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| CHAPTER XII. |
Á¦
12
Àå
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CONCLUSION-REPENT YE, FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS AT
HAND. |
°á·Ð-ȸ°³Ç϶ó,
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ
°¡±î¿ü´À´Ï¶ó.
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1. |
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Chance Meeting with a Train Carrying Soldiers to Restore Order Among
the Famishing Peasants-Reason of the Expedition-How the Decisions of the
Higher Authorities are Enforced in Cases of Insub¡©ordination on Part of
the Peasants-What Happened at Orel, as an Example of How the Rights of the
Propertied Classes are Maintained by Murder and Torture-All the Privileges
of the Wealthy are Based on Similar Acts of Violence. |
1.
±¾ÁÖ¸®´Â ³óºÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡ Áú¼¸¦ ȸº¹Çϱâ À§ÇÑ
º´»çµéÀ» ÅÂ¿î ±âÂ÷¸¦ ¸¸³ª´Ù-¿øÁ¤ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯-¾î¶»°Ô °íÀ§
±Ç·ÂµéÀÇ °áÁ¤µéÀÌ ³óºÎµéÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ºÒº¹Á¾ÀÇ
»ç°Çµé¿¡ ÁýÇàµÇ´Â°¡-¿À·¼¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â°¡,
À¯»ê
°è±ÞÀÇ ±Ç¸®µéÀÌ »ìÀΰú °í¹®À¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÇ
¿¹¸¦ µç´Ù-¸ðµç ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ Æ¯±ÇµéÀº À¯»çÇÑ Æø·Â
ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
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2. |
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The Elements that Made up the Force Sent to Toula, and the Con¡©duct
of the Men Composing it-How these Men Could Carry Out such Acts-The
Explanation is Not to be Found in Ignorance, Conviction, Cruelty,
Heartlessness, or Want of Moral Sense-They do these Things Because they
are Necessary to Support the Existing Order, which they Consider it Every
Man's Duty to Support-The Basis of this Conviction that the Existing
Order is Necessary and Inevitable- In the Upper Classes this Conviction is
Based on the Advantages of the Existing Order for Themselves-But what
Forces Men of the Lower Classes to Believe in the Immutability of the
Existing Order, from which they Derive no Advantage, and which they Aid in
Main¡©taining, Facts Contrary to their Conscience?-This is the Result of
the Lower Classes being Deluded by the Upper, Both as to the Inevi¡©tability
of the Existing Order and the Lawfulness of the Acts of Violence Needed to
Maintain it-Deception in General-Special Form of Deception in Regard to
Military Service-Conscription. |
2.
Åø¶ó¿¡ ÆÄ°ßµÈ ±º´ë¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿ä¼Òµé,
±×¸®°í
±×°ÍÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Åµµµé-ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô
±×·± ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡-¹«Áö,
È®½Å,
ÀÜÀÎÇÔ,
¸ôÀÎÁ¤ÇÔ,
¶Ç´Â µµ´öÀû °¨°¢ÀÇ °á¿©¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö
¾ø´Ù-±×µéÀº ±âÁ¸ Áú¼¸¦ ¼öÈ£Çϱâ À§Çؼ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷÎ
ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù,
±×°ÍÀ» ¼öÈ£ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¦°¢±â
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àǹ«¶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù-±âÁ¸ Áú¼°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç
ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ̶ó´Â È®½ÅÀÇ ±âÃÊ-»óÀ§ °è±Þµé¿¡¼ ÀÌ È®½ÅÀº
±âÁ¸ Áú¼°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ´Ù-±×·¯³ª
¹«¾ùÀÌ ³¸Àº °è±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±âÁ¸ Áú¼ÀÇ
ºÒº¯¼ºÀ» ¹Ï°Ô °¿äÇϴ°¡,
±×µéÀº ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Æ¹«·±
ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÁö ¸øÇϸç,
±×°ÍÀÇ À¯Áö¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ µ½°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡?-À̰ÍÀº »ó·ù
°è±Þ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÇÏ·ù °è±ÞÀÌ ±â¸¸´çÇÑ °á°úÀ̸ç,
±×°ÍÀº
±âÁ¸ Áú¼ÀÇ ºÒ°¡ÇǼº°ú ±×°ÍÀ» À¯ÁöÇÔ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æø·Â
ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ ÇÕ¹ý¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¸¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼´Ù-ÀüüÀûÀÎ
±â¸¸-º´¿ª Àǹ«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±â¸¸-¡º´Á¦. |
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3. |
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How can Men Allow that Murder is Permissible while they Preach
Principles of Morality, and How can they Allow of the Existence in their
Midst of a Military Organization of Physical Force which is a Constant
Menace to Public Security?-It is only Allowed by the Upper Classes, who
Profit by this Organization, Because their Privi¡©leges are Maintained by
it-The Upper Classes Allow it, and the Lower Classes Carry it into Effect
in Spite of their Consciousness of the Immorality of the Deeds of
Violence, the More Readily Because Through the Arrangements of the
Government the Moral Responsi¡©bility for such Deeds is Divided among a
Great Number of Partici¡©pants in it, and Everyone Throws the
Responsibility on Someone Else-Moreover, the Sense of Moral Responsibility
is Lost through the Delusion of Inequality, and the Consequent
Intoxication of Power on the Part of Superiors, and Servility on the Part
of Inferiors-The Condition of these Men, Acting against the Dictates of
their Con¡©science, is Like that of Hypnotized Subjects Acting by
Suggestion- The Difference between this Obedience to Government
Suggestion, and Obedience to Public Opinion, and to the Guidance of Men of
a Higher Moral Sense-The Existing Order of Society, which is the Result of
an Extinct Public Opinion and is Inconsistent with the Al¡©ready Existing
Public Opinion of the Future, is only Maintained by the Stupefaction of
the Conscience, Produced Spontaneously by Self-inter¡©est in the Upper
Classes and Through Hypnotizing in the Lower Classes-The Conscience or the
Common Sense of such Men may Awaken, and there are Examples of its Sudden
Awakening, so that one can Never be Sure of the Deeds of Violence they are
Prepared for-It Depends Entirely on the Point which the Sense of the
Unlawfulness of Acts of Violence has Reached, and this Sense may
Spontaneously Awaken in Men, or may be Reawakened by the Influence of Men
of more Conscience. |
3.
¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¼ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µµ´öÀÇ ¿ø¸®µéÀ» ¼³±³Çϰí
ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ »ìÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ç¶÷µé ÀÎÁ¤Çϴ°¡,
±×¸®°í °ø°øÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â À§ÇùÀÌ µÇ´Â ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ
ÈûÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±º´ë Á¶Á÷ÀÇ °¡¿îµ¥¼ ÀÎÁ¤µÉ ¼ö Àִ°¡?-±×°ÍÀº
¿ÀÁ÷ »ó·ù °è±Þ¿¡¼ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¸ç,
±×µéÀº ÀÌ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î¼
ÀÌÀÍÀ» º»´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÇ Æ¯±ÇµéÀº ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î
À¯ÁöµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-»ó·ù°è±ÞµéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇϰí ÇÏ·ù
°è±ÞµéÀº Æø·ÂÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñµµ´ö¼ºÀ» ÀǽÄÇÔ¿¡µµ
±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù,
±×°Íµµ ´õ ½±°Ô ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Á¤ºÎÀÇ
°èȹµé¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ
±× ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹Àº µ¿ÂüÀÚµé°í ³ª´©¾î Áö¸ç,
Á¦°¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ´©±¸¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Àü°¡Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-°Ô´Ù°¡,
µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓÀÇ °¨°¢Àº ºÒÆòµîÀÇ ±â¸¸À» ÅëÇØ¼
»ç¶óÁö°í,
°á±¹ ¿ì¿ùÇÑ ÀÚÀÇ Æí¿¡¼ÀÇ ÈûÀÇ Áßµ¶°ú
¿µîÇÑ ÀÚÀÇ Æí¿¡¼ÀÇ ±¼Á¾ÀÌ´Ù-ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »óÅ´Â,
±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É°ú´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇൿÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
¸¶Ä¡ ¾Ï½Ã·Î¼
ÇൿÇÏ´Â Ãָ鿡 °É¸° ³ë¿¹µéÀÇ ±×°Í°ú °°´Ù-Á¤ºÎÀÇ
¾Ï½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± º¹Á¾°ú,
´õ¿í ³ôÀº µµ´öÀû °¨°¢ÀÇ
Áö½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹Á¾ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ-»çȸÀÇ ±âÁ¸ Áú¼´Â,
¼Ò¸êµÈ
¿©·ÐÀÇ °á°úÀ̸ç,
ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¿©·Ð°ú
ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼,
¿ÀÁ÷ ¾ç½ÉÀ» ¸¶ºñÇÔÀ¸·Î½á
ÁöÅʵǸç,
»ó·ù °è±Þ¿¡¼´Â À̱âÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
ÇÏÀ§
°è±Þ¿¡¼´Â ÃÖ¸éÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù-±×·¯ÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀ̳ª »ó½ÄÀº °¢¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù,
±×¸®°í
±×·¯ÇÑ °©ÀÛ½º·± °¢¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù,
±×·¡¼
¿ì¸®´Â ¿¹ºñµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Æø·ÂÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» °áÄÚ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù-±×°ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ
ºÒ¹ý¼ºÀÇ Áö°¢ÀÌ µµ´ÞµÈ ÁöÁ¡¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·±
Áö°¢Àº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¹ »ç¶÷µé ¾È¿¡¼ °¢¼ºµÇ°Å³ª,
´õ
¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Àç °¢¼ºµÈ´Ù. |
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4. |
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Everything Depends on the Strength of the Consciousness of Chris¡©tian
Truths in Each Individual Man-The Leading Men of Modern Times, however, do
not Think it Necessary to Preach or Practice the Truths of Christianity,
but Regard the Modification of the External Conditions of Existence within
the Limit Imposed by Governments as Sufficient to Reform the Life of
Humanity-On this Scientific Theory of Hypocrisy, which has Replaced the
Hypocrisy of Religion, Men of the Wealthy Classes Base their Justification
of their Position-Through this Hypocrisy they can Enjoy the Exclusive
Privileges of their Posi¡©tion by Force and Fraud, and Still Pretend to be
Christians to One Another and be Easy in their Minds-This Hypocrisy Allows
Men who Preach Christianity to Take Part in Institutions Based on Vio¡©lence-No
External Reformation of Life will Render it Less Miser¡©able-Its Misery
the Result of Disunion Caused by Following Lies, not the Truth-Union only
Possible in Truth-Hypocrisy Hinders this Union, since Hypocrites Conceal
from themselves and Others the Truth they Know-Hypocrisy Turns all Reforms
of Life to Evil- Hypocrisy Distorts the Idea of Good and Evil, and so
Stands in the Way of the Progress of Men toward Perfection-Undisguised
Crimi¡©nals and Malefactors do Less Harm than those who Live by Legalized
Violence, Disguised by Hypocrisy-All Men Feel the Iniquity of our Life,
and would Long Ago have Transformed it if it had not been Dis¡©simulated
by Hypocrisy-But Seem to have Reached the Extreme Limits of Hypocrisy, and
we Need only Make an Effort of Conscience to Awaken as from a Nightmare to
a Different Reality. |
¸ðµç °ÍÀº Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ Áø¸®µéÀÇ ÀÚ°¢ÀÇ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù-Çö´ëÀÇ
ÁöµµÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº,
±×·¯³ª,
±âµ¶±³ Áø¸®µéÀÇ Àüµµ³ª
½ÇÇàÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×·¯³ª,
ÀηùÀÇ »îÀ» °³ÇõÇϱ⿡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ
¸¸ÅÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ºÎ°úµÇ´Â ÇÑ°è ³»¿¡¼ Á¸ÀçÀÇ
¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù-ÀÌ·±
À§¼±ÀûÀÎ °úÇÐÀûÀÎ À̷п¡ ´ëÇØ¼,
À̰ÍÀº Á¾±³ÀÇ
À§¼±À» ´ëüÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼,
ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ °èÃþÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§ÀÇ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÌ·± À§¼±À»
ÅëÇØ¼ ±×µéÀº Æø·Â°ú »ç±â·Î¼ ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¹èŸÀûÀΠƯ±ÇµéÀ» ´©¸± ¼ö ÀÕ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¼·Î¿¡°Ô
¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÎ °Íó·³ Ç༼Çϸç,
±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÌ
ÆíÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÌ·± À§¼±Àº ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·ÎÇÏ´Â ±â°üµé¿¡ Âü¿©Çϵµ·Ï
Çã¶ôÇÑ´Ù-¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ °³Çõµµ ´ú ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù-Áø¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °ÅÁþ¸»À» µû¸§À¸·Î½á ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â
ºÐ¿ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ºÒÇàÀÌ´Ù-¿¬ÇÕÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®·Î¼
°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù-À§¼±Àº ÀÌ·± ¿¬ÇÕÀ» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé
À§¼±ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼û±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-À§¼±Àº ¼±°ú ¾ÇÀÇ °³³äÀ»
¿Ö°î½ÃŰ¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿Ïº®À¸·Î Áøº¸ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
°É¸²µ¹ÀÌ µÈ´Ù-À§¼±ÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹üÁËÀÚµé°ú ¾ÇÀεéÀº
ÇÕ¹ýÈµÈ Æø·Â°ú,
À§¼±À¸·Î À§ÀåÇÏ¿© »ç´Â »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù
´ú ÇØ·Ó´Ù-¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¾ÇÇÔÀ» ´À³¤´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº À§¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ °¡ÀåµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é
¿À·¡Àü¿¡ º¯ÇüµÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¯³ª À§¼±ÀÇ ±ØÇÑ¿¡
µµ´ÞÇÑ °Í °°´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Ç¸ùÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¸¥
Çö½Ç·Î ÀÚ°¢Çϱâ À§Çؼ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. |
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5. |
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Can Man Make this Effort?-According to the Hypocritical Theory of
the Day, Man is not Free to Transform his Life-Man is not Free in his
Actions, but he is Free to Admit or to Deny the Truth he Knows-When Truth
is Once Admitted, it Becomes the Basis of Action-Man's Threefold
Relation to Truth-The Reason of the Ap¡©parent Insolubility of the Problem
of Free Will-Man's Freedom Con¡©sists in the Recognition of the Truth
Revealed to him. There is no Other Freedom-Recognition of Truth Gives
Freedom, and Shows the Path Along which. Willingly or Unwillingly by
Mankind, Man Must Advance-The Recognition of Truth and Real Freedom
Enables Man to Share in the Work of God, not as the Slave, but as the
Creator of Life-Men Need only Make the Effort to Renounce all Thought of
Bettering the External Conditions of Life and Bend all their Efforts to
Recognizing and Preaching the Truth they Know, to put an End to the
Existing Miserable State of Things, and to Enter upon the Kingdom of God
so far as it is yet Accessible to Man-All that is Needed is to Make an End
of Lying and Hypocrisy-But then what Awaits us in the Future?-What will
Happen to Humanity if Men Follow the Dic¡©tates of their Conscience, and
how can Life go on with the Conditions of Civilized Life to which we are
Accustomed?-All Uneasiness on these Points may be Removed by the
Reflection that Nothing True and Good can be Destroyed by the Realization
of Truth, but will only be Freed from the Alloy of Falsehood. |
5.
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?-½Ã´ëÀÇ À§¼±ÀûÀÎ
À̷п¡ µû¸£¸é,
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¯ÇüÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù-»ç¶÷µéÀº
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿµé¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×°¡ ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰ųª,
°ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÏ´Ü
Áø¸®°¡ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Áö¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡µÈ´Ù-ÀÚÀ¯
ÀÇÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯-»ç¶÷ÀÇ
ÀÚÀ¯´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥
ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¾ø´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁØ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀÇÁöµç
ºñÀÇÁöµç Àηù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀüÁøÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â
±æÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù,
³ë¿¹·Î¼°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
»îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶Àڷμ-
±âÁ¸ÀÇ ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç¹°ÀÇ »óŸ¦
³¡³»·Á¸é,
±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡´ÉÇÒ ¶§¿¡
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡ µé¾î °¡·Á¸é,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ
»îÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۰íÀÚÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ý°¢À» ¹ö¸®°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â
³ë·ÂÀ» ÇØ¾ßÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀ»
±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀüÆÄÇϴµ¥
±â¿ïÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù-ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº °ÅÁþ°ú À§¼±À»
Áß´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¯¸é ¹Ì·¡¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦
±â´Ù¸®°í Àִ°¡?-»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ»
µè´Â´Ù¸é Àηù¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ °ÍÀΰ¡,
±×¸®°í »îÀº
¾î¶»°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀûÀÀÇØ¿Â ¹®¸íÈµÈ »îÀÇ »óȲµé¿¡
Áö¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?-ÀÌ·± Á¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ºÒÆíÇÔÀº
Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνĿ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Áø½ÇÇÑ °Í°ú ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÆÄ±«µÉ ¼ö
¾øÀ¸¸ç,
¿ÀÁ÷ °ÅÁþ°úÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿Í Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â
»ý°¢À¸·Î¼ Á¦°ÅµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
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6. |
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Our Life has Reached the Extreme Limit of Misery and Cannot be
Improved by any Systems of Organization-All our Life and all our
Institutions are Quite Meaningless-Are we Doing what God Wills of us by
Preserving our Privileges and Duties to Government?-We are put in this
Position not Because the World is so Made and it is Inevi¡©table, but
Because we Wish it to be so, Because it is to the Advantage of Some of
us-Our Conscience is in Opposition to our Position and all our Conduct,
and the Way Out of the Contradiction is to be Found in the Recognition of
the Christian Truth: Do Not unto Others what you Would Not they should Do
unto You-As our Duties to Self Must be Subordinated to our Duties to
Others, so Must our Duties to Others be Subordinated to our Duties to
God-The Only Way Out of our Position Lies, if not in Renouncing our
Position and our Privileges, at Least in Recognizing our Sin and not
Justifying it nor Disguising it- The Only Object of Life is to Learn the
Truth and to Act on it-Ac¡©ceptance of the Position and of State Action
Deprives Life of all Ob¡©ject-It is God's Will that we should Serve Him
in our Life, that is, that we should Bring About the Greatest Unity of all
that has Life, a Unity only Possible in Truth. |
6.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀº ºÒÇàÀÇ ±ØÇÑ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù ±×¸®°í
Á¶Á÷À̶ó´Â ü°èµé·Î´Â °³¼±µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç
»î°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â°üµéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Ù-Á¤ºÎ¿¡
´ëÇÑ Æ¯±Çµé°ú Àǹ«µéÀ» À¯º¸ÇÏ¸é¼ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô
¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®´Â ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡?-¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·± À§Ä¡¿¡
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¼¼»óÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¸¸µé¾î Á®¼ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇϱâ
¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÔÀ» ¿øÇϰí,
¿ì¸®µé
ÁßÀÇ ´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀº
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿Í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÈ´Ù,
±×¸®°í
±×·± ¸ð¼ø¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ±æÀº ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦
ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù:
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇàÇϱ⸦
¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç½Åµµ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó-¿ì¸®
Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µé¿¡
Á¾¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔ°ú °°ÀÌ,
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
Àǹ«µéµµ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àǹ«µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã³Áö¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±æÀº,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ
ÁöÀ§µé°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Æ¯±ÇµéÀ» Æ÷±âÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é,
Àû¾îµµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á˸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» Á¤´çÈ ÇÏÁöµµ
¼û±â·Á ÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ½¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù-»îÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀº Áø¸®¸¦
¹è¿ì°í ±×°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-ÁöÀ§¿Í ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦
¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓÀº »îÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸ñÀûÀ» »©¾Ñ±â°Ô µÈ´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î
¾È¿¡¼ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¼¶±â´Â °ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù,
Áï,
¿ì¸®´Â »ý¸íÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ÈÇÕ,
Áï,
¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÈÇÕÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
|
|
6. |
|
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Nowadays, after so many centuries of fruitless efforts to make our life
secure by the pagan organization of life, it must be evident to everyone
that all efforts in that direction only introduce fresh dangers into
personal and social life, and do not render it more secure in any way. |
À̱³ÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ¾ÈÀüÇϰÔ
ÇÏ·Á´Â ¼ö ¹é³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ÇêµÈ ³ë·Â ³¡ÀÇ ¿À´Ã³¯,
±×·±
¹æÇâÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ °³ÀÎ ¹× »çȸÀûÀÎ »î¿¡
»õ·Î¿î À§ÇèµéÀ» ´øÁ®ÁÖ¸ç,
¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµç ´õ
¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
¸í¹éÇØÁ³´Ù. |
|
Whatever names we dignify ourselves with, whatever uni¡©forms we wear,
whatever priests we anoint ourselves before, however many millions we
possess, however many guards are stationed along our road, however many
police¡©men guard our wealth, however many so-called criminals,
revolutionists, and anarchists we punish, whatever exploits we have
performed, whatever states we may have founded, fortresses and towers we
may have erected-from Babel to the Eiffel Tower-there are two inevitable
conditions of life, confronting all of us, which destroy its whole
meaning; |
¿ì¸®°¡ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¾î¶² ¸íĪÀ¸·Î À§¾ö½º·´°Ô ÇÏ·ÁÇϵç,
¾î¶² Á¦º¹À» ÀÔµç,
¾î¶² »çÁ¦µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ±â¸§ºÎ¾î ÁÖµç,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¼ö¹é¸¸À» ¼ÒÀ¯Çϵç,
¿ì¸®°¡ °¡´Â ±æ¿¡
¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹Àº °æÈÄ¿øµéÀÌ ÁøÀ» Ä¡µç,
¾Æ¹«¸® ¾ÊÀº
°æÂû°üÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÎ¸¦ °æºñÇϵç,
¼ÒÀ§ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹Àº
¹üÁËÀÚµé,
Çõ¸í°¡µé,
±×¸®°í ¹«Á¤ºÎÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡
ó¹úÇϵç,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ¾÷ÀûÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏ¿´µç,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶²
±¹°¡µéÀ» ¼¼¿üÀ¸¸ç,
¿ä»õµé°ú ¼ºµéÀ» ¼¼¿üÀ» Áö¶óµµ-¹Ùº§¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ
¿¡Æç ž±îÁö-¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ Á÷¸éÇØ ÀÖ´Â,
±× Àüü Àǹ̸¦
»ó¼âÇÏ´Â µÎ °¡Áö ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â »îÀÇ »óŵéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù; |
|
(1) death, which may at any moment pounce upon each of us; and (2) the
transitoriness of all our works, which so soon pass away and leave no
trace. Whatever we may do- found companies, build palaces and monuments,
write songs and poems-it is all not for long time. Soon it passes away,
leaving no trace. And therefore, however we may conceal it from ourselves,
we cannot help seeing that the significance of our life cannot lie in our
personal fleshly existence, the prey of incurable suffering and inevitable
death, nor in any social institution or organization. Who¡©ever you may be
who are reading these lines, think of your position and of your duties-not
of your position as land¡©owner, merchant, judge, emperor, president,
minister, priest, soldier, which has been temporarily allotted you by men,
and not of the imaginary duties laid on you by those positions, but of
your real positions in eternity as a creature who at the will of Someone
has been called out of uncon¡©sciousness after an eternity of
non-existence to which you may return at any moment at his will. Think of
your duties-not your supposed duties as a landowner to your estate, as a
merchant to your business, as emperor, minis¡©ter, or official to the
state, but of your real duties, the duties that follow from your real
position as a being called into life and endowed with reason and love. |
(1)
Á×À½,
À̰ÍÀº ¾î´À ¼ø°£¿¡¶óµµ ¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚÀÇ À§¿¡
µ¤Ä¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù;
±×¸®°í (2)
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾÷ÀûµéÀÇ µ¡¾øÀ½,
À̰͵éÀº ³Ê¹«³ª »¡¸® »ç¶óÁö°í ¾Æ¹«·± ÈçÀûµµ ³²±âÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇàÇϵçÁö-ȸ»ç¸¦ ¼³¸³Çϰí,
±ÃÀüµé°ú ±â³äºñµéÀ» ¼¼¿ì¸ç,
³ë·¡µé°ú ½ÃµéÀ» ¾²µçÁö
°£¿¡-±× ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¿À·¡°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
°ð ±×°ÍÀº
»ç¶óÁö°í,
¾Æ¹«·± ÈçÀûµµ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
±×¸®°í
±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Æ¹«¸® Àڽŵ鿡°Ô¼ ¼û±â·Á
ÇØµµ,
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ Àǹ̴ °³ÀÎÀû À°Ã¼Àû Á¸Àç,
Áï Ä¡À¯ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °íÅë°ú ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á×À½ÀÇ
Àç¹°À̳ª,
¾î¶² »çȸÀû ±â±¸³ª Á¶Á÷¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½À»
±ú´ÝÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ÀÌ ±Û ÁÙµéÀ» Àаí ÀÖ´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ
´©±¸µç °£¿¡,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿Í Àǹ«µéÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó-ÁöÁÖ,
»óÀÎ,
¹ý°ü,
ȲÁ¦,
´ëÅë·É,
Àå°ü,
»çÁ¦,
º´»ç·Î¼
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àӽ÷Π´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇÒ´çÇØÁØ À§Ä¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×µé ÁöÀ§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ºÎ°úµÈ °¡»óÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î´À ¼ø°£¿¡¶óµµ ±× ºÐÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ µû¶ó
µ¹¾Æ°¥ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½ µÚ¿¡ ¹«ÀǽÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±× ºÐÀÇ
¶æ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ºÒ·Á ³ª¿Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°·Î¼,
¿µ¿ø¿¡¼ÀÇ ´ç½ÅÀÇ
ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÁöÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó.
´ç½ÅÀÇ Àǹ«µé¿¡
´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó-¼ÒÀ§ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÅäÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÁַμÀÇ
Àǹ«,
´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »óÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ Àǹ«,
ȲÁ¦,
Àå°ü,
¶Ç´Â °ü¸®ÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ«µé,
»îÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸§ ¹Þ°í À̼º°ú »ç¶ûÀ»
ºÎ¿© ¹ÞÀº Á¸Àç·Î¼ÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÁöÀ§¿¡ µû¸£´Â Àǹ«µéÀ»
»ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó. |
|
Are you doing what he demands of you who has sent you into the world,
and to whom you will soon return? Are you doing what he wills? Are you
doing his will, when as landowner or manufacturer you rob the poor of the
fruits of their toil, basing your life on this plunder of the workers, or
when, as judge or governor, you ill treat men, sentence them to execution,
or when as soldiers you prepare for war, kill and plunder? |
´ç½ÅÀ» ¼¼»ó¿¡ º¸³»¾ú°í,
°ð µ¹¾Æ °¡¾ß ÇÒ ±× ºÐÀÌ
¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç½ÅÀº ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡?
´ç½ÅÀº ±×ºÐÀÌ
¶æÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡?
ÁöÁÖ³ª Á¦Á¶¾÷Àڷμ
´ç½ÅÀÌ °¡³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ¿¸ÅµéÀ»
°Å»Çϰí,
´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÔ¿¡
±âÃÊÇÒ ¶§¿¡,
¶Ç´Â ¹ý°üÀ̳ª Ãѵ¶À¸·Î¼,
»ç¶÷µéÀ»
ÇдëÇϰí,
±×µé¿¡°Ô »çÇü¼±°í¸¦ ³»¸± ¶§,
¶Ç´Â º´»ç·Î¼
ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í »ìÀÎÇÏ¸ç ¾àÅ»ÇÒ ¶§¿¡,
´ç½ÅÀº ±×ÀÇ
¶æÀ» ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡? |
|
You will say that the world is so made that this is inevi¡©table, and
that you do not do this of your own free will, but because you are forced
to do so. But can it be that you have such a strong aversion to men's
sufferings, ill treat¡©ment, and murder, that you have such an intense
need of love and co-operation with your fellows that you see clearly that
only by the recognition of the equality of all, and by mutual services,
can the greatest possible happiness be real¡©ized; that your head and your
heart, the faith you profess, and even science itself tell you the same
thing, and yet that in spite of it all you can be forced by some confused
and complicated reasoning to act in direct opposition to all this; that as
landowner or capitalist you are bound to base your whole life on the
oppression of the people; that as emperor or president you are to command
armies, that is, to be the , head and commander of murderers; or that as
government official you are forced to take from the poor their last pence
for rich men to profit and share them among themselves; or that as judge
or juryman you could be forced to sentence erring men to ill treatment and
death because the truth was not revealed to them, or above all, for that
is the basis of all the evil, that you could be forced to become a
soldier, and renouncing your free will and your human sentiments, could
undertake to kill anyone at the command of other men? |
´ç½ÅÀº ¼¼»óÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¸¸µé¾î Á³À¸¹Ç·Î À̰ÍÀÌ
ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇϸç,
´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö·Î À̰ÍÀ» ÇàÇÔÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇϵµ·Ï °¿ä ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °íÅë,
Çдë,
±×¸®°í »ìÀο¡
´ëÇØ¼ ±×·¸°Ô °ÇÑ Çø¿À¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
´ç½ÅÀÇ
µ¿·áµé¿¡°Ô »ç¶û°ú Çù·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×Åä·Ï °·ÄÇÑ ¿å±¸¸¦
°¡Á®¼,
¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ Æòµî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνĿ¡¼,
±×¸®°í »óÈ£ ºÀ»ç¿¡¼,
°¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå Å« ÇູÀÌ ½ÇÇöµÉ
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡;
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿Í °¡½¿,
´ç½ÅÀÌ °í¹éÇÏ´Â ½Å¾Ó,
±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î °úÇÐ ÀÚü°¡ ¶È
°°Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØ ÁÖÁö¸¸,
±× ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¾î¶²
È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ì¸ç º¹ÀâÇÑ Ã߷п¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °Í¿¡
Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© ÇàÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç;
ÁöÁÖ³ª ÀÚº»°¡·Î¼
´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àüü »îÀ» »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇÔ¿¡
±âÃÊÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ Çϰí;
ȲÁ¦³ª ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼ ´ç½ÅÀº
±º´ë¸¦ È£·ÉÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ Çϸç,
Áï,
»ìÀÎÀÚµéÀÇ ¼ö¹ÝÀ̸ç
ÁöÈÖÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß Çϰí;
¶Ç´Â Á¤ºÎ °ü¸®·Î¼ °¡³ÇÑ
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼ ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ÇÑǬÀÌ¶óµµ ºÎÀÚµéÀÌ
ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸°í ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ ³ª´©µµ·Ï »©¾Ñ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çϰųª;
¶Ç´Â ¹ý°üÀ̳ª ¹è½É¿øÀ¸·Î¼ Áø¸®°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁöÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¸À¸·Î °ú¿À¸¦ ÀúÁö¸¦ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¡È¤ÇÑ
´ë¿ì³ª »çÇü¿¡ ¼±°íÇϰųª,
¶Ç´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×°ÍÀÌ
¸ðµç ¾ÇÀÇ ±Ù°Å¶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î,
´ç½ÅÀÌ º´»ç°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß¸¸
Çϰí,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö¿Í ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àΰ£À¸·Î¼ÀÇ
°¨Á¤µéÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí,
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ µû¶ó¼
´©±¸¶óµµ Á×ÀÌ´Â ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ´ÙÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? |
|
It cannot be. |
±×·² ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
Even if you are told that all this is necessary for the maintenance of
the existing order of things, and that this social order with its
pauperism, famines, prisons, gallows, armies, and wars is necessary to
society; that still greater disasters would ensue if this organization
were destroyed; all that is said only by those who profit by this organiza¡©tion,
while those who suffer from it-and they are ten times as numerous-think
and say quite the contrary. And at the bottom of your heart you know
yourself that it is not true, that the existing organization has outlived
its time, and must inevitably be reconstructed on new principles, and that
consequently there is no obligation upon you to sacrifice your sentiments
of humanity to support it. |
ºñ·Ï ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ±âÁ¸ ¼¼»ó Áú¼¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í,
±×¸®°í ºó°ï,
±â±Ù,
°¨¿Á,
±³¼ö´ë,
±º´ë,
±×¸®°í ÀüÀï µéÀ» ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·± »çȸ Áú¼°¡ »çȸ¿¡
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í µé¾úÀ» Áö¶óµµ;
¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷ÀÌ
ÆÄ±«µÈ´Ù¸é ÈξÀ Å« Àç¾ÓµéÀÌ µû¸¦ °ÍÀ̸ç;
±× ¸ðµç
°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç,
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ °íÅë ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº-±×¸®°í
±×µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ¿ ¹è³ª ¸¹´Ù-
Á¤ ¹Ý´ë·Î »ý°¢Çϰí
¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡½¿ ±íÀº °÷¿¡¼,
±×°ÍÀÌ
Áø½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç,
±âÁ¸ Á¶Á÷Àº ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
¹Ýµå½Ã »õ·Î¿î ¿ø¸®µé À§¿¡ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Àç °Ç¼³µÇ¾î
Á®¾ß Çϰí,
°á±¹ ±× Á¶Á÷À» Áö¿øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Àηù¾ÖÀÇ
°¨Á¤µéÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ«°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Above all, even if you allow that this organization is necessary, why
do you believe it to be your duty to maintain it at the cost of your best
feelings? Who has made you the nurse in charge of this sick and moribund
organization? Not society nor the state nor anyone; no one has asked you
to undertake this; you who fill your position of landowner, merchant,
tzar, priest, or soldier know very well that you occupy that position by
no means with the unselfish aim of maintaining the organization of life
necessary to men's happiness, but simply in your own interests, to
satisfy your own covetousness or vanity or ambition or indolence or
cowardice. If you did not desire that position, you would not be doing
your utmost to retain it. Try the ex¡©periment of ceasing to commit the
cruel, treacherous, and base actions that you are constantly committing in
order to retain your position, and you will lose it at once. Try the
simple experiment, as a government official, of giving up lying, and
refusing to take a part in executions and acts of violence; as a priest,
of giving up deception; as a soldier, of giving up murder; as landowner or
manufacturer, of giv¡©ing up defending your property by fraud and force;
and you will at once lose the position which you pretend is forced upon
you, and which seems burdensome to you. |
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ,
ºñ·Ï ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ,
´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °¨Á¤µéÀ»
Èñ»ýÇÏ°í¼¶óµµ ±×°ÍÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àǹ«¶ó°í
¹Ï´Â°¡?
´©°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» ÀÌ·± º´µé¾î¼ Á׾´Â Á¶Á÷À»
Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â °£È£¿øÀ¸·Î ÀÓ¸íÇߴ°¡?
»çȸµµ,
±¹°¡µµ ¾î´À
´©±¸µµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù;
¾Æ¹«µµ ´ç½ÅÀÌ À̰ÍÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁö¶ó°í
¿äûÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù;
ÁöÁÖ,
»óÀÎ,
ȲÁ¦,
»çÁ¦,
¶Ç´Â º´»çÀÇ
Á÷À§¸¦ ä¿ì´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±× Á÷À§¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ê¹«
Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ
»îÀÇ Á¶Á÷À» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÌŸÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀº °áÄÚ
¾Æ´Ï¸ç,
´Ü¼øÈ÷ ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀ͵é·Î¼,
´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
Ž¿å,
Ç㿵,
¾ß¿å,
³ªÅÂÇÔ,
ºñ°ÌÇÔÀ» ¸¸Á·½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±× ÁöÀ§¸¦ ¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é,
´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» º¸À¯Çϱâ À§Çؼ ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ º¸À¯ÇÏ·Á°í ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÀúÁö¸£´Â
ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°í ¹è¹ÝÀûÀ̸ç,
ºñõÇÑ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¹üÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
ÁßÁöÇÏ´Â ½ÇÇèÀ» ½ÃµµÇغ¸¶ó,
±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ»
´çÀå¿¡ ÀÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Á¤ºÎÀÇ °ü¸®·Î¼,
°ÅÁþ¸»À»
Æ÷±âÇϰí,
±×¸®°í óÇüµé,
Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ»
°ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇØº¸¶ó;
¼ºÁ÷Àڷμ ±â¸¸À»
Æ÷±âÇϰí;
º´»ç·Î¼,
»ìÀÎÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí;
ÁöÁÖ³ª
Á¦Á¶¾÷Àڷμ »ç±â¿Í Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àç»êÀ» Áö۱⸦
Æ÷±âÇØº¸¶ó;
±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ´çÀå¿¡ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô °¿äµÈ
üÇϸç,
´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÁüÀÌ µÇ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â ±× ÁöÀ§¸¦
ÀÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
A man cannot be placed against his will in a situation opposed to his
conscience. |
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ¾î±ß³ª´Â »óȲ¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
ÀÇÁö¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾î ¼ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
If you find yourself in such a position it is not because it is
necessary to anyone whatever, but simply because you wish it. And
therefore knowing that your position is re¡©pugnant to your heart and your
head, and to your faith, and even to the science in which you believe, you
cannot help reflecting upon the question whether in retaining it, and
above all trying to justify it, you are doing what you ought to do. |
¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ¾î´À
´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
´Ü¼øÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ»
¿øÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§°¡
´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡½¿°ú ¸Ó¸®¿¡,
±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡,
±×¸®°í
½ÉÁö¾î ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹Ï´Â °úÇп¡ Àû´ëÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í
ÀÖÀ½À¸·Î½á,
´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡,
±×¸®°í
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×°ÍÀ» Á¤´çÈ ÇÔ¿¡¼,
´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ» ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ®À» »ý°¢ÇØ º¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. |
|
You might risk making a mistake if you had time to see and retrieve
your fault, and if you ran the risk for some¡©thing of some value. But
when you know beyond all doubt that you may disappear any minute, without
the least possi¡©bility either for yourself or those you draw after you
into your error, of retrieving the mistake, when you know that whatever
you may do in the external organization of life it will all disappear as
quickly and surely as you will yourself, and will leave no trace behind,
it is clear that you have no reasonable ground for running the risk of
such a fearful mistake. |
¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ À߸øÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ¸¸È¸ÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² °¡Ä¡¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¾î¶²
°ÍÀ» À§ÇØ À§ÇèÀ» °¨¼öÇÑ´Ù¸é,
´ç½ÅÀº ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Â
¸ðÇèÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ ´ç½Å
ÀÚ½ÅÀ̳ª ´ç½ÅÀ» ¿À·ù·Î ²ø°í °¡´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô³ª
À߸øÀ» ¸¸È¸ÇÒ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾øÀÌ,
´ç½ÅÀÌ ºÒ½Ã¿¡
»ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¶§,
±×¸®°í »îÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷¿¡¼
´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇϵçÁö ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´ç½Å ÀڽŸ¸Å
»¡¸® ±×¸®°í È®½ÇÈ÷ »ç¶óÁö°í,
µÚ¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± ÈçÀûÀ»
³²±âÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¶§,
´ç½ÅÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹«¼¿î
À߸ø¿¡ ¸ðÇèÀ» °É ¾Æ¹«·± ÇÕ´çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °®Áö ¸øÇÔÀÌ
ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. |
|
It would be perfectly simple and clear if you did not by your hypocrisy
disguise the truth which has so unmistakably been revealed to us. |
¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ±×Åä·Ï ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ´ç½ÅÀÇ
À§¼±À¸·Î À§ÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ´Ü¼øÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Share all that you have with others, do not heap up riches, do not
steal, do not cause suffering, do not kill, do not unto others what you
would not they should do unto you, all that has been said not eighteen
hundred, but five thousand years ago, and there could be no doubt of the
truth of this law if it were not for hypocrisy. Except for hypoc¡©risy men
could not have failed, if not to put the law in prac¡©tice, at least to
recognize it, and admit that it is wrong not to put it in practice. |
´ç½ÅÀÌ °¡Áø ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ³ª´©¶ó,
Àç¹°À»
½×¾Æ µÎÁö ¸»¶ó,
µµµÏÁú ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó,
°íÅëÀ» ÁÖÁö ¸»¶ó,
»ìÀÎÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó,
±×µéÀÌ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â
°ÍÀº ´ç½Åµµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó,
ÀÌ ¸ðµç
°ÍÀº 1800³â ÀüÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 5000³â Àü¿¡ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í
À§¼±ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é,
ÀÌ À²¹ýÀÇ Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇȤÀ» ÀÖÀ»
¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À§¼±ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é,
»ç¶÷µéÀº,
À²¹ýÀ»
½ÇÇà¿¡ ¿Å±èÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ,
Àû¾îµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇϰí,
±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇà¿¡ ¿Å±â±â ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº À߸øÀ̶õ °ÍÀ»
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But you will say that there is the public good to be con¡©sidered, and
that on that account one must not and ought not to conform to these
principles; for the public good one may commit acts of violence and
murder. It is better for one man to die than that the whole people perish,
you will say like Caiaphas, and you sign the sentence of death of one man,
of a second, and a third; you load your gun against this man who is to
perish for the public good, you imprison him, you take his possessions.
You say that you commit these acts of cruelty because you are a part of
the society and of the state; that it is your duty to serve them, and as
landowner, judge, emperor, or soldier to conform to their laws. But
besides belonging to the state and having duties created by that position,
you belong also to eternity and to God, who also lays duties upon you. And
just as your duties to your family and to society are subordinate to your
superior duties to the state, in the same way the latter must necessarily
be subordinated to the duties dictated to you by the eternal life and by
God. And just as it would be senseless to pull up the telegraph posts for
fuel for a family or society and thus to increase its welfare at the
expense of public interests, in the same way it is senseless to do
violence, to execute, and to murder to increase the welfare of the nation,
because that is at the expense of the interests of humanity. |
±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
Áï,
°í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ
°ø°øÀÇ ¼±ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î¼ ÀÌ·± ¿ø¸®µéÀ»
µû¸£¸é ¾ÈµÇ¸ç,
´ç¿¬È÷ µû¸£Áö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù;
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé,
°ø°øÀÇ ¼±À» À§Çؼ ¿ì¸®´Â Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µé°ú »ìÀÎÀ»
ÀúÁú·¯¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Àüü »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ´À´Ï ÇÑ
»ç¶÷ÀÌ Á×´Â °ÍÀÌ ³´´Ù,
´ç½ÅÀº °¡¾ß¹Ùó·³ ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±× ÇÑ »ç¶÷,
´ÙÀ½ »ç¶÷,
¼¼ ¹øÂ° »ç¶÷ÀÇ »çÇü
¼±°í¿¡ ¼¸íÀ» ÇÑ´Ù;
´ç½ÅÀº °ø°øÀÇ ¼±À» À§Çؼ Á×¾î¾ß
ÇÒ ÀÌ »ç¶÷À» ÇâÇØ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÃÑÀ» ÀåÀüÇϰí,
±×¸¦
Åõ¿ÁÇϸç,
±×ÀÇ Àç»êÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â´Ù.
´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ »çȸ¿Í
±¹°¡ÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·± ÀÜÇÐ ÇàÀ§µéÀ»
ÀúÁö¸¥´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù;
±×°Íµé¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¸®°í
ÁöÁÖ,
¹ý°ü,
ȲÁ¦,
¶Ç´Â º´»ç·Î¼ ±×µéÀÇ ¹ý·üÀ» µû¸£´Â
°ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àǹ«¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±¹°¡¿¡ ¼ÓÇϰí
±×·± ÁöÀ§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¸¸µé¾î Áö´Â Àǹ«µéÀ» °¡Áú »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
´ç½ÅÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿µ¿øÇÔ°ú Çϳª´Ô²² ¼ÓÇØÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
Çϳª´Ô ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Àǹ«µéÀ» ³»¸°´Ù.
±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ
°¡Á·°ú »çȸ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »óÀ§ÀÇ
Àǹ«µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ´Â °Íó·³,
¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÈÄÀÚ´Â
¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î°ú Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Áö½ÃµÈ Àǹ«µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÈ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ÀüÁÖ¸¦
»Ì¾Æ¼ °¡Á·À̳ª »çȸÀÇ ¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¸ç ±×·¡¼
°øÀÍÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ¸é¼ ±× º¹Áö¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ´ÀÌ ¹«Áö¸·ÁöÇÑ
°Íó·³,
¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î,
±¹°¡ÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ Çâ»ó½Ã۱â
À§ÇÏ¿© Æø·ÂÀ» ÇàÇϰí,
óÇüÇϸç,
»ìÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
¹«Áö¸·ÁöÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé,
±×°ÍÀº ÀηùÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ»
Èñ»ýÇÔÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Your duties as a citizen cannot but be subordinated to the superior
obligations of the eternal life of God, and can¡©not be in opposition to
them. As Christ's disciples said eighteen centuries ago: "Whether it
be right in the sight of God to hearken unto you more than unto God, judge
ye" (Acts iv. 19); and, "We ought to obey God rather than men" (Acts
v. 29). |
´ç½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¿ì¿ùÇÑ ¸í·Éµé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù,
±×¸®°í
±×°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾î¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. 1800³â Àü¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
Á¦Àڵ鵵 ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡°Çϳª´Ô ¾Õ¿¡¼ ³ÊÈñ ¸» µè´Â °ÍÀÌ
Çϳª´Ô ¸»¾¸ µè´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¿ÇÀº°¡ ÆÇ´ÜÇ϶ó.¡±(»çµµÇàÀü
4Àå 19Àý);
±×¸®°í, ¡°»ç¶÷º¸´Ù Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
¸¶¶¥Çϴ϶ó.¡± (»çµµÇàÀü 5Àå
29Àý). |
|
It is asserted that, in order that the unstable order of things,
established in one corner of the world for a few men, may not be
destroyed, you ought to commit acts of violence which destroy the eternal
and immutable order established by God and by reason. Can that possibly
be? |
¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼¼»óÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸¼®¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁø,
ºÒ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Ã¼Á¦ÀÇ Áú¼°¡ ÆÄ±«µÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§Çؼ,
´ç½ÅÀº Çϳª´Ô°ú À̼º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼¼¿öÁø ¿µ¿øÇϸç
ºÒº¯ÀÇ Áú¼¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÀúÁú·¯¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀÌ ¼³¸¶ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÏÀΰ¡? |
|
And therefore you cannot but reflect on your position as landowner,
manufacturer, judge, emperor, president, minis¡©ter, priest, and soldier,
which is bound up with violence, deception, and murder, and recognize its
unlawfulness. |
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÁöÁÖ,
Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ,
¹ý°ü,
ȲÁ¦,
´ëÅë·É,
Àå°ü,
¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ,
±×¸®°í º´»ç·Î¼ÀÇ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇØ
»ó°íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø°í,
±×°ÍÀº Æø·Â,
±â¸¸,
±×¸®°í
»ìÀÎÀ¸·Î Á¡Ã¶µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍÀÇ ºÒ¹ý¼ºÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
I do not say that if you are a landowner you are bound to give up your
lands immediately to the poor; if a capital¡©ist or manufacturer, your
money to your workpeople; or that if you are Tzar, minister, official,
judge, or general, you are bound to renounce immediately the advantages of
your position; or if a soldier, on whom all the system of violence is
based, to refuse immediately to obey in spite of all the dangers of
insubordination. |
³ª´Â ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÁöÁÖ¶ó¸é Áï½Ã ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÅäÁöµéÀ»
°¡³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾çµµÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù;
¸¸ÀÏ ÀÚº»°¡³ª Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ¶ó¸é,
´ç½ÅÀÇ µ·À» ´ç½ÅÀÇ
³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô;
¶Ç´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ È²Á¦,
Àå°ü,
°ü¸®,
¹ý°ü,
¶Ç´Â À屺À̶ó¸é,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§ÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡µéÀ» Áï°¢
Æ÷±âÇØ¾ß ÇѴٰųª;
¶Ç´Â ¸ðµç Æø·Â üÁ¦°¡ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ´Â
º´»ç¶ó¸é,
ºÒº¹Á¾¿¡ µû¸¥ ¸ðµç À§Çèµé¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí
Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î º¹Á¾Çϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇ϶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
If you do so, you will be doing the best thing possible. But it may
happen, and it is most likely, that you will not have the strength to do
so. You have relations, a family, subordinates and superiors; you are
under an influence so powerful that you cannot shake it off; but you can
always recognize the truth and refuse to tell a lie about it. You need not
declare that you are remaining a landowner, manu¡©facturer, merchant,
artist, or writer because it is useful to mankind; that you are governor,
prosecutor, or tzar, not because it is agreeable to you, because you are
used to it, but for the public good; that you continue to be a soldier,
not from fear of punishment, but because you consider the army necessary
to society. You can always avoid lying in this way to yourself and to
others, and you ought to do so; because the one aim of your life ought to
be to purify your¡©self from falsehood and to confess the truth. And you
need only do that and your situation will change directly of itself. |
¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é,
´ç½ÅÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå
ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ±×·¸°Ô
ÇàÇÒ ÈûÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» Áöµµ,
±×·² °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Â£À»Áöµµ
¸ð¸¥´Ù.
´ç½ÅÀº ģôµé,
°¡Á·,
ºÎÇϵé,
»ó»çµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù;
´ç½ÅÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª °·ÂÇÑ ¿µÇ⠾Ʒ¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ±×°ÍÀ»
¶³ÃĹö¸± ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Áø¸®¸¦
ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÅÁþ¸»À» ÇÒ °ÍÀ»
°ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Àηù¿¡°Ô À¯¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡,
ÁöÁÖ,
Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ,
»óÀÎ,
¿¹¼ú°¡,
¶Ç´Â ÀÛ°¡·Î ÀÖ°Ú´Ù°í ¾ð¸íÇÒ
¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù;
´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÀûÇÕÇϰí,
Àͼ÷Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
°ø°øÀÇ ¼±À» À§Çؼ,
Ãѵ¶,
°Ë»ç,
¶Ç´Â ȲÁ¦¶ó°í ÇØ¼´Â
¾È µÈ´Ù;
´ç½ÅÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼ º´»çÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸,
ó¹úÀÌ
µÎ·Á¿ö¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±º´ë°¡ »çȸ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â±â
¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
´ç½ÅÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÌ·±
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àڽſ¡°Ô³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °ÅÁþ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù;
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ ÇѰ¡Áö ¸ñÀûÀº
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» °ÅÁþÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±ú²ýÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç,
Áø¸®¸¦
°í¹éÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀº ¿ÀÁ÷
±×°Í¸¸À» ÇàÇÏ¸é µÇ°í,
±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ »óȲÀº Á÷Á¢
ÀúÀý·Î º¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
There is one thing, and only one thing, in which it is granted to you
to be free in life, all else being beyond your power: that is to recognize
and profess the truth. |
ÇÑ °¡Áö,
¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ±×°Í ¾È¿¡¼ »î¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿òÀÌ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Çã¶ôµÇ¸ç,
±× ¿Ü¿¡ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº
´ç½ÅÀÇ ±ÇÇÑ ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù:
±×°ÍÀº Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí
°í¹éÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
And yet simply from the fact that other men as misguided and as pitiful
creatures as yourself have made you soldier, tzar, landowner, capitalist,
priest, or general, you under¡©take to commit acts of violence obviously
opposed to your reason and your heart, to base your existence on the
misfor¡©tunes of others, and above all, instead of filling the one duty of
your life, recognizing and professing the truth, you feign not to
recognize it and disguise it from yourself and others. |
±×¸®°í ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´Ü¼øÈ÷,
´ç½Åó·³ À߸ø ÀεµµÇ°í
°¡·ÃÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» º´»ç,
ȲÁ¦,
ÁöÁÖ,
ÀÚº»°¡,
¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ,
¶Ç´Â À屺À¸·Î ÀÓ¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â »ç½Ç·ÎºÎÅÍ,
´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ À̼º°ú ¸¶À½¿¡ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â Æø·Â
ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÀúÁö¸¦ Àǹ«¸¦ Áö¸ç,
´ç½ÅÀÇ Á¸À縦 ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ºÒÇàÀ§¿¡ µÎ¸ç,
±×¸®°í,
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ,
´ç½ÅÀÇ
»îÀÇ ÇѰ¡Áö Àǹ«¸¦ ´ÙÇϰí Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í °í¹éÇÏ´Â
´ë½Å¿¡,
´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã´Çϸç,
ÀڽŰú
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» ¼û±ä´Ù. |
|
And what are the conditions in which you are doing this? You who may
die any instant, you sign sentences of death, you declare war, you take
part in it, you judge, you punish, you plunder the working people, you
live luxuriously in the midst of the poor, and teach weak men who have
confidence in you that this must be so, that the duty of men is to do
this, and yet it may happen at the moment when you are acting thus that a
bacterium or a bull may attack you and you will fall and die, losing
forever the chance of repairing the harm you have done to others, and
above all to yourself, in uselessly wasting a life which has been given
you only once in eternity, without having accomplished the only thing you
ought to have done. |
±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Â »óŵéÀº
¾î¶°ÇѰ¡?
¾ðÁ¦ Á×À»Áö ¸ð¸£´Â ´ç½ÅÀº,
´ç½ÅÀº »çÇü
¼±°í¿¡ ¼¸íÇϰí,
ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±Æ÷Çϸç,
±×°Í¿¡ Âü°¡Çϸç,
´ç½ÅÀº ÆÇ°áÀ» ³»¸®°í,
´ç½ÅÀº ó¹úÇÑ´Ù,
´ç½ÅÀº
³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÑ´Ù,
´ç½ÅÀº °¡³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé
°¡¿îµ¥¼ ȣȽº·´°Ô »ê´Ù,
±×¸®°í ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ½Å·Ú¸¦
°¡Áö´Â ¿¬¾àÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·¸°Ô
µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä¡Áö¸¸,
´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇൿÇϰí
ÀÖ´Â ¼ø°£¿¡ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ³ª Ȳ¼Ò°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» °ø°ÝÇÏ¿©
³Ñ¾îÁö°í Á×´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁúÁöµµ ¸ð¸£¸ç,
±×·¸°Ô ÇØ¼
¿µ¿øÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³¢Ä£ ÇØ¾ÇÀ» µÇµ¹¸±
±âȸÁ¶Â÷ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®°í,
¿µ¿ø¿¡¼ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ¹ø¸¸ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô
ÁÖ¾îÁø »îÀ» ¹«ÀÍÇÏ°Ô ÇãºñÇÑ °á°ú·Î ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇß¾î¾ß
¶ö À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
However commonplace and out of date it may seem to us, however confused
we may be by hypocrisy and by the hypnotic suggestion which results from
it, nothing can destroy the certainty of this simple and clearly defined
truth. No external conditions can guarantee our life, which is attended
with inevitable sufferings and infallibly terminated by death, and which
consequently can have no significance except in the constant
accomplishment of what is demanded by the Power which has placed us in
life with a sole certain guide-the rational conscience. |
±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«¸® ÁøºÎÇÏ°í ½Ã´ë¿¡ µÚ¶³¾îÁ®
º¸ÀÌ´õ¶óµµ,
±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â À§¼±°ú ÃÖ¸éÀûÀÎ
¾Ï½Ã¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁö´õ¶óµµ,
±×
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÀÌ·± ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÀÇµÈ Áø¸®ÀÇ
È®½Ç¼ºÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¾î¶² ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Á¶°Çµéµµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
»îÀ» º¸ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
»îÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °íÅëµéÀ»
µ¿¹ÝÇϸç,
¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ Á×À½À¸·Î Á¾¸»À» ¸ÂÀÌÇϸç,
±×°ÍÀº
°á±¹ ¿ì¸®¸¦ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô È®½ÇÇÑ Áöħ-À̼ºÀûÀÎ ¾ç½É-À¸·Î¼
»îÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á´Ù ³õÀº ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎ´ÜÈ÷
¼ºÃëÇÔ ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
That is why that Power cannot require of us what is irra¡©tional and
impossible: the organization of our temporary external life, the life of
society or of the state. That Power demands of us only what is reasonable,
certain, and possi¡©ble: to serve the kingdom of God, that is, to
contribute to the establishment of the greatest possible union between all
living beings-a union possible only in the truth; and to recognize and to
profess the revealed truth, which is always in our power. |
±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÌ¸ç ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °Í-
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷,
»çȸÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ
»î-À» ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô¼ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù.
±× ±Ç´ÉÀº
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ÀÁ÷ À̼ºÀûÀ̸ç,
È®½ÇÇϸç,
°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ»
¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù:
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À» ¼¶±â¸ç,
Áï,
¸ðµç »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â
Á¸ÀçµéÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ÈÇÕÀÇ È®¸³¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â °Í-¿ÀÁ÷
Áø½Ç ¾È¿¡¼¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÈÇÕ;
±×¸®°í ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦
ÀνÄÇÏ°í °í¹éÇÏ´Â °Í,
±×°ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±Ç´É ¾È¿¡
ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
"But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteous¡©ness, and
all these things shall be added unto you." (Matt. vi. 33.) |
¡°±×·¯³ª ³ÊÈñ´Â ¸ÕÀú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹°ú ±×ÀÇ ÀǸ¦
±¸Ç϶ó ±×¸®Çϸé ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ´õÇϽø®¶ó.¡±
(¸¶Åº¹À½ 6Àå 33Àý.) |
|
The sole meaning of life is to serve humanity by con¡©tributing to the
establishment of the kingdom of God, which can only be done by the
recognition and profession of the truth by every man. |
»îÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Àǹ̴ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ È®¸³¿¡
±â¿©ÇÏ¸é¼ Àηù¿¡°Ô ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ°ú °í¹éÇÔ¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
"The kingdom of God cometh not with outward show; neither shall they
say, Lo here! or, Lo there! for behold, the kingdom of God is within
you." (Luke xvii. 20, 21.) |
¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó´Â º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÀÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¿ä;
¶Ç ¿©±â ÀÖ´Ù Àú±â ÀÖ´Ù°íµµ ¸øÇϸ®´Ï Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó´Â
³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´À´Ï¶ó.¡± (´©°¡º¹À½
15Àå 20, 21Àý.) |
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¡¡ |
¡¡ |
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THE END. |
³¡. |
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¡¡
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¡¡
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