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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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2. Do not indulge yourself in sexual gratification. 2. ¼ºÀûÀÎ ¸¸Á·¿¡ ÁýÂøÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.

After the first commandment the second revealed itself to me with equal clearness. It also begins with a reference to the ancient law. In Matt. v. 27-30 it is said: 'You have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery [Exod. xx. 14]. But I say unto you, that whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. And if thy right eye causeth thee to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from thee; for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body be cast into hell. But if thy right hand causeth thee to stumble, cut it off and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body go into hell.'

Á¦ 2ÀÇ °è¸íÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¸í·á¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ³ª¿¡°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¸¶Åº¹À½ Á¦5Àå 7Àý¿¡¼­ 30Àý±îÁö¿¡ ¿¾ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù. ¡®¶Ç °£À½Ä¡ ¸»¶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡ µé¾úÀ¸³ª[Ãâ¾Ö±Þ±â 20Àå 14Àý] ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ º¸°í À½¿åÀ» ǰ´Â ÀÚ¸¶´Ù ¸¶À½¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì °£À½ÇÏ¿´´À´Ï¶ó ¸¸ÀÏ ³× ¿À¸¥ ´«ÀÌ ½ÇÁ·ÄÉ ÇÏ°Åµç »©¾î ¹ö¸®¶ó ³× ¹éü Áß¿¡ Çϳª°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö°í ¿Â ¸öÀÌ Áö¿Á¿¡ ´øÁö¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ À¯ÀÍÇÏ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¸ÀÏ ³× ¿À¸¥¼ÕÀÌ ³Ê·Î ½ÇÁ·ÄÉ Çϰŵç Âï¾î ³»¹ö¸®¶ó ³× ¹éü Áß¿¡ Çϳª°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö°í ¿Â ¸öÀÌ Áö¿Á¿¡ ´øÁö¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ À¯ÀÍÇϴ϶ó.¡¯

Matt. v. 31-2: 'It was said also, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement [Deut. xxiv. i]. But I say unto you, everyone that putteth away his wife [besides the sin of adultery, gives her cause to commit adultery], and whosoever shall marry her that is put away committeth adultery.'

¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 31Àý¿¡ ¡®¶ÇÇÑ ±â·ÏµÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï, ´©±¸µçÁö ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®°Åµç ÀÌÈ¥ Áõ¼­¸¦ ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª[½Å¸í±â 24Àå 1Àý], ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ´©±¸µçÁö [À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í¾øÀÌ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®¸é ÀÌ´Â Àúµµ °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀÌ¿ä], ¶Ç ´©±¸µçÁö ¹ö¸° ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚµµ °£À½ÇÔÀ̴϶ó.¡¯

The meaning of these words appeared to me to be this: a man should not admit even the thought that he can have connexion with any woman but the one with whom he first has sexual relations, and must never change her for another as was per¡©mitted by the Mosaic law.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸»µéÀÇ Àǹ̴ ³»°Ô ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¸¿´´Ù: ³²ÀÚ´Â ±×°¡ Á¦ÀÏ Ã³À½ ¼º °ü°è¸¦ °¡Áø ¿©¼º ¿Ü¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í °áÇÕÇÒ »ý°¢Á¶Â÷ ÀÎÁ¤Çؼ­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡¼­ Çã¿ëµÇ´ø °Íó·³ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¿©¼ºÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¿©¼º°ú ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

As in the First Commandment against anger we are advised to extinguish anger at its commence¡©ment, advice that is illustrated by the comparison with a man brought before a court of justice, so here Christ says that adultery arises from the fact that women and men regard each other as objects of desire. That this may not be so it is necessary to remove all that might arouse lust. One must avoid all that evokes lust, and having once united oneself with a woman must under no circumstances aban¡©don her, for the abandonment of wives causes de¡©pravity. The abandoned wives tempt other men and spread depravity abroad in the world.

ºÐ³ë¸¦ ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â Á¦ 1 °è¸í¿¡¼­, ¹ýÁ¤¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁö´Â »ç¶÷°úÀÇ ºñ±³¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿¹°¡ ÁÖ´Â Ãæ°í¿Í °°ÀÌ, ¿ì¸®°¡ ºÐ³ë°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ºÐ³ë¸¦ ²ô¶ó´Â ±Ç°í¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °Íó·³, ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿©ÀÚµé°ú ³²ÀÚµéÀÌ ¼­·Î¸¦ ¿å¸ÁÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ °£À½ÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ »ý±âÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á¸é Á¤¿åÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Á¤¿åÀ» ºÒ·¯¿À´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇØ¾ß Çϸç, ÀÏ´Ü ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ ÀÌ»ó ¾î¶² »óȲ¿¡¼­µµ ±×³à¸¦ ¹ö·Á¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸²Àº Ÿ¶ôÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹ö·ÁÁø ¾Æ³»´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³²ÀÚ¸¦ À¯È¤ÇÏ°í ³Î¸® ¼¼»ó¿¡ Ÿ¶ôÀ» ÆÛ¶ß¸°´Ù.

The wisdom of this commandment impressed me. It removes all the evil that flows from sexual rela¡©tions. Men and women, knowing indulgence in sexual relations to lead to strife, should avoid all that evokes desire; and, knowing it to be the law of man's nature to live in couples, should unite with one another in couples and never under any cir¡©cumstances infringe these alliances; so that the whole evil of strife caused by sexual relations is removed by the fact that there are no solitary men or women left deprived of married life.

ÀÌ °è¸íÀÇ ÁöÇý´Â ³ª¸¦ °¨µ¿½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¼º °ü°è¿¡¼­ Èê·¯ ³ª¿À´Â ¸ðµç ¾ÇµéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù. ³²ÀÚµé°ú ¿©ÀÚµéÀº, ¼º °ü°è¿¡ Ž´ÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒÈ­¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, Á¤¿åÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í, ÇÑ ½ÖÀ¸·Î »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»´ÉÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼­·Î°¡ ÇÑ ½ÖÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¾î¶² »óȲ¿¡¼­µµ ÀÌ·± °áÇÕµéÀ» ħ¹üÇØ¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù; ±×·¡¼­ ¼º °ü°è¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºÒÈ­¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀº, °áÈ¥ »ýȰÀ» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ Ã¼ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â °íµ¶ÇÑ ³²ÀÚµéÀ̳ª ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù.

But the words which had always surprised me when reading the Sermon on the Mount, except for the sin of adultery, understood in the sense that a man may divorce his wife if she has committed adultery, now struck me yet more forcibly.

±×·±µ¥ ³»°¡ »ê»ó¼öÈÆÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¶§¸é ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ª¸¦ ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏ´ø ¸»ÀÎ, ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í ¾øÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»Àº, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×³à°¡ °£À½À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇØµµ ÁÁ´Ù´Â Àǹ̷ΠÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¼­, Áö±Ý ³ª¿¡°Ô ÈξÀ ´õ °­ÇÏ°Ô Ãæ°ÝÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

In addition to the fact that there is something undignified in the way of expressing this thought, putting this strange exception to the general rule (which is introduced like a note to a paragraph of a code of laws) beside profoundly important truths, the exception itself contradicts the fundamental thought.

ÀÌ·± »ç»óÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­ ¹«°Ô¾ø´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©¼­, °¡Àå ½É¿ÀÇÑ Áø¸®µé ¿·¿¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ÀÌ»óÇÑ(¹ý·ü Á¶Ç×ÀÇ ´Ü¶ô¿¡ ´Ü¼­Ã³·³ »ðÀÔµÈ) ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ µÎ´Â °Í, Áï ¿¹¿Ü ±× ÀÚü°¡ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ »ç»ó¿¡ ¸ð¼øµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

I turned to the commentators, and they all (St. John Chrysostom and the others), and even the learned theological critics such as Reuss, admitted that these words meant that Christ sanctions divorce in case of a wife's adultery, and that in Matt. xix in Christ's remarks forbidding divorce, the words 'except for fornication' mean the same thing. I read and re-read chapter v. 32, and it seemed to me that it could not mean an approval of divorce. To verify this I referred to the contexts, and found in the Gospels of Matt. xix, Mark x, and Luke xvi, and in the First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, an explanation of the teaching of marriage inviola¡©bility without any exceptions.

³ª´Â ÁÖ¼®°¡µéÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µé ¸ðµÎ(¼º Å©¸®¼­½ºÅè°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé), ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ·ÎÀ̽º °°Àº ÇнÄÀÖ´Â ½ÅÇÐ ºñÆò°¡µéµµ, ÀÌ ¸»Àº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¾Æ³»°¡ °£À½ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌÈ¥À» Çã¶ôÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 19Àå 9ÀýÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥À» ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÎ, ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í¿Ü¿¡¡¯µµ ¶È °°Àº Àǹ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â 5Àå 32ÀýÀ» ÀÐ°í ¶Ç Àоú´Ù, ±×·¯ÀÚ ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌÈ¥À» ½ÂÀÎÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ´À²¸Á³´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ³ª´Â ¹®¸ÆµéÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¸¶Åº¹À½ 19Àå, ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 10Àå, ±×¸®°í ´©°¡º¹À½ 16Àå µîÀÇ º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ ±×¸®°í °í¸°µµÀü¼­¿¡¼­, ¾î¶² ¿¹¿Üµµ ¾øÀÌ °áÈ¥ÆÄ±â´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.

In Luke xvi. 18 it is said: 'Every one that putteth away his wife, and marrieth another, committeth adultery: and he that marrieth one that is put away from a husband committeth adultery.'

´©°¡º¹À½ 16Àå 18Àý¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡®¹«¸© ±× ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ µ¥ Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚµµ °£À½ÇÔÀÌ¿ä ¹«¸© ¹ö¸®¿î ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚµµ °£À½ÇÔÀ̴϶ó.¡¯

In Mark x. 5-12 it is also said, without any ex¡©ception: 'For your hardness of heart Moses wrote this commandment. But from the beginning of the creation, male and female made he them. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and cleave unto his wife; and the twain shall become one flesh: so that they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together let no man put asunder. And in the house his disciples asked him again of this matter. And he said unto them, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her. And if she herself shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery.' The same is repeated in Matt. xix. 4-9.

¸¶°¡º¹À½10Àå 5~12Àý¿¡µµ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿¹¿Üµµ ¾øÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼­ ÀúÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£½ÃµÇ ³ÊÈñ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¿Ï¾ÇÇÔÀ» ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´°Å´Ï¿Í âÁ¶½Ã·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀúÈñ¸¦ ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µå¼ÌÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±× ºÎ¸ð¸¦ ¶°³ª¼­ ±× µÑÀÌ ÇÑ ¸öÀÌ µÉÁö´Ï¶ó. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑÁï ÀÌÁ¦ µÑÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¿ä ÇÑ ¸öÀÌ´Ï ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ Â¦Áö¾î ÁֽаÍÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ª´©Áö ¸øÇÒÂî´Ï¶ó ÇϽôõ¶ó Áý¿¡¼­ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ¹¯Àڴµ¥ À̸£½ÃµÇ ´©±¸µçÁö ±× ¾Æ³»¸¦ ³»¾î ¹ö¸®°í ´Ù¸¥µ¥ Àå°¡µå´Â ÀÚ´Â º»Ã³¿¡°Ô °£À½À» ÇàÇÔÀÌ¿ä ¶Ç ¾Æ³»°¡ ³²ÆíÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ´Ù¸¥µ¥·Î ½ÃÁý°¡¸é °£À½À» ÇàÇÔÀ̴϶ó.¡¯ ¸¶Å¸ñÀ½19Àå 9Àýµµ ÀÌ¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

In the First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, vii. 1-12, the idea of forestalling depravity by each husband and wife, when once they have united, not abandoning one another, but satisfying one another in sexual relations is developed. It is also plainly said that neither of them must on any account desert the other to have relations with someone else.

°í¸°µµ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° ¼­ÇÑ, 7Àå 1~12Àý¿¡¼­, ³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»·Î¼­ ÇÑ ¹ø °áÇÕÇÏ¸é ¼­·Î¸¦ ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê°í, ¼º °ü°è¿¡¼­ ¼­·Î¸¦ ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á, °¢±â ³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Å¸¶ôÀ» ¹Ì¿¬¿¡ ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ Àü°³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À Æíµµ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­µçÁö ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú °ü°èµéÀ» °¡Áö±â À§Çؼ­ »ó´ë¹æÀ» ¹ö·Á¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù°í ¸í¹éÈ÷ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

By Mark, Luke, and Paul's Epistle divorce is not sanctioned. The sense of the explanation that a husband and a wife are one flesh, united by God- an explanation repeated in two of the Gospels- does not sanction divorce. By Christ's whole teaching which bids us forgive all and makes no exception in the case of an unfaithful wife, divorce is not sanctioned. The meaning of the whole passage, which explains that the dismissal of a wife is the cause of depravity, gives it no sanction.

¸¶°¡º¹À½, ´©°¡º¹À½, ±×¸®°í ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¼­ÇÑ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÀÌÈ¥Àº Àý´ë·Î ¿ë³³µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»´Â ÇÑ ¸öÀ̸ç, Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °áÇյǾú´Ù´Â ¼³¸íÀÇ ÀǹÌ- µÎ º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ´Â ¼³¸í- ´Â ÀÌÈ¥À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¿ë¼­Ç϶ó°í Çϸç Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ¾Æ³»ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡¼­µµ ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ÀÌÈ¥Àº Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Àüü ±¸ÀýÀÇ Àǹ̴Â, ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸²ÀÌ Å¸¶ôÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌÈ¥À» °áÄÚ Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

On what is the interpretation based which sanc¡©tions divorce from an adulterous wife? Only on the words in Matt. v. 32, which seemed to me so strange. They are interpreted by everyone to mean that Christ sanctions divorce if a wife commits adultery, and these same words are repeated in many of the copies of the Gospels and by many Fathers of the Church instead of the words except for fornication (Matt. xix. 5-9).

°£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»¿ÍÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥À» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ÇØ¼®Àº ¹«¾ùÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î Çϰí Àִ°¡? ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸¶Åº¹À½ 5Àå 32ÀýÀÇ ¸»µéÀ̸ç, ±× ¸»Àº ³»°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ³»°¡ °£À½Á˸¦ ¹üÇÏ¸é ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÌÈ¥À» Çã¿ëÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ÇØ¼®µÇ¸ç, ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í ¶§¹®¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â ¸» ´ë½Å¿¡, ÀÌ¿Í ¶È °°Àº ¸»µéÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¼º¼­ »çº»µé°ú ¸¹Àº ±³ºÎµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¹Ýº¹µÈ´Ù.

Again I began to consider these words, but it was long before I could understand them. I saw that there must be a mistake in translation and inter¡©pretation, but where the mistake lay I was long unable to discover. The mistake was evident. Con¡©trasting his commandment with the law of Moses under which any man, as is there said, who hates his wife, can dismiss her and give her a writing of divorcement, Christ says: 'But I say unto you, that everyone that putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication [or, besides the cause of fornication], causeth her to commit adultery.' These words present no antithesis to the Mosaic law, nor even any decision as to whether one may, or may not, divorce. It is only said that putting away a wife gives her occasion to commit adultery.

³ª´Â ´Ù½Ã ÀÌ ¸»µéÀ» °ËÅäÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ±îÁö´Â ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É·È´Ù. ³ª´Â ¹ø¿ª°ú ÇØ¼®¿¡¼­ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾ÒÀ¸³ª, ¾îµð¿¡ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¿À·ù´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °è¸í°ú, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹Ì¿öÇÏ´Â ´©±¸¶óµµ, ±â·ÏµÈ °Íó·³, ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®°í ÀÌÈ¥ Áõ¼­¸¦ ÁÖ´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ´ëºñÇϸ鼭, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í ¾øÀÌ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ´Â Àúµµ °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀÌ¿ä.¡¯ ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý°ú ¾Æ¹«·± ´ëÁ¶°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌÈ¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸²Àº ±×³à¿¡°Ô °£À½ÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁØ´Ù°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

And then suddenly an exception is made in the case of a wife guilty of adultery. This exception concerning a wife guilty of adultery when the matter in hand related to the husband, would in any case be strange and unexpected, and occurring where it does it is simply stupid, for it destroys even such doubtful meaning as the verse otherwise had. It is said that putting away a wife occasions her to commit adultery, and it then allows you to put away a wife guilty of adultery; as though a wife guilty of adultery will then no longer commit adultery.

±×·±µ¥ °©Àڱ⠰£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù. ´« ¾ÕÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ³²Æí°ú °ü·ÃµÈ °æ¿ì ¾Æ³»ÀÇ °£À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¿¹¿Ü´Â ¾î·µç ÀÌ»óÇϰí ÀÇ¿ÜÀÏ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °÷¿¡¼­´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾î¸®¼®¾î º¸ÀδÙ, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ¿¹¿Ü´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ±× ±¸ÀýÀÌ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ø Àǽɽº·¯¿î ÀǹÌÁ¶Â÷ ÆÄ±«Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀº ±×³à¿¡°Ô °£À½ÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁØ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù½Ã °£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù; À̰ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ °£À½ÇÑ ¾Æ³»´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ÀÌ»ó °£À½ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù.

But, more than that, when I examined this passage more carefully I noticed that it does not even make sense grammatically. It is said that everyone that putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery, and the sentence ends! It refers to a man, and says that if he puts away his wife he gives her occasion to commit adultery. Why is it said, saving for the cause of the wife's adultery? If it were said that a man divorcing his wife for any cause except her com¡©mission of adultery, commits adultery, then the sentence would be correct. As it is, to the gram¡©matical subject everyone that putteth away, there is no predicate except causeth. How can that predicate relate to the words saving for the cause of fornication? It is impossible to 'cause, saving for the wife's fornication'! Even if with the words 'saving for the cause of fornication' were included the words 'the wife's', or 'her' (which is not done), even then those words could not relate to the predicate 'causeth'. These words in the accepted interpretation are related to the predicate, putteth away, but putteth away is not the chief predicate: the chief predicate is causeth. Why is 'except for the cause of fornication' wanted? With adultery or without it a husband who puts away his wife equally causeth. The ex¡©pression reads as though someone were to say: 'Whoso depriveth his son of food, except for [or besides] the sin of cruelty, causeth him to be cruel.' Such an expression evidently cannot imply that the father may deprive his son of food if the son is cruel. If it has any meaning it can only be that the father who deprives his son of food, besides the sin of being cruel himself, causes the son too to be cruel. So the Gospel expression would have a meaning if, instead of the words the sin of fornication, it read 'the sin of voluptuousness, dissoluteness, or anything of that kind, expressing not an action but a quality.

±×·¯³ª ±×°Í ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î, ³ª°¡ ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀ» Á»´õ ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô Á¶»çÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ ±×°ÍÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ¹®¹ýÀûÀ¸·Îµµ Á¤È®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷·È´Ù. ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í ¾øÀÌ ±× ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ´Â Àú·Î °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀ̿䡯¶ó°í µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿©±â¼­ ¹®ÀåÀº ³¡³­´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ³²ÆíÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù¸é ³²ÆíÀº ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô °£À½À» ¹üÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁØ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö ¡®À½ÇàÇÑ ¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇßÀ»±î? ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ³»°¡ °£À½ÇÔÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Îµç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº, °£À½À» ÀúÁö¸£´Â ÀÚÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, ¹®ÀåÀº Á¤È®ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥, ¡®¹ö¸®´Â Àڴ¡¯ÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀû Á־ ´ëÇØ¼­, ¡®¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯¿Ü¿¡´Â ¼ú¾î°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ ¼ú¾î°¡ ¡®°£À½ÇÑ ¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»¿¡ ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¡®¾Æ³»ÀÇ °£À½ÇÑ ¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡, ¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù! ½ÉÁö¾î ¡®°£À½ÇÑ ¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»¿¡, ¡®¾Æ³»ÀÇ¡¯, ¶Ç´Â ¡®±×³àÀÇ¡¯ (±×·¸°Ô µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù)¶ó´Â ¸»µéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǴõ¶óµµ, ±× ¸»µéÀº ¼ú¾î ¡®¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯¿Í °ü°èµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â ÇØ¼®¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ¼ú¾îÀÎ ¡®¹ö¸®´Ù¡¯¿Í °ü°èµÇÁö¸¸, ¡®¹ö¸®´Ù¡¯´Â ÁÖµÈ ¼ú¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù: ÁÖµÈ ¼ú¾î´Â ¡®¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖ´Ù¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¡®°£À½ÇÑ ¿¬°í ¿Ü¿¡¡¯´Â ¿Ö ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀϱî? °£À½À» ÇÏ¿´µç ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿´µç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â ³²ÆíÀº ¶È°°ÀÌ °£À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀ» ÁØ´Ù. À§ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ´©±º°¡°¡ ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù: ¡®ÀÜÀÎÇÏ´Ù´Â ÁË ¿Ü¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚ´Â ±×¸¦ ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¸¸ÀÏ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÏ´Ù¸é ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀÇ ÁË ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ¾Æµé ¿ª½Ã ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´ÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¸¸ÀÏ, ¡®°£À½ÀÇ ÁË¡¯¶ó´Â ¸» ´ë½Å¿¡, Á¤¿åÀÇ ÁË, ¹æÅÁÀÇ ÁË, ¶Ç´Â ±×·± Á¾·ùÀÇ ¸», Áï ÇàÀ§°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼ºÁúÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»·Î¼­ ÀÐ´Â´Ù¸é º¹À½¼­ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀº Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

And I asked myself: Is it not simply said that he who puts away his wife, besides being himself guilty of dissoluteness (since people divorce one wife in order to take another), causes his wife also to com¡©mit adultery? If the word 'fornication' in the text is expressed by a word that may also mean dis¡©soluteness, the meaning is clear.

±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù: ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â »ç¶÷Àº, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹æÅÁÇÏ´Ù´Â(¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¹ö¸®±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù) ÁË ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ôµµ °£À½Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¸»°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ¸¸ÀÏ ¿øÀü¿¡¼­ ¡®°£À½¡¯À̶õ ¸»ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¹æÅÁÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¸»·Î¼­ Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù¸é, ±× Àǹ̴ ºÐ¸íÇØÁø´Ù.

What has so often happened in such cases occurred again this time. The text confirmed my supposition so that no further doubt about it was possible.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÈçÈ÷ ÀÏ¾î ³ª´ø ÀÏÀÌ À̹ø¿¡µµ ´Ù½Ã ÀϾ´Ù. ¿øÀüÀÌ ³ªÀÇ ÃßÁ¤À» È®½ÅÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±×·± ÃßÁ¤ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Àǽɵµ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù.

The first thing that caught my eye on looking at the Greek text was that the word is translated by the same word 'fornication' that is used to translate the word, , which is quite a different word. But perhaps these words are synonymous, or are used in the Gospels alterna¡©tively? I looked up all the dictionaries, both the general dictionary and the Gospel dictionary, and I saw that the word which corresponds to the Hebrew zono, and to the Latin fornicatio, the Ger¡©man Hurerei, French libertinage, and the English 'incontinence', has a most definite meaning, and never in any dictionary has meant or can mean the act of fornication, adultere, Ehebruch, as it is trans¡©lated. It means a sinful condition or quality, and never an action, and should not be translated by 'fornication'. Moreover, I see that the word 'adultery', and 'to commit adultery', is everywhere in the Gospels, and even in these verses, represented by the word . And I only had to correct this evidently intentional error in translation for the meaning given by the commentators on this passage and on the passage in chap. xix to become quite impossible, and for it to become indubitable that relates to the husband.

±×¸®½º¾î ¿øÀüÀ» ÃÄ´Ùº¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ³ªÀÇ ½Ã¼±À» ²ö ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °ÍÀº, °¡, »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ¸»ÀÎ ¸¦ ¹ø¿ªÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â, ¡®°£À½¡¯°ú ¶È °°Àº ¸»¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¹ø¿ªµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ÀÌ ¸»µéÀº µ¿ÀǾîÀ̰ųª, º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ ´ëü¾î·Î¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀϱî? ³ª´Â ÀÏ¹Ý »çÀüÀº ¹°·Ð º¹À½ »çÀü±îÁö ¸ðµç »çÀüµéÀ» ã¾Æ º¸¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, ´Â, È÷ºê¸®¾î·Î zono, ±×¸®°í ¶óƾ¾î·Î fornicatio, µ¶ÀϾî·Î Hurerei, ºÒ¾î·Î libertinage, ¹× ¿µ¾î·Î incontinence¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ¸Å¿ì ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹ø¿ªµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, °áÄÚ ¾î¶² »çÀü¿¡¼­µµ °£À½ ÇàÀ§, adultere, Ehebruch¸¦ ÀǹÌÇ߰ųª ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Á˸¦ ÁöÀº »óųª ¼ºÁúÀ» ÀǹÌÇϸç, °áÄÚ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¡®°£À½¡¯À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¡®°£À½¡¯, ±×¸®°í ¡®°£À½À» ÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â ¸»Àº º¹À½¼­ ¾î´À °÷¿¡³ª ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ·± ±¸Àý µé¿¡¼­ ¶ó´Â ¸»·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ÀÌ ±¸Àý°ú 19ÀåÀÇ ±¸Àý¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¼®°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø Àǹ̰¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÇȤÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁ®¼­ °¡ ³²Æí¿¡°Ô °ü·Ã µÇµµ·Ï, ¹ø¿ª¿¡ À־ ÀÌ·± ¸í¹éÇÑ ÀǵµÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹Ù·ÎÀâ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù.

The translation anyone knowing Greek would make is this: -besides, - the guilt, - of dissoluteness, - causes, her, - to commit adultery; and the result is, word for word: 'he who puts away his wife, be¡©sides the sin of dissoluteness, causes her to commit adultery.'

´ÙÀ½Àº ±×¸®½º¾î¸¦ ¾Æ´Â ´©±¸¶óµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹ø¿ªÀÌ´Ù: - À̿ܿ¡, - Á˾Ç, ¹æÁ¾ÀÇ, - ¡¦ÇϰÔÇÏ´Ù, - ±×³àÀÇ, - °£À½ÇÏ´Ù; °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù: ¡®¹æÅÁÀÇ ÁË À̿ܿ¡ ¾Æ³»¿Í ÀÌÈ¥ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô °£À½ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̴϶ó.¡¯

The same sense is found in ch. xix. One need but correct the erroneous translation of the word , and replace the word 'fornication' by the word 'dissoluteness', for it to become plain that the words: cannot refer to the wife. And as the words can only mean 'besides the husband's sin of dissoluteness', so the   in ch. xix can only refer to the husband's dissoluteness. The words are- , word for word: 'if not from dissolute¡©ness.' And this meaning appears: that Christ, replying in this passage to the belief of the Pharisees, who supposed that if a man left his wife, not to live dissolutely but in order to marry another woman, he was not committing adultery- Christ says that the leaving of one's wife, i.e. the cessation of marital relations with her, even if not occasioned by dis¡©soluteness, but done for the sake of marriage- union with another, is also adultery. And a plain meaning results which accords with the whole teaching, with the context, with the grammar, and with logic.

¶È °°Àº Àǹ̰¡ 19Àå¿¡¼­µµ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ À߸øµÈ ¸»ÀÎ ÀÇ À߸øµÈ ¹ø¿ªÀ» ±³Á¤Çϰí, ¡®°£À½¡¯À̶õ ¸»À» ¡®¹æÁ¾¡¯À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¸é, ´Â ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½ÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇØÁø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¡®³²ÆíÀÇ ¹æÅÁÇÑ ÁË¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¡¼­ 19ÀåÀÇ ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³²ÆíÀÇ ¹æÁ¾ÇÔÀ» °¡¸®Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº- À̰í, ÇѸ¶µð·Î: ¡®¸¸ÀÏ ¹æÁ¾ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é¡¯À̶õ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡¼­, ¸¸ÀÏ ¹æÁ¾½º·´°Ô »ì·Á°í ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÏ·Á°í, ³²ÆíÀÌ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¶°³­´Ù¸é, ±×´Â °£À½ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ´ë´äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î- ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Àڱ⠾Ƴ»¸¦ ¹ö¸®´Â °Í, Áï, ±×³à¿ÍÀÇ ºÎºÎ°ü°è¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, ½ÉÁö¾î ¹æÁ¾ÇÔÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°úÀÇ °áÈ¥À» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇàÇØÁø´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¿ª½Ã °£À½ÇÔÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© Àüü ÀǹÌ, ¹®¸Æ, ¹®¹ý, ±×¸®°í ³í¸®¿Í ÀÏÄ¡µÇ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ Àǹ̷Π±Í°áµÈ´Ù.

And this clear and simple meaning, flowing from the words themselves and from the whole teaching, I had to discover with the greatest difficulty. In¡©deed, read the verse in German or in French, where it is plainly said pour cause d'infidelite, and, a mains que cela ne soit pour cause d'infidelite, and can you guess that it means something quite different? The word parektov", which in all the dictionaries means excepte, ausgenommen, besides, is translated by a whole sentence- a mains que cela ne soit; the word porneiva" is translated infidelite, Ehebruch, fornication. And on this intentional perversion of the text rests an inter¡©pretation which infringes the moral, religious, grammatical, and logical sense of Christ's words.

±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸» ÀÚü·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸®°í Àüü Àǹ̷κÎÅÍ Èê·¯ ³ª¿À´Â, ÀÌÅä·Ï ¸í·áÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÇÑ Àǹ̸¦, ³ª´Â ¾öû³­ ¾î·Á¿ò ³¡¿¡ ¹ß°ßÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. Á¤¸», µ¶ÀϾ ºÒ¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ ±¸ÀýÀ» Àо¶ó, ±×°÷¿¡´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ pour cause d¡¯infidelite, ±×¸®°í, a mains que cela ne soit pour cause d¡¯infidelite¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÁüÀÛÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¶ó´Â ¸»Àº, ¸ðµç »çÀü¿¡¼­ excepte, ausgenommen, besides¸¦ ÀǹÌÇϴµ¥, Àüü ¹®Àåa moins que cela ne soitÀ¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇ¸ç; ´Â infidelite, Ehebruch, °£À½À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± °íÀÇÀûÀÎ ¿ø¹®ÀÇ ¿Ö°î À§¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸ÀÇ µµ´öÀû, Á¾±³Àû, ¹®¹ýÀû, ±×¸®°í ³í¸®Àû Àǹ̰¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù.

Again I was confirmed in the terrible but joyful truth that the meaning of Christ's teaching is plain and simple and its statements are important, but that interpretations of it, based on a wish to justify existing evil, have so obscured it that it has to be rediscovered with difficulty. It became plain to me that if the Gospels had been discovered half burnt or obliterated it would have been easier to recover their meaning than it is now, when dishonest interpretations have been applied to them with the direct purpose of perverting and hiding the meaning of the teaching. In this case it was still plainer than in the former that some private aim of justifying the divorce of some Ivan the Terrible had been the reason for obscuring the whole doctrine of marriage.

³ª´Â ´Ù½Ã, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÇÏ¸ç ±×ÀÇ ¸íÁ¦´Â Áß¿äÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀÇ ÇØ¼®µéÀº, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¾ÇÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ·Á´Â Èñ¸Á À§¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í¼­, °¡¸£Ä§À» ³Ê¹«³ª ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î¼­ ¾î·Á¿ò ³¡¿¡ Àç¹ß°ßµÇ¾î¾ß Çß´Ù´Â, ¹«¼·°íµµ ±â»Û Áø¸®¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ º¹À½¼­µéÀÌ Àý¹ÝÀÌ ºÒŸ°Å³ª Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é ±×°ÍµéÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ µÇãÀ½ÀÌ, ºñ¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ ÇØ¼®µéÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¿Ö°îÇÏ°í ¼û±â·Á´Â ³ë°ñÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â, Áö±Ýº¸´Ù´Â ½¬¿üÀ» °ÍÀÓÀÌ ³»°Ô ¸í¹éÇØÁ³´Ù. Æø±º À̹ݰú °°Àº ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌÈ¥À» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ·Á´Â ¾î¶² °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀÌ °áÈ¥¿¡ °üÇÑ Àüü ±³¸®¸¦ È帮°Ô ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ µÇ¾î¿Ô´ø °ú°Åº¸´Ù´Â, ÀÌ °æ¿ì°¡ ÈξÀ ½¬¿ü´Ù.

As soon as one rejects the commentaries, in place of what was obscure and indefinite the definite and clear second commandment of Christ reveals itself.

¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÖ¼®µéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏÀÚ ¸¶ÀÚ, ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°í ¸·¿¬ÇÏ´ø ±¸Àý ´ë½Å¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÑ Á¦ 2ÀÇ °è¸íÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.

Do not make the desire for sexual relations into an amusement; let every man, if he is not a eunuch- that is, if he needs sexual relations- have a wife, and each wife a husband, and let the husband have only one wife and the wife only one husband, and under no pretext infringe the sexual union of one with the other.

¼º °ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å±¸¸¦ Äè¶ôÀ¸·Î »ïÁö ¸»¶ó; ¸ðµç ³²ÀÚ°¡, ¸¸ÀÏ ¼ººÒ±¸°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é- Áï, ±×°¡ ¼º °ü°èµéÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é- ¾Æ³»¸¦, °¢°¢ÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â ³²ÆíÀ» °¡Áö°Ô Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ³²ÆíµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ±×¸®°í ¾Æ³»´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ³²ÆíÀ» °¡Áö°Ô Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ±¸½Ç·Îµµ ÀüÀÚ¿Í ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ¼ºÀûÀÎ °áÇÕÀ» ÆÄ±«Çؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.

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