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| CHAPTER XII. |
Á¦
12
Àå
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CONCLUSION-REPENT YE, FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS AT
HAND. |
°á·Ð-ȸ°³Ç϶ó,
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ
°¡±î¿ü´À´Ï¶ó.
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4. |
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4. Everything Depends on the Strength of the Consciousness of Chris¡©tian
Truths in Each Individual Man-The Leading Men of Modern Times, however, do
not Think it Necessary to Preach or Practice the Truths of Christianity,
but Regard the Modification of the External Conditions of Existence within
the Limit Imposed by Governments as Sufficient to Reform the Life of
Humanity-On this Scientific Theory of Hypocrisy, which has Replaced the
Hypocrisy of Religion, Men of the Wealthy Classes Base their Justification
of their Position-Through this Hypocrisy they can Enjoy the Exclusive
Privileges of their Posi¡©tion by Force and Fraud, and Still Pretend to be
Christians to One Another and be Easy in their Minds-This Hypocrisy Allows
Men who Preach Christianity to Take Part in Institutions Based on Vio¡©lence-No
External Reformation of Life will Render it Less Miser¡©able-Its Misery
the Result of Disunion Caused by Following Lies, not the Truth-Union only
Possible in Truth-Hypocrisy Hinders this Union, since Hypocrites Conceal
from themselves and Others the Truth they Know-Hypocrisy Turns all Reforms
of Life to Evil- Hypocrisy Distorts the Idea of Good and Evil, and so
Stands in the Way of the Progress of Men toward Perfection-Undisguised
Crimi¡©nals and Malefactors do Less Harm than those who Live by Legalized
Violence, Disguised by Hypocrisy-All Men Feel the Iniquity of our Life,
and would Long Ago have Transformed it if it had not been Dis¡©simulated
by Hypocrisy-But Seem to have Reached the Extreme Limits of Hypocrisy, and
we Need only Make an Effort of Conscience to Awaken as from a Nightmare to
a Different Reality. |
¸ðµç °ÍÀº Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ Áø¸®µéÀÇ ÀÚ°¢ÀÇ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù-Çö´ëÀÇ
ÁöµµÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº,
±×·¯³ª,
±âµ¶±³ Áø¸®µéÀÇ Àüµµ³ª
½ÇÇàÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×·¯³ª,
ÀηùÀÇ »îÀ» °³ÇõÇϱ⿡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ
¸¸ÅÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ºÎ°úµÇ´Â ÇÑ°è ³»¿¡¼ Á¸ÀçÀÇ
¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù-ÀÌ·±
À§¼±ÀûÀÎ °úÇÐÀûÀÎ À̷п¡ ´ëÇØ¼,
À̰ÍÀº Á¾±³ÀÇ
À§¼±À» ´ëüÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼,
ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ °èÃþÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§ÀÇ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÌ·± À§¼±À»
ÅëÇØ¼ ±×µéÀº Æø·Â°ú »ç±â·Î¼ ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¹èŸÀûÀΠƯ±ÇµéÀ» ´©¸± ¼ö ÀÕ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¼·Î¿¡°Ô
¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÎ °Íó·³ Ç༼Çϸç,
±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÌ
ÆíÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÌ·± À§¼±Àº ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·ÎÇÏ´Â ±â°üµé¿¡ Âü¿©Çϵµ·Ï
Çã¶ôÇÑ´Ù-¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ °³Çõµµ ´ú ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù-Áø¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °ÅÁþ¸»À» µû¸§À¸·Î½á ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â
ºÐ¿ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ºÒÇàÀÌ´Ù-¿¬ÇÕÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®·Î¼
°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù-À§¼±Àº ÀÌ·± ¿¬ÇÕÀ» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé
À§¼±ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼û±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-À§¼±Àº ¼±°ú ¾ÇÀÇ °³³äÀ»
¿Ö°î½ÃŰ¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿Ïº®À¸·Î Áøº¸ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
°É¸²µ¹ÀÌ µÈ´Ù-À§¼±ÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹üÁËÀÚµé°ú ¾ÇÀεéÀº
ÇÕ¹ýÈµÈ Æø·Â°ú,
À§¼±À¸·Î À§ÀåÇÏ¿© »ç´Â »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù
´ú ÇØ·Ó´Ù-¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¾ÇÇÔÀ» ´À³¤´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº À§¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ °¡ÀåµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é
¿À·¡Àü¿¡ º¯ÇüµÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¯³ª À§¼±ÀÇ ±ØÇÑ¿¡
µµ´ÞÇÑ °Í °°´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Ç¸ùÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¸¥
Çö½Ç·Î ÀÚ°¢Çϱâ À§Çؼ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. |
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All depends, therefore, on the strength of the conscious¡©ness of
Christian truth on the part of each individual man. |
±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
¸ðµç °ÍÀº Á¦°¢±â »ç¶÷ÀÇ Æí¿¡¼ ±âµ¶±³
Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÚ°¢ÇÏ´Â Èû¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. |
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And, therefore, one would have thought that the efforts of all men of
the present day who profess to wish to work for the welfare of humanity
would have been directed to strengthening this consciousness of Christian
truth in them¡©selves and others. |
±×¸®°í,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
¿ì¸®´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀηùÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦
À§Çؼ ÀÏÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù°í °í¹éÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
³ë·ÂµéÀÌ ±×µé ½º½º·Î³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé ¾È¿¡¼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÚ°¢ÇÔÀ» °ÈÇÔ¿¡ Àü³äÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù°í
»ý°¢ÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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But, strange to say, it is precisely those people who pro¡©fess most
anxiety for the amelioration of human life, and are regarded as the
leaders of public opinion, who assert that there is no need to do that,
and that there are other more effective means for the amelioration of
men's condition. They affirm that the amelioration of human life is
effected not by the efforts of individual men, to recognize and prop¡©agate
the truth, but by the gradual modification of the general conditions of
life, and that therefore the efforts of individuals should be directed to
the gradual modification of external conditions for the better. For every
advocacy of a truth inconsistent with the existing order by an indi¡©vidual
is, they maintain, not only useless but injurious, since it provokes
coercive measures on the part of the authorities, restricting these
individuals from continuing any action useful to society. According to
this doctrine all modifications in human life are brought about by pre¡©cisely
the same laws as in the life of the animals. |
±×·¯³ª,
ÀÌ»óÇϰԵµ,
±×·± ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ »óÅÂÀÇ °³¼±À» À§ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº È¿°úÀûÀÎ
¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº,
Á¤È®ÇϰÔ,
Àΰ£ÀÇ
»îÀÇ °³¼±¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿°·Á¸¦ °í¹éÇϸç,
¿©·ÐÀÇ
¼±µµÀڷμ ÀÚóÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀº,
Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ
°³¼±Àº,
Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý°í ÀüÆÄÇϰíÀÚÇÏ´Â,
°³°³ÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ë·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
»îÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ
»óŵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Á¡ÁøÀûÀÎ °³¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ´Þ¼ºµÈ´Ù°í
ÁÖÀåÇϸç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î °³ÀεéÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀº Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ
¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŵéÀÇ Á¡ÁøÀûÀÎ °³¼±¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í
ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
±âÁ¸ Áú¼¿¡ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ °³Àο¡ ÀÇÇÑ
¸ðµç ¿ËÈ£´Â,
±×µéÀÌ ÁÖÀåÇϴ¹Ù,
¹«ÀÍÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
ÇØ·Î¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ±Ç·ÂµéÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡¼
°¾ÐÀûÀÎ Á¶Ä¡µéÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í,
ÀÌ·± °³ÀεéÀÌ
»çȸ¿¡ À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¾î¶² ÇàÀ§¸¦ °è¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇϱâ
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³¸®¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ðµç °³¼±Àº
Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô µ¿¹°µéÀÇ »î¿¡¼¿Í ¶È °°Àº ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
ÀÌ·ç¾î Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
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So that, according to this doctrine, all the founders of religions,
such as Moses and the prophets, Confucius, Lao-Tse, Buddha, Christ, and
others, preached their doctrines and their followers accepted them, not
because they loved the truth, but because the political, social, and above
all economic conditions of the peoples among whom these religions arose
were favorable for their origination and development. |
ÀÌ ±³¸®¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
°á±¹,
¸ðµç Á¾±³ ⸳ÀÚµéÀº,
¿¹¸¦
µé¸é,
¸ð¼¼¿Í ¿¹¾ðÀÚµé,
°øÀÚ,
³ëÀÚ,
ºÎó,
±×¸®½ºµµ ¹×
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé,
±×µéÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ÀüÆÄÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÇ
ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Âµ¥,
±×µéÀÌ Áø¸®¸¦
»ç¶ûÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
ÀÌ·± Á¾±³µéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ
»ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ Á¤Ä¡Àû,
»çȸÀû,
±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ
°æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ »óŵéÀÌ Á¾±³µéÀÇ ¹ß»ý°ú ¹ßÀü¿¡
¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
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And therefore the chief efforts of the man who wishes to serve society
and improve the condition of humanity ought, according to this doctrine,
to be directed not to the elucida¡©tion and propagation of truth, but to
the improvement of the external political, social, and above all economic
condi¡©tions. And the modification of these conditions is partly effected
by serving the government and introducing liberal and progressive
principles into it, partly in promoting the development of industry and
the propagation of socialistic ideas, and most of all by the diffusion of
science. Accord¡©ing to this theory it is of no consequence whether you
pro¡©fess the truth revealed to you, and therefore realize it in your
life, or at least refrain from committing actions opposed to the truth,
such as serving the government and strength¡©ening its authority when you
regard it as injurious, profit¡©ing by the capitalistic system when you
regard it as wrong, showing veneration for various ceremonies which you
believe to be degrading superstitions, giving support to the law when you
believe it to be founded on error, serving as a soldier, taking oaths, and
lying, and lowering yourself generally. It is useless to refrain from all
that; what is of use is not altering the existing forms of life, but
submitting to them against your own convictions, introducing liberal¡©ism
into the existing institutions, promoting commerce, the propaganda of
socialism, and the triumphs of what is called science, and the diffusion
of education. According to this theory one can remain a landowner,
merchant, manufac¡©turer, judge, official in government pay, officer or
soldier, and still be not only a humane man, but even a socialist and
revolutionist. |
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
»çȸ¿¡ ºÀ»çÇϰí ÀηùÀÇ »óŸ¦
°³¼±ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ³ë·ÂµéÀº,
Áø¸®ÀÇ ¼³¸í°ú
ÀüÆÄ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Á¤Ä¡,
»çȸ,
¹«¾ùº¸´Ù °æÁ¦
»óŵéÀÇ °³¼±¿¡ ÇâÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
»óŵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ °³¼±Àº ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ºÀ»çÇϰí
±×°Í¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯ ¹× Áøº¸ÀÇ ¿ø¸®µéÀ» µµÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» ÁøÈïÇÔ°ú »çȸÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ
»ç»óµéÀÇ ÀüÆÄ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
±×¸®°í °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº
°úÇÐÀÇ È®»ê¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·±
À̷п¡ µû¸£¸é ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ °í¹éÇϰí
±×°ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ ½ÇÇöÇϰųª Àû¾îµµ Áø¸®¿¡
´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÀúÁö¸£´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÇô
Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù,
Áï,
Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÇØ·Ó´Ù°í ¿©±æÁö¶óµµ ±×°Í¿¡
º¹Á¾ÇÏ¸ç ±× ±Ç·ÂÀ» °È½Ã۰í,
ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ Ã¼Á¦°¡ ¾ÇÇÑ
°ÍÀÏÁö¶óµµ ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸¸ç,
¿©·¯°¡Áö
ÀǽĵéÀÌ Å¸¶ôµÈ ¹Ì½ÅµéÀ̶ó »ý°¢ÇÔ¿¡µµ ±×·± Àǽĵ鿡
´ëÇÑ ¼þ¹è¸¦ º¸À̸ç,
¹ý·üÀÌ ¿À·ù¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ
±×°ÍÀ» ÁöÁöÇϸç,
º´»ç·Î¼ º¹Á¾Çϸç,
¸Í¼¼Çϰí,
±×¸®°í
°ÅÁþ¸»Çϸç,
ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Ãá´Ù.
±× ¸ð´Â
°ÍÀ» ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Ù;
Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ
»îÀÇ ÇüŵéÀ» ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
ÀڽŵéÀÇ È®½Å°ú´Â
¹Ý´ë·Î ±×°Íµé¿¡ ±¼º¹Çϰí,
±âÁ¸ÀÇ Ã¼Á¦¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀǸ¦
µµÀÔÇϰí,
»ó¾÷,
»çȸÁÖÀÇ ¼±Àü,
¹× ¼ÒÀ§ °úÇÐÀÇ ½Â¸®µé
±×¸®°í ±³À°ÀÇ È®»êÀ» ÁøÈïÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ À̷п¡
µû¸£¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â ÁöÁÖ,
»óÀÎ,
Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ,
¹ý°ü,
Á¤ºÎÀÇ
ºÀ±ÞÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ü¸®,
Àå±³³ª º´»ç·Î ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼,
µ¿½Ã¿¡
Àΰ£ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷ÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½ÉÁö¾î »çȸÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿Í
Çõ¸íÁÖÀÇÀÚµµ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
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Hypocrisy, which had formerly only a religious basis in the doctrine of
original sin, the redemption, and the Church, has in our day gained a new
scientific basis and has con¡©sequently caught in its nets all those who
had reached too high a stage of development to be able to find support in
religious hypocrisy. So that while in former days a man who professed the
religion of the Church could take part in all the crimes of the state, and
profit by them, and still regard himself as free from any taint of sin, so
long as he fulfilled the external observances of his creed, nowadays all
who do not believe in the Christianity of the Church, find similar
well-founded irrefutable reasons in science for regarding themselves as
blameless and even highly moral in spite of their participation in the
misdeeds of government and the advantages they gain from them. |
À§¼±Àº,
°ú°Å¿¡ ¿øÁË,
±¸¿ø ±×¸®°í ±³È¸ÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡¼
¿ÀÁ÷ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ±â¹ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡
»õ·Î¿î °úÇÐÀû ±â¹ÝÀ» ¾ò¾úÀ¸¸ç,
°á±¹ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ
À§¼±¿¡¼ ÁöÁö¸¦ ±¸Çϱ⿡´Â ³Ê¹« ³ôÀº ¹ßÀü ´Ü°è¿¡
µµ´ÞÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±× ±×¹°¿¡ Àâ°í¾ß ¸»¾Ò´Ù.
±×·¡¼
°ú°Å¿¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¾±³¸¦ °í¹éÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¸ðµç
¹üÁ˵鿡 Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í,
±×·Î¼ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ÃëÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×ÀÇ ±³¸®ÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇÏ´ÂÇÑ
Ƽ²ø °°Àº ÁË Çϳª¿¡¼µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù°í ¿©±æ ¼ö
ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¹Ý¸é¿¡,
¿À´Ã³¯Àº ±³È¸ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº,
Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¹üÁË ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔ°ú
±×°Íµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÌ ¾ò´Â ÀÌÀ͵鿡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí,
ÀڽŵéÀÌ ³ª¹«¶öµ¥ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ÀڽŵéÀ» Áö±ØÈ÷
µµ´öÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±è¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ À¯»çÇÏ°Ô ±âÃʰ¡ ÀßµÈ
¹Ý¹ÚÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÌÀ¯µéÀ» °úÇп¡¼ ã´Â´Ù. |
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A rich landowner-not only in Russia, but in France, England, Germany,
or America-lives on the rents exacted from the people living on his land,
and robs these generally poverty-stricken people of all he can get from
them. This man's right of property in the land rests on the fact that at
every effort on the part of the oppressed people, without his consent, to
make use of the land he considers his, troops are called out to subject
them to punishment and murder. One would have thought that it was obvious
that a man living in this way was an evil, egoistic creature and could not
possibly consider himself a Christian or a liberal. One would have
supposed it evident that the first thing such a man must do, if he wishes
to approximate to Christianity or liberalism, would be to cease to plunder
and ruin men by means of acts of state violence in support of his claim to
the land. And so it would be if it were not for the logic of hypocrisy,
which reasons that from a religious point of view possession or
non-possession of land is of no consequence for salvation, and from the
scientific point of view, giving up the ownership of land is a useless
individual renuncia¡©tion, and that the welfare of mankind is not promoted
in that way, but by a gradual modification of external forms. And so we
see this man, without the least trouble of mind or doubt that people will
believe in his sincerity, organizing an agricultural exhibition, or a
temperance society, or sending some soup and stockings by his wife or
children to three old women, and boldly in his family, in drawing rooms,
in committees, and in the press, advocating the Gospel or humanitarian
doctrine of love for one's neighbor in general and the agricultural
laboring population in particular whom he is continually exploiting and
oppressing. And other people who are in the same position as he believe
him, commend him, and solemnly discuss with him measures for ameliorating
the condition of the working-class, on whose exploitation their whole life
rests, devising all kinds of possible methods for this, except the one
with¡©out which all improvement of their condition is impossible, i.e.,
refraining from taking from them the land necessary for their subsistence.
(A striking example of this hypoc¡©risy was the solicitude displayed by
the Russian land¡©owners last year, their efforts to combat the famine
which they had caused, and by which they profited, selling not only bread
at the highest price, but even potato haulm at five rubles the dessiatine
(about 2 4/5 acres) for fuel to the freezing peasants.) |
ÇÑ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÁöÁÖ°¡-·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
ÇÁ¶û½º,
¿µ±¹,
µ¶ÀÏ,
¶Ç´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼-ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶¥¿¡¼ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ °ÅµÎ¾îµéÀÎ ÀÓ´ë·áµé·Î »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌµé °¡³¿¡ Âîµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼ ¾òÀ» ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» °Å»ÇÑ´Ù.
ÅäÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ
Àç»ê±ÇÀº,
±×°¡ Àڱ⠰ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â ¶¥À» ±×ÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ
¾øÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á´Â ¾ï¾Ð ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Æí¿¡¼ÀÇ ¸ðµç
³ë·Âµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼,
ó¹ú°ú »ìÀÎÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀ» ±¼º¹½Ã۱â
À§Çؼ ±º´ëµéÀÌ Ã⵿ µÈ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·±
¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î »ç´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ÇÀÎÀ̸ç,
À̱âÀûÀÎ ÀÛÀÚÀ̸ç
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» °¨È÷ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ̳ª ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚ¶ó°í ¿©±æ ¼ö
¾øÀ½ÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.
±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ
¹Ýµå½Ã ÇàÇϴ ù¹øÂ° ÀÏÀº,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ±âµ¶±³³ª
ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ¿¡ °¡±î¿ö Áö°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é,
±×ÀÇ ÅäÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÁÖÀåÀ» µÞ¹ÞħÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î
ÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÏ°í ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ØÃß¾î¾ß
ÇÔÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ
À§¼±ÀûÀÎ ³í¸®°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ±×·¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·±
À§¼±ÀûÀÎ ³í¸®µéÀº Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÅäÁöÀÇ
¼ÒÀ¯³ª ¹«¼ÒÀ¯´Â ±¸¿ø°ú ¾Æ¹«·± °ü°è°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
°úÇÐÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ,
ÅäÁöÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯¸¦ Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ Æ÷±âÀÏ »ÓÀ̶ó°í Á¤´çÈÇϸç,
±×¸®°í ÀηùÀÇ º¹Áö´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
¿ÜÀûÀÎ Çü½ÄµéÀÇ Á¡ÁøÀûÀÎ °³¼±À¸·Î¼ ÁõÁøµÈ´Ù°í
ÇÕ¸®ÈÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷À» ±×·¸°Ô º»´Ù,
Áï
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¼º½ÇÇÔÀ» ¹ÏÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç,
³ó¾÷ Àü½Ãȸ³ª
±ÝÁÖ ´Üü¸¦ Á¶Á÷Çϰųª,
±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»³ª ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ÅëÇØ¼
¾à°£ÀÇ ¼öÇÁ¿Í ¾ç¸»À» ¼¼ ¸íÀÇ ³ëÆÄ¿¡°Ô º¸³»°í,
±×¸®°í
´ë´ãÇϰԵµ ±×ÀÇ °¡Á· ¾È¿¡¼,
ÀÀÁ¢½Ç¿¡¼,
À§¿øÈ¸¿¡¼,
±×¸®°í ¾ð·Ð¿¡¼,
º¹À½À̳ª ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡
´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í Ưº°È÷ ³ó¾÷ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ̶ó´Â ÀεµÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ
±³¸®¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏÁö¸¸,
±×´Â À̵éÀ» ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ
ÂøÃëÇÏ°í ¾ï¾ÐÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×¿Í ¶È °°Àº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¸¦ ¹Ï°í,
±Ç°íÇϰí,
±×¸®°í ¾ö¼÷ÇϰÔ
³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â °è±ÞÀÇ »óŸ¦ È£Àü ½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀ»
±×¿Í ÇÔ²² ³íÀÇÇÏÁö¸¸,
³ëµ¿ °è±ÞÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ÂøÃë¿¡
±×ÀÇ Àüü »îÀÌ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ°í,
À̸¦ À§Çؼ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç
Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» °í¾ÈÇÑ´Ù,
´Ù¸¸ ±×µéÀÇ »óÅÂÀÇ ¸ðµç
°³¼±ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí¼,
Áï,
±×µéÀÇ
»ý°è À¯Áö¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÅäÁö¸¦ ±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ »©¾Ñ´Â °ÍÀº
ÀÚÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù. (ÀÌ·± À§¼±ÀÇ ³î¶ó¿î ¿¹´Â,
À۳⿡ ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ
ÁöÁֵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ³ªÅ¸³ ¿°·Á¿´´Âµ¥,
ÀڽŵéÀÌ ÀÏÀ¸Å²
±â±Ù°ú ½Î¿ì·Á´Â ±×µéÀÇ ³ë·Â,
±×¸®°í ±×·Î¼ ºñ½Ñ
°ªÀ¸·Î »§À» ÆÈ¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
½ÉÁö¾î´Â °¨ÀÚ
Áٱ⸶Àúµµ ¾ó¾îÁ×´Â ³óºÎµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿¬·á·Î¼
µ¥½Ã¾ßƼ³ª(¾à 2.7
¿¡ÀÌÄ¿)´ç ¿À ·çºÒ¿¡ ÆÈ¾Æ¼ ±×µéÀÌ
¾òÀº ÀÌÀÍÀÌ´Ù.) |
|
Or take a merchant whose whole trade-like all trade indeed-is founded
on a series of trickery, by means of which, profiting by the ignorance or
need of others, he buys goods below their value and sells them again above
their value. One would have fancied it obvious that a man whose whole
occupation was based on what in his own language is called swindling, if
it is done under other con¡©ditions, ought to be ashamed of his position,
and could not any way, while he continues a merchant, profess himself a
Christian or a liberal. |
¾Æ´Ï »óÀεéÀ» ¿¹·Î µé¾îº¸ÀÚ,
±×µéÀÇ Àüü °Å·¡´Â-»ç½Ç
¸ðµç °Å·¡µéó·³-ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù,
ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýÀ» ½á¼,
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹«Áö³ª Çʿ信 ÀÇÇØ¼
ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¸ç,
±×´Â »óǰµéÀ» ½ÇÁ¦ °¡Ä¡º¸´Ù ¾Æ·¡¿¡
»çµé¿©¼ ´Ù½Ã±Ý ±× °¡Ä¡º¸´Ù ³ô¿©¼ ÆÇ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àüü Á÷¾÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ð¾î·Î ¸»ÇϰǴë
¼ÓÀÓ¼ö¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °Í¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº,
¸¸ÀÏ
±×°ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »óȲµé¿¡¼µµ ÇàÇØÁø´Ù¸é,
¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
ÁöÀ§¸¦ ºÎ²ô·¯¿ö ÇØ¾ß Çϸç,
±×¸®°í ¾î·µç,
±×°¡
»ó¾÷À» °è¼ÓÇÏ´Â ÇÑ,
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ̳ª
ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚ¶ó°í °í¹éÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù°í
»ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
But the sophistry of hypocrisy reasons that the merchant can pass for a
virtuous man without giving up his per¡©nicious course of action; a
religious man need only have faith and a liberal man need only promote the
modification of external conditions-the progress of industry. And so we
see the merchant (who often goes further and commits acts of direct
dishonesty, selling adulterated goods, using false weights and measures,
and trading in products injuri¡©ous to health, such as alcohol and opium)
boldly regarding himself and being regarded by others, so long as he does
not directly deceive his colleagues in business, as a pattern of probity
and virtue. And if he spends a thousandth part of his stolen wealth on
some public institution, a hospital or museum or school, then he is even
regarded as the bene¡©factor of the people on the exploitation and
corruption of whom his whole prosperity has been founded: if he sacri¡©fices,
too, a portion of his ill-gotten gains on a Church and the poor, then he
is an exemplary Christian. |
±×·¯³ª À§¼±À» ÅëÇÑ ±Ëº¯Àº »óÀÎÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ç¾ÇÇÑ
Çൿ ¹æÇâÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼µµ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î
¿©°ÜÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù;
Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷
½Å¾Ó¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ »ÓÀ̸ç,
ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ
»óŵé-»ê¾÷ÀÇ ÀüÁø-ÀÇ °³¼±¸¸ ÁõÁø½ÃŰ¸é µÈ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®´Â »óÀÎÀÌ (±×´Â Á¾Á¾ ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÁ¤Á÷ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÀúÁö¸¥´Ù,
ºÒ¼ø¹°ÀÌ µç
»óǰÀ» ÆÈ°í,
¾ûÅ͸® ¹«°Ô¿Í Ä¡¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸç,
°Ç°¿¡
ÇØ·Î¿î,
¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¼úÀ̳ª ¸¶¾à °°Àº,
Á¦Ç°µéÀ»
°Å·¡ÇÑ´Ù),
»ç¾÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î
¼ÓÀÌÁö¸¸ ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ,
»·»·½º·´°Ôµµ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¼º½Ç°ú
¹Ì´öÀÇ ÀüÇüÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â°Å³ª,
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
±×·¸°Ô ¿©°ÜÁö´Â °ÍÀ» º»´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ÈÉÄ£
ºÎÀÇ ÃµºÐÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ¶óµµ ¾î¶² °ø°ø±â°ü,
º´¿ø,
¹Ú¹°°ü
¶Ç´Â Çб³¿¡ ÁöºÒÇϸé,
±×´Â ½ÉÁö¾î »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÂøÃëÇÏ°í ºÎÆÐÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×ÀÇ Àü Àç»êÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ¿´À½¿¡µµ
ÀÚ¼±°¡·Î ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù:
¿ª½Ã,
±×°¡ ¸¸ÀÏ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î
¾òÀº °ÍÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ±³È¸³ª °¡³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹ÙÄ£´Ù¸é,
±×´Â ¸ð¹üÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ´Ù. |
|
A manufacturer is a man whose whole income consists of value squeezed
out of the workmen, and whose whole occu¡©pation is based on forced,
unnatural labor, exhausting whole generations of men. It would seem
obvious that if this man professes any Christian or liberal principles, he
must first of all give up ruining human lives for his own profit. But by
the existing theory he is promoting indus¡©try, and he ought not to
abandon his pursuit. It would even be injuring society for him to do so.
And so we see this man, the harsh slave-driver of thousands of men, build¡©ing
almshouses with little gardens two yards square for the workmen broken
down in toiling for him, and a bank, and a poorhouse, and a hospital-fully
persuaded that he has amply expiated in this way for all the human lives
morally and physically ruined by him-and calmly going on with his
business, taking pride in it. |
Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ´Â ±×ÀÇ Àüü ¼öÀÔÀÌ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» Áã¾î §
°¡Ä¡·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ Àüü Á÷¾÷Àº °¾ÐÀûÀ̸ç
ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ³ëµ¿¿¡ ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àüü
¼¼´ëµéÀ» ÇǰïÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±âµ¶±³³ª
ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ ¿ø¸®µéÀ» °í¹éÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§Çؼ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
Áß´ÜÇØ¾ß ÇÔÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇØ º¸ÀδÙ.
±×·¯³ª ±âÁ¸ÀÇ À̷п¡
ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±×´Â »ê¾÷À» ÁøÈï ½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ Æ÷±âÇØ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
±×°¡ ±×·¸°Ô
ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é ½ÉÁö¾î »çȸ¿¡ ÇØ°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â
ÀÌ »ç¶÷À» ±×·¸°Ô º»´Ù,
¼öõ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷À» ³ë¿¹Ã³·³
¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç¸ç,
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ °íµÈ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Ù°¡
¼è¾àÇØÁø ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» À§Çؼ ÇÑ ÆòÂ¥¸® ºó¹Î ±¸È£¼Òµé,
±¸ºó¿øµé,
±×¸®°í º´¿øÀ» ÁöÀ¸¸é,
±×¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ À±¸®Àû
¹× ½ÅüÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Á°¡Áø ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îµéÀ» ÀÌ·±
½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ º¸»óÇß´Ù°í ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹Ï´Â´Ù-±×¸®°í
Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ç¾÷À» ÁøÇàÇØ ³ª°¡¸ç,
±×°Í¿¡ ÀںνÉÀ»
°¡Áø´Ù. |
|
Any civil, religious, or military official in government employ, who
serves the state from vanity, or, as is most often the case, simply for
the sake of the pay wrung from the harassed and toilworn working classes
(all taxes, how¡©ever raised, always fall on labor), if he, as is very
seldom the case, does not directly rob the government in the usual way,
considers himself, and is considered by his fellows, as a most useful and
virtuous member of society. |
Ç㿵½É ¶§¹®¿¡ ±¹°¡¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Á¤ºÎ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â
¸ðµç ¹Î°£,
Á¾±³,
¶Ç´Â ±º»ç °ü¸®µéÀº,
°¡Àå ÈçÇÑ
°æ¿ì·Î½á,
ÁöÃÄ ºüÁö°í ÀÏ¿¡ Âîµç ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±Þµé·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÂøÃëÇÑ ±Þ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë°¡·Î¼(¸ðµç ¼¼±ÝµéÀº,
¾î¶»°Ô
¸ð¾ÆÁö´õ¶óµµ,
¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ëµ¿¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â´Ù.),
¸¸ÀÏ,
¸Å¿ì
µå¹® °æ¿ìÀÌÁö¸¸,
ÈçÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î
Á¤ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ µµµÏÁúÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é,
Àڽſ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼³ª,
±×ÀÇ
µ¿·áµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »çȸÀÇ °¡Àå À¯ÀÍÇÏ°í ´ö¸Á ÀÖ´Â
±¸¼º¿øÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. |
|
A judge or a public prosecutor knows that through his sentence or his
prosecution hundreds or thousands of poor wretches are at once torn from
their families and thrown into prison, where they may go out of their
minds, kill themselves with pieces of broken glass, or starve them¡©selves;
he knows that they have wives and mothers and children, disgraced and made
miserable by separation from them, vainly begging for pardon for them or
some allevia¡©tion of their sentence, and this judge or this prosecutor is
so hardened in his hypocrisy that he and his fellows and his wife and his
household are all fully convinced that he may be a most exemplary man.
According to the meta¡©physics of hypocrisy it is held that he is doing a
work of public utility. And this man who has ruined hundreds, thousands of
men, who curse him and are driven to desperation by his action, goes to
mass, a smile of shining benevo¡©lence on his smooth face, in perfect
faith in good and in God, listens to the Gospel, caresses his children,
preaches moral principles to them, and is moved by imaginary sufferings. |
¹ý°üÀ̳ª °Ë»ç´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼±°í ¶Ç´Â ±â¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼öõ
¼ö¹éÀÇ °¡³ÇÏ¸ç ºÒ½ÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´çÀå ±×µéÀÇ
°¡Á·µé·ÎºÎÅÍ °¥¶óÁ®¼ °¨¿Á¿¡ Ãij־î Áö¸ç,±×°÷¿¡¼
Á¤½ÅÀ» ÀÒ°í¼,
À¯¸® Á¶°¢À¸·Î ÀÚ»ìÇϰųª ±¾¾î
Á״´ٴ °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù;
±×´Â ±×µéÀÌ ¾Æ³»µé°ú ¾î¸Ó´Ïµé
±×¸®°í ÀÚ³àµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ
°Ý¸®µÊÀ¸·Î½á Ä¡¿åÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ºÒÇàÇØÁö¸ç,
ÇêµÇÀÌ
±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ë¼³ª ±×µéÀÇ ¼±°í¸¦ ¾î´À Á¤µµ °¡º±°Ô
ÇØ´Þ¶ó°í ¾Ö¿øÇϸç,
ÀÌ ¹ý°üÀ̳ª °Ë»ç´Â ³Ê¹«³ªµµ
À§¼±À¸·Î ±»¾îÁ®¼ ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµé ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ
¾Æ³»¿Í ±×ÀÇ °¡¼ÖµéÀº ¸ðµÎ´Ù ±×°¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
¸ð¹üÀ̶ó°í ±»°Ô ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.
À§¼±ÀÇ ÇüÀÌ»óÇп¡ µû¸£¸é,
±×´Â °øÀÍÀ» À§Çؼ ÀÏÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾îÁø´Ù.
±×¸®°í
¼ö¹é ¼öõÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ÁÇÏ°Ô Çϰí,
±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀúÁÖ¸¦
¹ÞÀ¸¸ç,
±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Àý¸Á¿¡ ºüÆ®¸° ÀÌ »ç¶÷Àº,
´ëÁß ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼,
±×ÀÇ ºÎµå·¯¿î ¾ó±¼¿¡ ȯÇÑ ÀÚºñÀÇ
¿ôÀ½À» ¶ì°í,
º¹À½¿¡ ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀ̰í,
±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ»
¾î·ç¸¸Áö¸ç,
±×µé¿¡°Ô µµ´öÀûÀÎ ±³ÈƵéÀ» ¼³±³Çϰí,
»ó»ó ¼ÓÀÇ °íÅëµéÀ» ´À²¸º»´Ù. |
|
All these men and those who depend on them, their wives, tutors,
children, cooks, actors, jockeys, and so on, are living on the blood which
by one means or another, through one set of blood-suckers or another, is
drawn out of the working class, and every day their pleasures cost
hundreds or thousands of days of labor. They see the sufferings and
privations of these laborers and their chil¡©dren, their aged, their
wives, and their sick, they know the punishments inflicted on those who
resist this organized plunder, and far from decreasing, far from
concealing their luxury, they insolently display it before these oppressed
laborers who hate them, as though intentionally provoking them with the
pomp of their parks and palaces, their theaters, hunts, and races. At the
same time they continue to persuade themselves and others that they are
all much concerned about the welfare of these working classes, whom they
have always trampled under their feet, and on Sundays, richly dressed,
they drive in sumptuous carriages to the houses of God built in very
mockery of Christianity, and there listen to men, trained to this work of
deception, who in white neckties or in brocaded vestments, according to
their denomination, preach the love for their neighbor which they all
gainsay in their lives. And these people have so entered into their part
that they seriously believe that they really are what they pretend to be. |
ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé ±×¸®°í ±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé,
±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ³»µé,
°¡Á¤ ±³»çµé,
ÀÚ³àµé,
¿ä¸®»çµé,
¹è¿ìµé,
¿îÀü¼öµé,
µîµîÀº,
°®°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î,
´Ù¾çÇÑ ÈíÇ÷
Áý´Ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±ÞÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »¡¾Æ³½ ÇǷμ
»ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
³¯¸¶´Ù ±×µéÀÇ Äè¶ôÀº ¼ö¹é ¼öõÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ
³¯µéÀ» Èñ»ý½ÃŲ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ÀÌµé ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ °íÅëµé°ú
±ÃÇÌÀ»,
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµé,
±×µéÀÇ ³ëºÎ¸ðµé,
±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ³»µé ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ º´ÀÚµéÀ» À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀº ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷ÈµÈ ¾àÅ»À» ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
°¡ÇØÁö´Â ó¹úµéÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀڽŵéÀÇ »çÄ¡¸¦
ÁÙÀ̰ųª ¼û±â±â´ÂÄ¿³ç,
±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀ» ¹Ì¿öÇÏ´Â
ÀÌ·± ¾ï¾Ð ¹Þ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé ¾Õ¿¡¼ »·»·½º·´°Ôµµ
µå·¯³»¾î º¸ÀδÙ,
¸¶Ä¡ °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÇ °ø¿øµé
±×¸®°í ±ÃÀüµé,
±×µéÀÇ ±ØÀåµé,
»ç³ÉÅ͵é,
±×¸®°í
°æÁÖµéÀÇ È·ÁÇÔÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇÑ´Ù.
µ¿½Ã¿¡
±×µéÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼ Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀº
¸ðµÎ ÀÌµé ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â °è±ÞµéÀÇ º¹Áö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÉÈ÷
¿°·ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï°Ô ÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö¸¸,
¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×µéÀÇ ¹ß
¾Æ·¡¿¡ Áþ¹â¾Æ ¿Ô´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀÏ¿äÀÏ¿¡´Â,
È·ÁÇÏ°Ô Â÷·Á
ÀÔ°í¼,
È£È·Î¿î ¸¶Â÷¸¦ Ÿ°í ±âµ¶±³¸¦ Á¤¸» ºñ½ÁÇϰÔ
Èä³»³»¾î ÁöÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Áý¿¡ °¡¼´Â,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â¸¸ÀûÀÎ
ÀÏ¿¡ ±æµé¿©Áø »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±Í¸¦ ±Í¿ïÀ̸ç,
±×µéÀº ÇϾá
³ØÅ¸ÀÌ¿Í ¾ç´ÜÀ¸·Î § ÀǺ¹µéÀ» ÀÔ°í¼,
±×µéÀÇ Á¾ÆÄ¿¡
µû¶ó,
±×µé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀڽŵéÀÇ »î¿¡¼ ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ¿ô¿¡
´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ» ¼³±³ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ
¿ªÇÒ¿¡ ±×Åä·Ï Âü¿©ÇÏ¿©¼ ±×µéÀº Á¤¸»·Î ±×µéÀÌ
°¡ÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ´ë·Î¶ó°í ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
The universal hypocrisy has so entered into the flesh and blood of all
classes of our modern society; it has reached such a pitch that nothing in
that way can rouse indignation. Hypocrisy in the Greek means "acting,"
and acting-playing a part-is always possible. The representatives of
Christ give their blessing to the ranks of murderers holding their guns
loaded against their brothers; "for prayer" priests, ministers of
various Christian sects are always present, as indispensably as the
hangman, at executions, and sanction by their presence the compati¡©bility
of murder with Christianity (a clergyman assisted at the attempt at murder
by electricity in America)-but such facts cause no one any surprise. |
º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ À§¼±ÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇØ¼ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çö´ë »çȸÀÇ
¸ðµç °è±ÞµéÀÇ »ì°ú ÇÇ¿¡ ½º¸ç µé¾ú´Ù;
±×°ÍÀº ±×Åä·Ï
±Øµµ¿¡ ´ÞÇØ¼ ±×·± ½ÄÀÇ ¾î´À °Íµµ ºÐ³ë¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù.
±×¸®½º¾î·Î À§¼±(hypocrisy)Àº ¡°ÇàÇÔ(acting),¡±À»
ÀǹÌÇϸç,
ÇàÇÔ-¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇàÇÔ-Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ´ëº¯ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô ÃÑÀ»
ÀåÀüÇÏ¿© °Ü´©¾î µé°í ÀÖ´Â »ìÀÎÀÚµéÀÇ ´ë¿¿¡°Ô
ÃູÀ» ³»¸°´Ù; ¡°±âµµ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©¡±
´Ù¾çÇÑ ±âµ¶±³
Á¾ÆÄµéÀÇ »çÁ¦µé,
¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀº,
óÇüÀå¿¡ ÇʼöÀÎ ±³¼öÇü
ÁýÇàÀÚó·³,
¾ðÁ¦³ª Âü¼®Çϰí,
±×µéÀÇ Âü¿©·Î¼
±âµ¶±³¿Í »ìÀÎÀÇ Å¸ÇùÀ» Çã¶ôÇÑ´Ù (¹Ì±¹¿¡¼´Â ¸ñ»ç°¡
Àü±â·Î »ìÀÎÇÏ´Â ½Ãµµ¿¡ ÇùÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù)-±×·¯³ª ±×·±
»ç½ÇµéÀº ¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ ³î¶ó¿òÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
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