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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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V. JESUS AND THE MOSAIC LAW

V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý

Everything confirmed the fact that the meaning of Christ's teaching that had disclosed itself to me was true. But it was long before I could accustom my¡©self to the strange idea that after Christ's law had been professed by millions of people for 1800 years, and after thousands of men had devoted their lives to the study of that law, it had now been my fate to rediscover it as a novelty. But, strange as it might be, such was the case; Christ's teaching of non-resistance to evil arose before me as a total novelty of which I had not had the slightest conception. And I asked myself: How could this come about? I must have had some false conception of the mean¡©ing of the teaching to cause me so to misunderstand it. And such a false conception really existed.

³ª¿¡°Ô µå·¯³­ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ Áø½ÇÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ È®ÁõÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» 1800³â µ¿¾È ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í¹éÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±× À²¹ýÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» Çå½ÅÇÑ µÚ¿¡¼­¾ß, ÀÌÁ¦ ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¶Ä¡ »õ·Î¿î »ç»óó·³ Àç¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ªÀÇ ¿î¸íÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ »ý°¢¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁö±â±îÁö´Â ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀÌ °É·È´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ÀÌ»óÇÒÁö¶óµµ, »ç½ÇÀÌ ±×·¯Çß´Ù; ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ³»°¡ ÀüÇô ÁüÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­ ³ªÀÇ ¾Õ¿¡ ºÎ»óµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â Àڽſ¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù: ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ³ª´Â Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÅÁþµÈ ÀνÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ÀÇØÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ À߸øµÈ ÀνÄÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´´Ù.

When approaching the Gospel doctrine I was not in the position of one who never having heard anything of Christ's teaching suddenly hears it for the first time, but I already possessed a whole ready- made theory of how I ought to understand it. Christ did not appear to me as a prophet who was reveal¡©ing a divine law, but as one who completed and explained a divine law already known to me and indubitable. I already possessed a complete, defi¡©nite, and very complex teaching about God, the creation of the world and of man, and about His commandments given to man through Moses.

º¹À½¼­ÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¶§, ³ª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ °áÄÚ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ µéÀº ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» óÀ½À¸·Î µè´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ³»°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌÇØÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ±â¼º ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô À־ ½Å¼ºÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» °è½ÃÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ°í ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ´Â ºÐó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Çϳª´Ô, ¼¼»ó°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ã¢Á¶, ±×¸®°í ¸ð¼¼¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø ±×ÀÇ °è¸íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇϸç, Á¤È®ÇÑ ±×¸®°í ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

In the Gospels I encountered the words, 'Ye have heard that it was said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth; but I say unto you, Resist not him that is evil'. The words, 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth', were the law of Moses. The words, 'Resist not evil, or him that is evil', were the new law which repealed the first.

º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ ³ª´Â ´ÙÀ½ ¸»¾¸À» ¸¶ÁÖÃÆ´Ù: ¡®´«Àº ´«À¸·Î, ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·Î °±À¸¶ó°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡ µé¾úÀ¸³ª ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô °íÇϳë´Ï ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¸¦ ´ëÀûÁö ¸»¶ó.¡¯ ¡®´«Àº ´«À¸·Î, ÀÌ´Â À̷Ρ¯ÀÇ ¸»¾¸Àº ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̾ú´Ù. ¡®¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó¡¯´Â ¸»¾¸Àº óÀ½ÀÇ ¸»À» Æó±âÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î À²¹ýÀ̾ú´Ù.

Had I approached Christ's teaching without that theological theory imbibed with my mother's milk, I should have understood the simple meaning of his words. I should have understood that Christ denies the old law and gives a new law of his own. But it had been instilled into me that Christ did not deny the law of Moses, but on the contrary confirmed it all to the last jot and tittle and completed it. Verses 17 and 18 of Matt. v, in which this is affirmed, had always, when I read the Gospels, struck me as obscure and had evoked doubts. From what I then knew of the Old Testament, especially the last books of Moses in which such minute, meaningless, and often cruel, rules are laid down, each preceded by the words: 'And the Lord said unto Moses', it seemed to me strange that Christ could confirm the whole of that law, and incomprehensible why he did so. But I then left the question undecided: I accepted unverified the interpretation instilled into me from childhood that both these laws are productions of the Holy Ghost, that they agree, and that Christ confirms the law of Moses, supplements it, and completes it.

³»°¡ ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ Á¥À» »¡ ¶§ºÎÅÍ Èí¼öÇÏ¿´´ø ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿´´õ¶ó¸é, ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹Ý´ë·Î ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀÇ ÇÑ Á¡ ÇÑ È¹±îÁöµµ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç À²¹ýÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁÖÀÔµÇ¾î ¿Ô¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 17Àý ¹× 18ÀýÀº, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ À̰ÍÀÌ ÁÖÀåµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ³»°¡ º¹À½¼­¸¦ ÀÐÀ» ¶§¸é ¾ðÁ¦³ª, ³ª¸¦ ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´°í ÀÇȤµéÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã ³»°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´ø ±¸¾à¼º¼­, ƯÈ÷ ±×Åä·Ï »ó¼¼Çϰí, ¹«ÀǹÌÇϸç, °¡²û ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ¸í·Éµé·Î Â÷ÀÖ´Â ¸ð¼¼ 5°æÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· Ã¥µé¿¡¼­´Â, ¸Å À帶´Ù ¡®Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô ÀÏ·¯ °¡·ÎµÇ¡¦¡¯ ¶ó´Â ¸»µé·Î ½ÃÀÛ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ³»°Ô´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±× À²¹ý Àüü¸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ»óÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿Ö ±×°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ´À²¸Á³¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¶§ ³ª´Â ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹Ì·ç¾î µÎ¾ú´Ù: ³ª´Â À̵é À²¹ýµéÀÌ ¼º·ÉÀÌ ¸¸µå½Å °ÍµéÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀº ÀÏÄ¡µÇ¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇϰí, ±×°ÍÀ» º¸¿ÏÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â, ¾î¸± ÀûºÎÅÍ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁÖÀÔµÈ ÇØ¼®À» °ËÁõ ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº ä·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

How that completion was effected, how the con¡©tradictions are solved which strike one's eye in the Gospels themselves, both in these verses and in the words, 'But I say unto you', I never clearly ex¡©plained to myself. But now, having recognized the simple and direct meaning of Christ's teaching, I understood that these two laws are contradictory and that there can be no talk of their agreement or of completing the one by the other, but that we must accept one or the other, and that the common explanation of verses 17 and 18 in Matt. v. (which had formerly struck me by their obscurity) must be incorrect. .

¾î¶»°Ô ±×·± ¿Ï¼ºÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³À¸¸ç, º¹À½¼­ ÀÚü¿¡¼­, Áï, ÀÌ·± Àýµé(¸¶Åº¹À½5Àå 17, 18Àý)°ú ¡®³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï¡¯ÇÏ´Â ¸»¾¸µé¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Ã¼±À» ²ô´Â ¸ð¼øµéÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ°áÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö, ³ª´Â °áÄÚ ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇϰí Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ ÀνÄÇÑ °á°ú, ÀÌµé µÎ À²¹ýÀÌ ¼­·Î ¸ð¼øµÇ¸ç ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÀÏÄ¡ÇѴٰųª Çϳª¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª·Î¼­ ¿Ï¼ºÇÑ´Ù´À´Ï ÇÏ´Â ¸»Àº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 17Àý°ú 18Àý(À̰ÍÀº °ú°Å¿¡ ±× ¾Ö¸ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ³ªÀÇ ½Ã¼±À» ²ø¾ú¾ú´Ù)ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ÇØ¼®ÀÌ Æ²¸²¾øÀÌ ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù.

And on re-reading those verses (the ones which had always seemed to me so obscure) I was amazed by the simple and clear meaning in them which suddenly revealed itself to me.

±×¸®°í ±× Àýµé(¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ª¿¡°Ô ±×Åä·Ï ¾Ö¸ÅÇÏ¿© º¸ÀÌ´ø ±¸Àýµé)À» ÀÐÀ½¿¡ À־, ³ª´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô °©Àڱ⠹àÇôÁø ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÑ Àǹ̿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ³î¶ó°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù.

That meaning revealed itself to me not because I devised or transposed anything, but simply because I rejected the artificial interpretation which has been attached to that passage.

±× Àǹ̴ ³»°¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» °í¾ÈÇÏ¿´°Å³ª ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»Çؼ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ³»°¡ ±× ±¸Àýµé¿¡ ºÎ°¡µÈ ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ ÇØ¼®À» ´øÁ®¹ö·È±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.

Christ says (Matt. v. 17-19): 'Think not that I came to destroy the law or the teaching of the pro¡©phets; I came not to destroy, but to fulfill. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass away from the law till all things be accomplished.'

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù (¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 17-19Àý): ¡®³»°¡ À²¹ýÀ̳ª ¼±ÁöÀÚ³ª ÆóÇÏ·¯ ¿Â ÁÙ·Î »ý°¢Áö ¸»¶ó. ÆóÇÏ·¯ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¿ä. ¿ÏÀüÄÉ ÇÏ·Á ÇÔÀ̷δÙ. Áø½Ç·Î ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï õÁö°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö±â Àü¿¡´Â À²¹ýÀÇ ÀÏ Á¡ ÀÏ È¹ÀÌ¶óµµ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾ø¾îÁöÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ°í ´Ù À̷縮¶ó.¡¯

And verse 20 adds: 'Except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven.'

±×¸®°í 20Àý¿¡¼­ µ¡ºÙÀδÙ: ¡®³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ³ÊÈñ Àǰ¡ ¼­±â°ü°ú ¹Ù¸®»õÀκ¸´Ù ´õ ³´Áö ¸øÇÏ¸é °á´ÜÄÚ Ä£±¹¿¡ µé¾î°¡Áö ¸øÇϸ®¶ó.¡¯

Christ says: I have not come to destroy the eternal law, for the fulfillment of which your Scriptures and prophecies were written, but I have come to teach you to fulfill the eternal law; and I speak not of that law of yours which your scribes and Pharisees call the Law of God, but of that eternal law which is less changeable than the heavens and the earth.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñÀÇ °Å·èÇÑ Ã¥°ú ¿¹¾ð¼­ µé¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ °ÍÀ» ¼ºÃëÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿µ»ýÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ·¯ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¿µ»ýÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÒ °ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡±â À§Çؼ­ ¿Ô´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¼­±â°üµéÀ̳ª ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ±× À²¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Çϴðú ¶¥º¸´Ùµµ º¯ÇÔÀÌ ÀûÀº ±×·± ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

I express the thought in fresh words merely to tear the meaning away from the customary false interpretation. Were it not for that false interpreta¡©tion it would be impossible to express this thought better or more exactly than it is expressed in those verses. The interpretation that Christ does not deny the law is based on the fact that to the word 'law' in this passage- thanks to the comparison made with the iota (jot) of the written law- is attributed the meaning of the 'written law' instead of the 'eternal law'- though this is quite gratuitous and in con¡©tradiction to the meaning of the words. But Christ is not speaking of the written law. If he had spoken of the written law he would have used the customary expression, the law and the prophets, as he always does when speaking of the written law. But he employs a different expression: the law or the prophets. If he were speaking of the written law he would also in the next verse, which supplies a continuation of the thought, have used the words 'the law and the prophets', and not the word 'the law' without addition, as actually stands in that verse. More than that however, Christ uses the same expression in the Gospel of Luke in a connexion which makes its meaning indubitable. In Luke xvi. 15, 16 Christ says to the Pharisees who assumed righteousness in the written law: 'Ye are they that justify yourselves in the sight of men; but God knoweth your hearts: for that which is exalted among men is an abomination in the sight of God. The law and the prophets were until John: from that time the Gospel of the Kingdom of God is preached, and everyone entereth into it [by his own efforts].'

³ª´Â ½À°üÈ­µÈ °ÅÁþ ÇØ¼®¿¡¼­ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±× Àǹ̸¦ ¶¼¾î ³õ±â À§Çؼ­ ½Å¼±ÇÑ ¸»·Î »ý°¢À» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·± °ÅÁþµÈ ÇØ¼®ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é, ±× ±¸Àýµé¿¡¼­ Ç¥ÇöµÈ °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ¶Ç´Â Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·± »ý°¢À» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ À²¹ýÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ÇØ¼®Àº ÀÌ ±¸Àý ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¡®À²¹ý¡¯À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¿¡- ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀÇ ÀÏ Á¡°ú ºñ±³ÇÑ ¶§¹®¿¡- ¡¯¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ý¡¯ ´ë½Å¿¡ ¡®¼º¹® À²¹ý¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ºÎ¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù- »ç½Ç À̰ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ±Ù°Å°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ¸»¾¸ÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ¸ð¼øµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, ±×°¡ ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×·¯ÇϵíÀÌ, °ü½ÀÀûÀΠǥÇöÀÎ, ¡®À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù: ¡®À²¹ýÀ̳ª ¼±ÁöÀÚ.¡¯ ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ±¸Àý¿¡¼­, »ç½Ç»ó ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, µ¡ºÙÀÓÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¡®À²¹ý¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¡®À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À̶õ ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¶È °°Àº Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¹®¸Æ»ó ±× Àǹ̰¡ ºÐ¸íÇØÁöµµ·Ï ´©°¡º¹À½¿¡¼­µµ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´©°¡º¹À½ 16Àå 15Àý¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ý ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÇ·Ó´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀε鿡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³ÊÈñ´Â »ç¶÷ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ½º½º·Î ¿Ç´Ù ÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀ̳ª ³ÊÈñ ¸¶À½À» Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ¾Æ½Ã³ª´Ï »ç¶÷ Áß¿¡ ³ôÀÓÀ» ¹Þ´Â ±×°ÍÀº Çϳª´Ô ¾Õ¿¡ ¹Ì¿òÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ï¶ó ¡®À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚ¡¯´Â ¿äÇÑÀÇ ¶§±îÁö¿ä ±× ÈĺÎÅÍ´Â Çϳª´Ô ³ª¶óÀÇ º¹À½ÀÌ ÀüÆÄµÇ¾î »ç¶÷¸¶´Ù ±×¸®·Î ħÀÔÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó.¡¯

And then in the following verse, 17, he says: 'But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away, than for one tittle of the law to fail.' By the words, 'the law and the prophets were until John', Christ repeats the written law. By the words, 'It is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one tittle of the law to fail', he confirms the eternal law. In the first words he says, 'the law and the prophets'-  that is to say the written law; in the second he says simply 'the law', therefore the law eternal. Consequently it is clear that here the eternal law is con¡©trasted with the written law, and that just the same contrast is made in the context in Matthew, where the eternal law is defined by the words, the law or the prophets.

±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ´ÙÀ½ ±¸Àý¿¡¼­ 17Àý¿¡¼­, ±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®±×·¯³ª À²¹ýÀÇ ÇÑ È¹ÀÌ ¶³¾îÁüº¸´Ù õÁöÀÇ ¾ø¾îÁüÀÌ ½¬¿ì´Ï¶ó.¡¯ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¡®À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚ´Â ¿äÇÑÀÇ ¶§±îÁö¿ä¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»·Î¼­ ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®±×·¯³ª À²¹ýÀÇ ÇÑ È¹ÀÌ ¶³¾îÁüº¸´Ù õÁöÀÇ ¾ø¾îÁüÀÌ ½¬¿ì´Ï¶ó.¡¯´Â ¸»·Î¼­ ±×´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ù¹øÂ° ¸»¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀڵ顯- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ», µÎ ¹øÂ°¿¡¼­ ±×´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¡®À²¹ý¡¯À», Áï ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. °á±¹ ¿©±â¼­ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀº ¼º¹® À²¹ý°ú ´ë¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¶È °°Àº ´ë¸³Àº ¹®¸Æ»ó ¸¶Åº¹À½¿¡¼­µµ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Âµ¥, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀº ¡®À²¹ý ¶Ç´Â ¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À̶ó´Â ¸»¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Á¤ÀǵȴÙ.

The history of verses 17 and 18 in their variations is remarkable. In most of the texts there is only the word 'law' without the addition of 'prophets'. In these versions there can be no suggestion that it means the written law. In other copies, in Tischendorf's and in the canonical version, there is the addition of 'prophets', not with the conjunction 'and', but with the conjunction 'or'- the law or the prophets- which also excludes the meaning of the written law and gives the meaning of the eternal law.

17Àý°ú 18ÀýÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ º¯È­µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ª»ç´Â ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »çº»(ÞÐÜâ)µé¿¡ ¡®¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À» ÷°¡ÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¡®À²¹ý¡¯À̶õ ¸»¸¸ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹ø¿ª º»µé¿¡¼­´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù´Â ¾Ï½Ã´Â ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »çº»µé¿¡¼­´Â, Ƽ¼¾µµ¸£ÇÁÀÇ »çº»°ú Á¤°æ »çº»¿¡¼­´Â, Á¢¼Ó»ç ¡®±×¸®°í¡¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¡®¶Ç´Â¡¯°ú ÇÔ²² ¡®¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À» ÷°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù- À²¹ýÀ̳ª ¼±ÁöÀÚµé- À̰ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¹èÁ¦ÇÏ¸ç ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

In some of the texts not accepted by the Church the addition of 'prophets' with the conjunction 'and', and not 'or', finds place- and in these same versions when the word 'law' is repeated 'and the prophets' is also repeated. So that the meaning of the whole utterance in these versions is given as though Christ spoke only of the written law.

±³È¸¿¡¼­ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾î¶² »çº»¿¡¼­´Â ¡®¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÇ Ã·°¡°¡ Á¢¼Ó»ç ¡®¶Ç´Â¡¯ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¡®±×¸®°í¡¯°¡ ÀÚ¸®Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù- ±×¸®°í ÀÌ¿Í ¶È °°Àº »çº»µé¿¡¼­ ¡®À²¹ý¡¯ÀÌ ¹Ýº¹µÉ ¶§, ¡®±×¸®°í ¼±ÁöÀڵ顯 ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ýº¹µÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌ »çº»µé¿¡¼­ÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¸»ÀÇ Àǹ̴ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼º¹® À²¹ý¸¸À» ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾îÁø´Ù.

These variations supply the history of the inter¡©pretation of that passage. The only clear rendering of the passage is that Christ here, as in Luke, is speaking of the eternal law. But among the copyists of the Gospel manuscripts were some who wished to assert the obligatoriness of the written law of Moses, and these scribes added to the word, 'law' the ad¡©ditional words 'and the prophets' and changed the meaning.

ÀÌµé »çº»ÀÇ º¯È­´Â ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ¼®ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¸»ÇصдÙ. ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀÇ ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ ¸í·áÇÑ ÇØ¼®Àº ÀÌ·¸´Ù: ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿©±â¼­, ´©°¡º¹À½¿¡¼­Ã³·³, ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º¹À½¼­ ¿ø°íµéÀÇ »çº»°¡(ÞÐÜâÊ«)µé Áß¿¡´Â ¾î¶² À̵éÀº ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀÇ Àǹ«¼ºÀ» °­Á¶Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, À̵é ÇʰæÀÚµéÀº ¡®À²¹ý¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»¿¡ ¡®±×¸®°í ¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À̶ó´Â ÷°¡ÇÏ¿©¼­ ±× Àǹ̸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù.

Other Christians, who did not acknowledge the books of Moses, either excluded the addition or changed the word 'and', , to the word 'or', . And with this word 'or' the passage entered into the canonical version. But despite the clearness and certainty of the meaning of the text in that form in which it had entered the canon, the canonical interpreters continued to interpret it in the spirit that had prompted the alternative which had not been accepted in the text. The passage was sub¡©mitted to innumerable explanations which were the further removed from its plain meaning in proportion as the interpreter agreed less with the real, direct, simple meaning of Christ's teaching; and most of the interpreters retain the apocryphal sense- the very one rejected by the text.

¸ð¼¼ ¿À°æÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº, ¡®±×¸®°í¡¯, ¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÇ Ã·°¡¸¦ ¹èÁ¦ ÇÏ¿´°Å³ª, ¡®¶Ç´Â¡¯, ¶ó´Â ¸»·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¡®¶Ç´Â¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀÌ ¸»°ú ÇÔ²² ±× ±¸ÀýÀº Á¤°æ »çº»¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤°æ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÇüÅ·μ­ÀÇ »çº»ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÇ ¸í·áÇÔ°ú È®½Ç¼º¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, Á¤°æ ÇØ¼®°¡µéÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» »çº»¿¡¼­ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¾î ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀº ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̸¦ ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀº ¹«¼öÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÇØ¼®µé¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾúÀ¸¸ç, ÇØ¼®°¡µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÂüµÇ°í, Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ̸ç, ´Ü¼øÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ ¿Ü¸éÇϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ±× ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Àǹ̿¡¼­ ´õ¿í ¸Ö¾îÁ³´Ù; ±×¸®°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇØ¼®°¡µéÀº ¿Ü°æ(èâÌè)ÀûÀÎ ÀǹÌ- »çº»µéÀÌ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í ÀÚü)- ¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Fully to convince oneself that in these verses Christ is speaking only of the eternal law, it is worth while to examine the meaning of the word which served the pseudo-interpreters as an excuse. In Russian the word zakon (law), in Greek , and in Hebrew torah, all have two main meanings: one is the law itself (that which is right) without reference to its expression; the other conception is that of the written expression of what certain people consider to be the law. These two different meanings exist in all languages.

±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÌ ±¸Àýµé¿¡¼­ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ È®½ÅÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, À§¼±ÀûÀÎ ¹ø¿ª°¡µéÀÌ ±¸½Ç·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Â ¸»ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Á¶»çÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ·¯½Ã¾Æ¾î¿¡¼­´Â zakon (À²¹ý)À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î, ±×¸®½º¾î´Â , ±×¸®°í È÷ºê¸®¾î·Î´Â torah·Î¼­, ¸ðµÎ´Ù µÎ °¡Áö Áß½ÉÀÌ µÇ´Â Àǹ̵éÀ» °¡Áø´Ù: Çϳª´Â ±× Ç¥Çö ¹æ¹ý¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ À²¹ý ±× ÀÚü (¿ÇÀº °Í)À̸ç; ´Ù¸¥ °³³äÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀÇ ¼º¹®(à÷Ùþ)ÀûÀΠǥÇöÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̵éÀº ¸ðµç ¾ð¾î¿¡¼­ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

In Greek, in the Epistles of Paul, this distinction is sometimes marked by the use of the article. Without an article, Paul uses this word chiefly in the meaning of the 'written law', but with the article in the meaning of the 'eternal law of God'.

±×¸®½º¾î·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¼­Çѵ鿡¼­, ÀÌ ±¸º°Àº ¶§¶§·Î °ü»çÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ±ÔÁ¤µÈ´Ù. °ü»ç°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì, ¹Ù¿ïÀº ÀÌ ´Ü¾î¸¦ ÁÖ·Î ¡®¼º¹® À²¹ý¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª °ü»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¡®Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ý¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

Among the ancient Hebrews, in the prophets, as Isaiah, the word 'law', torah, is always used in the meaning of the one eternal revelation and teaching of God independent of verbal expression. And this same word 'law', torah, in Ezra for the first time, and in the latest period in Talmudic times, began to be used to mean the five written books of Moses, over which the general title of Torah was inscribed as we use the word Bible, but with this difference, that we have a word to distinguish the conception of the Bible from that of the law of God, while in Hebrew one and the same word was used for both conceptions.

°í´ëÀÇ È÷ºê¸®ÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­, ÀÌ»ç¾ß °°Àº ¼±ÁöÀڵ鿡°Ô´Â, ¡®À²¹ý¡¯, torah ¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÔÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÔ°ú °ü°è¾øÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÏ¸ç ¿µ¿øÇÑ °è½Ã¿Í °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¶È °°Àº ¸» ¡®À²¹ý¡¯, torah ´Â, óÀ½¿¡´Â ¿¡Áî¶ó¼­¿¡¼­, ±×¸®°í Å»¹«µå ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ½Ã±â¿¡¼­, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö ¼º¹® ¼­ÀûµéÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ¸¸ç, À̰͵鿡 ´ëÇØ¼­, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹ÙÀ̺íÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇϵíÀÌ, Torah¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Á¦¸ñÀÌ ºÙ¿©Á³À¸³ª, ÀÌ·± Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, Áï, ¿ì¸®´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ý°ú ¹ÙÀ̺íÀ̶ó´Â °³³äÀ» ±¸º°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, È÷ºê¸®Àε鿡°Ô´Â µÎ °¡Áö °³³ä¿¡ ÇϳªÀÌ¸ç ¶È °°Àº ¸»ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.

And therefore Christ using the word 'law', torah, employs it now to confirm it when he uses it in the meaning given it by Isaiah and the other prophets, of the law of God which is eternal, and now to reject it when he means by it the five books of the law. But for the sake of distinction when (rejecting it) he uses this word in the meaning of the written law he always adds the words 'and the prophets', or pre¡©fixes the word 'your' to the word 'law'. When he says, 'Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, even so do ye also unto them, for this is the law and the prophets', he is speaking of the written law. He says that the whole of the written law can be compressed into this one expression of the eternal law and by these words he annuls the written law.

±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¡®À²¹ý¡¯, torah ¶ó´Â ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Áö±Ý, ÀÌ»ç¾ß¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÁöÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ÀǹÌ- ¿µ¿øÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ý- ·Î¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ±×°ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, ±×¸®°í. À²¹ýÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö Ã¥À» ÀǹÌÇÒ ¶§´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¸º°À» À§Çؼ­, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌ ¸»À» ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ (±×°ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©), ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¡®±×¸®°í ¼±ÁöÀڵ顯À̶ó´Â ¸»µéÀ» ÷°¡Çϰųª ¡®³ÊÈñµé¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»À» ¡®À²¹ý¡¯ÀÇ Á¢µÎ¾î·Î »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡, ¡®¹«¸© ³²¿¡°Ô ±×·± ÀÏÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ½ÍÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ³²¿¡°Ôµµ ±×ó·³ ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó À̰ÍÀÌ À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ±×´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ý Àüü´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀÇ ÀÌ·± ÇÑ °¡Áö Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î ¾ÐÃàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÌ ¸»·Î¼­ ±×´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ÆóÁöÇÑ´Ù.

When he says (Luke xvL 16), 'The law and the prophets were until John', he is speaking of the, written law and by these words denies its authority.

±×°¡, ¡®À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀº ¿äÇÑÀÇ ¶§±îÁö¡¯ (´©°¡º¹À½ 16Àå 16Àý)¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ±×´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¸»·Î½á ±× ±ÇÀ§¸¦ ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.

When he says (John vii. 19), 'Did not Moses give you the law, and yet none of you doeth the law?' or (John viii. 17), 'In your law it is written', or (John xv. 25), 'The word that is written in their law', he is speaking of the written law: the law he denied, the law which condemned him to death. (John xix. 7) 'The Jews answered Pilate, We have a law, and by that law he ought to die' Evidently that law of the Jews, on the basis of which they executed him, is not the law Christ taught. But when Christ says, 'I came not to destroy the law but to teach you to fulfill it, for nothing can change in the law, but all must be fulfilled', he is speaking not of the written law but of the divine eternal law and is confirming it.

±×¸®½ºµµ°¡, (¿äÇѺ¹À½ lÀå 19Àý) ¡®¸ð¼¼°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À²¹ýÀ», À²¹ýÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿´´À³Ä?¡¯ ¶Ç´Â (¿äÇѺ¹À½ 8Àå 17Àý) ¡®³ÊÈñ À²¹ý¿¡µµ ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï¡¯ ¶Ç´Â (¿äÇÑ 15Àå 25Àý) ¡®ÀÌ´Â ÀúÈñ À²¹ý¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¹Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ±×´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù: ±×°¡ ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ À²¹ý, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» »çÇü¿¡ óÇÑ À²¹ý¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. (¿äÇѺ¹À½ 19Àå 7Àý) ¡®À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÌ ´ë´äÇ쵂 ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ±× ¹ý´ë·Î Çϸé Àú°¡ ´ç¿¬È÷ Á×¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.¡¯ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ À²¹ýÀº, ±×°ÍÀ» ±Ù°Å·ÎÇÏ¿© ±Û¸¦ »çÇü¿¡ óÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£ÃÆ´ø À²¹ýÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡, ¡®³ª´Â À²¹ýÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ·¯ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñµéÀÌ ¿Ï¼ºÇϵµ·Ï °¡¸£Ä¡±â À§Çؼ­ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´©±¸µçÁö ±× À²¹ýÀ» º¯°æ½Ãų ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµÎ ¼ºÃëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ±×´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

But let us suppose that all these are merely formal proofs; let us suppose that I have carefully selected contexts and variations and have carefully hidden everything opposed to my interpretation; let us suppose that the Church's interpretation is very clear and convincing and that Christ really did not infringe the law of Moses but left it in full strength. Suppose that to be so. But then what did Christ teach?

±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Çü½ÄÀûÀÎ Áõ¸íµéÀ̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ; ³»°¡ ¿ø¹®°ú ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇØ¼®µéÀ» Á¶½É½º·´°Ô °ñ¶ó¼­ ³ªÀÇ ÇØ¼®¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ±³¹¦È÷ ¼û°å´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ; ±³È¸ÀÇ ÇØ¼®ÀÌ Áö±ØÈ÷ ¸í·áÇÏ°í ½Åºù¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» Ä§ÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÈûÀ» °®Ãßµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ±×·¸´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿© º¸¶ó. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸£Ãƴ°¡?

According to the Church's explanations he taught that he, the Second Person of the Trinity, the Son of God the Father, came to the earth and by his death redeemed Adam's sin. But everyone who has read the Gospels knows that in them Christ says nothing, or speaks very vaguely, about that. And even assuming that we do not know how to read and that the above assertions really are made there, at any rate Christ's indication that he is the Second Person of the Trinity and redeems the sins of humanity occupies the smallest and most obscure portion of the Gospels. What then does all the rest of Christ's teaching consist of? It is impossible to deny, and Christians have always acknowledged, that the chief content of Christ's message is the teaching of life: how men should live with one another.

±³È¸ÀÇ ÇØ¼®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ Á¦2À§À̸ç, Çϳª´Ô ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î¼­, ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿À¼Å¼­ Á×À½À¸·Î½á ¾Æ´ãÀÇ Á˸¦ ´ë¼ÓÇÏ¿´´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º¹À½¼­¸¦ ÀÐÀº »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¾Æ¹« ¸»µµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¿ì¸®°¡ Ã¥À» Àд ¹ýÀ» ¸ð¸£¸ç À§ÀÇ ÁÖÀåµéÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î °Å±â¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´õ¶ó°í, ¾î·µç ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÇ Á¦2À§À̸ç ÀηùÀÇ Á˸¦ ´ë¼ÓÇÑ´Ù´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾Ï½Ã´Â º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ °¡Àå °æ¹ÌÇÏ°í °¡Àå Èñ¹ÌÇÑ ºÐ·®À» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö ºÎºÐ ¸ðµÎ´Â ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î Àִ°¡? ±×°ÍÀº ºÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÎÁ¤ÇØ¿À°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ³»¿ëÀº »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù: »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ¿ô°ú ÇÔ²² »ì¾Æ°¡´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Having admitted that Christ taught a new way of life, one has to picture to oneself some definite kind of people among whom he taught.

¸¸ÀÏ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ »îÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ »ç¶÷À» °¡¿îµ¥ ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ »ç¶÷À» ±×·Á º¸¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

Let us imagine to ourselves Russians, or English¡©men, or Chinese, or Indians, or even savages on an island, and we shall see that every nation always has its rules of life, its law of life, and that therefore if a teacher teaches a new law of life he thereby destroys the former law: without destroying it he cannot teach. So it would be in England, in China, and among ourselves. The teacher will inevitably destroy our laws, which we consider precious and almost holy; but among us it might occur that the preacher teaching us a new way of life will only destroy our civil law, our State law, or our customs, but will not touch the laws we consider divine- though it is hard to imagine this. But among the Jewish people who then had only one code of law - entirely divine and embracing the whole of life to its minutest details- among such a people what could a preacher teach who declared in advance that the whole law of the people among whom he was preaching was valid? But let us say that this, too, is not a proof. Let those who interpret the words of Christ to mean that he confirmed the whole law of Moses explain this to themselves: Who was it that, throughout his active career, Christ exposed? Against whom did he revolt, call¡©ing them Pharisees, lawyers, and scribes? Who was it that rejected Christ's teaching? Whose High Priest had him crucified? If Christ acknowledged the law of Moses, where were those true adherents of that law who approved of him for doing so? Can it be that there was not one such?

¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÎ, ¿µ±¹ÀÎ, Áß±¹ÀÎ, ÀεµÀÎ, ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶² ¼¶ÀÇ ¾ß¸¸ÀÎÀ̶ó°í »ó»óÇØº¸ÀÚ, ±×·¯¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµç ¹ÎÁ·Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ª¸§´ë·ÎÀÇ »îÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢µéÀÌ, »îÀÇ À²¹ýµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² ±³»ç°¡ »îÀÇ »õ·Î¿î À²¹ýÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡·Á¸é ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ¿¾³¯ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ÆóÁöÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ±×°ÍÀ» ÆóÁöÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼­´Â ±×´Â °¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿µ±¹, Áß±¹, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½Åµé ¾È¿¡¼­µµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±³»ç´Â ÇÊÈ÷ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À²¹ýµéÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼ÒÁßÇÏ¸ç °ÅÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÏ°Ô ¿©±â°í ÀÖ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »îÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ¼³±³ÀÚ°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Ã¹Î¹ý, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¹°¡¹ý, ¶Ç´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ü½À¹ýÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ »ÓÀ̸ç, ¿ì¸®°¡ ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¹ýµéÀ» °Çµå¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀϾÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù- ºñ·Ï ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» »ó»óÇϱâ ÈûµéÁö¶óµµ. ±×·¯³ª ±× ´ç½Ã ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ °¡ÁöÀÇ À²¹ý- ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ½Å¼ºÇÏ¸ç »îÀÇ Àüü¸¦ Áö±ØÈ÷ »ç¼ÒÇÑ ºÎºÐ±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â- ¸¸À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ø À¯ÅÂÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­, ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¸¸ÀÏ »çÀü¿¡ ±× ¼³±³ÀÚ°¡ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ Àüü À²¹ýÀÌ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, ±× ¼³±³ÀÚ´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°Ú´Â°¡? ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸ð¼¼ À²¹ý Àüü¸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇÏ¿´À½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀ» ÇØ¼®ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̰ÍÀ» Àڽŵ鿡°Ô ¼³¸íÇØº¸¶ó°í ÇØº¸ÀÚ: ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡, ±×ÀÇ ¿Õ¼ºÇÑ »ý¾Ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­, Æø·ÎÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´©±¸¿´´Â°¡? ±×µéÀ» ¹Ù¸®»õÀεé, À²¹ýÇÐÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í ¼­±â°üµéÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£¸é¼­, ±×´Â ´©±¸¸¦ ÇâÇØ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿´´Â°¡? ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» °ÅºÎÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´©±¸¿´´Â°¡? ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´ëÁ¦»çÀåÀÌ ±×¸¦ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸ø ¹Ú¾Ò´Â°¡? ¸¸ÀÏ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù¸é, ±×°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÔÀ» ¿ëÀÎÇÏ´ø À²¹ýÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀº ¾îµð¿¡ Àִ°¡? ±×·± »ç¶÷Àº ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ±î?

The Pharisees, we are told, were a sect. The Jews do not say so! They say; The Pharisees were the faithful adherents of the law. But let us grant that they were a sect. The Sadducees were also a sect. Where, then, were the people, who were not a sect but true believers?

¿ì¸®°¡ µè±â·Î ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀº ÇÑ ºÐÆÄ¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. À¯ÅÂÀεéÀº ±×·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù! ±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀº ¼º½ÇÇÑ À²¹ýÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéµµ ÇÑ ºÐÆÄ¿´´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÀÚ. »çµÎ°³ÆÄµéµµ ÇÑ ºÐÆÄ¿´´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ºÐÆÄ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÂüµÈ ½ÅÀÚµéÀº ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´Ü ¸»Àΰ¡?

In the Gospel of John they all- Christ's enemies- are called simply the Jews. And they did not agree with Christ's teaching and were opposed to him simply because they were Jews. But in the Gospels not only the Pharisees and Sadducees are represented as Christ's enemies: among his enemies the lawyers are also mentioned, the very men who conserved the law of Moses; the Scribes, the very men who read the law; the Elders, the very ones who were always considered the representatives of national wisdom.

¿äÇÑ º¹À½¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ- ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Àûµé- ´Ü¼øÈ÷ À¯ÅÂÀÎÀ̶ó°í ºÒ·È´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ÀڽŵéÀÌ À¯ÅÂÀÎÀ̶ó´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀÎµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »çµÎ°³ÀÎ µéµµ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Àûµé·Î ¹¦»çµÇ¾ú´Ù: ±×ÀÇ Àûµé Áß¿¡´Â À²¹ý»çµéÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀº ¹Ù·Î ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» º¸Á¸ÇÏ·Á´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç; ¼­±â°üµé, ±×µéÀº ¹Ù·Î À²¹ýÀ» ÀоîÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç; Àå·Îµé, ±×µéÀº ¹Ù·Î ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ÁöÇýÀÇ ´ëº¯ÀÚµé·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̾ú´Ù.

Christ said: 'I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance'- to a change of life, . Where and who, then, were these righteous? Was Nicodemus the only one? But even Nicodemus is represented to us as a kindly but erring man. We are so accustomed to the very strange explanation that the Pharisees and some wicked Jews crucified Christ, that the simple question never enters our heads: Where were those who were not Pharisees and not wicked, but real Jews who kept the law? One has only to put that question and it all be¡©comes plain. Christ- whether he was God or man- brought his teaching into the world among a people who kept a law which regulated the whole of their lives and was called the law of God. What relation could Christ have to that law?

±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡®³ª´Â ÀǷοî ÀÚµéÀ» ºÎ¸£·¯ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁËÀεéÀ» ȸ°³Çϵµ·Ï¡¯- »îÀÇ º¯È­, - Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é À̵é ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ´©±¸¿´À»±î? À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ´Ï°íµ¥¸ð ÇÑ »ç¶÷À̾úÀ»±î? ±×·¯³ª ½ÉÁö¾î ´Ï°íµ¥¸ðµµ ¼±·®ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ °ú¿À¸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀεé°ú ¾î¶² »ç¾ÇÇÑ À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ ¸ø ¹Ú¾Ò´Ù´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¼³¸í¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª Àͼ÷ÇØÁ® À־, ±×·± ´Ü¼øÇÑ Àǹ®ÀÌ °áÄÚ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ¶°¿À¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù: ¹Ù¸®»õÀε鵵 ¾Æ´Ï¸ç »ç¾ÇÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ À²¹ýÀ» ÁؼöÇÏ´Â ÂüµÈ À¯ÅÂÀεéÀº ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ»±î? ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±× Àǹ®À» Á¦±âÇϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù ±×·¯¸é ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¸í¹éÇØÁø´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â- ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ°Ç »ç¶÷À̰Ç- ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀÇ Àüü¸¦ ±ÔÁ¤Çϸç Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â À²¹ýÀ» Áö´Ñ ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾î¶² °ü°è¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ Çϴ°¡?

Every prophet- every teacher of a faith revealing the law of God to men- inevitably encounters among men something people believe to be the law of God, and so he cannot avoid making use of the word law in a double sense; for it means what people falsely consider to be the law of God, 'your law', and it also means the true, eternal law of God. But besides being unable to avoid a double use of that word, the preacher usually does not wish to avoid it, but intentionally unites the two meanings: indicating that the law, which taken in its entirety is false and which is professed by those whom he is addressing, does contain certain eternal truths. And every preacher will take those laws which are fundamentally true as the basis of his sermon. That is what Christ did among the Jews, among whom both laws were called by the one word torah. Christ, in reference to the law of Moses- and to a yet greater extent in reference to the prophets, especi¡©ally Isaiah whose words he constantly quoted-  acknowledged that in the Hebrew law and prophets there are eternal and divine truths coincident with the eternal law, and these-  such as the saying, 'Love God and thy neighbor'- he takes as the basis of his teaching. Christ often expresses this thought. (Luke x. 26) He says, 'What is written in the law? how readest thou?' In the law also there are eternal truths to be found, if you only know how to read it. And he points out more than once that the commandment in their law relating to the love of God and of one's neighbor is a command¡©ment of the eternal law. In Matt. xiii. 52, Christ, after all the parables by which he explained to his Apostles the meaning of his teaching, finally, as re¡©ferring to all that had preceded, said: 'Therefore every scribe [that is every literate person who has learned the truth] is like unto a householder, which, bringeth forth out of his treasure [indiscriminately, both together] things new and old.'

¸ðµç ¼±ÁöÀÚ- Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¸®´Â ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ¸ðµç ±³»çµé- ´Â ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» Á¶¿ìÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¡¼­ ±×´Â À²¹ýÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» ÀÌÁßÀûÀÎ Àǹ̿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ÅÁþµÇÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ý, Áï ¡®³ÊÈñµéÀÇ À²¹ý¡¯À̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇϱ⵵ Çϰí, ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÂüµÇ¸ç ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» ÀǹÌÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¸»ÀÇ ÀÌÁßÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼³±³ÀÚ´Â ÈçÈ÷ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÇÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °íÀÇ·Î µÎ °¡Áö Àǹ̵éÀ» °áÇÕÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù: ÇÑ ÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ±× Àüü°¡ °ÅÁþÀ̸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼³±³Çϰí ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °í¹éµÇ´Â, ±× À²¹ýÀÌ ¾î¶² ¿µ¿øÇÑ Áø¸®µéÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸À̱â À§Çؼ­ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼³±³ÀÚ´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Áø¸®ÀÎ À²¹ýµéÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ¼³±³ÀÇ Åä´ë·Î »ï´Â´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ À¯ÅÂÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÇàÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â µÎ °¡Áö À²¹ýÀÌ ÇÔ²² torah¶ó´Â ¸»·Î ºÒ·È´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÔ¿¡ À־- ±×¸®°í ´õ Å« ºñÁßÀ¸·Î ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀ», ƯÈ÷ ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ ÀοëµÇ´Â ÀÌ»ç¾ß¸¦, ÂüÁ¶ÇÔ¿¡ À־- È÷ºê¸® À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀڵ鿡°Ôµµ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ý°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ¿µ¿øÇÏ¸ç ½Å¼ºÇÑ Áø¸®µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸»À»- ¡¯Çϳª´ÔÀ» ³× ¸ö°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¶ûÇ϶ó¡¯- ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¹Ø¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â °¡²û ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ±×´Â (´©°¡º¹À½ 10Àå 26Àý) ¡®À²¹ý¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀ̶ó ±â·ÏµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ³×°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Àоú´À³Ä?¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. À²¹ý¿¡µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹Ù·Î ÀÐÀ» ÁÙ¸¸ ¾È´Ù¸é ¿µ¿øÇÑ Áø¸®µéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×µéÀÇ À²¹ý ¾È¿¡¼­ Çϳª´Ô°ú ÀÌ¿ôµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û°ú °ü·ÃÀÖ´Â °è¸íÀÌ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀÇ °è¸íÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¿©·¯ ¹ø °­Á¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶Åº¹À½ 13Àå 52Àý¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ±×ÀÇ Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô ¸¹Àº ºñÀ¯µé·Î¼­ ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¼³¸íÇÑ µÚ¿¡, ¾Õ¿¡ ÀϾ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇϸ鼭, °á·ÐÀ¸·Î¼­ ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡®Ãµ±¹ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚ µÈ ¼­±â°ü¸¶´Ù[Áï Áø¸®¸¦ ¹è¿î ¸ðµç ÀÐ°í ¾µ ÁÙ ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷] ¸¶Ä¡ »õ°Í°ú ¿¾ °ÍÀ» ±× °÷°£¿¡¼­ ³»·Á ¿À´Â[±¸º°ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ÇÔ²²] Áý ÁÖÀΰú °°À¸´Ï¶ó.¡¯

St. Irenaeus, and following him the whole Church, understood these words in that way; but quite arbitrarily, and to the infringement of the meaning of the whole speech, attached to them also the implication that all that was old was sacred. The plain meaning is that he who seeks what is good takes not only what is new but what is old, and that it must not be rejected simply because it is old. By these words Christ says that he does not deny those things in the old law which are eternal. But when he is spoken to of the whole law or its forms, he says that one must not pour new wine into old bottles. Christ could not confirm the whole law, but neither could he reject the whole law and the prophets- that law in which is said, ¡®Love thy neighbor as thyself', and those prophets whose words he often used to express his own thoughts. And lo and behold, instead of this simple, clear understanding of these words, which as they were spoken and in the way they confirm the whole of Christ's teaching are very simple, a misty explana¡©tion is substituted introducing a contradiction where none existed and thereby destroying the meaning of the teaching and reducing it to verbiage, and practically re-establishing the teaching of Moses in all its savage cruelty.

¼º ÀÌ·¹³×¿ì½º¿Í ±×¸¦ µû¸£´Â ¸ðµç ±³È¸µµ ÀÌ ¸»µéÀ» ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª À̵éÀº ¸Å¿ì ÀÓÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í Àüü ¸»¾¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¼Õ»ó½ÃŰ¸é¼­, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×°Íµé¿¡´Ù°¡ ¿À·¡µÈ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù´Â ¾Ï½Ã¸¦ ºÎ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÀǹÌÀÎÁï, ¼±À» ±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº »õ·Î¿î °Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹¬Àº °Íµµ ÃëÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹¬Àº °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ °ÅºÎµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»¾¸µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿¾³¯ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ã±â¾î À־ ¿µ¿øÇÑ °ÍµéÀº °ÅºÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â Àüü À²¹ýÀ̳ª ±× Çü½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ¿ì¸®°¡ »õ ¼úÀ» ¹¬Àº º´µé¿¡ ºÎ¾î¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Àüü À²¹ýÀ» ½ÂÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Àüü À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚµé- ¡¯³× ÀÌ¿ôÀ» ³× ¸ö°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¶ûÇ϶󡯴 À²¹ý°ú, ±×°¡ Á¾Á¾ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ç»óµéÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸»µéÀ» ÀοëÇÏ´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚµé- À» °ÅºÎÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í º¸¶ó, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»¾¸ÇϽб״ë·Î, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ Àüü°¡ ¸Å¿ì ´Ü¼øÇÏ´Ù°í ±×°ÍµéÀÌ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý ¾È¿¡¼­, ÀÌ·± ¸»¾¸µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÅä·Ï ´Ü¼øÇÏ¸ç ¸í·áÇÑ ÀÌÇØ ´ë½Å¿¡, ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ ÇØ¼®À¸·Î ´ëüÇÏ¿© ¸ð¼øÀÌ ¾ø´Â °÷¿¡ ¸ð¼øÀ» ¼Ò°³Çϰí, ±×·¡¼­, °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÆÄ±«Çϰí ÀåȲÇÑ ¸»·Î Àü¶ô½Ã۸ç, »ç½Ç»ó, ±× ¸ðµç ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ÀÜȤÇÔÀ¸·Î ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» º¹¿øÇϰí¾ß ¸¶´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

According to all the Church's interpretations, especially since the fifth century, Christ did not infringe the written law but confirmed it. But how did he confirm it? How can the law of Christ be united with the law of Moses? To that no reply is given. In the interpretations a play of words is made use of, and it is said that Christ fulfilled the law of Moses in that in him the prophecies were ful¡©filled, and that Christ through us, by man's faith in him, fulfills the law. The only question essential to every believer (as to how to unite two contradictory laws governing human life) is left without even an attempt to meet it. And the contradiction between the verse in which it is said that Christ does not destroy the law and the verses which say, 'Ye have heard that it was said . . . but I say unto you . . .', and again between the whole spirit of the teaching of Moses and that of Christ, remains in full force.

±³È¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇØ¼®¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ƯÈ÷ 15¼¼±â ÀÌÈÄ¿¡, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó È®ÀÎÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â ¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô È®ÀÎÇßÀ»±î? ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀÌ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý°ú ¾î¶»°Ô °áÇÕµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀº ÇÑ ¸¶µðµµ ¾ø´Ù. ÇØ¼®µé¿¡´Â ¸» Àå³­ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿¹¾ðµéÀÌ ¼ºÃëµÇ¾ú´Ù°í Çϸ鼭 ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© À²¹ýÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º»ÁúÀûÀÎ (Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â µÎ °¡Áö ¸ð¼øµÈ À²¹ýÀ» Çϳª·Î ¹­´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ) ÇѰ¡Áö Àǹ®Àº ½ÉÁö¾î ±×°ÍÀ» Ÿ°³ÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµµµ ¾øÀÌ ³²°ÜÁø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ À²¹ýÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ ±¸Àý°ú ¡®³ÊÈñ´Â ¡¦¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô °íÇÏ´Ï¡¦¡¯¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ±¸Àýµé »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ð¼ø, ±×¸®°í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àüü »ç»ó°ú ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ »ç»ó »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀº, ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÈûÀ» Áö´Ñ ä ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù.

Anyone interested in this question should look at the Church's interpretations of this passage, from St. John Chrysostom to our times. Only by reading these long dissertations will he be clearly convinced that here no solution of the contradiction is offered, but that a contradiction is artificially introduced where none existed.

ÀÌ·± Àǹ®¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸¶óµµ, ¼º Å©¸®¼­½ºÅè¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®µéÀ» Á¶»çÇØ º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± ±ä ³í¹®µéÀ» ÀÐÀ½À¸·Î½á, À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¼®µéÀº ¸ð¼ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± ÇØ´äÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó´õ·¯, ±× Àü¿¡´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´ø ¸ð¼øÀ» ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò°³Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô È®ÀÎÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The impossible attempts to unite the unsuitable clearly indicated that this union is not the result of a mistake but has a clear and definite aim - it was needed. And it is even obvious why it was needed.

¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍµéÀ» °áÇÕÇÏ·Á´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ½Ãµµ´Â ÀÌ·± °áÇÕÀÌ ½Ç¼ö·Î¼­ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸í¹éÇÏ°í ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô °¡¸®Å²´Ù- ±×°ÍÀº ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿Ö ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù.

This is what St. John Chrysostom says, replying to those who rejected the Mosaic law (Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew. Part I. Homily xvi. Pusey's Library of the Fathers, pp. 236-7):

À̰ÍÀº ¼º Á¸ Å©¸®¼­½ºÅèÀÌ ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ´ë´äÇϸ鼭 ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(¸¶Åº¹À½¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼³±³. Á¦ 1ºÎ, ¼³±³ 14. Ǫ¼¼ÀÌÀÇ ±³ºÎµé¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®°í, 236-7ÆäÀÌÁö):

'In the next place, they criticize the Law in the Old Covenant, which bids us put out an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth, and straightway they insult and say: "Why, how can he be good who speaks so?" What then do we say in answer to this? That it is the highest kind of philanthropy. For He made this law, not that we might strike out one another's eyes, but that fear of suffering by others might restrain us from doing any such thing to them. As therefore He threatened the Ninevites with over¡©throw, not that He might destroy them (for had that been His will He ought to have been silent), but that He might by fear make them better and so quiet His wrath: so also hath He appointed a punishment for those who wantonly assail the eyes of others, that if good principles dispose them not to refrain from such cruelty, fear may restrain them from injuring their neighbor's sight.

¡®´ÙÀ½À¸·Î, ±×µéÀº ±¸¾àÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ºñ³­ÇÑ´Ù. ±¸¾àÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´«¿¡´Â ´«À», ±×¸®°í ÀÌ¿¡´Â À̸¦ »ÌÀ¸¶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é ±×µéÀº Áï°¢ ¸ð¿åÀ» Çϸ鼭 ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡°¾Æ´Ï, ÀÌó·³ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼±ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÏ ¼ö Àִ°¡?¡± ±×·¯¸é ¿ì¸®´Â À̰Ϳ¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ¸·Î ¹«¾ùÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡? ±×°ÍÀº °¡Àå ¼þ°íÇÑ Àηù¾ÖÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÌ À²¹ýÀ» ¸¸µå½Å °ÍÀº, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼­·ÎÀÇ ´«À» ¶§·Á¼­ »ÌÀ¸¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ŸÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ °íÅëÀÇ µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¿ì¸®µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ °¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Çϳª´ÔÀº ´Ï´À¿þ¼ºÀÇ Áֹε鿡°Ôµµ ¸ê¸ÁÀÇ À§ÇùÀ» ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀ» ¸ê¸Á½ÃŰ·Á ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó(¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸ê¸ÁÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇß´Ù¸é ±×´Â ´Ù¸¸ ħ¹¬ÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù), ±×µé¿¡°Ô °øÆ÷¸¦ Á־ ȸ°³ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ±×ÀÇ ºÐ³ë¸¦ ÀáÀç¿ì±â À§ÇÔÀ̾ú´ø °Íó·³; Çϳª´ÔÀº ¾ÇÀÇ·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´«À» °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çü¹úÀ» ¸¸µé¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¸¸ÀÏ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ½Å³äµéÀÌ ±×µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×Åä·Ï ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ» ±ÝÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, °øÆ÷·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ ½Ã·Â¿¡ ¼Õ»óÀ» °¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·µµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù.

'And if this be cruelty, it is cruelty also for the murderer to be restrained, and the adulterer checked. But these are the sayings of senseless men and of those that are mad to the extreme of mad¡©ness. For I, so far from saying that this comes of cruelty, should say that the contrary to this would be unlawful, according to men's reckoning. And whereas thou sayest, "Because He commanded to pluck out an eye for an eye, therefore He is cruel"; I say that if He had not given this commandment then He would have seemed, in the judgment of most men, to be that which thou sayest He is.'

¡®¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ À²¹ýÀÌ Á¤¸» ÀÜÀÎÇÏ´Ù¸é, »ìÀÎÀÚ¸¦ Á¦ÁöÇϰí, °£À½ÇÑ ÀÚ¸¦ ÀúÁöÇÔµµ ¿ª½Ã ÀÜÀÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰͵éÀº Á¦Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±×¸®°í ±¤±â°¡ ±Ø¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³ª´Â, À̰ÍÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀÇ °á°ú¶ó°í ¸»Çϱâ´ÂÄ¿³ç, Àΰ£ÀÇ »ó½Ä¿¡ µû¸¥´Ù¸é, À̰Ϳ¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍµéÀÌ ºñÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ´«¿¡´Â ´«À¸·Î »Ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸í·ÉÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, ±×°¡ ÀÜÀÎÇÏ´Ù¡±°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ; ¸¸ÀÏ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÌ·± °è¸íÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ´ëºÎºÐ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡´Â, ´ç½ÅÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀº ±×·¸´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.¡¯

St. John Chrysostom definitely accepts the law of a tooth for a tooth as divine, and what opposes the taking of a tooth for a tooth (that is to say, Christ's teaching of non-resistance) as unlawful (pp. 237-8). 'For let us suppose that this law has been done away', says St. John Chrysostom, 'and that no one feared the punishment ensuing thereupon, but that license had been given to all the wicked to follow their own dispositions in all security, to adulterers, and to murderers, to perjured persons and to parricides; would not all things have been turned upside down ? Would not cities, market- places and houses, sea and land, and the whole world, have been filled with unnumbered pollutions and murders? Every¡©one sees it. For when there are laws, and fear, and threats, our evil dispositions are hardly checked; were even this security taken away, what is there to prevent men's choosing vice? and what degree of mischief would not then come revelling upon the whole of human life? The rather, since cruelty lies not only in allowing the bad to do what they will, but in another thing too quite as much; to overlook, and leave uncared for, him who hath done no wrong, but who is without cause or reason suffering ill. For tell me: were anyone to gather together wicked men from all quarters, and arm them with swords, and bid them go about the whole city and massacre all that came in their way, could there be anything more like a wild beast than he? And what if some other should bind, and confine with the utmost strictness, those whom that man had armed, and should snatch from out those lawless hands them who were on the point of being butchered, could anything be greater humanity than this?'

¼º Å©¸®¼­½ºÅèÀº ÀÌ¿¡´Â À̸¦ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰í, ÀÌ¿¡´Â À̸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓ¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â °Í(Áï, ¹«ÀúÇ׿¡ °üÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§)À» ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù (237-8ÆäÀÌÁö). ¼º Å©¸®¼­½ºÅèÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®ÀÌÀ¯ÀÎÁï, ÀÌ À²¹ýÀÌ ÆóÁöµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀÌ ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´ø ó¹úÀ» ¾Æ¹«µµ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼ºº®¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¸¶À½´ë·Î ÇൿÇÏ°Ô Çϰí, °£À½Àڵ鿡°Ô, »ìÀÎÀڵ鿡°Ô, À§ÁõÀڵ鿡°Ô ±×¸®°í ±ÙÄ£ »ìÇØÀڵ鿡°Ô Á¦¸Ú´ë·Î ÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ; ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ µÚÁýÈ÷Áö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡? µµ½Ãµé, ½ÃÀåµé ±×¸®°í Áýµé, ¹Ù´Ù¿Í À°Áö°¡, ±×¸®°í Àü ¼¼»óÀÌ ¼ö¸¦ ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿À¿°µé°ú »ìÀεé·Î °¡µæÂ÷Áö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡? ´©±¸³ª ±×¸® µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾È´Ù. À²¹ýµé, °øÆ÷ ±×¸®°í À§ÇùµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ ¼ºÇâµéÀº °ÅÀÇ Á¦ÁöµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ¸¸ÀÏ ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ·± ¹æ¾îµéÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù¸é, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ °áÁ¤À» ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ¸·À» °ÍÀΰ¡? ±×¸®°í Àΰ£ÀÇ »î Àüü¿¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ºÒÇàÀÌ µ¤ÃÄ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡? ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ´õÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀº ¾ÇÀεéÀÌ ±×µé ¸¶À½´ë·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¹æÄ¡ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ù¸¥ °Í¿¡¼­µµ ±×¿Í ¶È°°ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù: ¾Æ¹« Àß ¸øµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾Æ¹«·± ¿øÀÎÀ̳ª ÀÌÀ¯ ¾øÀÌ °íÅëÀ» ´çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» °£°úÇÏ°í º¸È£¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ¹ö·Á µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯ÀÎÁï, ³»°Ô ¸»Çغ¸¶ó: ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î´À ´©°¡ ¿Â õÁö¿¡¼­ »ç¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÒ·¯ ¸ð¾Æ¼­, ±×µéÀ» Ä®·Î ¹«Àå½Ã۰í, ±×µé¿¡°Ô Àü µµ½Ã¸¦ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç, ±×µé¿¡°Ô °É¸®´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇлìÇ϶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±× º¸´Ù ´õ ³­ÆøÇÑ Áü½Â °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹«ÀåÇÑ »ç¶÷À» ¹­¾î¼­ ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¾öÁßÇÔÀ¸·Î °¡µÎ¾î µÎ°í, µµ»ìµÇ±â Á÷Àü¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹«¹ýÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡¼­ °¡±î½º·Î ±¸ÇØÁشٸé, À̺¸´Ù ´õ À§´ëÇÑ Àηù¾Ö°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?

St. John Chrysostom does not say by what stan¡©dard one would be guided in determining who are evil. What if he were himself evil and imprisoned the good?

¼º Å©¸®¼­½ºÅèÀº ´©°¡ ¾ÇÀÎÀÎÁö °áÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ À־ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ó¸®ÇØ¾ß µÉ Áö¸¦ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾ÇÀÎÀÌ¶ó¼­ ¼±ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» °¨¿Á¿¡ °¡µÎ¾ú´Ù¸é ¹«¾ùÀ̶ó°í ¸»À» ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡?

'Now then, I bid thee transfer these examples to the Law likewise, for He that commands to pluck out an eye for an eye, hath laid the fear as a kind of strong chain upon the souls of the bad, and so resembles him who detains those assassins in prison; whereas he who appoints no punishment for them, doth all but arm them by such security, and acts the part of that other who was putting the swords in their hands and letting them loose over the whole city.'

¡®ÀÌÁ¦ ±×·¸´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ÀÌ·± ¿¹µéÀ» °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î À²¹ý¿¡ Àû¿ëÇØº¼ °ÍÀ» ´ç½Åµé¿¡°Ô ¸íÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ´«¿¡´Â ´«À» »ÌÀ» °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â ºÐÀº ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ °­ÇÑ ¼è»ç½½·Î¼­ °øÆ÷¸¦ ½É¾î ³õ´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ´Â ±×µé »ìÀÎÀÚµéÀ» °¨¿Á¿¡ Ãijִ »ç¶÷°ú À¯»çÇÏ´Ù; ÀÌ¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ¿© ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«·± ó¹úÀ» °¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¿À·ÎÁö ±×µéÀ» ¾È½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹«Àå½Ã۰í, ±×µéÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ Ä®À» Á־ ½Ã°¡Áö¿¡ Ç®¾î ³õ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷°ú °°´Ù.¡¯

If St. John Chrysostom acknowledged the law of Christ, he should explain who will pluck out the eyes and the teeth and cast others into prison. If he who forbids us to do so, that is to say if God Himself, plucked them out, there would be no con¡©tradiction, but it is men who have to do it; and these men the Son of God has commanded that it should not be done. God said, pluck out teeth, and His Son said, do not pluck them out. One or the other has to be acknowledged; and St, John Chrysostom, and following him the Church in general, acknowledges the command of God the Father, that is to say of Moses, and rejects the command of the Son, that is of Christ, whose teach¡©ing he is supposed to profess. Christ rejects the law of Moses and gives his own. For a man believing in Christ there is no contradiction. Disregarding the law of Moses he believes in the law of Christ and fulfils it. For one believing in the law of Moses there is also no contradiction. The Jews consider the words of Christ vain, and believe in the law of Moses. There is a contradiction only for those who wish to live by the law of Moses but assure themselves and others that they believe the law of Christ - for those whom Christ calls hypocrites, the off¡©spring of vipers.

¸¸ÀÏ ¼º Å©¸®¼­½ºÅèÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» °í¹éÇÏ¿´´õ¶ó¸é, ´©°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´«°ú À̸¦ »Ì°í °¨¿Á¿¡ ó³ÖÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ¼³¸íÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¸°Ô Çϵµ·Ï ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷, ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¸¸ÀÏ Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍµéÀ» »Ì´Â´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¹«·± ¸ð¼øÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±× ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ¸í·ÉÇϽñ⸦ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇØÁ®¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̴Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÌ»¡À» »ÌÀ¸¶ó°í ¸»¾¸ÇϼÌÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº ÀÌ»¡À» »ÌÁö ¸»¶ó°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̴Ù. À̰ÍÀ̳ª Àú°ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾È µÈ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¼º Å©¸®¼­½ºÅè°ú ±×¸¦ µû¸£´Â Àüü ±³È¸´Â, Çϳª´Ô ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ, ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀ̰í, ¾ÆµéÀÇ, Áï, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» °ÅºÎÇϸç, ±×·¯¸é¼­ ±×´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» °í¹éÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¸ð¼øÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µµ ¾Æ¹«·± ¸ð¼øÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. À¯ÅÂÀεéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸µéÀ» ºó ¸»·Î ¿©±â°í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ »ì±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó¸é¼­ ÀڽŵéÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¸¸ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ð¼øÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù- ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ±×µéÀ» À§¼±ÀÚ¶ó°í ºÎ¸£¸ç, ¹ìÀÇ ÀڽĵéÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù.

Instead of acknowledging one of the two, the law of Moses or of Christ, they acknowledge both to be divinely true.

µÑ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª, Áï, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ¶Ç´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÁßÀÇ Çϳª¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µéÀº ¾çÀÚ°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ°¨À» ¹ÞÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

But when the question touches life itself, the law of Christ is simply denied and the law of Moses acknowledged.

±×·¯³ª »î ÀÚü¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀϾ¸é, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀº ¹«Á¶°Ç ÆØ°³ÃÄÁö°í, ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿©Áø´Ù.

In this false interpretation, if one examines its meaning, lies a terrible drama of the struggle of evil and darkness with goodness and light.

ÀÌ·± °ÅÁþµÈ ÇØ¼® ¾È¿¡, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±× Àǹ̸¦ Á¶»çÇØ º¸¸é, ¾Ç °ú ¾îµÒÀÌ, ¼± °ú ºû¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© ÅõÀïÇÏ´Â ¹«¼­¿î µå¶ó¸¶°¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù.

Among the Jewish people, confused by in¡©numerable external rules laid on them by the Levites as divine laws and each stamped with the words 'The Lord said unto Moses', Christ appeared. He found not only the relations of man to God, his sacrifices, holidays, and fasts, but all the relations of man to man- the national, civil, and family relations- and all the details of private life- circumcisions, the washings of man's person, and of his cups and his dress- all defined to the last detail and all acknowledged as the command of God, law of God. What can, I will not say Christ- God- but a prophet or an ordinary teacher, teach to such a people without infringing this law, which defines everything down to the smallest details? Christ, like all the prophets, selects from among the things the people considered to be the law of God that which was really the law of God. He takes the foundations and rejects all the rest, and unites his own revelation of the eternal law with these foundations. There is no need to destroy everything, but inevitably the law, which was considered equally obligatory in all its parts, is broken. Christ does this; and he is accused of breaking what was con¡©sidered to be the law of God, and for this he is executed. But his teaching remains among his disciples and passes into another circle and into other centuries. But in this other circle and these other centuries the new teaching is again over¡©grown by similar accretions, interpretations, and, explanations- again mean human inventions re¡©place the divine revelation. Instead of 'And the Lord said unto Moses', we are told: 'It seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us', and again the letter hides the spirit. And the most surprising of all, the teaching of Christ becomes involved with all that torah(in the meaning of the written law) which he could not but reject. That torah is acknowledged to be the production of the revelation of his Spirit of truth, of the Holy Ghost, and he is himself caught in the meshes of his own revelation and his whole Teaching is reduced to nothing.

À¯Å ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡, ±×µéÀÌ ·¹À§Á·µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ½Å¼ºÇÑ À²¹ýµé·Î ºÎ°úµÇ´Â ¼ö¾øÀÌ ¸¹Àº Çü½ÄÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢µé- °¢±â ±ÔÄ¢µéÀº, ¡®¿©È£¿Í²²¼­ ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô ÀÏ·¯ °¡¶ó»ç´ë¡¯¿Í °°Àº »óÅõÀûÀÎ ¹®±¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù- ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁø »óÅ¿¡¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü°èµé- ±×ÀÇ Á¦¹°µé, ÃàÀϵé, ´Ü½ÄÀϵé- »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ç¶÷°ú »ç¶÷°úÀÇ °ü°è- ¹ÎÁ·Àû, ½Ã¹ÎÀû, °¡Á·ÀûÀÎ °ü°èµé- ±×¸®°í °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ »ó¼¼ÇÑ ¸ðµç ºÎºÐµé- ÇÒ·Ê, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À°Ã¼, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ä±â¿Í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀǺ¹ÀÇ Á¤°á- ±îÁö, ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸· Çϳª¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö Á¤ÀǵǾ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸í·É, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Á³´Ù. ³»°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀ̽б׏®½ºµµ¸¦ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, ´ÜÁö ¼±ÁöÀÚ ¶Ç´Â Æò¹üÇÑ ±³»ç°¡, ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Àú ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ °¡Àå ¼¼¼¼ÇÑ ºÎºÐ±îÁöµµ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·± À²¹ýÀ» Ä§ÇØÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼­, ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸£Ä¥ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ¸ðµç ¼±ÁöÀÚµéó·³, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Â °Íµé ¾È¿¡¼­, ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀÌ´ø °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ±âÃʰ¡ µÇ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ÃëÇÏ°í ¸ðµç ³ª¸ÓÁö °ÍµéÀº ¹ö¸° ´ÙÀ½, ÀÌµé ±âÃʷμ­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀÇ ³»¿ëµé°ú °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î À²¹ýÀº, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç ºÎºÐµé¿¡¼­ ¶È°°ÀÌ Àǹ«ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í ÀÖ´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÆÄ±«µÈ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«Çß´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ºñ³­À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ÀÏ ¶§¹®¿¡ óÇüµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »çȸ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã´ë·Î ÀüÇØÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ´Ù¸¥ »çȸ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã´ëµé ¾È¿¡¼­ ±× »õ·Î¿î °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ´Ù½Ã À¯»çÇÑ ±º´õ´õ±â¿Í, ÇØ¼®µé, ±×¸®°í ¼³¸íµé·Î¼­ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ºñ´ëÇØÁø´Ù- ´Ù½Ã±Ý »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¶ÀÛµéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °è½Ã¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¡®¿©È£¿Í²²¼­ ¸ð¼¼¿¡°Ô ÀÏ·¯ °¡¶ó»ç´ë¡¯ ´ë½Å¿¡ ¡®±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¿Í ¼º·ÉÀ» ±â»Ú°Ô ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù¡¯¸¦ µè°Ô µÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ¹®ÀÚ°¡ Á¤½ÅÀ» °¡¸°´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀº, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ±×°¡ °ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´ø ±× ¸ðµç torah (¼º¹® À²¹ýÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ Àǹ̿¡¼­)¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. torah ´Â ±×ÀÇ Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿µÀÇ, ¼º·ÉÀÇ °è½ÃÀÇ »ê¹°·Î¼­ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °è½ÃÀÇ ±×¹°¿¡ ÀâÇô¼­ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¼öÆ÷·Î µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù.

So that is why, after 1800 years, so strange a thing befell me as to have to discover the meaning of Christ's teaching as though it were something new.

±×·¡¼­ À̰ÍÀÌ, 1800³â µÚ¿¡, ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÌ»óÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ³»°Ô ÀϾ¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¸¶Ä¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀüÇô »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀÎ °Íó·³ ¹ß°ßÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ¿´´Â°¡ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù.

I did not have to discover it, but I had to do what has been done and is being done by all who seek God and His law: to disentangle the eternal law of God from among all the other things people have called by that name.

³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø¾ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÇàÇØÁ® ¿À°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÇàÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù: »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °Íµé¿¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ À²¹ýÀ» Ç®¾î ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¼­¹® ] I. º¹À½ ±³ÈÆÀÇ ¿­¼è ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É ] III. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ý°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý ] IV. ±×¸®½ºµµ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] [ V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ] VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í ] VII. °ÅÁþ ±³¸® ] VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ ] IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§ ] X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù ] XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ ] XII. ½Å¾ÓÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ] Notes ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


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