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VI. The Five Commandments |
VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í |
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¡¡ |
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1. Do not be angry, but live at peace with
all men.
2. Do not indulge yourself in sexual gratification.
3. Do not
promise anything on oath to anyone.
4. Do not resist evil, do not judge
and do not go to law.
5. Make no distinction of nationality, but love
foreigners as your own people. |
1. ȸ¦ ³»Áö ¸»¶ó, ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú ÆòÈ·Ó°Ô
»ì¾Æ¶ó.
2. ¼ºÀûÀÎ ¸¸Á·¿¡ ÁýÂøÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
3. ´©±¸¿¡°Ô
¸Í¼¼·Î¼ ¹«¾ùÀÌµç ¾à¼ÓÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
4. ¾Ç¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó, ½ÉÆÇÇÏÁö ¸»°í °í¼ÒÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
5. ±¹°¡ÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀ»
ÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀ» ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¿Æ÷ó·³
»ç¶ûÇ϶ó. |
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¡¡ |
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And so when I understood Christ's law to be the law of Christ and not
the law of Moses and Christ, and understood the statement of that law
which directly disavows the law of Moses, the Gospels as a whole, instead
of their former obscurity, disunion, and contradictoriness, disclosed
themselves as one indivisible whole, and amid them the essence of the
whole teaching became clear, expressed in the five simple, clear
commandments of Christ, accessible to everyone (Matt. v. 21-48), but about
which I had till then known nothing. Throughout the Gospels Christ's
commandments and their fulfillment are spoken of. |
±×·¡¼ ³»°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀÌ, ¸ð¼¼¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
À²¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´À» ¶§,
±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÌ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ»
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, º¹À½¼´Â
±×°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¾Ö¸ÅÇÔ, ºÒÀÏÄ¡, ±×¸®°í ¸ð¼ø¼º
´ë½Å¿¡, ±× ÀÚü·Î¼ ³ª´©¾î Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Àüü·Î
³ªÅ¸³µ°í, ±×¸®°í ±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡¼ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ º»ÁúÀÌ
¸í¹éÇØÁ³À¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÑ ´Ù¼¸
°¡ÁöÀÇ °è¸íµé·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î¼ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Á¢±ÙÀÌ
°¡´ÉÇØÁ³´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ±×¶§±îÁö ÀÌ 5°è¸í(¸¶Å 5Àå
21-48Àý)¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. º¹À½¼ Àüü¸¦
ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµé°ú ±×°ÍµéÀÇ Áؼö°¡ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Ù. |
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All the theologians speak of Christ's command¡©ments, but what those
commandments were I formerly did not know. It seemed to me that the
commands of Christ consisted in this: to love God, and my neighbor as
myself. But I did not see that this could not be Christ's commandment,
because it is a commandment of 'them of old time' (Deut. and Lev.).
The words (Matt. v. 19) 'Whosoever shall break one of these least commandments,
and shall teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven',
I attributed to the laws of Moses. And the fact that the new commandments
of Christ are clearly and definitely expressed in verses 21-48 of Matt. v
never entered my head. I did not see that where Christ says, 'It was
said to you; but I say unto you', new and definite commands of Christ
are given, namely, according to the number of refer¡©ences to the ancient
law (and counting two refer¡©ences to adultery as one), five new, clear,
and definite commandments of Christ. |
¸ðµç ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼
¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× °è¸íµéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ³ª´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¾ËÁö
¸øÇß´Ù. ³»°Ô ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµéÀº ÀÌ °Í¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³
º¸¿´´Ù: Çϳª´ÔÀ» »ç¶ûÇϰí, ³ªÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» ³ª ÀÚ½Åó·³
»ç¶ûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ¡®¿¾ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ¡¯(½Å¸í±â
¹× ·¹À§±â) °è¸íÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íÀÏ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ª´Â ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ³ª´Â ¡®±×·¯¹Ç·Î
´©±¸µçÁö ÀÌ °è¸í Áß¿¡ Áö±ØÈ÷ ÀÛÀº °Í Çϳª¶óµµ
¹ö¸®°í ¶Ç ±×°°ÀÌ »ç¶÷À» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â Àڴ õ±¹¿¡¼
Áö±ØÈ÷ ÀÛ´Ù ÀÏÄÃÀ½À» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ¿ä, ´©±¸µçÁö À̸¦
ÇàÇÏ¿© °¡¸£Ä¡´Â Àڴ ģ±¹¿¡¼ Å©´Ù ÀÏÄÃÀ½À»
¹ÞÀ¸¸®¶ó¡¯ (¸¶Å 5Àå-l9Àý)ÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÌ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ»
ÀÏÄ´ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 21-48Àý¿¡
¸í·áÇϰí È®½ÇÈ÷ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »õ·Î¿î
°è¸íµéÀº °áÄÚ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¶°¿À¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ¡®³ÊÈñ°¡
µé¾úÀ¸³ª ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï¡¯¶ó°í ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡
¸»ÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡¼, »õ·Ó°í È®½ÇÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸í·ÉµéÀÌ, Áï,
¿¾ À²¹ýÀ» ÂüÁ¶Çϴ ȸ¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó¼(±×¸®°í °£À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
µÎ ¹øÀÇ ÂüÁ¶¸¦ Çϳª·Î °è»êÇÏ¿©), ´Ù¼¸ °¡ÁöÀÇ »õ·Ó°í,
¸í·áÇϸç, Á¤È®ÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµéÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. |
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About the Beatitudes and their number I had heard and had met with
enumerations and explana¡©tions in Scripture lessons, but of Christ's
commands I had never heard anything. To my surprise I had to discover
them. |
Áøº¹ÆÈ´Ü(òØÜØø¢Ó®)°ú ±× ¼ýÀÚ¿¡ °üÇØ¼´Â µé¾úÀ¸¸ç
¼º¼ °ÀÇ¿¡¼ ¸ñ·Ïµé°ú ¼³¸íµéÀ» Á¢Çß¾ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼± ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ µéÀº ÀûÀÌ
¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀº ³»°¡ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. |
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This is how I did so. In Matt. v. 21-6, it is said: '[21]Ye have
heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill [Exod. xx.
13], and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment. [22]But
I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother without a
cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to
his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council; and who¡©soever
shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. [23]If therefore
thou art offering thy gift at the altar, and there rememberest that thy
brother hath aught against thee; [24]leave there thy gift before the altar
and go thy way, first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and
offer thy gift. [25]Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in
the way with him; lest haply the adversary deliver thee to the judge and
the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison.
[26]Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till
thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.' |
À̰ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ß°ßÀ» ÇÑ °úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå
21-26Àý±îÁö ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù: ¡®[21]¿¾»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô
¸»ÇÑ ¹Ù »ìÀÎÄ¡ ¸»¶ó. ´©±¸µçÁö »ìÀÎÇÏ¸é ½ÉÆÇÀ» ¹Þ°Ô
µÇ¸®¶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡ µé¾úÀ¸³ª [22]³ª´Â
³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ÇüÁ¦¿¡°Ô (ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ)³ëÇÏ´Â
ÀÚ¸¶´Ù ½ÉÆÇÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ°í, ÇüÁ¦¸¦ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¶ó°¡¶ó ÇÏ´Â
ÀÚ´Â °øÈ¸¿¡ ÀâÈ÷°Ô µÇ°í ¹Ì·ÃÇÑ ³ðÀ̶ó ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â Áö¿Á
ºÒ¿¡ µé¾î°¡°Ô µÇ¸®¶ó. [23]±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿¹¹°À» Á¦´Ü¿¡
µå¸®´Ù°¡ °Å±â¼ ³× ÇüÁ¦¿¡°Ô ¿ø¸ÁµéÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Â
ÁÙ »ý°¢³ª°Åµç [24]¿¹¹°À» Á¦´Ü ¾Õ¿¡ µÎ°í ¸ÕÀú °¡¼
ÇüÁ¦¿Í ȸñÇÏ°í ±× ÈÄ¿¡ ¿Í¼ ¿¹¹°À» µå¸®¶ó [25]³Ê¸¦
¼Û»çÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿Í ÇÔ²² ±æ¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡ ±ÞÈ÷ »çÈÇ϶ó. ±×
¼Û»çÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ÀçÆÇ°ü¿¡ ³»¾îÁÖ°í ÀçÆÇ°üÀÌ
°ü¿¡°Ô ³»¾îÁÖ¾î ¿Á¿¡ °¡µÑ±î ¿°·ÁÇ϶ó. [26]Áø½Ç·Î ³×°Ô
À̸£³ë´Ï ³×°¡ È£¸®¶óµµ ³²±è¾øÀÌ ´Ù °±±â Àü¿¡´Â
°á´ÜÄÚ °Å±â¼ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¸øÇϸ®¶ó.¡¯ |
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When I understood the commandment of non-resistance to him that is evil
it seemed to me that these verses about anger ought to have as clear a
meaning, and one as applicable to life, as the commandment about resisting
him that is evil. The meaning I had formerly attributed to those words was
that everyone should always avoid anger against others and should never
use words of abuse, but should live at peace with all men without excep¡©tion;
but there were words in the text which ex¡©cluded that meaning. It was
said: Do not be angry 'without a cause', so that no unconditional
injunc¡©tion to be peaceable is found in the words. Those words 'without
a cause' perplexed me: and to solve my doubts I consulted the
interpretations of the theologians, and to my amazement I found that the
interpretations of the Fathers of the Church are chiefly directed to
explaining when anger is excusable and when it is not excusable. All the
Church interpretations lay particular stress on the meaning of the words without
a cause, and explain the passage in the sense that one must not insult
innocent people and one must not employ words of abuse, but that anger is
not always unjustifiable; in confirmation of which view they quote the
anger of saints and Apostles. |
³»°¡ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ °è¸íÀ» ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§,
³»°Ô´Â ºÐ³ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ ±¸Àýµéµµ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ
ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â °è¸í¸¸Å ¸í·áÇÑ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í »î¿¡ Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ
°ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ³»°¡
ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡ ºÎ¿©Çß´ø Àǹ̴ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº
¾ðÁ¦³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ³ë¸¦ ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç °áÄÚ
Æø¾ðÀ» ÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç, ¿¹¿Ü ¾øÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú
ÆòÈ·Ó°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿øÀü¿¡´Â
±×·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ ¹èÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¸»µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ
³ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó¡¯´Â ¸»ÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¼, ÀÌ ¸»µé¿¡¼
¹«Á¶°ÇÀûÀÎ ÆòÈ À¯Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í·ÉÀº ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¸¦ È¥¶õ½º·´°Ô Çß´Ù:
±×·¡¼ ³ª´Â ÀǽÉÀ» Ç®±âÀ§ÇØ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ÇØ¼®µéÀ»
ã¾Æ º¸¾Ò´Ù, ³î¶ø°Ôµµ ±³ºÎµéÀÇ ÇØ¼®µéÀº ÁÖ·Î ºÐ³ë°¡
¿ë¼µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿Í ¿ë¼µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÔ¿¡
ÁýÁßÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇØ¼®µéÀº ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â
¸»¿¡ Ưº°ÇÑ °Á¶¸¦ µÎ°í¼, ±× ±¸ÀýÀ» ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ»
¿åÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç Æø¾ðÀ» ÇØ¼µµ ¾ÈµÇÁö¸¸, ºÐ³ë°¡
¾ðÁ¦³ª ºÎ´çÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Π¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù; ±×·¯ÇÑ
½Ã°¢À» È®ÁõÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀº ¼ºÀÚµé°ú »çµµµéÀÇ
ºÐ³ë¸¦ ÀοëÇÑ´Ù. |
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I could not but admit that, though it contradicts the whole sense of
the Gospels, this explanation that anger, as they say, is not forbidden by
the word of God, follows from and finds support in the words without a
cause- which occur in verse 22. These words change the meaning of the
whole utterance. |
³ª´Â, ºñ·Ï ±×°ÍÀÌ º¹À½¼ÀÇ Àüü ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ¸ð¼øµÇÁö¸¸,
±×µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, ºÐ³ë´Â, ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»¿¡
µû¶ó¼ ±×¸®°í À̸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î ÇÏ¿©, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸¿¡
ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±ÝÁöµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¼³¸íÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö
¾ø¾ú´Ù- À̰ÍÀº 22Àý¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ Àüü ¸»¾¸ÀÇ
Àǹ̸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³õÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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Be not angry without a cause. Christ bids us forgive all,
forgive endlessly. He himself forgives, and for¡©bids Peter to be angry
with Malchus when Peter, not without cause it would seem, defended his
Master who was being led to crucifixion. And this same Christ, for the
instruction of all men, says: Do not be angry without a cause, and
thereby sanctions anger with a cause- anger which is deserved. Christ
preaches peace to all the plain folk and suddenly, as though explaining
that this does not refer to all cases but that there are cases when one
may be angry with one's brother, he inserts the words without a
cause. In the interpretations it is explained that there is timely
anger. But who, asked I, is to be judge of when anger is timely? I have
never seen angry people who considered their anger untimely. They all
consider their anger just and useful. Those words destroy the whole
meaning of the verse. But the words stood in Holy Writ and I could not
cancel them. Yet those words were as though to the saying, Love thy
neighbor were added, Love thy good neighbor, or, Love the
neighbor whom thou approvest of. |
ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ ³ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸ðµÎ¸¦
¿ë¼Çϰí, ³¡¾øÀÌ ¿ë¼Ç϶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ½º½º·Î
¿ë¼Çϸç, º£µå·Î°¡, ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø¾î º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸,
½ÊÀÚ°¡·Î ²ø·Á°¡´Â ±×ÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§,
º£µå·Î¿¡°Ô ºÐ³ëÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ¶È
°°Àº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³±³·Î¼, ¸»ÇÑ´Ù:
ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ ºÐ³ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ±×¸®°í ±×·³À¸·Î½á, ÀÌÀ¯ÀÖ´Â
ºÐ³ë- °¡Ä¡ÀÖ´Â ºÐ³ë- ¸¦ ¿ëÀÎÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ðµç
Æò¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Æòȸ¦ ¼³±³ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í °©ÀÚ±â
À̰ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç °æ¿ìµé¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
ÇüÁ¦¿¡°Ô ºÐ³ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¼³¸íÀÌ¶óµµ ÇϵíÀÌ, ±×´Â ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»À»
»ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÇØ¼®µé¿¡´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ ºÐ³ëµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í
¼³¸íµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ³ª´Â ¹¯´Â´Ù, ºÐ³ë°¡ ÀûÀýÇѰ¡¸¦
½ÉÆÇÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? ³ª´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÐ³ë°¡ Á¤´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í
¿©±â´Â ºÐ³ëÇÑ »ç¶÷À» °áÄÚ º¸Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ
±×µéÀÇ ºÐ³ë°¡ Á¤´çÇϸç À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ
±¸ÀýÀÇ Àüü Àǹ̸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.±×·¯³ª ±× ¸»µéÀº
¼º¼¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» Ãë¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ¸¶Ä¡, ¡®³× ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »ç¶ûÇ϶󡯴 ¸»¿¡,
¡®³ÊÀÇ ¼±ÇÑ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »ç¶ûÇ϶ó¡¯, ¶Ç´Â ¡®³×
¸¶À½¿¡ µå´Â ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »ç¶ûÇ϶󡯴 ¸»À» µ¡ºÙÀÓ°ú
°°¾Ò´Ù. |
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The whole meaning of the passage was destroyed for me by the words without
a cause. The verses that said that before praying one must be
reconciled to those who are angry with one, which without the words
'without a cause' would have had a plain and obligatory meaning, also
acquired this conditional meaning. |
ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀÇ Àüü Àǹ̴ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â
¸»·Î¼ ÆÄ±«µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±âµµÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ºÐ³ëÇÏ´Â
ÀÚµé°ú ÈÇØÇ϶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ ±¸Àýµéµµ, ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â
¸»ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ¸í¹éÈ÷ °Á¦ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̰¡ µÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸,
¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·± Á¶°ÇÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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It seemed to me that Christ should have for¡©bidden all anger, all ill
will, and for its elimination bidden everyone, before he brings his
sacrifice- that is to say, before entering into communion with God - to
remember whether there is not someone who is angry with him. And if there
is anyone who right¡©fully or wrongfully is angry with you, you must first
go and be reconciled, and only then bring your offering or your prayer. So
it seemed to me; but according to the commentaries the passage must be
understood conditionally. |
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ðµç ºÐ³ë, ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀǸ¦ ±ÝÁöÇϼ̰í, ±×
Á¦°Å¸¦ À§Çؼ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¦¹°À» ¹ÙÄ¡±â
Àü¿¡- Áï, Çϳª´Ô°ú ±³ÅëÇÔ¿¡ µé±â Àü¿¡- Àڽſ¡°Ô
ºÐ³ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ø´ÂÁö ±â¾ïÇ϶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇϼ̴ٰí
´À²¸Á³´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ¼±ÀÇµç ¾ÇÀÇµç ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô
ºÐ³ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú °¡¼ ÈÇØÇÑ ´ÙÀ½
±×¶§¼¾ß ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¦¹°À̳ª ±âµµ¸¦ ¹ÙÄ¡¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ±×·¸°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ÁÖÇØ¼µé¿¡ µû¸£¸é
±× ±¸ÀýÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¶°ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
In all the commentaries it is explained that one must try to be at
peace with all, but if that is impossible owing to the depravity of those
who are at strife with you, you must be at peace in your soul, in your
thoughts, and then the enmity of the others against you need not prevent
your praying. Be¡©sides this, the words that declare that whoso says
'Raca' and 'Thou fool' is terribly guilty always seemed to me
strange and obscure. If one is for¡©bidden to scold, why are such weak
almost unabusive words selected as examples ? And also why is so terrible
a threat directed against him who lets fall such a weak word of abuse as
'Raca', which means 'a nobody'? This too is obscure. |
¸ðµç ÁÖÇØ¼µé¿¡¼, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú Æòȸ¦
À¯ÁöÇϵµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®¿Í ¹Ý¸ñÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ
Ÿ¶ôÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ±×°ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã
¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ý°¢ ¾È¿¡¼ ÈÇØÇØ¾ß Çϸç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¸é ¿ì¸®¿¡
´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àû´ë°¨ÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµµ¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÒ
Çʿ䰡 ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ¼³¸íµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¡®¶ó°¡¡¯
±×¸®°í ¡®³Ê´Â ¾î¸®¼®´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª
¹«¼¿î Á˸¦ Áþ°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Â ¸»µéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª
³»°Ô´Â ÀÌ»óÇÏ°í ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡
¿åÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÝÁöµÈ´Ù¸é, ¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô ³ª¾àÇÏ¸ç °ÅÀÇ
¿å¼³À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸»µéÀÌ »ç·Êµé·Î¼
¼±ÅõǾú´Â°¡? ±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô ¡®ÇÏÂúÀº »ç¶÷¡¯À»
ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â, ¡®¶ó°¡¡¯°°ÀÌ ºñ³À¸·Î¼´Â ¹Ì¾àÇÑ ¸»À»
³»¹ñÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±×Åä·Ï ¹«¼¿î À§ÇùÀÌ °¡ÇØÁö´Â
°ÍÀΰ¡? |
|
I felt that there was a misunderstanding similar to that which occurred
with reference to the words, 'judge not'. I felt that as in that
interpretation so in this, what is simple, important, definite, and
practicable is all changed into what is obscure and indefinite. I felt
that Christ could not understand the words, 'Go, be reconciled to thine
adversary', in the way they are explained to us, as meaning, 'Be
reconciled in your thoughts'. What does being reconciled in one's
thoughts mean? It seemed to me that Christ was demanding what he elsewhere
expressed in the words of the prophets: 'I will have mercy and not
sacrifice'- that is to say, love to man. And therefore if you wish to
please God, before praying at morning and evening, at matins and evensong,
remember whether anyone is angry with you and go and arrange matters so
that he may not be angry with you, and after that pray if you please. And
then we are told that this is only 'in thought'. I felt that the whole
interpretation which destroyed for me the direct and clear mean¡©ing of
the passage was based on the words 'without a cause'. If they were
struck out the meaning would be clear; but against my interpretation all
the expositors were ranged, as well as the canonical Gospel with the
words, 'without a cause'. If I yield on this point I may as well yield
on others at my fancy, and other people may do the same. The whole matter
lay in those words. If they were not there all would be clear. And I tried
to find some philological explanation of the words which would not
infringe the whole meaning. I looked up the Greek word interpreted
'without a cause' in the dictionaries; and I saw that this word, in
Greek , means 'without purpose', 'inconsiderately'. I
tried to give it a meaning which would not infringe the sense of the
passage, but evidently the addition of that word has the meaning which is
given it. I consulted other dictionaries, but the meaning given of the
word was the same. I consulted the context and found that the word is
employed only once in the Gospel, namely, in this passage. In the Epistles
it is employed several times. In the First Epistle to the Corinthians, xv.
2, it is used just in this sense. Therefore it is impossible to explain it
otherwise, and one has to admit that Christ said: Do not be angry
unnecessarily! I must confess that for me to admit that Christ could
in this passage use such obscure words, which can be understood so that
nothing remains of their meaning, was tantamount to rejecting the whole
Gospel. There remained one last hope: Is the word found in all the
manuscripts? I looked up the manuscripts. I referred to Griesbach, who
shows all the variations- that is to say, he shows in what manuscripts and
by what Fathers of the Church an expression is used. I looked, and was at
once thrown into an ecstasy by observing that to this passage there are
remarks- there are variations. I went on and found that the variations all
refer to the word 'without a cause'. Most of the
manuscripts of the Gospel and the quotations of the passage in the Fathers
of the Church do not contain the word at all! Therefore most of them
understood the matter as I do. I then referred to Tischendorf- to the
oldest text- and the word was not there at all! I looked at Luther's
translations, where I might have got at the matter most quickly, and the
word was not there either. |
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Á¤È®Çϰí, ±×¸®°í ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¸ðÈ£Çϰí
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Áï, ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡¼, ¿ÀÁ÷ Çѹø ¹Û¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â
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µé¾îÀִ°¡? ³ª´Â »çº»µéÀ» Á¶»çÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â
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»çº»µéÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù- Áï, ±×´Â ¾î¶² »çº»µé¿¡, ±×¸®°í
¾î´À ±³ºÎµé¿¡¼ ¾î¶² Ç¥ÇöÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â Á¶»çÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±Ý¹æ ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡
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»çº»µéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ
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¸»À» ¡®ÀÌÀ¯¾øÀÌ¡¯·Î ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ º¹À½¼ »çº»µé°ú ±³ºÎµéÀÌ ÀοëÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀº ÀÌ
¸»À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù! ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µé ´ëºÎºÐÀº
±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³ªÃ³·³ ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ³ª´Â
Ƽ¼¾µµ¸£ÇÁ- °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ »çº»- ¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ¸»ÀÌ
±×°÷¿¡ ÇѸ¶µðµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù! ³ª´Â ·çÅÍÀÇ ¹ø¿ªµéÀ»
Á¶»çÇØº¸¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ¹ø¿ª¿¡¼ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¡Àå »¡¸®
±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¸»Àº ±×°÷¿¡¼µµ ¿ª½Ã ¾ø¾ú´Ù. |
|
The very word which infringes the whole meaning of Christ's teaching
was added to the Gospels in the fifth century and is not to be found in
the best manuscripts. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àüü Àǹ̸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ
¸»Àº ¿À ¼¼±â¿¡ º¹À½¼¿¡ »ðÀԵǾú°í, °¡Àå ½Åºù¼ºÀÖ´Â
»çº»µé¿¡¼´Â ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. |
|
Someone inserted the word, and there were others who approved of it and
wrote commentaries upon it. |
´©±º°¡°¡ ÀÌ ¸»À» ÷°¡½ÃÄ×°í, ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇϰí
±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¼®À» ±â·ÏÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
|
Christ could not and did not utter that dreadful word; and the first,
simple, direct meaning of the whole passage, which occurred to me and
occurs to everyone, is the true meaning. |
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ±×Åä·Ï ¹«¼¿î ¸»À» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú°í,
Ç¥ÇöÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ, ´Ü¼øÇϰí
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Àüü ±¸ÀýÀÇ Àǹ̰¡, ³ª¿¡°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ³µÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î Áø½ÇÇÑ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But more than this, I had only to understand that Christ's words
always forbid all anger against any¡©one whatever, for the injunction not
to say to any¡©one, 'Raca', or 'Thou fool', which had formerly
perplexed me, to receive another meaning than that Christ forbids the use
of abusive words. The strange, untranslated Hebrew word, Raca,
supplied me with the clue. Raca means trampled on, destroyed,
non-existing; and the word rak, a very usual word, has the sense of
exclusion, only not. Raca means a man who should not be accounted a
man. In the plural the word rekim is used in the Book of Judges
(ix. 4) where it means 'lost persons'. And that is the word Christ
bids us not to use of any man. As he bids us not use another word,
fool, so also he bids us not use raca, which professes to free
us from our human obligations to our neighbor. We get angry and do evil to
men, and to justify ourselves we say that he with whom we are angry is a
lost or insane man. And just those two words Christ bids us not to use of
men or to men. Christ bids us not be angry with anyone and not justify our
anger by declaring a man to be lost or insane. |
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°Í ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª
¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç ºÐ³ë¸¦ ±ÝÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷
±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¡®¶ó°¡¡¯,
¶Ç´Â ¡®¹Ùº¸¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â ¸í·ÉÀº, °ú°Å¿£ ³ª¸¦
È¥¶õ½º·´°Ô ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿å¼³ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ»
±ÝÁöÇϰí ÀÖÀ½ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ±â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹ø¿ªµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¸» ¡®¶ó°¡(raca)¡¯¶ó´Â
¸»ÀÌ ³»°Ô ´Ü¼¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ¿´´Ù. raca´Â Áþ¹âÈ÷´Ù,
ÆÄ±«µÇ´Ù, Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¸Å¿ì ÈçÈ÷
»ç¿ëµÇ´Â rak´Â Á¦¿ÜÀÇ Àǹ̷μ, ¡®¿ÀÁ÷¡¦ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï´Ù¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. raca´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁú ¼ö ¾ø´Â
»ç¶÷À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. º¹¼ö·Î¼ ·¹±è(rekim)Àº »ç»ç±â(9Àå
4Àý)¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Âµ¥ Àǹ̴ ¡®Å¸¶ôÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¡¯À»
ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ
»ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸»ÀÎ ¡®¹Ùº¸¡¯¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
ÀÌ¿ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼ÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀ» ÇØ¹æ½Ã۱â À§Çؼ
¸»ÇÏ´Â racaµµ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ºÐ³ëÇϰí ÇØ¸¦ °¡ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®
ÀڽŵéÀ» Á¤´çÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®°¡ ºÐ³ëÇÏ´Â ´ë»óÀÌ
Ÿ¶ôÇÏ¿´°Å³ª ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ µÎ ¸»À»
¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼³ª »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô »ç¿ëÇØ¼´Â
¾ÈµÈ´Ù°í ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î´À
´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ºÐ³ëÇÏ¿©¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç, »ç¶÷À»
Ÿ¶ôÇÏ¿´´Ù°Å³ª ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÐ³ë¸¦
Á¤´çÈÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù. |
|
And so instead of a cloudy, indefinite expression admitting of
arbitrary interpretation, in Matt. v. 21-8, I found Christ's first clear
and definite com¡©mandment: Live at peace with all men and never consider
your anger against any man justified. Do not consider anyone, or call
anyone, lost or a fool (v. 22). And not only must you not consider your
anger against another justifiable, but you must not consider another's
anger against yourself causeless; and therefore if anyone is angry with
you, though he be in the wrong, yet before saying your prayers go and
remove his hostile feeling (v. 23, 24). Try in advance to destroy any
enmity between yourself and others that it may not flame up and destroy
you (v. 25, 26). |
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ÀÓÀÇÀûÀÎ ÇØ¼®À» Çã¿ëÇÏ°í ¾Ö¸ÅÇϸç
ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ Ç¥Çö´ë½Å¿¡, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 21-28Àý¿¡¼, ³ª´Â
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸í·áÇϰí Á¤È®ÇÑ Á¦ 1 °è¸íÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù:
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú ÆòÈ·Ó°Ô »ì¶ó ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
³ÊÈñÀÇ ºÐ³ëµµ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±âÁö ¸»¶ó. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À»
Ÿ¶ôÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¿©±âÁöµµ ºÎ¸£Áöµµ, ¹Ùº¸¶ó°í ¿©±âÁöµµ
ºÎ¸£Áöµµ ¸»¶ó(22Àý). ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ÊÈñÀÇ
ºÐ³ë¸¦ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©°Ü¼´Â ¾ÈµÉ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ÊÈñ¿¡
´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºÐ³ëµµ ÀÌÀ¯¾ø´Ù°í ¿©°Ü¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù;
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ºÐ³ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ºñ·Ï
±×°¡ À߸øÇÏ¿´´õ¶óµµ, ³ÊÈñÀÇ ±âµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸®±â Àü¿¡ °¡Àú
±×ÀÇ Àû´ëÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤À» ¾ø¾Öµµ·ÏÇ϶ó(23,24Àý). ³ÊÈñ
ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ ¹Ý¸ñÀ» ¹Ì¸® Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï
Ç϶ó ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀÌ È°È° Ÿ¿Ã¶ó¼ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö
¾Êµµ·Ï Ç϶ó(25,26Àý). |
|
After the first commandment the second revealed itself to me with equal
clearness. It also begins with a reference to the ancient law. In Matt. v.
27-30 it is said: 'You have heard that it was said by them of old time,
Thou shalt not commit adultery [Exod. xx. 14]. But I say unto you, that
whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery
with her already in his heart. And if thy right eye causeth thee to
stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from thee; for it is profitable for
thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body be cast
into hell. But if thy right hand causeth thee to stumble, cut it off and
cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members
should perish, and not thy whole body go into hell.' |
Á¦ 2ÀÇ °è¸íÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¸í·á¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ³ª¿¡°Ô
³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¸¶Åº¹À½ Á¦5Àå 7Àý¿¡¼ 30Àý±îÁö¿¡ ¿¾ À²¹ý¿¡
´ëÇØ¼ ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù. ¡®¶Ç °£À½Ä¡ ¸»¶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
³ÊÈñ°¡ µé¾úÀ¸³ª[Ãâ¾Ö±Þ±â 20Àå 14Àý] ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô
À̸£³ë´Ï ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ º¸°í À½¿åÀ» ǰ´Â ÀÚ¸¶´Ù ¸¶À½¿¡ À̹Ì
°£À½ÇÏ¿´´À´Ï¶ó ¸¸ÀÏ ³× ¿À¸¥ ´«ÀÌ ½ÇÁ·ÄÉ ÇÏ°Åµç »©¾î
¹ö¸®¶ó ³× ¹éü Áß¿¡ Çϳª°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö°í ¿Â ¸öÀÌ Áö¿Á¿¡
´øÁö¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ À¯ÀÍÇÏ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¸ÀÏ ³× ¿À¸¥¼ÕÀÌ
³Ê·Î ½ÇÁ·ÄÉ Çϰŵç Âï¾î ³»¹ö¸®¶ó ³× ¹éü Áß¿¡ Çϳª°¡
¾ø¾îÁö°í ¿Â ¸öÀÌ Áö¿Á¿¡ ´øÁö¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ
À¯ÀÍÇϴ϶ó.¡¯ |
|
Matt. v. 31-2: 'It was said also, Whosoever shall put away his wife,
let him give her a writing of divorcement [Deut. xxiv. i]. But I say unto
you, everyone that putteth away his wife [besides the sin of adultery,
gives her cause to commit adultery], and whosoever shall marry her that is
put away committeth adultery.' |
¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 31Àý¿¡ ¡®¶ÇÇÑ ±â·ÏµÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï, ´©±¸µçÁö
¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®°Åµç ÀÌÈ¥ Áõ¼¸¦ ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª[½Å¸í±â
24Àå 1Àý], ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ´©±¸µçÁö [À½ÇàÇÑ
¿¬°í¾øÀÌ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®¸é ÀÌ´Â Àúµµ °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀÌ¿ä],
¶Ç ´©±¸µçÁö ¹ö¸° ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚµµ
°£À½ÇÔÀ̴϶ó.¡¯ |
|
The meaning of these words appeared to me to be this: a man should not
admit even the thought that he can have connexion with any woman but the
one with whom he first has sexual relations, and must never change her for
another as was per¡©mitted by the Mosaic law. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸»µéÀÇ Àǹ̴ ³»°Ô ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¸¿´´Ù: ³²ÀÚ´Â
±×°¡ Á¦ÀÏ Ã³À½ ¼º °ü°è¸¦ °¡Áø ¿©¼º ¿Ü¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í
°áÇÕÇÒ »ý°¢Á¶Â÷ ÀÎÁ¤Çؼ´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ
À²¹ý¿¡¼ Çã¿ëµÇ´ø °Íó·³ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¿©¼ºÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¿©¼º°ú
¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
As in the First Commandment against anger we are advised to extinguish
anger at its commence¡©ment, advice that is illustrated by the comparison
with a man brought before a court of justice, so here Christ says that
adultery arises from the fact that women and men regard each other as
objects of desire. That this may not be so it is necessary to remove all
that might arouse lust. One must avoid all that evokes lust, and having
once united oneself with a woman must under no circumstances aban¡©don
her, for the abandonment of wives causes de¡©pravity. The abandoned wives
tempt other men and spread depravity abroad in the world. |
ºÐ³ë¸¦ ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â Á¦ 1 °è¸í¿¡¼, ¹ýÁ¤¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁö´Â
»ç¶÷°úÀÇ ºñ±³¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿¹°¡ ÁÖ´Â Ãæ°í¿Í °°ÀÌ, ¿ì¸®°¡
ºÐ³ë°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ºÐ³ë¸¦ ²ô¶ó´Â ±Ç°í¸¦ ¹Þ´Â
°Íó·³, ¿©±â¿¡¼ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿©ÀÚµé°ú ³²ÀÚµéÀÌ
¼·Î¸¦ ¿å¸ÁÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼ °£À½ÀÌ
»ý±ä´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ »ý±âÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á¸é Á¤¿åÀ»
ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Á¤¿åÀ»
ºÒ·¯¿À´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇØ¾ß Çϸç, ÀÏ´Ü ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í
°áÇÕÇÑ ÀÌ»ó ¾î¶² »óȲ¿¡¼µµ ±×³à¸¦ ¹ö·Á¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸²Àº Ÿ¶ôÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¹ö·ÁÁø ¾Æ³»´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³²ÀÚ¸¦ À¯È¤ÇÏ°í ³Î¸® ¼¼»ó¿¡
Ÿ¶ôÀ» ÆÛ¶ß¸°´Ù. |
|
The wisdom of this commandment impressed me. It removes all the evil
that flows from sexual rela¡©tions. Men and women, knowing indulgence in
sexual relations to lead to strife, should avoid all that evokes desire;
and, knowing it to be the law of man's nature to live in couples, should
unite with one another in couples and never under any cir¡©cumstances
infringe these alliances; so that the whole evil of strife caused by
sexual relations is removed by the fact that there are no solitary men or
women left deprived of married life. |
ÀÌ °è¸íÀÇ ÁöÇý´Â ³ª¸¦ °¨µ¿½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¼º
°ü°è¿¡¼ Èê·¯ ³ª¿À´Â ¸ðµç ¾ÇµéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù. ³²ÀÚµé°ú
¿©ÀÚµéÀº, ¼º °ü°è¿¡ Ž´ÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒȸ¦ ºÒ·¯¿À´Â
°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, Á¤¿åÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ»
ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í, ÇÑ ½ÖÀ¸·Î »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ
º»´ÉÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼·Î°¡ ÇÑ
½ÖÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¾î¶² »óȲ¿¡¼µµ ÀÌ·± °áÇÕµéÀ»
ħ¹üÇØ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù; ±×·¡¼ ¼º °ü°è¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â
ºÒÈ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀº, °áÈ¥ »ýȰÀ» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ Ã¼
»ì¾Æ°¡´Â °íµ¶ÇÑ ³²ÀÚµéÀ̳ª ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ
¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼ Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù. |
|
But the words which had always surprised me when reading the Sermon on
the Mount, except for the sin of adultery, understood in the sense
that a man may divorce his wife if she has committed adultery, now struck
me yet more forcibly. |
±×·±µ¥ ³»°¡ »ê»ó¼öÈÆÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¶§¸é ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ª¸¦
³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏ´ø ¸»ÀÎ, ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í ¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»Àº,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×³à°¡ °£À½À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇØµµ
ÁÁ´Ù´Â Àǹ̷ΠÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¼, Áö±Ý ³ª¿¡°Ô ÈξÀ ´õ °ÇϰÔ
Ãæ°ÝÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. |
|
In addition to the fact that there is something undignified in the way
of expressing this thought, putting this strange exception to the general
rule (which is introduced like a note to a paragraph of a code of laws)
beside profoundly important truths, the exception itself contradicts the
fundamental thought. |
ÀÌ·± »ç»óÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼ ¹«°Ô¾ø´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©¼, °¡Àå ½É¿ÀÇÑ Áø¸®µé ¿·¿¡
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ÀÌ»óÇÑ(¹ý·ü Á¶Ç×ÀÇ ´Ü¶ô¿¡
´Ü¼Ã³·³ »ðÀÔµÈ) ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ µÎ´Â °Í, Áï ¿¹¿Ü ±× ÀÚü°¡
±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ »ç»ó¿¡ ¸ð¼øµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
I turned to the commentators, and they all (St. John Chrysostom and the
others), and even the learned theological critics such as Reuss, admitted
that these words meant that Christ sanctions divorce in case of a wife's
adultery, and that in Matt. xix in Christ's remarks forbidding divorce,
the words 'except for fornication' mean the same thing. I read and
re-read chapter v. 32, and it seemed to me that it could not mean an
approval of divorce. To verify this I referred to the contexts, and found
in the Gospels of Matt. xix, Mark x, and Luke xvi, and in the First
Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, an explanation of the teaching of
marriage inviola¡©bility without any exceptions. |
³ª´Â ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µé ¸ðµÎ(¼º
Å©¸®¼½ºÅè°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé), ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ·ÎÀ̽º °°Àº
ÇнÄÀÖ´Â ½ÅÇÐ ºñÆò°¡µéµµ, ÀÌ ¸»Àº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¾Æ³»°¡
°£À½ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌÈ¥À» Çã¶ôÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 19Àå 9ÀýÀÇ
ÀÌÈ¥À» ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÎ, ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ
¿¬°í¿Ü¿¡¡¯µµ ¶È °°Àº Àǹ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â 5Àå 32ÀýÀ»
ÀÐ°í ¶Ç Àоú´Ù, ±×·¯ÀÚ ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌÈ¥À» ½ÂÀÎÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ´À²¸Á³´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ ³ª´Â
¹®¸ÆµéÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 19Àå, ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 10Àå,
±×¸®°í ´©°¡º¹À½ 16Àå µîÀÇ º¹À½¼¿¡¼ ±×¸®°í
°í¸°µµÀü¼¿¡¼, ¾î¶² ¿¹¿Üµµ ¾øÀÌ °áÈ¥ÆÄ±â´Â
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
In Luke xvi. 18 it is said: 'Every one that putteth away his wife,
and marrieth another, committeth adultery: and he that marrieth one that
is put away from a husband committeth adultery.' |
´©°¡º¹À½ 16Àå 18Àý¿¡¼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡®¹«¸© ±×
¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ µ¥ Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚµµ °£À½ÇÔÀÌ¿ä ¹«¸©
¹ö¸®¿î ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚµµ °£À½ÇÔÀ̴϶ó.¡¯ |
|
In Mark x. 5-12 it is also said, without any ex¡©ception: 'For your
hardness of heart Moses wrote this commandment. But from the beginning of
the creation, male and female made he them. For this cause shall a man
leave his father and mother, and cleave unto his wife; and the twain shall
become one flesh: so that they are no more twain, but one flesh. What
therefore God hath joined together let no man put asunder. And in the
house his disciples asked him again of this matter. And he said unto them,
Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery
against her. And if she herself shall put away her husband, and be married
to another, she committeth adultery.' The same is repeated in Matt. xix.
4-9. |
¸¶°¡º¹À½10Àå 5~12Àý¿¡µµ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿¹¿Üµµ ¾øÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼ ÀúÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£½ÃµÇ ³ÊÈñ ¸¶À½ÀÇ
¿Ï¾ÇÇÔÀ» ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´°Å´Ï¿Í
âÁ¶½Ã·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀúÈñ¸¦ ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µå¼ÌÀ¸¸ç
ÀÌ·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±× ºÎ¸ð¸¦ ¶°³ª¼ ±× µÑÀÌ ÇÑ ¸öÀÌ
µÉÁö´Ï¶ó. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑÁï ÀÌÁ¦ µÑÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¿ä ÇÑ ¸öÀÌ´Ï
±×·¯¹Ç·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ Â¦Áö¾î ÁֽаÍÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ª´©Áö
¸øÇÒÂî´Ï¶ó ÇϽôõ¶ó Áý¿¡¼ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ÀÌ ÀÏÀ»
¹¯Àڴµ¥ À̸£½ÃµÇ ´©±¸µçÁö ±× ¾Æ³»¸¦ ³»¾î ¹ö¸®°í
´Ù¸¥µ¥ Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚ´Â º»Ã³¿¡°Ô °£À½À» ÇàÇÔÀÌ¿ä ¶Ç
¾Æ³»°¡ ³²ÆíÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ´Ù¸¥µ¥·Î ½ÃÁý°¡¸é °£À½À»
ÇàÇÔÀ̴϶ó.¡¯ ¸¶Å¸ñÀ½19Àå 9Àýµµ ÀÌ¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ
±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
In the First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, vii. 1-12, the idea of
forestalling depravity by each husband and wife, when once they have
united, not abandoning one another, but satisfying one another in sexual
relations is developed. It is also plainly said that neither of them must
on any account desert the other to have relations with someone else. |
°í¸°µµ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° ¼ÇÑ, 7Àå
1~12Àý¿¡¼, ³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»·Î¼ ÇÑ ¹ø °áÇÕÇÏ¸é ¼·Î¸¦
¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê°í, ¼º °ü°è¿¡¼ ¼·Î¸¦ ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á, °¢±â
³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Å¸¶ôÀ» ¹Ì¿¬¿¡ ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ
Àü°³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À Æíµµ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼µçÁö
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú °ü°èµéÀ» °¡Áö±â À§Çؼ »ó´ë¹æÀ»
¹ö·Á¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù°í ¸í¹éÈ÷ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
By Mark, Luke, and Paul's Epistle divorce is not sanctioned. The
sense of the explanation that a husband and a wife are one flesh, united
by God- an explanation repeated in two of the Gospels- does not sanction
divorce. By Christ's whole teaching which bids us forgive all and makes
no exception in the case of an unfaithful wife, divorce is not sanctioned.
The meaning of the whole passage, which explains that the dismissal of a
wife is the cause of depravity, gives it no sanction. |
¸¶°¡º¹À½, ´©°¡º¹À½, ±×¸®°í ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¼ÇÑ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé
ÀÌÈ¥Àº Àý´ë·Î ¿ë³³µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»´Â ÇÑ
¸öÀ̸ç, Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ °áÇյǾú´Ù´Â ¼³¸íÀÇ ÀǹÌ- µÎ
º¹À½¼¿¡¼ µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ´Â ¼³¸í- ´Â ÀÌÈ¥À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¿ë¼Ç϶ó°í Çϸç Ÿ¶ôÇÑ
¾Æ³»ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡¼µµ ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Àüü
°¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼, ÀÌÈ¥Àº Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Àüü ±¸ÀýÀÇ
Àǹ̴Â, ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸²ÀÌ Å¸¶ôÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇϰí
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌÈ¥À» °áÄÚ Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
On what is the interpretation based which sanc¡©tions divorce from an
adulterous wife? Only on the words in Matt. v. 32, which seemed to me so
strange. They are interpreted by everyone to mean that Christ sanctions
divorce if a wife commits adultery, and these same words are repeated in
many of the copies of the Gospels and by many Fathers of the Church
instead of the words except for fornication (Matt. xix. 5-9). |
°£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»¿ÍÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥À» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ÇØ¼®Àº ¹«¾ùÀ»
±Ù°Å·Î Çϰí Àִ°¡? ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 32ÀýÀÇ ¸»µéÀ̸ç,
±× ¸»Àº ³»°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ³»°¡ °£À½Á˸¦ ¹üÇϸé
±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÌÈ¥À» Çã¿ëÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ÇØ¼®µÇ¸ç, ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ
¿¬°í ¶§¹®¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â ¸» ´ë½Å¿¡, ÀÌ¿Í ¶È °°Àº ¸»µéÀÌ
¸¹Àº ¼º¼ »çº»µé°ú ¸¹Àº ±³ºÎµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹Ýº¹µÈ´Ù. |
|
Again I began to consider these words, but it was long before I could
understand them. I saw that there must be a mistake in translation and
inter¡©pretation, but where the mistake lay I was long unable to discover.
The mistake was evident. Con¡©trasting his commandment with the law of
Moses under which any man, as is there said, who hates his wife, can
dismiss her and give her a writing of divorcement, Christ says: 'But
I say unto you, that everyone that putteth away his wife, saving for the
cause of fornication [or, besides the cause of fornication],
causeth her to commit adultery.' These words present no antithesis
to the Mosaic law, nor even any decision as to whether one may, or may
not, divorce. It is only said that putting away a wife gives her occasion
to commit adultery. |
³ª´Â ´Ù½Ã ÀÌ ¸»µéÀ» °ËÅäÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡
±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ±îÁö´Â ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É·È´Ù. ³ª´Â
¹ø¿ª°ú ÇØ¼®¿¡¼ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾ÒÀ¸³ª,
¾îµð¿¡ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
¿À·ù´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸í°ú, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹Ì¿öÇÏ´Â ´©±¸¶óµµ, ±â·ÏµÈ °Íó·³, ¾Æ³»¸¦
¹ö¸®°í ÀÌÈ¥ Áõ¼¸¦ ÁÖ´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ´ëºñÇϸé¼,
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í
¾øÀÌ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ´Â Àúµµ °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀÌ¿ä.¡¯
ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý°ú ¾Æ¹«·± ´ëÁ¶°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌÈ¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸²Àº ±×³à¿¡°Ô °£À½ÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ Áشٰí
¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
And then suddenly an exception is made in the case of a wife guilty of
adultery. This exception concerning a wife guilty of adultery when the
matter in hand related to the husband, would in any case be strange and
unexpected, and occurring where it does it is simply stupid, for it
destroys even such doubtful meaning as the verse otherwise had. It is said
that putting away a wife occasions her to commit adultery, and it then
allows you to put away a wife guilty of adultery; as though a wife guilty
of adultery will then no longer commit adultery. |
±×·±µ¥ °©Àڱ⠰£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù.
´« ¾ÕÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ³²Æí°ú °ü·ÃµÈ °æ¿ì ¾Æ³»ÀÇ °£À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀÌ·± ¿¹¿Ü´Â ¾î·µç ÀÌ»óÇϰí ÀÇ¿ÜÀÏ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀÌ
³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °÷¿¡¼´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾î¸®¼®¾î º¸ÀδÙ, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé
±× ¿¹¿Ü´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ±× ±¸ÀýÀÌ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ø
Àǽɽº·¯¿î ÀǹÌÁ¶Â÷ ÆÄ±«Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ³»¸¦
¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀº ±×³à¿¡°Ô °£À½ÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁØ´Ù, ±×¸®°í
±×°ÍÀº ´Ù½Ã °£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù;
À̰ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ °£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ÀÌ»ó °£À½ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù. |
|
But, more than that, when I examined this passage more carefully I
noticed that it does not even make sense grammatically. It is said that everyone
that putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth
her to commit adultery, and the sentence ends! It refers to a man, and
says that if he puts away his wife he gives her occasion to commit
adultery. Why is it said, saving for the cause of the wife's adultery?
If it were said that a man divorcing his wife for any cause except her com¡©mission
of adultery, commits adultery, then the sentence would be correct. As it
is, to the gram¡©matical subject everyone that putteth away, there
is no predicate except causeth. How can that predicate relate to
the words saving for the cause of fornication? It is impossible to
'cause, saving for the wife's fornication'! Even if with the words
'saving for the cause of fornication' were included the words 'the
wife's', or 'her' (which is not done), even then those words could
not relate to the predicate 'causeth'. These words in the accepted
interpretation are related to the predicate, putteth away, but putteth
away is not the chief predicate: the chief predicate is causeth.
Why is 'except for the cause of fornication' wanted? With adultery or
without it a husband who puts away his wife equally causeth. The ex¡©pression
reads as though someone were to say: 'Whoso depriveth his son of food,
except for [or besides] the sin of cruelty, causeth him to be cruel.'
Such an expression evidently cannot imply that the father may deprive his
son of food if the son is cruel. If it has any meaning it can only be that
the father who deprives his son of food, besides the sin of being cruel
himself, causes the son too to be cruel. So the Gospel expression would
have a meaning if, instead of the words the sin of fornication, it
read 'the sin of voluptuousness, dissoluteness, or anything of that
kind, expressing not an action but a quality. |
±×·¯³ª ±×°Í ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î, ³ª°¡ ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀ» Á»´õ ¼¼¹ÐÇϰÔ
Á¶»çÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ ±×°ÍÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ¹®¹ýÀûÀ¸·Îµµ Á¤È®ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷·È´Ù. ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í ¾øÀÌ ±×
¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ´Â Àú·Î °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀ̿䡯¶ó°í
µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿©±â¼ ¹®ÀåÀº ³¡³´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ³²ÆíÀ»
°¡¸®Å²´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù¸é ³²ÆíÀº
¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô °£À½À» ¹üÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁØ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ
¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇßÀ»±î? ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ³»°¡ °£À½ÇÔÀ»
Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Îµç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº,
°£À½À» ÀúÁö¸£´Â ÀÚÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, ¹®ÀåÀº
Á¤È®ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥, ¡®¹ö¸®´Â Àڴ¡¯ÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀû
Á־ ´ëÇØ¼, ¡®¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯¿Ü¿¡´Â ¼ú¾î°¡
¾ø´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ ¼ú¾î°¡ ¡®°£À½ÇÑ ¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â
¸»¿¡ ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¡®¾Æ³»ÀÇ °£À½ÇÑ ¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡,
¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù! ½ÉÁö¾î ¡®°£À½ÇÑ
¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»¿¡, ¡®¾Æ³»ÀÇ¡¯, ¶Ç´Â ¡®±×³àÀÇ¡¯
(±×·¸°Ô µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù)¶ó´Â ¸»µéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǴõ¶óµµ, ±×
¸»µéÀº ¼ú¾î ¡®¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯¿Í °ü°èµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â ÇØ¼®¿¡¼ ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ¼ú¾îÀÎ ¡®¹ö¸®´Ù¡¯¿Í
°ü°èµÇÁö¸¸, ¡®¹ö¸®´Ù¡¯´Â ÁÖµÈ ¼ú¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù:
ÁÖµÈ ¼ú¾î´Â ¡®¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¡®°£À½ÇÑ
¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯´Â ¿Ö ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀϱî? °£À½À» ÇÏ¿´µç
¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿´µç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â ³²ÆíÀº ¶È°°ÀÌ
°£À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀ» ÁØ´Ù. À§ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀº ¸¶Ä¡
´©±º°¡°¡ ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù: ¡®ÀÜÀÎÇÏ´Ù´Â
ÁË ¿Ü¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ´Â
±×¸¦ ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷
¸¸ÀÏ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÏ´Ù¸é ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ»
°ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶²
Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ»
°ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀÇ ÁË ¿Ü¿¡µµ,
¾Æµé ¿ª½Ã ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´ÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼
¸¸ÀÏ, ¡®°£À½ÀÇ ÁË¡¯¶ó´Â ¸» ´ë½Å¿¡, Á¤¿åÀÇ ÁË,
¹æÅÁÀÇ ÁË, ¶Ç´Â ±×·± Á¾·ùÀÇ ¸», Áï ÇàÀ§°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
¼ºÁúÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»·Î¼ ÀÐ´Â´Ù¸é º¹À½¼ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀº
Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
And I asked myself: Is it not simply said that he who puts away his
wife, besides being himself guilty of dissoluteness (since people divorce
one wife in order to take another), causes his wife also to com¡©mit
adultery? If the word 'fornication' in the text is expressed by a word
that may also mean dis¡©soluteness, the meaning is clear. |
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù: ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦
¹ö¸®´Â »ç¶÷Àº, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹æÅÁÇÏ´Ù´Â(¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº
´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥Çϱâ À§Çؼ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù)
ÁË ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ôµµ °£À½Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¸»°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ¸¸ÀÏ
¿øÀü¿¡¼ ¡®°£À½¡¯À̶õ ¸»ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¹æÅÁÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â
¸»·Î¼ Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù¸é, ±× Àǹ̴ ºÐ¸íÇØÁø´Ù. |
|
What has so often happened in such cases occurred again this time. The
text confirmed my supposition so that no further doubt about it was
possible. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÈçÈ÷ ÀÏ¾î ³ª´ø ÀÏÀÌ À̹ø¿¡µµ ´Ù½Ã
ÀϾ´Ù. ¿øÀüÀÌ ³ªÀÇ ÃßÁ¤À» È®½ÅÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î
±×·± ÃßÁ¤ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Àǽɵµ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù. |
|
The first thing that caught my eye on looking at the Greek text was
that the word
is translated by the same word
'fornication' that is used to translate the word,
, which
is quite a different word. But perhaps these words are synonymous, or are
used in the Gospels alterna¡©tively? I looked up all the dictionaries,
both the general dictionary and the Gospel dictionary, and I saw that the
word which corresponds to the Hebrew zono, and to
the Latin fornicatio, the Ger¡©man Hurerei, French libertinage,
and the English 'incontinence', has a most definite meaning, and never
in any dictionary has meant or can mean the act of fornication, adultere,
Ehebruch, as it is trans¡©lated. It means a sinful condition or
quality, and never an action, and should not be translated by
'fornication'. Moreover, I see that the word 'adultery', and 'to
commit adultery', is everywhere in the Gospels, and even in these
verses, represented by the word
. And I only had to correct
this evidently intentional error in translation for the meaning given by
the commentators on this passage and on the passage in chap. xix to become
quite impossible, and for it to become indubitable that
relates to the husband. |
±×¸®½º¾î ¿øÀüÀ» ÃÄ´Ùº¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ³ªÀÇ ½Ã¼±À» ²ö
ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °ÍÀº,
°¡,
»ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ¸»ÀÎ
¸¦
¹ø¿ªÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â, ¡®°£À½¡¯°ú ¶È °°Àº ¸»¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
¹ø¿ªµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº
µ¿ÀǾîÀ̰ųª, º¹À½¼¿¡¼ ´ëü¾î·Î¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀϱî?
³ª´Â ÀÏ¹Ý »çÀüÀº ¹°·Ð º¹À½ »çÀü±îÁö ¸ðµç »çÀüµéÀ»
ã¾Æ º¸¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©,
´Â,
È÷ºê¸®¾î·Î zono, ±×¸®°í ¶óƾ¾î·Î fornicatio,
µ¶ÀϾî·Î Hurerei, ºÒ¾î·Î libertinage, ¹× ¿µ¾î·Î incontinence¿Í
ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ¸Å¿ì ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¹ø¿ªµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, °áÄÚ ¾î¶² »çÀü¿¡¼µµ °£À½ ÇàÀ§,
adultere, Ehebruch¸¦ ÀǹÌÇ߰ųª ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Á˸¦ ÁöÀº »óųª ¼ºÁúÀ» ÀǹÌÇϸç,
°áÄÚ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¡®°£À½¡¯À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÉ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¡®°£À½¡¯, ±×¸®°í ¡®°£À½À» ÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â ¸»Àº
º¹À½¼ ¾î´À °÷¿¡³ª ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ·± ±¸Àý µé¿¡¼
¶ó´Â
¸»·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ³ª´Â ÀÌ ±¸Àý°ú 19ÀåÀÇ ±¸Àý¿¡
°üÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¼®°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÁÖ¾îÁø Àǹ̰¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÇȤÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁ®¼ °¡
³²Æí¿¡°Ô °ü·Ã µÇµµ·Ï, ¹ø¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÌ·± ¸í¹éÇÑ
ÀǵµÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹Ù·ÎÀâ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. |
|
The translation anyone knowing Greek would make is this:
-besides,
- the guilt,
- of dissoluteness,
-
causes,
- her,
- to commit adultery; and the result
is, word for word: 'he who puts away his wife, be¡©sides the sin of
dissoluteness, causes her to commit adultery.' |
´ÙÀ½Àº ±×¸®½º¾î¸¦ ¾Æ´Â ´©±¸¶óµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¹ø¿ªÀÌ´Ù:
-
À̿ܿ¡,
-
Á˾Ç,
¹æÁ¾ÀÇ,
-
¡¦ÇϰÔÇÏ´Ù,
-
±×³àÀÇ,
-
°£À½ÇÏ´Ù; °á°ú´Â
´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù: ¡®¹æÅÁÀÇ ÁË À̿ܿ¡ ¾Æ³»¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â
¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̴϶ó.¡¯ |
|
The same sense is found in ch. xix. One need but correct the erroneous
translation of the word , and replace the word
'fornication' by the word 'dissoluteness', for it to become plain
that the words:
cannot refer to the wife.
And as the words
can only mean
'besides the husband's sin of dissoluteness', so the
in ch. xix can only refer to the husband's
dissoluteness. The words are-
, word for word:
'if not from dissolute¡©ness.' And this meaning appears: that Christ,
replying in this passage to the belief of the Pharisees, who supposed that
if a man left his wife, not to live dissolutely but in order to marry
another woman, he was not committing adultery- Christ says that the leaving
of one's wife, i.e. the cessation of marital relations with her, even if
not occasioned by dis¡©soluteness, but done for the sake of marriage-
union
with another, is also adultery. And a plain meaning results which accords
with the whole teaching, with the context, with the grammar, and with
logic. |
¶È °°Àº Àǹ̰¡ 19Àå¿¡¼µµ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷
À߸øµÈ ¸»ÀÎ ÀÇ
À߸øµÈ ¹ø¿ªÀ» ±³Á¤Çϰí, ¡®°£À½¡¯À̶õ ¸»À» ¡®¹æÁ¾¡¯À¸·Î
¹Ù²Ù¸é,
´Â
¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½ÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇØÁø´Ù. ±×¸®°í
´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¡®³²ÆíÀÇ
¹æÅÁÇÑ ÁË¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¡¼ 19ÀåÀÇ
´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³²ÆíÀÇ
¹æÁ¾ÇÔÀ» °¡¸®Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº-
À̰í, ÇѸ¶µð·Î: ¡®¸¸ÀÏ
¹æÁ¾ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é¡¯À̶õ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ
±¸ÀýÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌ
±¸Àý¿¡¼, ¸¸ÀÏ ¹æÁ¾½º·´°Ô »ì·Á°í ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥
¿©ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÏ·Á°í, ³²ÆíÀÌ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¶°³´Ù¸é, ±×´Â
°£À½ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ´ë´äÇÑ
°ÍÀ¸·Î- ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Àڱ⠾Ƴ»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â °Í, Áï,
±×³à¿ÍÀÇ ºÎºÎ°ü°è¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, ½ÉÁö¾î ¹æÁ¾ÇÔÀÌ
¿øÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°úÀÇ °áÈ¥À» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î
ÇàÇØÁø´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¿ª½Ã °£À½ÇÔÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© Àüü ÀǹÌ, ¹®¸Æ, ¹®¹ý, ±×¸®°í ³í¸®¿Í
ÀÏÄ¡µÇ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ Àǹ̷Π±Í°áµÈ´Ù. |
|
And this clear and simple meaning, flowing from the words themselves
and from the whole teaching, I had to discover with the greatest
difficulty. In¡©deed, read the verse in German or in French, where it is
plainly said pour cause d'infidelite, and, a mains que
cela ne soit pour cause d'infidelite, and can you guess that it
means something quite different? The word parektov", which in
all the dictionaries means excepte, ausgenommen, besides, is
translated by a whole sentence- a mains que cela ne soit; the word porneiva"
is translated infidelite, Ehebruch, fornication. And on this
intentional perversion of the text rests an inter¡©pretation which
infringes the moral, religious, grammatical, and logical sense of
Christ's words. |
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸» ÀÚü·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸®°í Àüü Àǹ̷κÎÅÍ
Èê·¯ ³ª¿À´Â, ÀÌÅä·Ï ¸í·áÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÇÑ Àǹ̸¦, ³ª´Â
¾öû³ ¾î·Á¿ò ³¡¿¡ ¹ß°ßÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. Á¤¸», µ¶ÀϾ
ºÒ¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ ±¸ÀýÀ» Àо¶ó, ±×°÷¿¡´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ pour
cause d¡¯infidelite, ±×¸®°í, a
mains que cela ne soit pour cause d¡¯infidelite¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù,
±×·¯¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÁüÀÛÇÒ
¼ö Àְڴ°¡?
¶ó´Â
¸»Àº, ¸ðµç »çÀü¿¡¼ excepte, ausgenommen,
besides¸¦ ÀǹÌÇϴµ¥, Àüü ¹®Àå- a moins que cela ne soitÀ¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇ¸ç;
´Â
infidelite, Ehebruch,
°£À½À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± °íÀÇÀûÀÎ ¿ø¹®ÀÇ ¿Ö°î
À§¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÇ µµ´öÀû, Á¾±³Àû, ¹®¹ýÀû,
±×¸®°í ³í¸®Àû Àǹ̰¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Again I was confirmed in the terrible but joyful truth that the meaning
of Christ's teaching is plain and simple and its statements are
important, but that interpretations of it, based on a wish to justify
existing evil, have so obscured it that it has to be rediscovered with
difficulty. It became plain to me that if the Gospels had been discovered
half burnt or obliterated it would have been easier to recover their
meaning than it is now, when dishonest interpretations have been applied
to them with the direct purpose of perverting and hiding the meaning of
the teaching. In this case it was still plainer than in the former that
some private aim of justifying the divorce of some Ivan the Terrible had
been the reason for obscuring the whole doctrine of marriage. |
³ª´Â ´Ù½Ã, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÇϸç
±×ÀÇ ¸íÁ¦´Â Áß¿äÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀÇ ÇØ¼®µéÀº, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¾ÇÀ»
Á¤´çÈÇÏ·Á´Â Èñ¸Á À§¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í¼, °¡¸£Ä§À»
³Ê¹«³ª ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î¼ ¾î·Á¿ò ³¡¿¡ Àç¹ß°ßµÇ¾î¾ß
Çß´Ù´Â, ¹«¼·°íµµ ±â»Û Áø¸®¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ
º¹À½¼µéÀÌ Àý¹ÝÀÌ ºÒŸ°Å³ª Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é ±×°ÍµéÀÇ
Àǹ̸¦ µÇãÀ½ÀÌ, ºñ¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ ÇØ¼®µéÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ
Àǹ̸¦ ¿Ö°îÇÏ°í ¼û±â·Á´Â ³ë°ñÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëµÇ°í
ÀÖ´Â, Áö±Ýº¸´Ù´Â ½¬¿üÀ» °ÍÀÓÀÌ ³»°Ô ¸í¹éÇØÁ³´Ù. Æø±º
À̹ݰú °°Àº ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌÈ¥À» Á¤´çÈÇÏ·Á´Â ¾î¶²
°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀÌ °áÈ¥¿¡ °üÇÑ Àüü ±³¸®¸¦ È帮°Ô ÇÑ
ÀÌÀ¯°¡ µÇ¾î¿Ô´ø °ú°Åº¸´Ù´Â, ÀÌ °æ¿ì°¡ ÈξÀ ½¬¿ü´Ù. |
|
As soon as one rejects the commentaries, in place of what was obscure
and indefinite the definite and clear second commandment of Christ reveals
itself. |
¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÖ¼®µéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏÀÚ ¸¶ÀÚ, ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°í ¸·¿¬ÇÏ´ø
±¸Àý ´ë½Å¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÑ Á¦ 2ÀÇ °è¸íÀÌ
³ªÅ¸³´Ù. |
|
Do not make the desire for sexual relations into an amusement; let
every man, if he is not a eunuch- that is, if he needs sexual relations-
have a wife, and each wife a husband, and let the husband have
only one wife and the wife only one husband, and under no
pretext infringe the sexual union of one with the other. |
¼º °ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å±¸¸¦ Äè¶ôÀ¸·Î »ïÁö ¸»¶ó; ¸ðµç
³²ÀÚ°¡, ¸¸ÀÏ ¼ººÒ±¸°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é- Áï, ±×°¡ ¼º °ü°èµéÀ»
ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é- ¾Æ³»¸¦, °¢°¢ÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â ³²ÆíÀ» °¡Áö°Ô
Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ³²ÆíµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ±×¸®°í ¾Æ³»´Â
¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ³²ÆíÀ» °¡Áö°Ô Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ±¸½Ç·Îµµ
ÀüÀÚ¿Í ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ¼ºÀûÀÎ °áÇÕÀ» ÆÄ±«Çؼ´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. |
|
Immediately after the second commandment comes again a reference to the
ancient law, and the third commandment is set forth (Matt. v. 33-7):
'Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou
shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths
[Lev. xix. 12; Deut. xxiii. 21]: but I say unto you, Swear not at all;
neither by heaven, for it is God's throne: nor by the earth; for it is
his footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King.
Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair
white or black. But your speech shall be. Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for
whatsoever is more than these is of the evil one.' |
Á¦ 2 °è¸í¿¡ ¹Ù·Î µÚ ÀÌ¾î¼ ´Ù½Ã ¿¾ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÂüÁ¶°¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù, ±×¸®°í Á¦ 3ÀÇ °è¸íÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù (¸¶Åº¹À½
5Àå 33-7Àý): ¡®¶Ç ¿¾»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ ¹Ù Çê¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÏÁö
¸»°í ³× ¸Í¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÁÖ²² Áö۶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡
µé¾úÀ¸³ª[·¹À§±â19Àå 12Àý, ½Å¸í±â 23Àå 21Àý] ³ª´Â
³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï µµ¹«Áö ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»Âî´Ï Çϴ÷εµ
¸»¶ó ÀÌ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ º¸ÁÂÀÓÀÌ¿ä ¶¥À¸·Îµµ ¸»¶ó ÀÌ´Â
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ßµî»óÀÓÀÌ¿ä ¿¹·ç»ì·½À¸·Îµµ ¸»¶ó ÀÌ´Â Å«
ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ ¼ºÀÓÀÌ¿ä ³× ¸Ó¸®·Îµµ ¸»¶ó ÀÌ´Â ³×°¡ ÇÑ ÅÍ·°µµ
Èñ°í °Ë°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À̴϶ó. ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ÊÈñ ¸»Àº ¿Ç´Ù ¿Ç´Ù
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ç϶ó ÀÌ¿¡¼ Áö³ª´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÇÀ¸·Î
ÂѾƳª´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯ |
|
This passage when I had read it before had always perplexed me. It did
so, not by its obscurity (as did the passage about divorce), nor by contra¡©dicting
other passages (as did the sanction of anger with a cause), nor by the
difficulty of fulfilling it (as with the passage about offering the other
cheek); on the contrary, it perplexed me by its clearness, simplicity, and
ease. Side by side with rules the profundity and importance of which
terrified and touched me, one suddenly found such an un¡©necessary, empty,
easy rule, which was of no conse¡©quence to me or to others. As it was, I
swore neither by Jerusalem, nor by God, nor by anything else, and it cost
me no effort to abstain: besides which it seemed to me that whether I
swore or not could have no importance to anyone. And wishing to find an
explanation of this rule which perplexed me by its ease, I turned to the
interpreters; and this time the interpreters really helped me. |
ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀº ÀÌ Àü¿¡ ³»°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¶§¸é ¾ðÁ¦³ª
³ª¸¦ ´çȤÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀÇ ¸ðÈ£ÇÔµµ(ÀÌÈ¥¿¡
°üÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀÌ ±×·¨µíÀÌ), ´Ù¸¥ ±¸Àýµé°úÀÇ ¸ð¼øµµ(ÀÌÀ¯ÀÖ´Â
ºÐ³ëÀÇ Çã¶ô¿¡¼ ±×·¨µíÀÌ), ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÔÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òµµ(´Ù¸¥
»´À» ³»¹Ì´Â ±¸Àýó·³) ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù; ¹Ý´ë·Î, ±×°ÍÀº ±×
¸í·áÇÔ, ´Ü¼øÇÔ, ±×¸®°í Æí¾ÈÇÔÀ¸·Î ³ª¸¦ ´çȤÇϰÔ
ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½É¿ÀÇÔ°ú Áß¿äÇÔÀ¸·Î ³ª¸¦ ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏ°í °¨µ¿À»
ÁÖ´Â ±ÔÄ¢µé°ú ³ª¶õÈ÷ ÀÖ´Â, ¿ì¸®°¡ °©Àڱ⠱×Åä·Ï
ºÒÇÊ¿äÇϸç, °øÇãÇϰí, ½¬¿î ±ÔÄ¢À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í
±×°ÍÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Ù.
»ç½ÇÀº, ³ª´Â ¿¹·ç»ì·½À̳ª, Çϳª´Ô À̸§À̳ª, ´Ù¸¥
¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Îµµ ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ »ï°¡´Âµ¥
¾Æ¹«·± ³ë·Âµµ µéÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù: ±× »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³»°¡
´À³¢±â·Î´Â ³»°¡ ¸Í¼¼ÇϵçÁö ¸»µçÁö ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â
¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̵µ ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³Ê¹« ½¬¿î
¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³ª¸¦ ´çȤÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ»
ã°íÀÚ, ³ª´Â ÁÖ¼®°¡µé¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀ» ûÇß´Ù; ±×¸®°í ÀÌ
¹ø¿¡´Â Á¤¸»·Î ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
They all see in these words a confirmation of the third commandment of
Moses- not to swear by the name of God. They explain these words to mean
that Christ, like Moses, forbids us to pronounce God's name in vain. But
besides this the interpreters also explain that this law of Christ's-
not
to swear- is not always obligatory and does not relate at all to an oath
of loyalty which each citizen gives to those who hold authority; and texts
are selected from Holy Writ not to confirm the direct meaning of
Christ's injunction, but to prove that it may and should be disobeyed. |
±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ ¸»¿¡¼ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ Á¦ 3 °è¸í-
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
À̸§À¸·Î ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó- À» È®ÀÎÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ÀÌÇØÇß´Ù.
±×µéÀº ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡, ¸ð¼¼Ã³·³, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À̸§À» ÇêµÇÀÌ ºÎ¸£Áö ¸»¶ó°í ÇÔÀ»
ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©±â¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©¼
ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÀÌ À²¹ý- ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó- Àº
¾ðÁ¦³ª Àǹ«ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±Ç·ÂÀ» Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
°¢°¢ÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´Â Ãæ¼ºÀÇ ¼¾à°ú´Â ÀüÇô °ü°è
¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿ø¹®µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀÇ ¸í¹éÇÑ Àǹ̸¦
È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÌÇàÇÒ ¼ö µµ ÀÖ°í ÀÌÇàÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ ¼±Åõȴٰí
¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. |
|
It is said that Christ himself confirmed an oath in a court of law when
in reply to the High Priest's words, 'I adjure thee by the living
God', he replied, 'Thou hast said'. It is said that the apostle Paul
called God to witness the truth of his words, which is evidently the same
as an oath; it is said that oaths were enjoined by the law of Moses and
that God did not abolish these oaths; it is said that it is only vain,
pharisaical, hypocritical oaths that are abolished. |
±×¸®½ºµµ Àڽŵµ ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼ ¡®³ª´Â »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
À̸§À¸·Î ¸Í¼¼ÄÚ ³Ê¿¡°Ô ¸íÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â ´ëÁ¦»çÀåÀÇ ¸»¿¡,
¡®³ÊÈñ´Â ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ´ë´äÇß´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. »çµµ
¹Ù¿ïµµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸»ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ Áõ°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇØ Çϳª´ÔÀ»
ºÒ·¶À¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¸Í¼¼¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù;
¸Í¼¼´Â ¸ð¼¼°¡ ¸í·ÉÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÌ ¸Í¼¼µéÀ»
ÆóÁöÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù; ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇêµÇ¸ç, ¹Ù¸®»õÀεé°ú
°°Àº, À§¼±ÀûÀÎ ¸Í¼¼µéÀÌ ÆóÁöµÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
And on understanding the meaning and aim of these explanations I
understood that Christ's in¡©junction concerning oaths is not at all so
insignifi¡©cant, easy, and unimportant as it had seemed to me when, among
the oaths prohibited by Christ, I had not included oaths demanded by the
State. |
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ¼³¸íµéÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ¸ñÀûÀ» ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§,
±¹°¡°¡ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸Í¼¼µéÀ» ³»°¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» ¶§
³ª¿¡°Ô ´À²¸Á³´ø °Íº¸´Ù, ¸Í¼¼¿¡ °üÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
±ÝÁö°¡ °áÄÚ »ç¼Ò Çϰųª Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
|
And I asked myself: Is it not said here that the oath is also forbidden
for which the Church com¡©mentators are so anxious to make an exception?
Is not the oath here forbidden, that very oath without which the
separation of men into nations is im¡©possible and without which a
military class is im¡©possible? Soldiers are those who do all the
violence, and they call themselves 'the sworn'. Were I to ask the
Grenadier how he solves the contradiction between the Gospels and the
military code he would tell me that he has been sworn in: that is to say,
has taken an oath on the Gospels. Such replies have always been given me
by military men. So necessary is an oath for the organization of the
terrible evil which is produced by violence and war, that in France, where
Christianity is officially re¡©jected, the oath is nevertheless retained.
Indeed if Christ had not said 'Swear not at all', he ought to have
said it. He came to destroy evil, and had he not abolished the oath this
enormous evil would have remained in the world. Perhaps it will be said
that in the time of Christ that evil was not noticeable. But this is
untrue: Epictetus and Seneca spoke about not taking an oath to anyone; in
the laws of Manu that rule is found. Why should I say that Christ did not
see this evil? And especially when he said this so directly, clearly, and
even minutely. |
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â Àڽſ¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù: ¿©±â¿¡¼µµ ±³È¸ÀÇ
ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀÌ ±×Åä·Ï ¾Ö½á¼ ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸Í¼¼µµ
¶ÇÇÑ ±ÝÁöÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°Ú´Â°¡? ¿©±â¼µµ
¸Í¼¼´Â ±ÝÁöµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Â°¡, ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ±× ¸Í¼¼°¡
¾ø´Ù¸é »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¹°¡µé·Î ³ª´ ¼öµµ ¾ø°í, ±×°ÍÀÌ
¾ø´Ù¸é ±ºÀÎ °è±Þµµ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°Ú´Â°¡?
±ºÀεéÀº Æø·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº
½º½º·Î¸¦ ¡®¸Í¼¼ÇÑ ÀÚ¡¯¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡
±ÙÀ§º´¿¡°Ô º¹À½¼¿Í ±º¹ý »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô
ÇØ°áÇÏ´À³Ä°í ¹¯´Â´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í, Áï,
º¹À½¼¿¡ ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ°í ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Æø·Â°ú ÀüÀï¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »ý»êµÇ´Â ¹«¼¿î ¾ÇÀÇ Á¶Á÷À»
À§Çؼ ¸Í¼¼°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷÎ, ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼´Â ºñ·Ï
±âµ¶±³°¡ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ, ¸Í¼¼°¡
°¿äµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¡®µµ¹«Áö ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó¡¯°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶óµµ, ±×´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¸»ÇØ¾ß ÇßÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÇÀ» ¸ê¸Á½ÃŰ·¯ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿Ô´Ù, ±×·±µ¥µµ
±×°¡ ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÆóÁöÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ÀÌ ¾öû³ ¾ÇÀº ¼¼»ó¿¡
°è¼Ó Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
½ÃÀý¿¡´Â ±×·± ¾ÇÀÌ µÎµå·¯ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í
¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç½ÇÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù: ¿¡ÇÈÅ×Å佺¿Í
¼¼³×Ä«´Â ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸» °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ
¸»Çß´Ù; ¸¶´© ¹ýÀü¿¡µµ ÀÌ °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ. ³»°¡
¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÌ·± ¾ÇÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇß´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ
¼ö°¡ Àְڴ°¡? ±×¸®°í ƯÈ÷ ±×°¡ ÀÌ·± ¸í·ÉÀ» ±×Åä·Ï
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ̰í, ¸í·áÇϸç, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇßÀ½¿¡µµ
±×·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? |
|
He said: Swear not at all. That expression is as simple, clear,
and indubitable as the words 'Judge not and condemn not' and as little
susceptible of misinterpretation, especially as it is added in con¡©clusion,
that anything demanded of you beyond yes and no comes from
the source of evil. |
±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡®µµ¹«Áö ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó¡¯. ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÀº
¡®½ÉÆÇÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó ±×¸®°í Á¤ÁËÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó¡¯´Â ¸»Ã³·³
´Ü¼øÇϰí, ¸í·áÇϸç, È®½ÇÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ƯÈ÷
°á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î, ¡®¿¹¡¯ ±×¸®°í ¡®¾Æ´Ï¿À¡¯ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô¼ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÇÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â´Ù°í
µ¡ºÙÀÌ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, ¿ÀÇØÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
Really, if Christ's teaching is that one should always obey the will
of God, how can a man swear to obey the will of man? The will of God may
not coincide with the will of man. Indeed, in this very passage Christ
says that very thing. He says, Swear not by thy head, for not only thy
head but every hair of it, is in God's power. The same is said in the
Epistle of James. |
»ç½Ç, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ »ç¶÷Àº Ç×»ó
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, ¾îÂî »ç¶÷ÀÇ
ÀÇÁö¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ¸Í¼¼ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¶æÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿Í ÀÏÄ¡µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡¼
±×¸®½ºµµ Àڽŵµ ¹Ù·Î ±×¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®³×
¸Ó¸®·Îµµ ¸»¶ó, ÀÌ´Â ³×°¡ ÇÑ ÅÍ·°µµ Èñ°í °Ë°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö
¾øÀ½ÀÌ¶ó¡¯°í ±×´Â ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
At the end of his Epistle, in conclusion, the Apostle James says (ch.
v. 12): But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by the
heaven, nor by the earth, nor by any other oath: but let your yea be yea,
and your nay, nay; that ye fall not under judgment. The Apostle says
plainly why one should not swear: the oath by itself appears innocent, but
from it people fall under judgment, and therefore swear not at all. How
could what is said both by Christ and by the Apostle be said more plainly? |
°á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î, »çµµ ¾ß°íº¸´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼ÇÑÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡¼
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(¾ß°íº¸¼ 5Àå 12Àý): ¡®³»
ÇüÁ¦µé¾Æ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»Âî´Ï Çϴ÷γª
¶¥À¸·Î³ª ¾Æ¹« ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Îµµ ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»°í ¿ÀÁ÷
³ÊÈñÀÇ ±×·¸´Ù ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±×·¸´Ù ÇÏ°í ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇÏ¿© ÁËÁ¤ÇÔÀ» ¸éÇ϶ó.¡¯ »çµµ ¾ß°íº¸´Â
¿ì¸®°¡ ¿Ö ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù:
¸Í¼¼ ±× ÀÚü´Â Á˰¡ ¾Æ´ÒÁö ¸ð¸£³ª ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼
¿ì¸®´Â ½ÉÆÇÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î µµ¹«Áö ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó. ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í »çµµ°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °Í ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ´õ ºÐ¸íÇÑ
°ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? |
|
But I had been so entangled that I long asked myself in astonishment:
Can it be that it means what it does mean? How is it that we are all made
to swear on the Gospels? It is impossible! |
±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ´çÈ²ÇØ¼ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ³î¶ó¿ò
¼Ó¿¡¼ ½º½º·Î ¹°¾ú´Ù: ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ
¶æÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ º¹À½¼¿¡ ¼ÕÀ»
¾ñ°í ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϴ°¡? ±×°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù! |
|
But I had already read the commentators and had seen how this
impossibility was accomplished. As with the explanations of the words,
Judge not, do not be angry with anybody, do not break the bond of husband
and wife, so also here. We have established our ways of life, we like them
and wish to consider them sacred. Then comes Christ, whom we consider to
be God, but we do not wish to aban¡©don our ways of life. What are we to
do? Where possible, slip in the words without a cause, and reduce
the rule against anger to nothing; where possible, like the most
unscrupulous of unjust judges, inter¡©pret the meaning of the articles of
the law so as to make it mean the very reverse, and that instead of a
command never to divorce one's wife it should mean that one may divorce
her. And where, as in the case of the words Judge not, and condemn not,
and swear not at all, it is quite impossible to misinterpret, act
boldly and directly contrary to the teaching, affirming that we are
obeying it. Indeed the chief obstacle to understanding that the Gospels
forbid every vow, and especially every oath of allegiance, is that pseudo-
Christian teachers with extraordinary effrontery oblige men, on the
Gospels themselves, to swear by the Gospels- that is to say, oblige them to
do what is contrary to the Gospels. |
±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ÁÖÇØ¼µéÀ» ÀоúÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·±
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÔÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ¡®½ÉÆÇÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó,
´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ºÐ³ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»ÀÇ °áÇÕÀ»
ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó¡¯ÀÇ ÇØ¼®µéó·³, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿©±âµµ ¿ª½Ã
¸¶Âù°¡Áö ¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµéÀ»
È®¸³ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°Íµé¿¡ ¾ÖÂøÀ» ´À³¢¸ç
½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿Â´Ù, ±×´Â
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë±â·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ
¹æ½ÄµéÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡?
°¡´ÉÇÑ °÷¿¡ ¡®ÀÌÀ¯ ¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»À» »ðÀÔÇÏ¿©
ºÐ³ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢À» ¹«»ê½ÃÄѶó; °¡´ÉÇÑ °÷¿¡, ¸¶Ä¡
ÆíÆÄÀûÀÎ ¹ý°üµé °°ÀÌ °¡Àå ºñ¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ
»ç¶÷µéó·³, À²¹ýÀÇ Á¶Ç×µéÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ Á¤¹Ý´ë¸¦
ÀǹÌÇϵµ·Ï ÇØ¼®ÇÏ¿©¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿Í °áÄÚ ÀÌÈ¥ÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó´Â ¸í·É ´ë½Å¿¡ ÀÌÈ¥ÇØµµ ÁÁ´Ù°í Ç϶ó. ±×¸®°í, ¡®½ÉÆÇÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó, Á¤ÁËÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ±×¸®°í °áÄÚ ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó¡¯ÀÇ
°æ¿ìó·³, ¿Ö°îÇϱⰡ °ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °÷¿¡¼´Â, ¿ì¸®°¡
±×°ÍÀ» ÁؼöÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϸé¼, ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô ±×¸®°í
Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇൿÇ϶ó. Áø½Ç·Î º¹À½¼°¡
¸ðµç ¸Í¼¼¸¦, ƯÈ÷ ¸ðµç Ãæ¼ºÀÇ ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ±ÝÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
ÀÌÇØÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÁÖµÈ Àå¾Ö´Â, °ÅÁþ ±âµ¶±³ ±³»çµéÀÌ
´ë´ÜÇÑ »·»·½º·¯¿òÀ¸·Î, º¹À½¼¿¡ ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ°í¼,
º¹À½¼¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¸Í¼¼Çϵµ·Ï °¿äÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã
¸»Çϸé, ±×µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý º¹À½¼¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ»
ÇàÇϵµ·Ï °¿äÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
How can it occur to a man who is obliged to swear on a cross, or on the
Gospels, that the cross is sacred because on it he was crucified who
forbade us to swear, and that when taking an oath one perhaps kisses, as
what is sacred, the very place in the book where it clearly and definitely
says: Swear not at all. |
½ÊÀÚ°¡³ª º¹À½¼¿¡ ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ°í ¸Í¼¼ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô, ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ±ÝÁöÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸ø ¹ÚÇû±â
¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÊÀÚ°¡°¡ ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ ¾îÂî µé ¼ö
ÀÖ°ÚÀ¸¸ç, ¸Í¼¼¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§ ¾Æ¸¶µµ ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í Ű½ºÇÏ´Â
¹Ù·Î º¹À½¼ÀÇ ¹Ù·Î ±× °÷¿¡¼, ¡®µµ¹«Áö ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó¡¯°í ¸í·áÇÏ°í ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ
¾îÂî µé ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? |
|
But this effrontery no longer disconcerted me. I saw clearly that in
Matt. v, verses 33 to 37, a definite and practicable third commandment is
clearly expressed: Never take an oath to anyone, anywhere, about anything.
Every oath is extorted for evil ends. Following this third commandment
comes a fourth reference and a fourth command¡©ment (Matt. v. 38-42; Luke
vi. 29, 30): 'Ye have heard that it was said, An eye for an eye, and a
tooth for a tooth: but I say unto you. Resist not him that is evil: but
whosoever smiteth thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. And
if any man would go to law with thee, and take away thy coat, let him have
thy cloak also. And whosoever shall compel thee to go one mile, go with
him twain. Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would
borrow of thee turn not thou away.' |
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± »·»·½º·¯¿òÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ³ª¸¦ ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 33~37¿¡¼, ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°í ½ÇÇà
°¡´ÉÇÑ Á¦ 3ÀÇ °è¸íÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù: ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª, ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼³ª, ¾î´À °Í¿¡
´ëÇØ¼µµ ¸Í¼¼ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ¸ðµç ¸Í¼¼´Â ¾ÇÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î
°Á¦µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº 3ÀÇ °è¸í¿¡ µÚÀÌ¾î¼ ³× ¹øÂ°
ÂüÁ¶¿Í Á¦ 4 °è¸íÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù(¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 38-42Àý;
´©°¡º¹À½ 6Àå 29,30Àý): ¡®´«Àº ´«À¸·Î, ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·Î °±À¸¶ó
ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡ µé¾úÀ¸³ª ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô
À̸£³ë´Ï ¾ÇÇÑÀÚ¸¦ ´ëÀûÄ¡ ¸»¶ó. ´©±¸µçÁö ³× ¿À¸¥Æí
»´À» Ä¡°Åµç ¿ÞÆíµµ µ¹·Á´ë¸ç, ¶Ç ³Ê¸¦ ¼Û»çÇÏ¿© ¼Ó¿ÊÀ»
°¡Áö°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô °Ñ¿Ê±îÁöµµ °¡Áö°Ô ÇÏ¸ç ¶Ç
´©±¸µçÁö ³Ê·Î ¾ïÁö·Î ¿À¸®¸¦ °¡°Ô ÇÏ°Åµç ±× »ç¶÷°ú
½Ê¸®¸¦ µ¿ÇàÇÏ°í ³×°Ô ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô °ÅÀýÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.¡¯ |
|
I have already spoken of the direct and definite meaning of these words
and of the fact that we have no right to give them an allegorical
interpretation. The commentaries on these words, from St. John Chrysostom
till today, are truly amazing. These words please everybody, and in
references to them they make all kinds of profound conjectures, ex¡©cepting
one only, namely, that the words have their plain meaning. The Church
commentators, not at all embarrassed by the authority of him whom they
call God, most calmly restrict the meaning of his words. They say: 'It
is, of course, understood that all these commandments about enduring
wrongs, about renouncing revenge, are in fact directed against the Jewish
spirit of relentlessness, and do not prohibit either public measures for
restricting evil and punishing evil-doers, or the private, personal
exertions and efforts of each individual to maintain the inviolability of
his rights, to correct wrong¡©doers, and to deprive ill-intentioned men of
the possibility of harming others; for otherwise the spiritual laws of the
Saviour would themselves in the Jewish way become mere words, and might
serve to promote the success of evil and the sup¡©pression of virtue. A
Christian's love should be like God's love; but the divine love
refrains from limiting and punishing evil only so long as it remains
within limits more or less innocuous to God's glory and to the safety of
one's neighbors; in the contrary case evil should be limited and
punished, a duty which is specially incumbent on the Government.' (The
Annotated Gospel of the Archimandrite Michael, which is all based
on the commentaries of the Fathers of the Church.) The learned and
free-thinking Christians are also not embarrassed by the meaning of
Christ's words and correct him. They say that this is a very lofty
saying, but one lacking in any possible application to life; for an
application to life of the law of non-resistance to evil destroys the
whole order of life which we have so admirably arranged: so say Renan,
Strauss, and all the free-thinking commentators. |
³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÌ·± ¸»µéÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÌ¸ç ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Àǹ̿Í
¿ì¸®´Â ±×°Íµé¿¡ ¾î¶² ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ ÇØ¼®À» ºÎ¿©ÇÒ ¾Æ¹«·±
±Ç¸®µµ ¾øÀ½À» ¸»Çß´Ù. Å©¸®¼½ºÅèºÎÅÍ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡
À̸£±â±îÁö, ÀÌ ¸»µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÇØµéÀº Áø½Ç·Î ³î¶ó¿î
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» Áñ°Ì°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù, ±×¸®°í
´Ü ÇѰ¡Áö, Áï ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ °¡Áø ¸í¹éÇÑ Àǹ̸¦
Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â, ÀÌ ¸»µéÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿©, ¿Â°® ½É¿ÀÇÑ ¾ïÃøµéÀ»
¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀº, ±×µéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀ̶ó°í
ÀÏÄ´ ºÐÀÇ ±Ç´É¿¡ ÀüÇô ±¸¾Ö¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í, ¾ÆÁÖ Å¿¬ÇϰÔ
±×ÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®¹°·Ð,
¸ð¿åÀ» Âü°í, º¹¼ö¸¦ Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ ¸ðµç
°è¸íµéÀº »ç½Ç À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ¹«ÀÚºñÇÑ »ý°¢µéÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÔ¿¡
ÁßÁ¡À» µÐ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾Ç¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÇϰí, ¹üÁËÀÚµéÀ» ó¹úÇϱâ
À§ÇÑ °øÀûÀÎ ¼ö´Üµé°ú, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡Ä§ÀÇ ±Ç¸®µéÀ»
À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ »çÀûÀÌ¸ç °³ÀÎÀûÀΠȰµ¿µé°ú ³ë·Âµé,
¾ÇÀεéÀ» ±³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Í ±×¸®°í ¾ÇÇÑ Àǵµ¸¦ °¡Áø
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇØÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ»
¹ÚÅ»ÇÔÀ» ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù;
¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ À²¹ýµé ÀÚüµµ
À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ¹æ½Äó·³ Æò¹üÇÑ ¸»µé·Î º¯ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾ÇÀÇ
¼º°ø°ú ¼±ÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦¸¦ Á¶ÀåÇÔ¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̱â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ »ç¶ûÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª Çϳª´ÔÀÇ »ç¶ûÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ±¤°ú
ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÇØ·Î¿òÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ¿¡¼¸¸ ¾ÇÀ»
Á¦ÇÑÇϰí ó¹úÇÔÀ» »ï°¡ÇÑ´Ù; ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾ÇÀº
¹Ýµå½Ã Á¦Çѵǰí ó¹úµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀº Ưº°È÷
Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸Ã°í ÀÖ´Â Àǹ«ÀÌ´Ù. (´ë ¼öµµ¿øÀå ¹ÌÄ«¿¤ÀÇ
ÁÖÇØ º¹À½¼¿¡¼ ÀοëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ ÁÖÇØ¼´Â ¸ðµÎ
±³ºÎµéÀÇ ÁÖÇØ¼¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù.) ÇÐ½Ä ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÚÀ¯
»ç»óÀ» °¡Áø ±âµ¶±³Àε鵵 ¿ª½Ã ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µé¿¡
´çȲÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¶â¾î °íÄ¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ¸Å¿ì
¼þ°íÇÑ ¸»ÀÌÁö¸¸ ½Ç»ýȰ¿¡ Àû¿ë °¡´É¼ºÀ» °á¿©ÇÑ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» »î¿¡
Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×Åä·Ï ÁغñÇÑ »îÀÇ Àüü Áú¼¸¦
ÆÄ±«Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; À̰ÍÀº ¸£³¶, ½ºÆ®¶ó¿ì½º, ±×¸®°í
¸ðµç ÀÚÀ¯»ç»óÀûÀÎ ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But one need only take the words of Christ as we take those of the
first man we meet and who speaks to us- that is to say, assume that he
means what he says- to do away with the necessity for any profound
conjectures. Christ says: I consider that your method of securing your
life is stupid and bad. I propose to you quite another method, as follows.
And he speaks the words given in Matt. v. 38-42. It would seem that before
correcting those words one should understand them. But that is just what
no one wishes to do, having decided in advance that the order of our life
which is infringed by those words is a sacred law of humanity. |
±×·¯³ª, ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ½É¿ÀÇÑ ¾ïÃø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çʿ並
¹þ¾î ³ª±â À§Çؼ, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ óÀ½ ¸¸³ª´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀ̵íÀÌ,
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀ̱⸸ ÇÏ¸é µÉ »ÓÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã
¸»Çϸé, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í
¿©±â¸é µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñÀÇ
»îÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾î¸®¼®°í ³ª»Ú´Ù°í
»ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ, ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥
¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 38-42Àý¿¡
ÁÖ¾îÁø ¸»µéÀ» À̾߱â ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ¸»¾¸µéÀ»
½ÃÁ¤Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í
»ý°¢µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº Á¤¸» ¾Æ¹«µµ ÇàÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ¸»¾¸µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÆÄ±«µÇ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
»îÀÇ Áú¼°¡ ÀηùÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÑ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¹Ì¸® °áÁ¤Çϱâ
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
I did not consider our life either good or sacred, and therefore
understood that commandment sooner than other people. And when I had
understood the words as they are spoken, I was amazed by their truth,
exactitude and clarity. Christ says: 'You wish to destroy evil by evil.
That is un¡©reasonable. That there should be no evil, do none.' And then
he enumerates the cases in which we are accustomed to do evil, and says
that in these cases it should not be done. |
³ª´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ¼±Çϰųª ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±âÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±× °è¸íµéÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ù »¡¸®
±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ¸»ÇÏ¿©Áø ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀ»
±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ³ª´Â ¸»¾¸ÀÇ Áø¸®, Á¤È®ÇÔ ±×¸®°í
¸í·áÇÔ¿¡ ³î¶ó¿Í Çß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³ÊÈñ´Â
¾ÇÀ» ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ÆÄ±«ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº
ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ¾ÇÀ» ¸ê¸Á½ÃŰ·Á°Åµç, ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.¡¯
±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ±×´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÔ¿¡ ½À°üȵÈ
°æ¿ìµéÀ» ¿°ÅÇϰí, ÀÌ·± °æ¿ìµé¿¡¼ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇØ¼´Â ¾È
µÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
This fourth commandment of Christ was the first I understood, and it
was the one which disclosed to me the meaning of all the others. This
fourth, simple, clear, practicable commandment says: Never resist the
evil-doer by force, do not meet violence with violence. If they beat you,
endure it; if they take your possessions, yield them up; if they compel
you to work, work; and if they wish to take from you what you consider to
be yours, give it up. |
¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÌ Á¦ 4 °è¸íÀº ³»°¡ Á¦ÀÏ Ã³À½ ±ú´ÞÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °è¸íµéÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³»°Ô ¹àÇô ÁØ
°ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. À̹øÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇϰí, ¸í·áÇϸç, ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¦ 4
°è¸íÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô °áÄÚ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î½á
´ëÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î½á Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëóÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ¸¸ÀÏ
±×µéÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ¶§¸°´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀ» ÂüÀ¸¶ó, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ
³ÊÀÇ Àç»êÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍµéÀ» ³»¾î ÁÖ¶ó; ¸¸ÀÏ
±×µéÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÀÏÀ» °¿äÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÀÏÀ» Ç϶ó; ±×¸®°í
¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ³ÊÈñ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀ»
°¡Áö°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀ» Æ÷±âÇ϶ó. |
|
And following that fourth commandment comes a fifth reference to the
old law, and the fifth com¡©mandment (Matt. v. 43-8): 'Ye have heard
that it was said, Thou shalt love thy neighbor, and hate thine enemy [Lev.
xix. 17, 18]: but I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse
you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully
use you, and persecute you; that ye may be sons of your Father which is in
heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and
sendeth rain on the just and the unjust. For if ye love them that love
you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? And if ye
salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? do not even the Gentiles
the same? Ye therefore shall be perfect, as your heavenly Father is
perfect.' |
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¦ 4 °è¸í ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿¾ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
´Ù¼¸¹øÂ°ÀÇ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, Á¦ 5 °è¸íÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù (¸¶Åº¹À½
5Àå 43-8Àý): ¡®¶Ç ³× ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ°í ³× ¿ø¼ö¸¦
¹Ì¿öÇ϶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡ µé¾úÀ¸´Ï[·¹À§±â 19Àå
17,18Àý]: ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿ø¼ö¸¦
»ç¶ûÇÏ¸ç ³ÊÈñ¸¦ Ç̹ÚÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇØ ±âµµÇ϶ó. À̰°ÀÌ
ÇÑÁï Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å ³ÊÈñ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ µÇ¸®´Ï ÀÌ´Â
Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±× ÇØ¸¦ ¾ÇÀΰú ¼±Àο¡°Ô ºñÃë°Ô ÇÏ½Ã¸ç ºñ¸¦
ÀǷοî ÀÚ¿Í ºÒÀÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ³»¸®¿ì½ÉÀ̴϶ó ³ÊÈñ°¡
³ÊÈñ¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ¸é ¹«½¼ »óÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸®¿ä
¼¼¸®µµ À̰°ÀÌ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´À³Ä ¶Ç ³ÊÈñ°¡ ³ÊÈñ ÇüÁ¦¿¡°Ô
¹®¾ÈÇÏ¸é ³²º¸´Ù ´õ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̳ª À̹æÀε鵵
À̰°ÀÌ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´À³Ä ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å ³ÊÈñ
¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿ÂÀüÇϽɰú °°ÀÌ ³ÊÈñµµ ¿ÂÀüÇ϶ó.¡¯ |
|
Those verses formerly seemed to me to be an explanation, completion,
and enforcement- I would even say an exaggeration- of the precept about not
resisting the evil-doer. But having found a simple, applicable, and
definite meaning in each passage that began with a reference to the
ancient law, I anticipated that the same would be the case here. After
each quotation a law was announced, and each verse of the commandment had
a meaning and could not be omitted, and so it should be here also. The
concluding words, repeated by Luke, that God does not make distinctions
between people but sends His blessings upon all, and that you therefore
should be like God, not making distinctions be¡©tween people, and should
not do as the Gentiles do, but should love all men and do good to all
alike- those words were clear, and they appeared to me to be like a
confirmation and explanation of some definite rule; but what that rule was
it was long before I could discern. |
±×µé ±¸ÀýµéÀº ³»°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô
ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â ±³ÈÆ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ̸ç, ¿Ï¼ºÀ̰í, °Çà-
³ª´Â
½ÉÁö¾î °úÀåµÈ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇßÀ» Á¤µµ´Ù- ÀÎ °Íó·³
´À²¸Á³¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¾ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÂüÁ¶·Î¼ ½ÃÀ۵ǴÂ
°¢°¢ÀÇ ±¸Àý¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¼øÇϰí, ½ÇÇà°¡´ÉÇϸç,
±×¸®°í ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´Ý°í¼, ³ª´Â ¿©±â¿¡¼µµ ¶È
°°Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇØ´çµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿¹»óÇß´Ù. °¢°¢ ¿¾ À²¹ý¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀοëÀÌ ÀÖÀº µÚ¿¡ »õ·Î¿î À²¹ýÀÌ ¼±Æ÷µÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î,
°è¸íÀÇ Á¦°¢±â ±¸ÀýÀº Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í »ý·«µÉ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀº ¿©±â¼µµ ¿ª½Ã ±×¿Í °°¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´©°¡°¡ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ¸é¼ °á·ÐÀûÀÎ ¸», Áï Çϳª´ÔÀº »ç¶÷µé
»çÀÌ¿¡ Â÷º°À» µÎÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±×ÀÇ ÃູÀ» ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸³»½Å´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ÊÈñ´Â Çϳª´Ôó·³,
»ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ Â÷º°À» µÎÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß Çϰí, À̹æÀεéó·³
Çàµ¿ÇØ¼µµ ¾ÈµÇ¸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇØ¾ß Çϰí, ±×µé
¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ¼±À» ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í- ±× ¸»µéÀº ¸í·áÇß´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍµéÀº ³»°Ô ¾î¶² ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®Àΰú
¼³¸íÀÎ °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ
¹«¾ùÀ̾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ ³»°¡ ¾Ë±â±îÁö´Â ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É·È´Ù. |
|
To love one's enemies. That seemed impossible. It was one of those
beautiful phrases which can only be regarded as indications of an
unattainable moral ideal. It was either too much, or nothing at all. One
could abstain from injuring an enemy, but to love him was impossible.
Christ could not prescribe an impossibility. Besides that, the very first
words, the reference to the ancient law, 'Ye have heard that it was
said: Thou shall hate thine enemy', were questionable. In
previous passages Christ quotes the actual, precise words of the Mosaic
law, but here he uses words which had never been uttered. He appears to
misrepresent the law. |
¿ø¼ö¸¦ »ç¶ûÇ϶ó! À̰ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÏÀÎ °Í °°¾Ò´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¿À·ÎÁö µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â µµ´öÀûÀÎ ÀÌ»óÀÇ
»ó¡µé·Î¸¸ ¿©°ÜÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì»ç¿©±¸ÀÇ Çϳª¿´À»
»ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ±¸ÇϵçÁö ±×·¸Áö
¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÀüÇô ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
Àû¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. ±×°Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿¾ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±Þ, Áï ¹Ù·Î
ù¹øÂ° ¸»µéÀÎ, ¡®³ÊÈñÀÇ ¿ø¼öÀ» ¹Ì¿öÇ϶ó´Â °ÍÀ»
³ÊÈñ´Â µé¾úÀ¸³ª¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»Àº Àǽɽº·¯¿ü´Ù. ÀÌÀüÀÇ
±¸Àýµé¿¡¼ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿¾ À²¹ý ±×´ë·Î¸¦ ÀοëÇÏ¿´À¸³ª,
¿©±â¼ ±×´Â ¸»ÇØÁø ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¸»µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °Í °°¾Æ º¸ÀδÙ. |
|
As in the case of my former perplexities, the com¡©mentaries on the
Gospels explained nothing to me. They all admit that the words, 'Thou
shalt hate thine enemy', do not occur in the Mosaic law, but no
explanation of this incorrect citation is given. They speak of the
difficulty of loving enemies and bad people; and in most cases they
correct Christ's words and say it is impossible to love one's enemies,
but possible not to wish them evil or to do them harm; incidentally it is
suggested that one may and should expose, that is to say oppose, one's
enemies; mention is made of various degrees of attainability of this
virtue, so that the ultimate deduction to be made from the Church
commentaries is that Christ, for some unknown reason, made an incorrect
citation of the Mosaic law and uttered many beautiful, but really empty
and inapplicable, words. |
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ÁÖ¼®µéÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº
ÇѰᰰÀÌ, ¡®³× ¿ø¼ö¸¦ ¹Ì¿öÇ϶󡯴 ¸»Àº ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ
À²¹ý¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡ µ¿ÀÇ ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·±
ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ Àο뿡 ´ëÇØ¼ ¾Æ¹«·± ¼³¸íµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¿ø¼öµé°ú ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ
¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡
±×µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀ» °íÃļ ¿ø¼ö¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ̳ª
±×µé¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ ³¢Ä¡Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö´Â ÀÖ´Ù; ±×·±µ¥, ¿ì¸®´Â
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀûµéÀ» Àû¹ßÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Àû¹ßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ´Ù½Ã
¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é ´ëÇ×ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼± | |