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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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II. THE COMMAND OF NON-RESISTANCE

II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É

When I understood that the words 'resist not him that is evil' meant 'resist not him that is evil', my former conception of the meaning of Christ's teach¡©ing was suddenly changed, and I was horrified, not at the fact that I had not understood it, but at the strange way in which I had understood the teaching up to that time. I knew, we all know, that the meaning of Christ's teaching is in love to men. To say 'turn your cheek, love your enemies' is to express the essence of Christianity. I knew this from childhood. But why did I not understand these simple words simply, but sought in them some allegorical meaning? 'Resist not him that is evil' means 'never resist him that is evil', that is, never do violence, never do an act that cannot but be contrary to love, and if they then insult you, bear the insult and still do not inflict violence on anyone else. He said it so clearly and simply that it is impossible to say it more clearly. How was it that I, believing or trying to believe that he who said it was God, declared that to fulfill this by my own strength was impossible? The Master says to me, 'Go and chop wood', and I reply, 'I cannot do that by my own strength'. Replying so, I say one of two things, either that I do not believe what the Master says, or that I do not wish to do what he commands. Of the commandment of God which he gave us to perform, and of which he said, 'Whoso doeth this and teacheth men so shall be called great', &c.- of which he said that only those who do it shall receive life; the command which he himself fulfilled and which he expressed so clearly and simply that there can be no doubt about its meaning: it was of this command that I who had never even tried to fulfill it said, 'It is impossible to perform it by my own strength; I need supernatural aid'. God came down on earth to give salvation to men. That salvation consists in this. The Second Person of the Trinity, God the Son, suffered for people and redeemed their sins before his Father, and gave men the Church in which is preserved the grace which is administered to believers. But besides all this that same Son of God also gave people a teaching and an example of life for their salvation. How was it that I said that the rules of life expressed by him simply and clearly for all men were so difficult of accomplishment as to be even impossible without miraculous aid? He not only did not say that, but he said, 'Do it. He that does not do it will not enter into the kingdom of heaven'. And he never said that the performance was difficult. On the contrary he said, ¡®My yoke is easy and my burden is light'. John the Evangelist said, 'His law is not hard'. How was it that I said that what God had told us to do, that act the performance of which he had so exactly defined and of which he had said that to do it was easy, that which he himself performed as a man and which was performed by his first followers- how was it that I said that to do it was so difficult as to be even impossible without miraculous aid? If a man applied the whole strength of his mind to destroy some law that had been given, what more effective for the destruction of such a law could that man say than that the law itself was impracticable, and that the intention of the lawgiver himself concerning his law was that it was impracticable and that to fulfill it needed miraculous aid? And that is just what I thought concerning the law of non-resistance to evil; and I began to remember how this strange thought entered my head- that the law of Christ was divine but that its fulfillment was impossible- and re¡©considering my past I understood that that thought was never conveyed to me in its complete naked¡©ness (it would have repelled me), but that I, with¡©out noticing it, had sucked it in with my mother's milk from my very first childhood, and the whole of my subsequent life had only confirmed in me this strange delusion.

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From childhood I was taught that Christ was God and that his teaching was divine, but at the same time I was taught to respect those institutions which secured by violence my safety from evil men. I was taught to respect these institutions by the priests. I was taught to resist the evil man, and it was inculcated that it is degrading and shameful to submit to the evil man and to endure him. They taught me to judge and to execute; afterwards they taught me to go to war- that is to say to resist the evil man by murder, and the army of which I was a member was called the 'Christ-loving Army', and its activities were sanctified by the blessings of the Church. Moreover, from childhood and until I was a man I was taught to respect what directly con¡©tradicted the law of Christ; to resist an injurer, to revenge myself by violence for a personal, family, or national insult. All this was not merely not con¡©demned, but it was instilled into me that all this was excellent and not contrary to the law of Christ.

³ª´Â ¾î·Á¼­ºÎÅÍ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̸ç, ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ¹è¿ü´Ù, ±×·¯³ª µ¿½Ã¿¡ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ªÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» ÁöÄÑÁÖ´Â Á¦µµµéÀ» Á¸°æÇϵµ·Ï ¹è¿ü´Ù. ³ª´Â ¼ºÁ÷Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ À̵é Á¦µµµéÀ» Á¸°æÇϵµ·Ï ¹è¿ü´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀúÇ×Çϵµ·Ï ¹è¿ü´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ±¼º¹ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀ» ¿ë¼­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºñ±¼ÇÏ°í ¼öÄ¡½º·¯¿î ÀÏÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ±³À°¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô ½ÉÆÇÇϰí óÇüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù; ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ±×µéÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀüÀï¿¡ ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, »ìÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ´ëÇ×ÇÒ °ÍÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ³»°¡ ¼Ò¼ÓÇß´ø ±º´ë´Â ¡®±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ±º´ë¡¯¶ó°í ºÒ·È°í, ±×µéÀÇ È°µ¿Àº ±³È¸ÀÇ ÃູÀ¸·Î ½Å¼º½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ¾î¸¥ÀÌ µÇ±â±îÁö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¹ý¿¡ Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¸°æÇϵµ·Ï ¹è¿ü´Ù; ÇØ¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷´Â ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇ×Çϰí, °³ÀÎÀû, °¡Á·Àû, ¶Ç´Â ±¹°¡ÀûÀÎ ¸ð¿å¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î º¹¼öÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ºñ³­¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¹ý¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁÖÀԵǾú´Ù.

All my circumstances, my tranquility, the safety of myself and my family and my property were all based on the law repudiated by Christ, on the law of a tooth for a tooth. The doctors of the Church taught that Christ's teaching was divine, but its performance impossible on account of human frailty, and only Christ's blessing can assist its performance. The worldly teachers and the whole construction of our life plainly admitted the im¡©practicability and fantastic nature of Christ's teach¡©ing, and by words and deeds taught what was op¡©posed to it. The admission of the impracticability of God's teaching had gradually to such a degree impregnated me and had become so familiar, and it coincided to such a degree with my desires, that I had never before noticed the contradiction with which I was faced. I did not see that it is impossible at one and the same time to confess Christ as God, the basis of whose teaching is non-resistance to him that is evil, and consciously and calmly to work for the establishment of property, law-courts, govern¡©ment, and military forces, to establish a life contrary to the teaching of Christ, and to pray to the same Christ that the law of non-resistance to him that is evil and of forgiveness should be fulfilled among us. That which is so clear had not yet occurred to me: that it would be much simpler to arrange and organize life according to the law of Christ, and then to pray that there should be law-courts, executions, and wars if they are so necessary for our welfare.

³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç ÁÖº¯ ȯ°æ, ³ªÀÇ Æò¾È, ³ª ÀÚ½Å, ³ªÀÇ °¡Á·, ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ Àç»êÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀº ¸ðµÎ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹ý, ÀÌ¿¡´Â À̶ó´Â ¹ý¿¡ ÀǰÅÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ ¹Ú»çµéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½Å¼ºÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× ½ÇÇàÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ³ª¾àÇÔ ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÀºÇý¸¸ÀÌ ±× ½ÇÇàÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¼¼¼ÓÀÇ ±³»çµé°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇØ¼®µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´É¼º°ú ȯ»óÀûÀÎ ¼º°ÝÀ» ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÏ°Ô ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí, ±×°Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»°ú ÇൿÀ¸·Î¼­ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´É¼ºÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤Àº Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·¸°Ô ³ª¿¡°Ô ½º¸çµé¾î¿Í¼­ ¸Å¿ì Ä£¹ÐÇØÁ³À¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ³ªÀÇ ¿å¸Áµé°ú ¸Â¾Æ ¶³¾îÁ®¼­ ³ª´Â °áÄÚ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³»°¡ ¸ÂÀÌÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¸ð¼øÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ³ª´Â Çѹø¿¡ ±×¸®°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ Çϳª´ÔÀ¸·Î °í¹éÇϰí, ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Åä´ë´Â ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÓ¿¡µµ, ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í Àº¹ÐÈ÷ Àç»ê, ÀçÆÇ, Á¤ºÎ, ±×¸®°í ±º´ëµéÀÇ Çü¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â »îÀ» È®¸³Çϸç, ¶È °°Àº ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ× ¹× ¿ë¼­ÀÇ ¹ýÀÌ ¿ì¸®µé ¾È¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇàµÉ °ÍÀ» ±âµµÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ³Ê¹«³ª ¸í¹éÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¶°¿À¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù: ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ±×Åä·Ï ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ »îÀ» ÁغñÇϰí Á¶Á÷Çϸç, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ÀçÆÇµé, óÇüµé, ÀüÀïµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ±âµµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÈξÀ ´Ü¼øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

And I understood how my mistake had arisen. It had arisen from obedience to Christ in words and denial of him in deeds.

±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ À߸øÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°Ü³µ´ÂÁö ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ¸»·Î¼­ ¹ÏÀ¸¸é¼­ ÇൿÀ¸·Î ±×¸¦ ºÎÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.

The command of non-resistance to him that is evil is one that makes a complete whole of all the teaching, but this only if it is not a mere saying, but an obligatory rule- a law to be fulfilled.

¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀº ¸ðµç °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Àüü¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇÑ °æ±¸°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àǹ«°¡ µû¸£´Â ±ÔÄ¢- ÁؼöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¹ý- ÀÏ ¶§¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù.

It is really a key which opens everything, but only when it is pushed into the lock. The treatment of this statement as a mere saying impossible of fulfillment without supernatural aid is the destruction of the whole teaching, and what but an impossibility can any teaching appear to men from which the unifying, fundamental thesis has been removed? To an unbeliever it even appears simply stupid and cannot appear otherwise.

À̰ÍÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¿©´Â ¿­¼èÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¹°¼è ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¬À» ¶§¿¡¾ß ±×·¸´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¼±¾ðÀ» ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ µµ¿òÀÌ ¾øÀÌ´Â ½ÇÇàÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ±Ý¾ðÀ¸·Î ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀº Àüü °¡¸£Ä§À» Æó±âÇÔÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ÅëÀÏµÇ°í ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÁÖÀåÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÔ ¸»°í ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ´À²¸Áö°Ú´Â°¡? ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Õ ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÉÁö¾î ´ÜÁö ¾î¸®¼®°Ô º¸ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ¸ç ´Þ¸® º¸ÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

To put an engine in position, to heat the boiler, to set it in motion, but not to attach the connecting belt, was what was done with the teaching of Christ when people began to teach that you can be a Christian without fulfilling the law of non-resistance to him that is evil.

¿£ÁøÀ» ÀåÄ¡Çϰí, º¸ÀÏ·¯¸¦ µ¥¿ì°í, ±×°ÍÀ» µ¿ÀÛ½ÃŰ°í¼­µµ, ¿¬°á º§Æ®¸¦ ´ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¹ýÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇàÇØÁö´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù.

I was recently reading the Fifth Chapter of Matthew with a Jewish Rabbi. At almost every sentence the Rabbi said, 'That is in the Jewish Canon. That is in the Talmud', and he pointed out to me in the Old Testament and the Talmud dicta very similar to the dicta of the Sermon on the Mount. But when we came to the verse about non-resistance to him that is evil he did not say, 'And that is in the Talmud', but only ironically asked me: 'Do the Christians fulfill that? Do they turn the other cheek ?' I had no reply, especially as I knew that at that very time Christians were not only not turning the other cheek, but were striking cheeks the Jews had turned. But I was interested to know whether there was anything similar in the Old Testament or in the Talmud, and I asked him about this. He replied: 'No, it is not there. But tell me whether the Christians fulfill this law.' By this question he showed me that the presence of this rule in the Christian law, which not only is not performed by anyone, but which Christians themselves admit to be impracticable, is an admission of the irrationality and superfluity of the Christian law. And I had no reply to give him.

³ª´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ À¯Å±³ÀÇ À²¹ý ÇÐÀÚ¿Í ÇÔ²² ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5ÀåÀ» Àаí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸Å ¹®À帶´Ù ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù, ¡®±×°ÍÀº À¯´ë±³ ¼º¼­¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Àú°ÍÀº Å»¹«µå¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¡¯°í ¸»Çß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±¸¾à ¼º¼­¿Í Å»¹«µå¿¡¼­, »ê»ó¼öÈÆ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áß¿ä ±¸Àý°ú ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀ» ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁöÀûÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ Çà¿¡ À̸£·¶À» ¶§ ±×´Â, ¡®±×°ÍÀº Å»¹«µå¿¡µµ ÀÖ´Ù¡¯°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ´ë½Å¿¡ ±×´Â ³ÍÁö½Ã ³ª¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù: ¡®±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº À̰ÍÀ» ÀÌÇàÇմϱî? ±×µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ »´À» µ¹·Á´ð´Ï±î?¡¯ ³ª´Â ´ë´äÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù, Ưº°È÷ ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡ ³ª´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »´À» µ¹·Á´ëÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »´À» µ¹·Á´ë´Â À¯ÅÂÀεéÀ» ¶§¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â Ȥ½Ã ±¸¾à ¼º¼­³ª Å»¹«µå¿¡ À¯»çÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±Ã±ÝÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ±×¿¡°Ô À̰ÍÀ» ¹°¾îº¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ´ë´äÇß´Ù: ¡®¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù, °Å±â¿¡ ±×·± °ÍÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÌ ÀÌ ¹ýÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸»¾¸ÇØ ÁֽʽÿÀ.¡¯ ÀÌ·± Áú¹®À¸·Î, ±×´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¹ý¿¡ ÀÌ·± ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀº, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­µµ ÁöÄÑÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±âµ¶±³ÀÎµé ½º½º·Î°¡ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖÀ½À¸·Î½á, ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ ¹ýÀÇ ºÎÁ¶¸®¼º°ú ¹«¿ë¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁ¤À̶ó°í ÁöÀûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ´ë´äÇÒ ¸»ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.

Now having understood the meaning of this teaching, I see clearly the strange internal contradiction with which I was faced. Having admitted Christ to be God and his law to be divine, and having at the same time arranged my life in contra¡©diction to the teaching, what was left me but to ad¡©mit that the teaching was impracticable? In words I admitted the teaching of Christ to be holy, in prac¡©tice I professed a quite unchristian teaching and admitted and submitted to unchristian institutions which surrounded me on all sides.

ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´Ý°í ³ª´Ï, ³»°¡ ¸¶ÁÖÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÀÌ»óÇÑ ³»ÀûÀÎ ¸ð¼øÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ°í ±×ÀÇ ¹ýÀº ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤Çϸ鼭, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³ªÀÇ »îÀ» ±× °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¸ð¼øµÇ°Ô »ì¾Æ °£´Ù¸é, ±× °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Í ¸»°í ³»°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÌ ³²°Ú´Â°¡? ¸»·Î´Â ³ª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â, ³Ê¹«³ª ºñ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§À» °í¹éÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ³ª¸¦ ¿ÂÅë µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â ºñ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ Á¦µµµéÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í º¹Á¾Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

The whole of the Old Testament says that the misfortunes of the Jewish people were the effect of their believing in false gods and not in the true God. Samuel, in his First Book, chapters viii and xii, told the people that to all their former disobedience they had added a new one. Instead of God who had been their King they had chosen a man-king, whom they thought would save them. Do not believe in 'vain things', says Samuel to the people (xii. 21). It cannot help you or save you because it is 'vain'-  empty. That you may not perish together with your king, cling to the one God.

±¸¾à¼º¼­ Àüü´Â À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ºÒÇàµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ °ÅÁþµÈ ½ÅµéÀ» ¹Ï°í ÂüµÈ ½ÅÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¹«¿¤Àº, »ç¹«¿¤ Àü¼­ 8Àå ¹× 12Àå¿¡¼­, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ °ú°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÒº¹Á¾¿¡´Ù ±×µéÀº ÇѰ¡Áö »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ» ´õÇß´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¿ÕÀ̾ú´ø Çϳª´Ô ´ë½Å¿¡ ±×µéÀº Àΰ£ ¿ÕÀ» ¼±ÃâÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×°¡ ±×µéÀ» ±¸¿øÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¡®ÇêµÈ °Í¡¯À» ¹ÏÁö ¸»¶ó°í »ç¹«¿¤Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù(12Àå 21Àý). ±×°ÍÀº À¯ÀÍÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê°í ±¸¿øÇÏÁöµµ ¸øÇϸ®´Ï, ±×°ÍÀº ¡®ÇêµÈ °Í¡¯- ¡¯°øÇãÇÔ¡¯- À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ³ÊÈñ´Â ¿Õ°ú ´õºÒ¾î ¸ê¸ÁÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ¸·Á¸é, À¯ÀÏÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀ» ºÙµé¶ó.

And it was faith in that 'vain thing', in empty idols, that hid the truth from me. On the path to it, hiding its light from me, stood those 'vain things' which I had not strength to reject.

±×¸®°í ³ª¸¦ Áø¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ °¡¸° °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ¡®ÇêµÈ °Í¡¯, Áï °øÇãÇÑ ¿ì»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â ±æ À§¿¡, ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ Áø¸®ÀÇ ºûÀ» °¡¸®¸é¼­, ±×·± ¡®ÇêµÈ °Íµé¡¯ÀÌ ¼­ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ ÈûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.

I was walking the other day towards the Borovftski Gates of the Moscow Kremlin. At the gates sat an old crippled beggar, wrapped round the ears with some rag. I took out my purse to give him something. Just then, coming down from the Kremlin, ran a manly, ruddy young fellow, a grenadier in his regimental sheepskin coat. The beggar, on seeing the soldier, jumped up in dismay, and ran limping down towards the Alexandrov Gardens. The grenadier started to catch him, but, without overtaking him, stopped and began abusing the beggar for sitting at the gateway though it was pro¡©hibited. I awaited the grenadier at the gate. When he came up to me I asked him if he could read.

¾î´À³¯ ³ª´Â ¸ð½ºÅ©¹ÙÀÇ Å©·¹¹É¸° ±ÃÀÇ ºê·Îºñ½ºÅ° ¹® ÂÊÀ» °É¾î°¡°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ¹® ¾Õ¿¡´Â ÇÑ ´ÄÀº Àý¸§¹ßÀÌ °ÅÁö°¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ´©´õ±â·Î ±Í¸¦ °¨½Î°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÁÖ·Á°í Áö°©À» ²¨³Â´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ±×¶§, Å©·¹¹É¸° ¼º ÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¾¿¾¿Çϰí Ç÷»ö ÁÁÀº û³âÀÌ ´Þ·Á ³»·Á ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ¾ç°¡Á×À¸·Î ¸¸µç Á¦º¹À» ÀÔÀº ±ÙÀ§º´À̾ú´Ù.±× °ÅÁö´Â º´»ç¸¦ º¸ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ³î¶ó ¹ú¶± ÀϾ¼­, ¾Ë·º»êµå·ÎÇÁ °ø¿ø ÂÊÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸®¸¦ Àý¸§°Å¸®¸ç ¶Ù¾î³»·Á °¬´Ù. ±ÙÀ§º´Àº ±×¸¦ µû¶ó ÀâÀ¸·Á ÇßÁö¸¸ ³õÃĹö¸®°í´Â ¸ØÃß¾î ¼¹´Ù ±×¸®°í ±ÝÁöµÇ¾úÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¹® ¾Õ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÅÁö¿¡°Ô ¿å¼³À» ÆÛº×±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ³ª´Â ±× ±ÙÀ§º´À» ¹®¿¡¼­ ±â´Ù·È´Ù. ±×°¡ ³»°Ô ´Ù°¡ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§, ³ª´Â ±×°¡ ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¹°¾ú´Ù.

'I can, what about it?' 'Have you read the Gospels?' 'I have.' 'And have you read, "For I was an hungered, and ye gave me meat" ?' And I quoted that passage. He knew it and listened to it, and I saw that he was uneasy. Two passers-by stopped to listen. It was plain that the grenadier was hurt to feel that he, fulfilling his duty excellently and driving beggars away from the place they had to be driven from, suddenly appeared to be in the wrong. He was agitated, and was evidently seeking a rejoinder. Suddenly in his clever black eyes a light gleamed, and he turned sideways to me as though to walk away. 'And have you read the Military Code?' asked he. I said I had not read it. 'Then don't talk', said the grenadier tossing his head triumphantly, and adjusting his coat he proceeded confidently to his post. This was the only man I ever met in all my life who quite logically decided the eternal question with which our social state, being what it is, faced me and faces every man who calls himself a Christian.

¡®¾ËÁö¿ä, ±×·±µ¥ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»´Ü ¸»ÀԴϱî?¡¯ ¡®´ç½ÅÀ» º¹À½¼­¸¦ Àоú¼Ò?¡¯ ¡®Àоú½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯ ¡®±×·¸´Ù¸é ´ç½ÅÀº, ¡°³»°¡ ÁÖ¸± ¶§¿¡ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í¡±¸¦ ÀÐ¾î º¸¾Ò´Â°¡?¡¯ ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±× ±¸ÀýÀ» ÀοëÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ï¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°¡ ´çÈ²ÇØ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. Áö³ª°¡´Â µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ØÃ߾ ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ï¿´´Ù. ±ÙÀ§º´Àº, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ÈǸ¢È÷ ¼öÇàÇÏ°í °ÅÁöµéÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ÂѰܳª¾ß ÇÒ °÷¿¡¼­ ÂÑ¾Æ ³¿À¸·Î½á, °©Àڱ⠾ÇÀÇ Æí¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À³¢°í´Â ¸¶À½ÀÌ ÆíÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ½ÀÌ ¸í¹éÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ´çÈ²ÇØ¼­ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ º¯¸íÇÒ °Å¸®¸¦ ã°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µ¹¿¬È÷ ±×ÀÇ ¿µ¸®ÇÑ ±î¸¸ ´«¿¡¼­ ºûÀÌ ¹Ý¦¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¸¶Ä¡ °¥ °Íó·³ ³ªÀÇ ¿·À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¼¹´Ù. ¡®±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ±º´ëÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤À» ÀÐ¾î º¸½Å ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?¡¯ ±×°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÐÀº ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ¡®±×·¸´Ù¸é ¸»¾¸ »ï°¡½Ê½Ã¿À¡¯ ÇÏ°í ±× ±ÙÀ§º´Àº ±×ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ÀDZâ¾ç¾çÇÏ°Ô Èçµé¸é¼­ ¸»Çß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿Ê ¸Å¹«»õ¸¦ °íÄ¡°í È®½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÃʼҷΠ³ª¾Æ°¬´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ, ³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç Àλý¿¡¼­ ¸¸³­ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼­, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »çȸÀû »óȲÀÌ, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö, ³ª¿Í ´ëÄ¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ̶ó°í ÀÏÄ´ °¢ °³Àΰú ´ëÄ¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ »ó´çÈ÷ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù.

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¼­¹® ] I. º¹À½ ±³ÈÆÀÇ ¿­¼è ] [ II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É ] III. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ý°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý ] IV. ±×¸®½ºµµ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ] VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í ] VII. °ÅÁþ ±³¸® ] VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ ] IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§ ] X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù ] XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ ] XII. ½Å¾ÓÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ] Notes ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


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