÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇϱⰡ ¾î·ÆÁö¸¸, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ³´´Ù°í ¿©±â°í, Àç»ê¿¡ ¸Å´Þ¸°´Ù; »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Æ³»µéÀ» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ ÅõÀïÇϰí ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ¹ö¸°´Ù, ±× ´ÙÀ½ Á¦°¢±â »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·À» °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸°´Ù; ±×¸®°í °¡Á·À» ºÎ¾çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¾î·Á¿ïÁö¶óµµ, »ç¶÷µéÀº Àç»ê°ú °¡Á·À» ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ³´´Ù°í ¿©±âÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ±×·¯³ª, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾î·Á¿ïÁö¶óµµ, ±×µéÀº ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¡®±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â »îº¸´Ù ´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÏ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ ³ªÀº ¹æ¹ý´ë·Î »ì ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡¯°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇϴ°¡?

If one understands difficult to mean that it is difficult to sacrifice the momentary satisfaction of desire for the sake of a great good, then why do we not say that it is difficult to plough in order to obtain grain for bread or to plant apple-trees in order to get apples? That it is necessary to overcome difficulties to gain a great advantage is known to every being endowed with the rudiments of reason. And yet we say that Christ's teaching is admirable, but is impracticable because it is diffi¡©cult. Difficult because to follow it we must deny ourselves something we had possessed till then. It is as if we had never heard that it is sometimes better to endure and forgo than to suffer nothing and always satisfy our lusts.

¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¡®¾î·Æ´Ù¡¯´Â ¸»À» Ä¿´Ù¶õ À¯ÀÍÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¿å¸ÁÀÇ ¼ø°£ÀûÀÎ ¸¸Á·À» Èñ»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿Ö ¿ì¸®´Â »§À» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ ¶¥À» °¡´Â °ÍÀ̳ª »ç°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ »ç°ú ³ª¹«¸¦ ½É´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡? °¡Àå Å« ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ±Øº¹ÇØ¾ß ÇÔÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº À̼ºÀÇ ±â¹Ì¶óµµ ºÎ¿©¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ¸é ´©±¸³ª ¾È´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ÈǸ¢ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î·Æ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×°ÍÀ» µû¸£±â À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Áö±Ý±îÁö ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇØ ¿Ô´ø ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ½º½º·Î Æ÷±âÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«·± °íÅëµµ °ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Å½¿åµéÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃŰ´Â °Íº¸´Ùµµ, Âü°í Àγ»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¶§·Î´Â ´õ ³´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀüÇô µéÀº ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù.

Man may be an animal, and no one need re¡©proach him for that; but a man cannot argue that he wishes to be merely an animal. As soon as he argues he acknowledges that he is a rational being, and, admitting that, he cannot but admit the dis¡©tinction between reasonable and unreasonable. Reason enforces nothing, it only sheds light.

»ç¶÷Àº µ¿¹°ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«µµ ÀÌ Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×¸¦ ºñ³­ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù, ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ µ¿¹°ÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ À̼ºÀûÀÎ Á¸Àç¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ±×´Â À̼ºÀûÀÎ °Í°ú ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. À̼ºÀº ¾î¶² °Íµµ °­¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ºñÃâ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

In the dark I hurt my hand and my knee seeking the door. A man enters with a light, and I see the door. When I see the door I need no longer knock myself against the wall, and still less is it reasonably possible to assert that though I see the door and consider it better to pass through the door, it is difficult to do so and I therefore wish to continue to knock my knee against the wall.

³ª´Â ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹®À» ã´Ù°¡ ¼Õ°ú ¹«¸­À» ´ÙÄ£ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ºÒÀ» °¡Áö°í µé¾î ¿Â´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¹®À» º»´Ù. ³»°¡ ¹®À» º¸¸é ³ª´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó º®¿¡ ºÎµúÈú Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ºñ·Ï ³»°¡ ¹®À» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹®À» Áö³ª¼­ ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁ´Ù°í ¿©±âÁö¸¸, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ¹«¸­À» °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ º®¿¡ ºÎµúÈ÷±â¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ¿í °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

There is an obvious misunderstanding in this extraordinary argument that the Christian teaching is desirable for and beneficial to the world, but that men are weak, men are bad, and continue to do worse though they wish to do better, and that therefore they cannot do better.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¼¼»óÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷Çϰí À¯ÀÍÇÏÁö¸¸, »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ª¾àÇÏ´Ù, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù, ±×·¡¼­ ºñ·Ï ´õ ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏÁö¸¸ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ´õ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº ´õ ¼±ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ÀÌ·± ±«»óÇÑ ³í¸®¿¡ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

It is evidently not a mere error in argument, but something else. There must be some false percep¡©tion here. Only a false opinion that that is which is not, and that that is not which is, could bring people to such a strange denial of the practicability of that which they admit gives them blessedness. The false perception which has led to this is what is called the dogmatic Christian faith- the very thing that all who profess the Christian faith according to the Church learn from childhood in the various Ortho¡©dox, Catholic, and Protestant Catechisms.

¸í¹éÈ÷ ³í¸®¿¡ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡´Â Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÅÁþµÈ ÀνÄÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÇÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í ½ÇÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÇÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸©µÈ Àνĸ¸ÀÌ, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ÇູÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÇ ½ÇÇà°¡´É¼ºÀ», ±×Åä·Ï ÀÌ»óÇÑ ºÎÁ¤À¸·Î ¸ô°í °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °á·Ð¿¡ À̸£°Ô ÇÑ °ÅÁþµÈ ÀνÄÀº ¼ÒÀ§ ±³¸®ÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾Ó- ±³È¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °í¹éÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤±³È¸, Ä«Å縯, ±×¸®°í °³½Å±³ÀÇ ±³¸® ¹®´ä¼­ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹è¿î ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í- ÀÌ´Ù.

That faith, as defined by believers, is 'the giving substance to things hoped for' (this is said by Paul, and repeated in all the theological works and catechisms as the best definition of faith). And it is this acknowledgement of the unreal as real that has led people to the strange assertion that though Christ's teaching is good for men, it does not suit men.

±×·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀº, ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¡®¹Ù¶ó´Â °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Çü¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °Í¡¯(À̰ÍÀº ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ¿´°í, ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Á¤ÀǷμ­, ¸ðµç ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ ¼­Àûµé°ú ±³¸® ¹®´ä¼­¿¡¼­ µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù)ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± ºñ½ÇÀçÀûÀÎ °ÍµéÀ» ½ÇÀçÀûÀÎ °Íµé·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÔÀÌ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÌ»óÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀ¸·Î ¸ô°í °£ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¡®ºñ·Ï ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.¡¯

The teaching of this faith, in its exact expression, is as follows: A personal God, ever existing, One in Three Persons, suddenly decided to create a world of spirits. The good God created this world of spirits for their good; but it happened that one of the spirits became bad of himself and therefore un¡©happy. Much time passed and God created another world, a material world, and in it man, also for man's own benefit. God created man blessed, im¡©mortal, and sinless. The blessedness of man con¡©sisted in his enjoying the good of life without labor; his immortality consisted in that he should always so live; his sinlessness consisted in his not knowing evil.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ±× Á¤È®ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î¼­, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù: ¿µ¿øÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ ÇÑ ºÐÀÌ´ø ÀΰÝÀ» Áö´Ñ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, °©Àڱ⠿µÈ¥ÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¸¸µé±â·Î ¸¶À½¸Ô¾ú´Ù. ¼±ÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÌ·± ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ±×µé¿¡°Ô À¯ÀÍÇϵµ·Ï âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿µÈ¥ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ ½º½º·Î ¾ÇÇØÁ®¼­ ºñÂüÇØÁ³´Ù. ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Èê·¯°¬À¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¼¼°è, Áï, ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ ¼¼°è¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±× ¾È¿¡ »ç¶÷À» âÁ¶ÇÏ°í »ç¶÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ­ âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀº »ç¶÷À» ÇູÇϰí, ºÒ¸êÀ̸ç, Á˰¡ ¾øÀÌ Ã¢Á¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇູÀº ³ëµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÇູÀ» Áñ±è¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù; »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºÒ¸ê¼ºÀº ±×°¡ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×·¸°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡À̸ç; ±×ÀÇ Á˾øÀ½Àº ±×°¡ ¾ÇÀ» ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

This man was tempted in paradise by that spirit of the first creation who had become bad, and from that time man fell and bore similar fallen children; and from that time people began to work, bear sickness, suffer, die, and struggle physically and spiritually; that is to say, this imaginary man be¡©came real, such as we know him and such alone as we have any right or reason to imagine him to be. Man's condition, laboring, suffering, choosing good and avoiding evil, and dying- that condition which exists and other than which we cannot imagine- according to the teaching of this faith is not man's real position, but an unnatural, acci¡©dental, and temporary position.

ÀÌ »ç¶÷Àº ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î¹ö¸° óÀ½ âÁ¶µÈ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ³«¿ø¿¡¼­ À¯È¤À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷Àº Ÿ¶ôÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¶È°°ÀÌ Å¸¶ôÇÑ ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ëµ¿Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ÆÇÄÀ» Âü¾Æ¾ß ÇßÀ¸¸ç, °íÅë ´çÇϸç, Á×°í, ±×¸®°í À°Ã¼Àû ¹× Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î ½Î¿ì°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù; ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ÀÌ·± »ó»ó ¼ÓÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Çö½ÇÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×·¸°Ô ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ó»óÇÒ ±Ç¸®³ª À̼ºÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×·¸°Ô ¸¸À¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ »óÅÂ, Áï, ³ëµ¿, °íÅë, ¼±À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ¾ÇÀ» ¸Ö¸®Çϸç, ±×¸®°í Á×¾î °¡´Â »óÅÂ- Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ±× ¿ÜÀÇ °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±×·± »óÅÂ- ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÂüµÈ »óŰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·´°í, ¿ì¹ßÀûÀ̸ç, ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ »óŶó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Although this condition continued for everybody, as this teaching tells us, from the banishment of Adam from paradise- that is to say, from the commencement of the world- till the birth of Christ, and continues in just the same way for everybody since then, yet believers have to suppose this to be only an accidental, temporary condition. According to this teaching, the Son of God, being himself God, the Second Person of the Trinity, was sent by God to earth in human form to save men from that condition which was for them accidental and temporary, and to free them from all the curses which that same God had put upon them for Adam's sin, and in order to reinstate them in their former natural condition of blessedness- that is to say, in freedom from disease and in immortality, sinlessness, and idleness. According to this teaching, the Second Person of the Trinity, Christ, by the fact that people executed him, redeemed Adam's sin and terminated man's unnatural condition which had lasted since the beginning of the world. And since then a man who believes in Christ has again become such as he was in paradise- that is to say, im¡©mortal, free from disease, sinless, and idle.

ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â ³»¿ë¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ºñ·Ï ³«¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Æ´ãÀÌ Ãß¹æµÈ µÚºÎÅÍ- ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¼¼»óÀÇ ½ÃÀÛºÎÅÍ- ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Åº»ý±îÁö- ÀÌ »óÅ´ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °è¼ÓµÇ°í, ±× ÈÄ¿¡µµ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¶È°°Àº ½ÄÀ¸·Î °è¼ÓµÇÁö¸¸, ½ÅÀÚµéÀº À̰ÍÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¹ßÀûÀ̸ç ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ »óÅ·Π»ó»óÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº, ½º½º·Î Çϳª´ÔÀ̸ç, »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ Á¦ 2À§·Î¼­, ¿ì¹ßÀûÀ̸ç ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ »óÅ¿¡ ³õÀÎ »óÅ·κÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸¿øÇϰí, ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ÁË·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ¶È°°Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ³»¸° ¸ðµç ÀúÁÖµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀ» ÇØ¹æ½Ã۸ç, ±×µéÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÇູÇÏ´ø ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ »óÅÂ- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Áúº´À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇØ¹æ, ºÒ¸ê°ú ¹«ÁË, ±×¸®°í ³ªÅÂÇÔÀÇ »óÅÂ- ·Î º¹±Í½Ã۱â À§Çؼ­ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÇÏ°í¼­ Áö»óÀ¸·Î º¸³»Á³´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é, »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ Á¦ 2À§ÀÎ, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸¦ óÇüÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â »ç½Ç·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­, ¾Æ´ãÀÇ Á˸¦ ±¸¼ÓÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¼¼»óÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ Áö¼ÓµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ø »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î »óÅ¿¡ Á¾ÁöºÎ¸¦ Âï¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù½Ã ±×°¡ ³«¿ø¿¡ ÀÖ´ø »óÅ·ΠµÇ¾ú´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ºÒ¸êÀ̸ç, Áúº´À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í, Á˰¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

On that part of the accomplishment of the redemption in consequence of which, since Christ, the earth has everywhere brought forth its fruits without labor, by which sickness has ceased, and children have been born without pain to their mothers- the teaching does not much insist, for, however much they may believe, it is difficult to instill into people who find it hard to toil and painful to suffer a per¡©ception that it is not hard to work nor painful to suffer. But that part of the teaching according to which death and sin are annulled is most strongly insisted on.

±×·¯³ª ±¸¼ÓÀÇ ¿Ï¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­´Â, ±× °á°ú·Î¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Áö±¸´Â ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­µçÁö ³ëµ¿ ¾øÀÌ °á½ÇµéÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô°í, ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ Áúº´ÀÌ ±×ÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ±âµéÀº ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ °íÅë ¾øÀÌ ÅÂ¾î ³µ´Ù- ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº À̰ÍÀ» ¿Ï°­È÷ °íÁýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ±×°ÍÀ» ±íÀÌ ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Èûµé°í °íÅë¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ°Ô ´À²¸Áö´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô, ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê°í °íÅë¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ÀνÄÀ» ½É¾îÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á×À½°ú Á˰¡ ÆóÁöµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ´ë»õ¼­´Â °¡Àå °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÁÖÀåµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

It is stated that the dead continue to live. And as the dead are quite unable to affirm that they have died or that they are alive (just as a stone cannot affirm that it can or cannot speak) the absence of a denial is accepted as a proof; and it is asserted that those who have died have not died. With yet greater solemnity and confidence is it asserted that since Christ came, man by faith in him is freed from sin- that is to say, that since Christ's time a man need no longer shed the light of reason on his path through life and choose what is best; he need only believe that Christ has redeemed him from sin and then he is always sinless- that is to say, completely good. According to this teaching people should imagine that reason in them is powerless, and that therefore they are sinless- that is to say, cannot make a mistake.

Á×Àº ÀÚ°¡ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Á×Àº ÀÚ´Â ±×µéÀÌ Á×¾ú´ÂÁö »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´ÂÁö(µ¹ÀÌ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³) ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüÇô ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϹǷÎ, ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ °á¿©°¡ Áõ°Å·Î¼­ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áø´Ù; ±×¸®°í Á×Àº ÀÚµéÀº Á×Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ´ÜÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´õ Å« ¾ö¼÷ÇÔ°ú È®½Å°ú ÇÔ²², ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿Â ÈÄ·Î, ±×¸¦ ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÁË¿¡¼­ ÇØ¹æµÈ´Ù°í- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ½Ã´ë ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ »ç¶÷Àº Àü »ý¾Ö¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±æ¿¡ À̼ºÀÇ ºûÀ» ºñÃ߰ųª ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù°í ´ÜÁ¤µÈ´Ù; ±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á˾ÇÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸¿øÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á˰¡ ¾ø´Ù°í- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼±ÇÏ´Ù°í- ¹Ï±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½Åµé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À̼ºÀº ÈûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀڽŵéÀº Á˰¡ ¾ø´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Á˸¦ ÁöÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù- °í »ó»óÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

A true believer should imagine that since the time of Christ the earth yields her produce without labor, children are born painlessly, there are no diseases, no death, and no sins- that is to say, no mistakes- in other words, that that which is, is not, and that which is not, is.

Áø½ÇÇÑ ½ÅÀÚ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ½Ã´ë ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ ÅäÁö°¡ ³ëµ¿ ¾øÀ̵µ »ê¹°À» ³»°í, °íÅë ¾øÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Å¾¸ç, Áúº´µµ ¾ø°í Á×À½µµ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ¹«·± Á˾ǵµ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¾Æ¹«·± ¿À·ù°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í- ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»Çϸé, Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °Í- À¸·Î »ó»óÇÏ¿©¾ß µÈ´Ù.

That is what is said by strictly logical theological theory.

À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ½ÅÇÐ ÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

That teaching taken by itself seems harmless. But divergence from the truth never is harmless, but produces consequences that are the more important, the more important is the subject misrepresented. In this case the subject of the falsehood is the whole life of humanity.

±× °¡¸£Ä§Àº ±× ÀÚü·Î¼­ ÇØ·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª Áø¸®¿¡¼­ ÀÌÅ»ÇÔÀº °áÄÚ ÇØ·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´õ¿í Áß´ëÇÑ °á°úµéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»¸ç, À߸ø ÀÌÇØµÇ´Â ÁÖÁ¦´Â ´õ¿í Áß´ëÇØ Áø´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡ °ÅÁþµÈ ÁÖÁ¦´Â ÀηùÀÇ Àüü »îÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

What in this teaching is called true life is personal, blissful, sinless, and eternal- that is to say, life such as no one has ever known and such as does not exist. Life as it exists, the only life we know, the life we live and that all humanity has lived and still lives, ac¡©cording to this teaching is a fallen, bad life, merely a simulacrum of the good life proper to us.

ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§ ¾È¿¡¼­ ÂüµÈ »îÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀº °³ÀÎÀûÀ̸ç, Çູ½º·´°í, ÁË¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­, ¿µ¿øÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇϸç, Á¸ÀçÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â ±×·± »îÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ »î, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ »î, ±× »îÀº ¸ðµç Àηù°¡ »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ÇöÀçµµ »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, Ÿ¶ôÇÏ°í ¾ÇÇÑ »îÀ̸ç, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀûÇÕÇÑ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »îÀÇ È¯¿µÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

The struggle between the inclination towards an animal life and a rational life, which lies in the soul of each man and forms the essence of each life, is completely set aside by this teaching. That struggle is relegated to an event which happened to Adam in paradise at the time of the creation. And the question whether I should eat or should not eat those apples which tempt me does not exist for us according to this teaching. The question was de¡©cided once and for all by Adam in paradise in a negative sense. Adam sinned for me- that is to say, he made a mistake, and all men, all of us, fell irreparably, and all our attempts to live rationally are useless and even irreligious. I am incorrigibly bad, and ought to know it. And my salvation does not depend on the fact that I can enlighten my life by reason and, recognizing good and evil, can choose the better path. No; Adam has once and for all done for me what was bad, and Christ has once and for all corrected that evil done by Adam, and therefore I, as a spectator, should grieve for the fall of Adam and rejoice in the redemption by Christ.

µ¿¹°ÀûÀÎ »î°ú À̼ºÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ÇâÇÑ ¼ºÇâ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÅõÀïÀº, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¢ÀÚÀÇ »îÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓ¿¡µµ, ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­´Â, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ÅõÀïÀº âÁ¶ÀÇ ½Ã±â¿¡ ³«¿ø¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¾Æ´ã¿¡°Ô ÀϾ »ç°ÇÀ¸·Î ¿Å¾Æ °£´Ù. ³ª¸¦ À¯È¤ÇÏ´Â ±× »ç°úµéÀ» ¸Ô¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö ¸ÔÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â, ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±× ¹®Á¦´Â ¾Æ´ã¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÇÑ ¹øÀÌÀÚ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ¾Æ´ã¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷Π°áÁ¤µÇ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. ¾Æ´ãÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§Çؼ­ Á˸¦ ÁöÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×°¡ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹üÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé, ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎµéÀº, ȸº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ Å¸¶ôÇØ ¹ö·ÈÀ¸¸ç, À̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î »ì·Á´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ½ÃµµµéÀº ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁ³À¸¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î ºÒ°æ½º·´±â±îÁö ÇÏ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±¸Á¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î »ç¾ÇÇØÁ³À¸¸ç, ±× »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ ±¸¿øÀº ³»°¡ ³ªÀÇ »îÀ» À̼ºÀ¸·Î¼­ °è¸ùÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¼±°ú ¾ÇÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ½À¸·Î½á, ´õ ³ªÀº ±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ¾Æ´ãÀÌ ÇÑ ¹øÀÌÀÚ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ¾ÇÇÑ ÁþÀ» ÇàÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÇÑ ¹øÀÌÀÚ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¾Æ´ã¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀúÁú·¯Áø ¾ÇÀ» ½ÃÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ³ª´Â, ¹æ°üÀڷμ­, ¾Æ´ãÀÇ Å¸¶ôÀ» ½½ÆÛÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±¸¿ø¿¡ Áñ°Å¿öÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

All the love of goodness and truth which lies in the soul of man, all his efforts by reason to shed light on life's phenomena, all man's spiritual life, is not merely unimportant according to this teaching, but is a snare or an arrogance.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ¼±°ú Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶û, »îÀÇ Çö»óµé¿¡ À̼ºÀÇ ºûÀ» ºñÃß·Á´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·Âµé, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÀûÀÎ »îÀº ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é »ç¼ÒÇÑ °ÍÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, À¯È¤À̳ª °Å¸¸ÇÔ¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

Life such as we have on earth, with all its joys and beauties, with all its struggles of reason against darkness- the life of all who have lived before me, and my whole life with its inner strivings and vic¡©tories of reason, is not a true life, but a fallen, hope¡©lessly perverted one; while the true sinless life is in faith- that is in imagination, that is to say, in insanity.

¿ì¸®°¡ Áö»ó¿¡¼­ °¡Áö´Â »î, ±× ¸ðµç ±â»Ý°ú ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òµé, ¾îµÒ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̼ºÀÇ ±× ¸ðµç ÅõÀïµé- ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ »ì¾Æ¿Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »î, ±×¸®°í ³»ÀûÀÎ °¥µî°ú À̼ºÀÇ ½Â¸®¿Í ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ³ªÀÇ Àüü »î- Àº ÂüµÈ »îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, Ÿ¶ôÇϰí Èñ¸ÁÀ̶ó°í´Â ¾ø´Â ¿Ö°îµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ÇÑÆí, Á˰¡ ¾ø´Â ÂüµÈ »îÀº ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù- ±×°ÍÀº »ó»ó ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù, ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Á¤½ÅÂø¶õ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Let a man, setting aside the habit he has re¡©tained from childhood of accepting all this, try to look simply and straight at this teaching; let him transform himself mentally into a new man, educated outside the range of this teaching, and let him imagine what it would appear like. Surely it is utter insanity.

¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿´´ø ½À°üµéÀ» ´øÁ®¹ö¸®°í, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¼ÖÁ÷Çϰí Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ù¶ó º¸µµ·Ï Ç϶ó, ÀÌ·± °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ ±³À°À¸·Î, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î º¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² ±³¸®ÀÎÁö »ó»óÇØ º¸µµ·Ï Ç϶ó. ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ±×°ÍÀº ¾óÅä´çÅ侯´ÏÇÑ Á¤½Å ÀÌ»óÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Ù.

And, strange and terrible as it was to think it, I could not but admit that it is so, for this alone ex¡©plained to me the amazing, contradictory, senseless objection which I hear from all sides as to the practicability of Christ's teaching: It is good and would bring happiness to men, but men cannot fulfill it.

±×¸®°í, ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ»óÇÏ°í ¹«¼­¿î ÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸, ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸ÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÇà°¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ µé¾î¿Â ³î¶ø°í, Ȳ´çÇϸç, Àǹ̾ø´Â ³íÀïµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

Only the representation as existent of that which does not exist, and as non-existent of that which does exist, could lead to this astonishing contradic¡©tion. And such a false representation I found in the pseudo-Christian faith which has been preached for 1500 years.

¿ÀÁ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÁÖÀåÇÔ¸¸ÀÌ, ÀÌ·± ³î¶ó¿î ¸ð¼ø¿¡ À̸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·± °ÅÁþµÈ ÁÖÀåÀ» ³ª´Â 1500³â µ¿¾È ¼³±³ µÇ¾î¿Â °ÅÁþ ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.

But the objection to Christ's teaching (that it is good but impracticable) is made not only by believers but also by unbelievers, by people who do not believe, or think they do not believe, in the dogma of the fall and redemption. The objection to Christ's teaching on the score of its impractica¡©bility is made also by scientists, philosophers, and in general by people who are educated and consider themselves quite free from any superstition and who do not believe, or think they do not believe, in anything; and who therefore consider themselves free from the superstitions of the fall and the re¡©demption. And so at first it seemed to me. I too thought that these learned people had other grounds for their denial of the practicability of Christ's teaching. But on penetrating deeper into the reason of their denial I became convinced that the non-believers have the same false perception that our life is not what it is, but is what they imagine it to be; and that this conception rests on the same basis as the believers' conception. Those who consider themselves unbelievers do not, it is true, believe in God, nor in Christ, nor in Adam; but in the funda¡©mental, false conception of man's right to a blissful life, on which everything rests, they believe as firmly or even more firmly than the theologians.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§(Áï, ÁÁÀº °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ½Ç»ýȰ¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ë´Â ½ÅÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­¸¸ Á¦±âµÇ¾úÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µé, Ÿ¶ô°ú ±¸¿øÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª, ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­µµ Á¦±âµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¶ÇÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚµé, öÇÐÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±³À°¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ÀڽŵéÀ» ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅ͵µ ¸Å¿ì ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â »ç¶÷µé, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé; ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀڽŵéÀÌ Å¸¶ô°ú ±¸¿øÀ̶ó´Â ¹Ì½Åµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­µµ Á¦±âµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ªµµ óÀ½¿¡´Â ±×·¸°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ³ª ¿ª½Ã À̵é ÇнÄÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇà°¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±Ù°ÅµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ±íÀÌ ÆÄ°íµé¾î °¡º¸°í ³ª¼­, ³ª´Â ºÒ½ÅÀڵ鵵 ½ÇÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µéÀÌ »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ̶ó´Â ¶È°°ÀÌ °ÅÁþµÈ ÀνÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»; ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± °ü³äÀº ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °ü³ä°ú ¶È °°Àº ±âÃÊ À§¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀڽŵéÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚµéÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, »ç½Ç»ó, Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµµµ, ¾Æ´ãµµ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇູÇÑ »îÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ̸ç, °ÅÁþµÈ °ü³äÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç, ±× À§¿¡ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» ¿Ã·Á ³õ°í¼­, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé ¸øÁö¾Ê°Ô ¾Æ´Ï ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ±»°Ô ¹Ï´Â´Ù.

However much privileged science and philosophy may boast themselves, asserting that they are the guides and directors of man's mind- they are not the directors but the servants. A ready-made out¡©look on life is always supplied to science by religion, and science only works along the paths indicated to it by religion. Religion shows man the meaning of life, and science and philosophy apply this meaning to various sides of life. And therefore if religion gives a false meaning to life, science, educated to that religious outlook, will apply that false per¡©ception to the various phases of human life. And that is what has happened with our European-Christian science and philosophy.

Ư±ÇÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ °úÇаú öÇÐÀÌ, ÀڽŵéÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ »ç»óÀÇ ¼±µµÀÚ¸ç ÁÖ°üÀÚ¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇϸ鼭, ¾Æ¹«¸® ÀڽŵéÀ» »Ë³»´õ¶óµµ- ±×µéÀº ÁÖ°üÀÚµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇÏÀεéÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±â¼º »çȸÀÇ Àλý°üÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¾±³¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °úÇп¡ °ø±ÞµÇ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í °úÇÐÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¾±³°¡ Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â ±æÀ» µû¶ó¼­ Ȱµ¿ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. Á¾±³´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô »îÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù, ±×¸®°í °úÇаú öÇÐÀº ÀÌ·± Àǹ̸¦ »îÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ãø¸é¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ Á¾±³°¡ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸©µÈ Àǹ̸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù¸é, °úÇÐÀº, Á¾±³ÀÇ Àü¸Á¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ±³À°µÇ¾î¼­, ±×·¯ÇÑ ±×¸©µÈ ÀνÄÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¹æ¸é¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³Àû °úÇаú öÇп¡ ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Church teaching has presented the fundamental meaning of human life as being this, that man has a right to a blissful life and that this bliss is not obtainable by man's exertion but by something outside himself; and this idea underlies all our science and philosophy.

±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù, Áï, »ç¶÷Àº ÇູÇÑ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ÇູÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³ë·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾ò¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± »ç»óÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç °úÇаú öÇп¡ ±ò·ÁÀÖ´Ù.

Religion, science, and public opinion, all with one voice declare that the life we lead is bad, but that the teaching which shows how we ourselves can become better and thereby make life better, is impracticable.

Á¾±³, °úÇÐ, ±×¸®°í ¿©·ÐÀº, ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇÑ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿µÀ§ÇÏ´Â »îÀº ³ª»Ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸® ½º½º·Î°¡ ´õ ÁÁ¾Æ Áú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© »îÀ» ´õ ÁÁ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù.

The teaching of Christ, aiming at improving human life by man's own reasonable efforts, is im¡©practicable, says religion, because Adam fell and the world is in an evil state.

Á¾±³´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, »ç¶÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̼ºÀûÀÎ ³ë·Âµé·Î¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀ» °³¼±ÇÔÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾Æ´ãÀÌ Å¸¶ôÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¼¼»óÀº ¾ÇÇÑ »óÅ¿¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

That teaching is impracticable because man's life is regulated by certain laws which are indepen¡©dent of man's will, says our philosophy. Philosophy and all science only repeat in other words just what religion announces by the dogma of original sin and redemption.

¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±× °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿Í °ü°è ¾ø´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Áö¹èµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. öÇаú ¸ðµç °úÇÐÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Á¾±³°¡ ¿øÁË¿Í ¼ÓÁËÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼±¾ðÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¸»µé·Î ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

In the doctrine of redemption there are two fundamental propositions on which everything de¡©pends: (1) Real human life is a blissful life, but life in the world here is a bad life, irreparable by any effort of man; and (2) Redemption from this life lies in faith.

¼ÓÁËÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Â µÎ °¡Áö ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¸íÁ¦µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: (1) »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÂüµÈ »îÀº ÇູÀ» ÁÖ´Â »îÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª À̰÷ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ »îÀº ¾ÇÇÑ »îÀ̸ç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾î¶² ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Îµµ ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ±×¸®°í (2) ÀÌ·± »îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ±¸¿øÀº ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

These two propositions have come to underlie the outlook on life both of believers and of unbelievers in our pseudo-Christian society. From the second proposition arose the Church with her institutions. From the first come our public opinion and our philosophic and political theories.

¿ì¸®ÀÇ À§¼±ÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ »çȸ¿¡´Â ÀÌ·± µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ ¸íÁ¦µéÀÌ ½ÅÀÚµé°ú ºÒ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ Àλý°ü¿¡ ±ò·ÁÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ ¸íÁ¦·ÎºÎÅÍ ±³È¸°¡ ±× Á¶Á÷µé°ú ÇÔ²² »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. ù¹øÂ° ¸íÁ¦·ÎºÎÅÍ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿©·Ð°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû ¹× Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ À̷еéÀÌ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.

All the philosophic and political theories that justify the existing order, Hegelianism and its children, are founded on that basis. Pessimism, demanding of life what life cannot give and there¡©fore repudiating life, also arose from it. Materialism, with its wonderful and enthusiastic assertion that man is a process and nothing else, is the lawful child of this doctrine which acknowledges life here to be a fallen life. Spiritualism, with its scientific followers, is the best proof that the scientific and philosophic outlook is not free, but based on the religious doctrine that a blissful eternal life is natural to man.

±âÁ¸ Áú¼­¸¦ Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç öÇÐÀû Á¤Ä¡Àû À̷еé, Çì°ÖÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀº, ÀÌ·± ¸íÁ¦¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ¼¼¿öÁ³´Ù. »îÀÌ ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Ù°¡ »îÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÏ°Ô µÈ ¿°¼¼ÁÖÀǵµ, ¿ª½Ã ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀϾ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº °úÁ¤ÀÌ¸ç ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â ³î¶ø°í ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ ÁÖÀåÀ» Æì´Â ¹°ÁúÁÖÀÇ´Â, À̰÷ÀÇ »îÀÌ Å¸¶ôÇÑ »îÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â ÀÌ·± ±³¸®ÀÇ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ÈļյéÀÌ´Ù. Çй®ÀûÀÎ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀ» °Å´À¸®´Â À¯½É·Ðµµ, °úÇÐÀû ¹× öÇÐÀû °ßÇØ´Â ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇϸç, ÇູÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °íÀ¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ±³¸®¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Áõ°ÅÀÌ´Ù.

This perversion of the meaning of life has per¡©verted the whole rational activity of man. The dogma of man's fall and redemption has hidden from men the most important and legitimate realm of human activity and has shut out of the realm of human knowledge the knowledge of what man should do that he may become happier and better. Science and philosophy, imagining that they are counter¡©acting pseudo-Christianity and priding themselves thereon, are only serving it. Science and philosophy deal with anything you please, save only with the question how man can himself become better and lead a better life. What is called ethics- moral teaching- has quite disappeared from our pseudo-Christian society.

»îÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¿Ö°îÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ðµç À̼ºÀû Ȱµ¿À» ºø³ª°¡°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ Å¸¶ô°ú ±¸¿ø¿¡ °üÇÑ ±³¸®´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀηùÀÇ È°µ¿ÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇϰí ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¿µ¿ªÀ» ¼û°Ü ³õ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ÀηùÀÇ Áö½ÄÀÇ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´õ¿í Çàº¹ÇØÁö°í °³¼±µÇ±â À§Çؼ­ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» Â÷´Ü½ÃÄ×´Ù. °úÇаú öÇÐÀº, ÀڽŵéÀÌ »çÀ̺ñ ±âµ¶±³¿¡ ´ëÀûÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í »ó»óÇϸ鼭 ±× Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ÀÚ¶û½º·¯¿ö Çϰí ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀ» ¼¶±â°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. °úÇаú öÇÐÀº ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» ´Ù·çÁö¸¸, ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½º½º·Î °³¼±µÇ°í ´õ ³ªÀº »îÀ» ¿µÀ§ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù. ¼ÒÀ§ À±¸®ÇÐ- µµ´öÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§- À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À§¼±ÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â ÇüÆí¾øÀÌ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù.

Neither believers nor unbelievers ask themselves how they should live and how use the reason that has been given us; but they ask: Why is our human life not such as we have imagined it should be, and when will it become what we desire?

½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀÌµç °®Áö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌµç ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß Çϴ°¡ ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø À̼ºÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹¯Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×·¯³ª, ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹¯´Â´Ù: ¿ì¸® Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀº ¿Ö ¿ì¸®°¡ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÑ °Í°ú °°Áö ¾ÊÀº°¡, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áú °ÍÀΰ¡?

Only as a result of that false teaching absorbed into the flesh and blood of our generation, could such an astonishing thing occur as that man- as though he had spat out the apple of knowledge of good and evil, which tradition says he ate in para¡©dise, and had forgotten that the progress of man¡©kind lies only in solving the contradictions between our rational and our animal natures- should set to work to use his reason in discovering the historic laws of his animal nature and of that alone.

¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ¼¼´ë±îÁö »ì°ú ÇÇ¿¡ Èí¼öµÇ¾î ¿Â °ÅÁþµÈ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ °á°ú ¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌÅä·Ï ³î¶ó¿î ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, Áï, »ç¶÷Àº-  ¸¶Ä¡, Àü¼³¿¡´Â ³«¿ø¿¡¼­ ±×°¡ °úÀÏÀ» ¸Ô¾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°¡ ¼±°ú ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÇ °úÀÏÀ» ¹ñ¾î ¹ö·ÈÀ¸¸ç, ÀηùÀÇ Áøº¸´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À̼ºÀû ¹× µ¿¹°ÀûÀÎ º»¼ºµé »çÀÌÀÇ °¥µîÀ» ÇØ°áÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Àؾî¹ö¸° °Íó·³- ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¿¹°Àû º»´ÉÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ¹ýÄ¢µé°ú ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°Í¸¸À» ¹ß°ßÇϴµ¥ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̼ºÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÛ¾÷ÇØ¾ß µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Except the philosophic teaching of our pseudo-Christian world, the religions and philosophic teachings of all the nations known to us- Judaism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Brahmanism, and the philosophy of the Greeks- all aim at arranging human life and explaining to people how each one should strive to be better and to lead a better life. All Confucianism consists in personal perfecting of oneself; Judaism, in the personal following of each law of God; Buddhism, in the teaching of how each man can save himself from the evil of life. Socrates taught the personal perfecting of oneself in the name of reason, and the Stoics acknowledged rational freedom as the only basis of a true life.

¿ì¸®ÀÇ »çÀ̺ñÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ ¼¼°èÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû °¡¸£Ä§À» Á¦¿ÜÇϸéÀº, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ³ª¶óµéÀÇ Á¾±³µé°ú öÇÐÀû °¡¸£Ä§µé- À¯´ë±³, À¯±³, ºÒ±³, ¹Ù¶ó¹®±³, ¹× ±×¸®½ºÀεéÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ- Àº ÇѰᰰÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀ» ±ÔÁ¦Çϰí, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¢ÀÚ°¡ ´õ ³ª¾ÆÁö´Â °Í ±×¸®°í ´õ ³ªÀº »îÀ» ¿µÀ§Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÔ¿¡ ¸ñÀûÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °øÀÚÀÇ ¸ðµç °¡¸£Ä§Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¿Ï¼º¿¡ ÀÖ°í; À¯Å±³´Â, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ Áֽа¢°¢ÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇà¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç; ºÒ±³´Â, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ »îÀÇ ¾ÇÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¸¿øÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º´Â À̼ºÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¿Ï¼ºÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ½ºÅ侯 ÇÐÆÄ´Â À̼ºÀûÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÂüµÈ »îÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±âÃʶó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Man's whole rational activity could not but con¡©sist, and has always consisted, in one thing- in illuminating by reason the striving towards what is good. Free-will, says our philosophy, is an illusion; and it prides itself much on the boldness of this assertion. But free-will is not merely an illusion, it is a phrase devoid of meaning. It is a phrase invented by the theologians and criminalists, and to refute that phrase is to tilt at windmills; but reason- that which illumines our life and obliges us to alter our actions- is not an illusion and cannot be denied. To follow wisdom for the attainment of what is good- in that has always consisted the doctrine of the true teachers of humanity and in that lies the whole teaching of Christ, and, being reason, it can in no way be rejected by reason.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ Àüü À̼ºÀû Ȱµ¿Àº ´Ü ÇÑ °¡Áö- À̼ºÀ¸·Î¼­ ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÇâÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ¹àÇô ÁÖ´Â °Í- ¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÖ¾î¿Ô´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö´Â ȯ»óÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀåÀÇ ´ë´ãÇÔ¿¡ ¸¹Àº ÀںνÉÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ȯ»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Àǹ̰¡ °á¿©µÈ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀ̳ª ¹üÁËÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ °í¾ÈµÈ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ¸»À» ¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº dzÂ÷¿Í ½Î¿ì´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù; ±×·¯³ª À̼ºÀº- ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ¹àÇôÁÖ°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¹Ù²Ùµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­- ȯ»óµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç ºÎÁ¤µÉ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ȹµæÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÁöÇý¸¦ µû¸£´Â °Í- ¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¿¡ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀηùÀÇ ÂüµÈ ±³»çµéÀÇ ±³¸®°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ³õ¿© ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í À̼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °áÄÚ À̼ºÀÌ À̼º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ºÎÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

The teaching of Christ is the teaching of the son of man that is present in us all- that is to say, it is the teaching of the striving common to all men for what is good, and of the reason, shared by all, which illuminates that striving. (To prove that 'the son of man' means 'son of man' is quite superfluous. To understand by 'son of man' something else instead of what the words mean, one would have to show that Christ to indicate what he meant to say, intentionally used words which have quite another meaning. But even if, as the Church wishes to make out, 'son of man' means son of God, even then 'son of man' also essentially means man, for Christ calls all men the sons of God.)

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎÀÇ ¾È¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù-  ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×°ÍÀº, ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °øÅëµÈ ³ë·Â°ú ±×·¯ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ¹àÇôÁÖ¸ç ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °øÀ¯µÇ´Â, À̼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù. (¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¡¯ÀÌ ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¡¯À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¡¯À» ÀÌ ¸»ÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °Í ´ë½Å¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§Çؼ­, ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ¶æÀ» Áö´Ñ ¸»µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±³È¸°¡ ÁÖÀåÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, ºñ·Ï ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¡¯ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ½ÉÁö¾î ±×·¸´õ¶óµµ ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¡¯Àº ¿ª½Ã ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.)

Christ's teaching of the son of man-  son of God-   which forms the basis of all the Gospels, is expressed most clearly in his talk with Nicodemus. Each man, says he, besides consciousness of his personal life in the flesh, which proceeds from a male parent in the womb of his physical mother, cannot but be con¡©scious of his birth from above (John iii. 5, 6, 7). That which man is conscious of in himself as free is that which is born of the eternal-  that which we call God (vv. 11, 14). That which is born of God (the son of God in man) we should exalt in our¡©selves in order to attain true life (vv. 14, 17). The son of man is the son of God 'of a like nature' (not 'only begotten'). He who exalts in himself that son of God above all else, he who believes that life dwells only in that, will not be in discord with life. Discord with life results only because people do not believe in the light within themselves (vv. 18-21) (that light of which it is said in John's Gospel that in it is life, and the life was the light of man).

»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé- Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé- ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¸ðµç º¹À½¼­ÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ´Ï°íµ¥¸ð¿ÍÀÇ ´ëÈ­¿¡¼­ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº, ³²¼ºÀÇ ºÎ¸ð·ÎºÎÅÍ À°Ã¼ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ Àڱà ¾È¿¡¼­ ž´Â, À°½ÅÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ÀǽÄÇÔ ¿Ü¿¡µµ, À§·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Å¾À»(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 3Àå 5,6,7Àý) ÀǽÄÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù°í ÀǽÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ºÐ- ¿ì¸®°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ºÐ- À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Å¾´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù(11, 14Àý).¿ì¸®´Â ½º½º·Î ÂüµÈ »îÀ» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ Çϳª´Ô(»ç¶÷ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª´Â °Í ³ô¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù(14, 17Àý). »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº ¡®°°Àº º»¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ¡¯ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â ÀÚ, »îÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±× ¾È¿¡¸¸ ¸Ó¹«¸¥ ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â ÀÚ´Â, »î°ú ºÒÀÏÄ¡°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »îÀÇ ¿Ö°îÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºûÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù(18-21Àý) (ºû ¼Ó¿¡ »îÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× »îÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºûÀ̾ú´Ù°í ¿äÇѺ¹À½¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ºû).

Christ taught us to exalt the son of man, who is the son of God and the light of men, above all else. He says: When you exalt [honor, raise up] the son of man, you will know that I speak nothing of myself (John xii. 32, 44, 49). The Jews did not understand his teaching, and asked: 'Who is this son of man, that must be lifted up?' (John xii. 34). And to this question he replies (v. 35): 'Yet a little while is the light in you. Walk while ye have the light, that darkness overtake you not; he that walketh in the darkness knoweth not whither he goeth.' To the question, what is meant by 'lift up the son of man', Christ replies: Live in the light that is in man.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³ôÀÌ ¿Ã·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ºûÀ̶ó°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. ±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ³ÊÈñ°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³ôÀÏ[Á¸°æÇϰí, ¹Þµé¾î ¿Ã¸±] ¶§, ³ÊÈñ´Â ³»°¡ ³ª Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ¾Ë °ÍÀÌ´Ù(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 12Àå 32,44,49Àý). À¯ÅÂÀεéÀº ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿© ¹°¾ú´Ù: ¡®ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ´©±¸Àε¥, ±×°¡ ³ô¿©Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ü ¸»Àΰ¡?¡¯(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 12Àå 34Àý). ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± Áú¹®¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù(35Àý): ¡®¾ÆÁ÷ Àá½Ã µ¿¾È ºûÀÌ ³ÊÈñ Áß¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ºûÀÌ ÀÖÀ» µ¿¾È¿¡ ´Ù³à ¾îµÎ¿ò¿¡ ºÙÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê°Ô Ç϶ó ¾îµÎ¿ò¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â ÀÚ´Â ±× °¡´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ³ô¿©Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡¯°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â Áö¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×°¡ ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù: ¡®»ç¶÷ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºû ¾È¿¡¼­ »ì¶ó.¡¯

The son of man, according to Christ's reply, is that light in which men ought to walk while they have light within them.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ´ë´ä¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½Åµé ¾È¿¡ ºûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã °É¾î °¡¾ß ÇÒ ºûÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

Luke xi. 35: 'Look therefore whether the light that is in thee be not darkness.'

´©°¡º¹À½ 11Àå 35Àý¿¡´Â: ¡®±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³× ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºûÀÌ ¾îµÓÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇѰ¡ º¸¶ó.¡¯°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Matt. vi. 23: 'If the light that is in thee be dark¡©ness, how great is the darkness!¡¯ says he, teaching the multitude.

¸¶Åº¹À½ 6Àå 23Àý¿¡¼­´Â, : ¡®±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³×°Ô ÀÖ´Â ºûÀÌ ¾îµÎ¿ì¸é ±× ¾îµÎ¿òÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÇϰڴÀ´¢!¡¯¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

Before and after Christ men have said the same thing: that a divine light which has descended from heaven dwells in man, and that that light is reason, and that one must serve it only and by its aid seek for what is good. This was said by the teachers among the Brahmins and by the Hebrew prophets, and by Confucius, and Socrates, and Marcus Aurelius, and Epictetus, and by all the true sages-  not the compilers of philosophic theories but those who sought truth for their own welfare and for that of all men.

±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ »ì±â Àü¿¡µµ ¶Ç ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»Çß´Ù: Çϴÿ¡¼­ ³»·Á¿Â ½ÅÀûÀÌ ºûÀÌ »ç¶÷ ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ºûÀº À̼ºÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ±×°ÍÀÇ µµ¿òÀ¸·Î½á ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¹Ù¶ó¹®±³ÀÇ ±³»çµéÀÌ, È÷ºê¸®ÀÇ ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÌ, ±×¸®°í °øÀÚ, ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º, ¸¶¸£Äí½º ¾Æ¿ì·¼¸®¿ì½º, ¿¡ÇÈÅ×Åõ½º, ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ÂüµÈ- öÇÐ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÆíÁýÀÚµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÚ±â ÀڽŰú ÀηùÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ­ Áø¸®¸¦ ã¾Ò´ø- ÇöÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

But suddenly, according to the dogma of redemption, we admit that it is quite unnecessary to speak or think about this light within us. We must think, say the believers, about the nature of each separate person of the Trinity; what sacraments must or must not be performed; because the salva¡©tion of man comes not from our efforts, but from the Trinity and the correct observance of the sacraments. We must think, say the non-believers, of the laws which regulate the movements of in¡©finitely small atoms of matter in infinite space and infinite time; but of what man's reason demands for his good there is no need to think, because the betterment of man's condition does not depend on him, but on general laws which we discover.

±×·¯³ª °©ÀÚ±â, ±¸¿øÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ºû¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¸»Çϰųª »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüÇô ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áø ÀÚµéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀΰÝÀÇ ¼º°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ¼º·Ê°¡ ÁöÄÑÁ®¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÁöÄÑÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±¸¿øÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³ë·Âµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ïÀ§ÀÏü¿Í ¼º·ÊµéÀ» ¾ö¼÷È÷ ÁؼöÇÔ¿¡¼­ ¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÀÚµéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«ÇÑÇÑ °ø°£°ú ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ½Ã°£ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ÀÛÀº ¹°ÁúÀÇ ¿øÀÚÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ´Ù½º¸®´Â ¹ýÄ¢À» ¹Ýµå½Ã »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ¼±À» À§Çؼ­ »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̼ºÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â »ý°¢ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö »ç¶÷ÀÇ »óÅÂÀÇ °³¼±Àº ±×¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

I am convinced that a few centuries hence the so-called 'scientific' activity of our belauded recent centuries of European humanity will furnish an inextinguishable fund of mirth and pity to future generations. For some centuries the learned men of a small western part of the great continent were in a condition of epidemic madness, imagining that eternal blissful life belonged to them, and they occupied themselves with every kind of investiga¡©tion as to how, and according to what laws, this life would come to them; but they themselves did nothing and never thought of doing anything to make their life better. And what will seem yet more pathetic to the future historian is that he will find that these people had had a teacher who clearly and definitely indicated to them what they should do to live more happily, and that the words of this teacher were explained by some to mean that he would come on the clouds to arrange everything, and by others that this teacher's words were ex¡©cellent but impracticable, because man's life was not such as they wished it to be and therefore it was not worth while to concern themselves with it, but man's reason had to be directed to the investigation of the laws of life without regard to what is good for man.

Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ ¸î ¼¼±â Èĸé, ¿ì¸®°¡ ±ØÂùÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸® ÀηùÀÇ ÃÖ±Ù ¼ö ¼¼±â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¼ÒÀ§ °úÇÐÀûÀÎ ¾÷ÀûÀº ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¼¼´ëµé¿¡°Ô ²¨Áú ÁÙ ¸ð¸£´Â Á¶¼Ò¿Í ¿¬¹Î °Å¸®¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» ³ª´Â È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ¼ö ¼¼±â µ¿¾È ¹æ´ëÇÑ ´ë·úÀÇ Á¶±×¸¸ ¼­ÂÊÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº, ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÇູÇÑ »îÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ °ÍÀÎ ¾ç, À¯Ç༺ Á¤½Åº´¿¡ °É·Á ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »îÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¿Ã °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¹æ¸éÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» °³¼±ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» °áÄÚ »ý°¢ÇØ ³»Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¿ª»ç°¡µé¿¡°Ô À־ ´õ¿í´õ ÃøÀºÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Áö°Ô º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀº, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ±×¸®°í ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ´õ ÇູÇÏ°Ô »ì·Á¸é ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °¡¸¦ ±×µé¿¡°Ô °¡¸®ÄÑÁØ ±³»ç°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾î¶² ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ±³»çÀÇ ¸»À» ±×°¡ ±¸¸§À» Ÿ°í ¿Í¼­ ¼¼»óÀ» Á¤¸®ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í, ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ±³»çÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ ÈǸ¢ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ù¶ó´Â °Í°ú °°Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »î¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áú °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̼ºÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô À¯ÀÍÇÑ °Í¿¡ °ü°è¾ø´Â »îÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢À» ¿¬±¸ÇÔ¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.

The Church says: Christ's teaching is impracticable because life here is but an imitation of true life; it cannot be good, it is all evil. The best way to live such a life is to despise it and live by faith-  that is, by imagining a future, blissful, eternal life, and to live here as one is living, and to pray.

±³È¸´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé À̰÷ÀÇ »îÀº ´ÜÁö ÂüµÈ »îÀÇ ¸ð¹æÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ±×°ÍÀº ÈǸ¢ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »î¿¡¼­ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº ±×°ÍÀ» °æ¸êÇÏ°í ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù- Áï, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ÇູµÈ ±×¸®°í ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀ» »ó»óÇϸ鼭, ±×¸®°í À̰÷¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â ±×´ë·Î »ì¸é¼­ ±âµµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Philosophy, science, and public opinion say: Christ's teaching is impracticable because man's life depends not on that light of reason by which he can himself illuminate this life, but on general laws; and therefore it is not necessary to illuminate this life by reason and to live in accord therewith, but one must live as one is living, firmly believing that according to historical, sociological, and other laws of progress, after we have lived badly a very long time our life will of itself become very good.

öÇÐ, °úÇÐ ±×¸®°í ¿©·ÐÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀº ÀÌ·± »îÀ» ½º½º·Î ¹àÈ÷´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ À̼ºÀÇ ºû¿¡ Á¿ìµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »îÀ» À̼ºÀ¸·Î ¹à°Ô Çϰųª ±×°Í¿¡ ¸ÂÃ߾ »ì¾Æ °¥ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿ì¸®°¡ »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Â ´ë·Î »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é¼­ Áøº¸¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû, »çȸÇÐÀû ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ¹ýÄ¢À» µû¶ó¼­, ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì¾Æ°¡¸é ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀº ÀúÀý·Î ¸Å¿ì ÁÁ°Ô º¯ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±»°Ô ¹Ï¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

People come to a farm and there find everything necessary for their life: a house with all needful utensils, barns full of corn, cellars, vaults containing all kinds of supplies; in the yard are agricultural implements, tools, harness, horses, cows, sheep, and a complete inventory- all that is needful for a well-supplied life. People from various parts come to this farm and begin to make use of all they find there, each only for himself, not thinking of leaving any¡©thing either for those who are there with him in the house or for those who will come later. Each wishes to have everything for himself. Each hastens to make use of what he can seize, and the destruction of everything begins- strife and a struggle for possession. A milch cow, unshorn sheep and sheep bearing young, are killed for meat; fires are fed with benches and carts and people fight for milk and grain, and spill, scatter, and destroy more than they use. No one eats a morsel quietly, he eats and snarls; a stronger than he comes and takes the piece away, and another takes it from him. Having tor¡©mented themselves, these people, beaten and hungry, leave the place. Again the master arranges every¡©thing in the place so that people could live quietly in it. Again in the farm there is abundance, and again passers-by come in; but again there is a scrimmage and a fight; all is wasted in vain; and again, tormented and embittered, people go away, scolding, angry with their comrades and also with their host for having prepared the place badly and insufficiently. Again the good host rearranges the place so that people could live in it; and again the same thing occurs, and again, and again, and again. Then in one of the fresh parties a teacher is found who says to the others, 'Brothers, we are not acting rightly. See how many goods there are in the place and how well it is all arranged! There is enough for us all and there will be a surplus for those who come after us, only let us live reasonably. We will not snatch from one another, but will help one another. Let us sow, and plough, and tend the cattle, and all will be able to live well.' And it happened that some people understood what the teacher said, and those who understood began to do as he bade them; they ceased fighting and snatching from one another and began to work. But the rest, who had either not heard the words of the teacher or had heard but did not believe him, did not follow his advice, but fought as before and spoilt their host's goods and went away. Others came and the same thing occurred. Those who attended to the teacher ever repeated the same thing: 'Do not fight, do not destroy the host's goods, and it will be better for you all. Do as the teacher says.'

»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶² ³óÀå¿¡ °£´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÌ »î¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù: ¸ðµç ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °¡Àçµµ±¸¸¦ °®Ãá Áý, °î½ÄÀ¸·Î °¡µæÂù °÷°£, Æ÷µµÁÖ ÀúÀå½Ç, ¿Â°® °ÍµéÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ÁöÇÏÀúÀå½Ç°ú; Á¤¿ø¿¡´Â ³ó±â±¸, ¿¬Àåµé, ¸¶±¸, ¸»µé, ¼Òµé, ¾çµé, ±×¸®°í ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Àç°í µî- À±ÅÃÇÑ »î¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áö¿ªµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̰÷¿¡ ¿Í¼­ °Å±â¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ», Á¦°¢±â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀڽŸ¸À» À§Çؼ­ ÅÁÁøÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇϸç, ±× Áý¾È¿¡¼­ ÀڽŰú ÇÔ²² »ýȰÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô³ª µÚ¿¡ ¿Ã »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ³²°Ü ³õÀ» »ý°¢Àº ÀüÇô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Á¦°¢±â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀڽŸ¸ÀÌ °¡Áö±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. °¢ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ºÙµé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼­µÑ·¯¼­ ÅÁÁøÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç °ÍÀÇ ÆÄ±«- ¼ÒÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇÑ ½Î¿ò°ú ÅõÀï- °¡ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. Á¥À» Â¥¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¾Ï¼Ò, ÅÐÀ» ±ðÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾ç ±×¸®°í »õ³¢¸¦ ¹ê ¾çµéµµ °í±â¸¦ ¸ÔÀ¸·Á°í Á×ÀδÙ; ÀÇÀÚµé°ú ¸¶Â÷µéÀÌ ¶ª°¨À¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ìÀ¯¿Í °î½ÄÀ» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ ½Î¿ì¸ç, ½ñ°í È寮¸®¸ç, ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ùµµ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÆÄ±«ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ÇÑ ÀÔµµ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ¸ÔÀ¸¸é¼­ À¸¸£··°Å¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±× º¸´Ù ´õ Èû¼¾ ÀÚ°¡ ¿Í¼­´Â °í±â Á¶°¢À» °­Å»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚ°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¶Ç »©¾Ñ´Â´Ù. ½º½º·Î¸¦ °í¹®ÇÏ°í ³­ µÚ¿¡, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ò¾îÅÍÁö°í ±¾ÁÖ¸° ä·Î ±×°÷À» ¶°³­´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¦ÀÚ¸®¿¡ Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ÆòÈ­½º·´°Ô »ì¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ³óÀåÀº dz¿ä·Î¿öÁö¸ç, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ³ª±×³×µéÀÌ µé¾î¿Â´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ´Ù½Ã ºñ¸í¼Ò¸®¿Í ½Î¿òÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù; ¸ðµç °ÍÀº Ç㹫ÇÏ°Ô ÅÁÁøµÈ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã, °í¹®´çÇÏ°í ¾Ç¿¡ ¹ÞÇô¼­, µ¿·áµé¿¡°Ô ±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖÀο¡°Ô Áغñ°¡ ¼ÒȦÇÏ¸ç ºó¾àÇÏ´Ù°í ¿åÀ» ÇÏ°í ºÐÅëÀ» ÅÍÆ®¸®¸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡¹ö¸°´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸¶À½ ÁÁÀº ÁÖÀÎÀº ±×°÷À» Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ »ì ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã. ±×·±µ¥ »õ·Î¿î ¹«¸® ÁßÀÇ Çϳª ¾È¿¡ ÇÑ ±³»ç°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®ÇüÁ¦µéÀÌ¿©, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. º¸¶ó, À̰÷¿¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº Àç¹°µéÀÌ Àִ°¡ ±×¸®°í ¾ó¸¶³ª Àß Á¤µ·µÇ¾î Àִ°¡! ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ¸¦ À§Çؼ­µµ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¾çÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸® µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­µµ ³²À» Á¤µµ·Î ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯´Ï ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î »ìÀÚ. ¿ì¸®´Â ¼­·ÎÀÇ °ÍÀ» °­Å»ÇÏÁö ¸»°í ¼­·Î¸¦ µµ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾¾¾ÑÀ» »Ñ¸®°í, ¹çÀ» °¥¸ç, °¡ÃàÀ» µ¹º¸ÀÚ, ±×·¯¸é ¸ðµÎ°¡ Àß »ì °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ±×·¯ÀÚ ¸î »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌÇØÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±Ç°íÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇàÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù; ±×µéÀº ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ½Î¿òÁúÇÏ°í °­Å»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áß´ÜÇÏ¿´´Ù ±×¸®°í ÀÏÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±× ±³»çÀÇ ¸»µéÀ» µèÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´°Å³ª, ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ³ª¸ÓÁö »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×ÀÇ ±Ç°í¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê°í, ÀÌÀüó·³ ½Î¿üÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀÇ Àç¹°µéÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ°í °¡¹ö·È´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿Ô´Ù ±×¸®°í ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ±× ±³»çÀÇ ¸»À» °æÃ»ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ¶È°°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡®½Î¿ìÁö ¸»¶ó, ÁÖÀÎÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ³ÊÈñµé ¸ðµÎ´Â ´õ Àß »ì°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±³»ç°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÇàÇ϶ó.¡¯

But there were still many who had not heard or did not believe, and matters long went on in the old way. This was all comprehensible, and things might happen so as long as people did not believe what the teacher said. But at last, it is told, a time came when all in the place had heard the teacher's words, all understood them, and not only understood them but acknowledged that it was God Himself who spoke through the teacher and that the teacher was himself God, and all believed every word the teacher spoke to be sacred. And it is told that after this, instead of all living as the teacher advised, no one any longer refrained from the brawls, and they started thrashing one another and all began to say that we know now for certain that it should be so and that nothing else is possible!

±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷µµ µèÁö ¸øÇ߰ųª ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×·¡¼­ ¿¾³¯°ú °°Àº »çŵéÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ ³³µæÀÌ °¡´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±³»ç°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇÑ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ÀüÇØÁö´Â À̾߱â´Â, ¸¶Ä§³» ±× ³óÀå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±× ±³»çÀÇ ¸»µéÀ» µè°Ô µÈ ¶§°¡ ¿Ô´Ù, ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±× ¸»µéÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ±³»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­ ¸»ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç ±× ±³»ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹Ù·Î Çϳª´ÔÀ̾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±× ±³»çÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸»¾¸À» ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀº ÈÄ¿¡, ÀüÇØÁö´Â À̾߱â´Â, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ±³»ç°¡ ±Ç°íÇÑ ´ë·Î »ç´Â ´ë½Å¿¡, ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ½Î¿òÀ» ¸ØÃßÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¼­·Î¸¦ µÎµé°Ü ÆÐ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀº ±×·² ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ½À» È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¸»Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù!

What does it all mean ? Even cattle manage to eat their fodder so that it should not be wasted uselessly, but men, having learnt how they might live better and believing that God Himself ordered them to do so, live even worse, because they say it is impossible to live otherwise. These people have imagined something that is not true. Well, what could these people at the farm have imagined, which let them, having believed the teacher's words, continue to live as before, snatching from one another, fighting, and ruining the goods and themselves? The teacher had told them: 'Your life at this farm is bad; live better and your life will become good'; but they imagined that the teacher had condemned any kind of life at that farm, and had promised them another, a good life, not at that farm but somewhere else. And they decided that this farm was a temporary inn, and that it was not worth while arranging to live well in it, but that it was only necessary to be on the alert not to miss the good life promised in another place. Only so can the strange conduct of these people at the farm be explained who believed the teacher to be God, and of those others who considered him a wise man and his words to be true, but continued to live as before in contra¡©diction to his advice.

ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº µµ´ëü ¹«½¼ ÀǹÌÀΰ¡? ½ÉÁö¾î °¡Ãàµéµµ ±×µéÀÇ ¸ÔÀ̰¡ ¾µµ¥ ¾øÀÌ ³¶ºñµÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¸Ô´Âµ¥, »ç¶÷µéÀº, ´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿üÀ¸¸ç Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇ϶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥µµ, ´õ ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Áö±Ý°ú ´Ù¸£°Ô »ç´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¸»Çϱ⠶§¹®À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº Áø½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» »ó»óÇϰí ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù, ±³»çÀÇ ¸»À» ¹Ï¾úÀ½¿¡µµ, ÀÌÀüó·³ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ »ì¾Æ°¡¸ç, ¼­·ÎÀÇ °ÍÀ» °­Å»Çϰí, ½Î¿ì¸ç Àç»ê°ú ÀÚ±â ÀڽŵéÀ» ÆÄ±«Çϸ鼭, ³óÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°Ú´Â°¡? ±³»ç°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡®³óÀå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³ÊÈñÀÇ »îÀº ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù; ¼±ÇÏ°Ô »ì¾Æ¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ³ÊÈñÀÇ »îÀº ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯; ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±³»ç°¡ ³óÀå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ »îÀ» ºñ³­ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ´Ù¸¥ »î, ±× ³óÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °÷¿¡´Ù º¹µÈ »îÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù°í »ó»óÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ÀÌ ³óÀåÀº Àӽ÷Π¸Ó¹«´Â ¿©°üÀ̸ç, ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ Àß »ì¾Æ º¼ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ´Ù¸¥ Àå¼Ò¿¡ ¾à¼ÓµÈ º¹µÈ »îÀ» ³õÄ¡Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù°í ¸¶À½ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­¸¸, ±× ±³»ç°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´ø ³óÀå¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§¿Í, ±× ±³»ç¸¦ ÇöÀÚ·Î ¿©±â°í ±×ÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ Áø¸®ÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀÌÀüó·³ ±×ÀÇ ±Ç°í¿Í ¸ð¼øµÇµµ·Ï °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§°¡ ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Men have heard all and understood all; but have let slip past their ears that the teacher said that men must create their own happiness here, at this farm at which they have met; and have imagined that this farm was an inn and that the real one will be some¡©where else. And from this has come their amazing argument that the words of the teacher were very admirable, and were even the words of God Him¡©self, but that it was now difficult to obey them.

»ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» µé¾úÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±³»ç°¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇູÀ» ¿©±â¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ¸ðÀÎ ÀÌ ³óÀå¿¡¼­ âÁ¶ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ», ±×µéÀÇ ±Í°¡ Èê·Á µè°Ô ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç; ÀÌ ³óÀåÀº ¿©°üÀ̸ç ÂüµÈ °÷ÀÌ ¾îµò°¡¿¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ó»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¼­ºÎÅÍ ±³»çÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ÈǸ¢Çϸç, ½ÉÁö¾î Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀ» Áö±Ý µû¸£±â´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â ³î¶ó¿î ÁÖÀåÀÌ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

If only people would cease from destroying them¡©selves and expecting someone to come and help them- Christ on the clouds with the sound of trumpets, or an historic law, or a law of the differentiation and integration of forces! No one will help them unless they help themselves. Nor do they need help. They only need, instead of expecting anything from heaven or from earth, to cease to destroy themselves.

¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÆÄ¸ê½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ØÃß°í ´©±º°¡°¡ ¿Í¼­ ±×µéÀ» µµ¿ï °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ±â´ë- Æ®·³Æê ¼Ò¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² ±¸¸§À» Ÿ°í ¿À´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ, ¶Ç´Â ¿ª»çÀû ¹ýÄ¢, ¶Ç´Â ÈûÀÇ ºÐ¸®¿Í °áÇÕÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢- ¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù¸é! ±×µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î¸¦ µ½Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×µéÀ» µ½Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏ´ÃÀ̳ª ¶¥À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¹Ù¶ó´Â ´ë½Å¿¡, ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁßÁöÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù.

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¼­¹® ] I. º¹À½ ±³ÈÆÀÇ ¿­¼è ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É ] III. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ý°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý ] IV. ±×¸®½ºµµ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ] VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í ] [ VII. °ÅÁþ ±³¸® ] VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ ] IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§ ] X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù ] XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ ] XII. ½Å¾ÓÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ] Notes ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


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