¡¡

Jesusi.com Homepage

¡¡

¡¡

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

µÚ·Î ] Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ´ÙÀ½ ]

¡¡
¡¡ ¡¡

¸Ó¸´¸» ] I. ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ× ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ºñÆÇ ] III. ¹Ï´Â ÀÚÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] IV. ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. »î°ú ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¸ð¼ø ] VI. ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ ] VII. º´¿ª Àǹ«ÀÇ Àǹ̠] VIII. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ´çÀ§¼º ] IX. ±âµ¶±³Àû »î ] X. ±âµ¶±³Àΰ¡ ±¹°¡Àΰ¡? ] XI. Æø·ÂÀû Á¦µµÀÇ Á¾¸» ] [ XII. °á·Ð - Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó ] ²Ç½º¶¥½º ¼­¹® ] ¸¶Æ¾ ±×¸°ÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 1. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 2. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 3. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 4. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 5. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 6. ]


¡¡ ¡¡
¡¡ ¡¡

¡°THE KINGDOM OF GOD 
IS WITHIN YOU.¡±

¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ  ³ª¶ó´Â  ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´À´Ï¶ó.¡±


by Leo Tolstoy

¡¡ ¡¡
¡¡ ¡¡
CHAPTER XII.  Á¦ 12 Àå 

CONCLUSION-REPENT YE, FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS AT HAND.

°á·Ð-ȸ°³Ç϶ó, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ °¡±î¿ü´À´Ï¶ó.

1.

Chance Meeting with a Train Carrying Soldiers to Restore Order Among the Famishing Peasants-Reason of the Expedition-How the Decisions of the Higher Authorities are Enforced in Cases of Insub¡©ordination on Part of the Peasants-What Happened at Orel, as an Example of How the Rights of the Propertied Classes are Maintained by Murder and Torture-All the Privileges of the Wealthy are Based on Similar Acts of Violence.

1. ±¾ÁÖ¸®´Â ³óºÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡ Áú¼­¸¦ ȸº¹Çϱâ À§ÇÑ º´»çµéÀ» ÅÂ¿î ±âÂ÷¸¦ ¸¸³ª´Ù-¿øÁ¤ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯-¾î¶»°Ô °íÀ§ ±Ç·ÂµéÀÇ °áÁ¤µéÀÌ ³óºÎµéÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ À־ ºÒº¹Á¾ÀÇ »ç°Çµé¿¡ ÁýÇàµÇ´Â°¡-¿À·¼¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â°¡, À¯»ê °è±ÞÀÇ ±Ç¸®µéÀÌ »ìÀΰú °í¹®À¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ µç´Ù-¸ðµç ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ Æ¯±ÇµéÀº À¯»çÇÑ Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

2.

The Elements that Made up the Force Sent to Toula, and the Con¡©duct of the Men Composing it-How these Men Could Carry Out such Acts-The Explanation is Not to be Found in Ignorance, Conviction, Cruelty, Heartlessness, or Want of Moral Sense-They do these Things Because they are Necessary to Support the Existing Order, which they Consider it Every Man's Duty to Support-The Basis of this Conviction that the Existing Order is Necessary and Inevitable- In the Upper Classes this Conviction is Based on the Advantages of the Existing Order for Themselves-But what Forces Men of the Lower Classes to Believe in the Immutability of the Existing Order, from which they Derive no Advantage, and which they Aid in Main¡©taining, Facts Contrary to their Conscience?-This is the Result of the Lower Classes being Deluded by the Upper, Both as to the Inevi¡©tability of the Existing Order and the Lawfulness of the Acts of Violence Needed to Maintain it-Deception in General-Special Form of Deception in Regard to Military Service-Conscription.

2. Åø¶ó¿¡ ÆÄ°ßµÈ ±º´ë¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿ä¼Òµé, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Åµµµé-ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ±×·± ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡-¹«Áö, È®½Å, ÀÜÀÎÇÔ, ¸ôÀÎÁ¤ÇÔ, ¶Ç´Â µµ´öÀû °¨°¢ÀÇ °á¿©¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù-±×µéÀº ±âÁ¸ Áú¼­¸¦ ¼öÈ£Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù, ±×°ÍÀ» ¼öÈ£ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¦°¢±â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àǹ«¶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù-±âÁ¸ Áú¼­°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ̶ó´Â È®½ÅÀÇ ±âÃÊ-»óÀ§ °è±Þµé¿¡¼­ ÀÌ È®½ÅÀº ±âÁ¸ Áú¼­°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ´Ù-±×·¯³ª ¹«¾ùÀÌ ³¸Àº °è±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±âÁ¸ Áú¼­ÀÇ ºÒº¯¼ºÀ» ¹Ï°Ô °­¿äÇϴ°¡, ±×µéÀº ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÁö ¸øÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀÇ À¯Áö¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ µ½°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡?-À̰ÍÀº »ó·ù °è±Þ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÇÏ·ù °è±ÞÀÌ ±â¸¸´çÇÑ °á°úÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ±âÁ¸ Áú¼­ÀÇ ºÒ°¡ÇǼº°ú ±×°ÍÀ» À¯ÁöÇÔ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ ÇÕ¹ý¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¸¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­´Ù-ÀüüÀûÀÎ ±â¸¸-º´¿ª Àǹ«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±â¸¸-¡º´Á¦.

3.

How can Men Allow that Murder is Permissible while they Preach Principles of Morality, and How can they Allow of the Existence in their Midst of a Military Organization of Physical Force which is a Constant Menace to Public Security?-It is only Allowed by the Upper Classes, who Profit by this Organization, Because their Privi¡©leges are Maintained by it-The Upper Classes Allow it, and the Lower Classes Carry it into Effect in Spite of their Consciousness of the Immorality of the Deeds of Violence, the More Readily Because Through the Arrangements of the Government the Moral Responsi¡©bility for such Deeds is Divided among a Great Number of Partici¡©pants in it, and Everyone Throws the Responsibility on Someone Else-Moreover, the Sense of Moral Responsibility is Lost through the Delusion of Inequality, and the Consequent Intoxication of Power on the Part of Superiors, and Servility on the Part of Inferiors-The Condition of these Men, Acting against the Dictates of their Con¡©science, is Like that of Hypnotized Subjects Acting by Suggestion- The Difference between this Obedience to Government Suggestion, and Obedience to Public Opinion, and to the Guidance of Men of a Higher Moral Sense-The Existing Order of Society, which is the Result of an Extinct Public Opinion and is Inconsistent with the Al¡©ready Existing Public Opinion of the Future, is only Maintained by the Stupefaction of the Conscience, Produced Spontaneously by Self-inter¡©est in the Upper Classes and Through Hypnotizing in the Lower Classes-The Conscience or the Common Sense of such Men may Awaken, and there are Examples of its Sudden Awakening, so that one can Never be Sure of the Deeds of Violence they are Prepared for-It Depends Entirely on the Point which the Sense of the Unlawfulness of Acts of Violence has Reached, and this Sense may Spontaneously Awaken in Men, or may be Reawakened by the Influence of Men of more Conscience.

3. ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µµ´öÀÇ ¿ø¸®µéÀ» ¼³±³Çϰí ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ »ìÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ç¶÷µé ÀÎÁ¤Çϴ°¡, ±×¸®°í °ø°øÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â À§ÇùÀÌ µÇ´Â ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±º´ë Á¶Á÷ÀÇ °¡¿îµ¥¼­ ÀÎÁ¤µÉ ¼ö Àִ°¡?-±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ »ó·ù °è±Þ¿¡¼­ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¸ç, ±×µéÀº ÀÌ Á¶Á÷À¸·Î¼­ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º»´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÇ Æ¯±ÇµéÀº ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-»ó·ù°è±ÞµéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇϰí ÇÏ·ù °è±ÞµéÀº Æø·ÂÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñµµ´ö¼ºÀ» ÀǽÄÇÔ¿¡µµ ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù, ±×°Íµµ ´õ ½±°Ô ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Á¤ºÎÀÇ °èȹµé¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ±× ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹Àº µ¿ÂüÀÚµé°í ³ª´©¾î Áö¸ç, Á¦°¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ´©±¸¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Àü°¡Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-°Ô´Ù°¡, µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓÀÇ °¨°¢Àº ºÒÆòµîÀÇ ±â¸¸À» ÅëÇØ¼­ »ç¶óÁö°í, °á±¹ ¿ì¿ùÇÑ ÀÚÀÇ Æí¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÈûÀÇ Áßµ¶°ú ¿­µîÇÑ ÀÚÀÇ Æí¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±¼Á¾ÀÌ´Ù-ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »óÅ´Â, ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É°ú´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇൿÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¸¶Ä¡ ¾Ï½Ã·Î¼­ ÇൿÇÏ´Â Ãָ鿡 °É¸° ³ë¿¹µéÀÇ ±×°Í°ú °°´Ù-Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¾Ï½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± º¹Á¾°ú, ´õ¿í ³ôÀº µµ´öÀû °¨°¢ÀÇ Áö½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹Á¾ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ-»çȸÀÇ ±âÁ¸ Áú¼­´Â, ¼Ò¸êµÈ ¿©·ÐÀÇ °á°úÀ̸ç, ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¿©·Ð°ú ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾ç½ÉÀ» ¸¶ºñÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÁöÅʵǸç, »ó·ù °è±Þ¿¡¼­´Â À̱âÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ÇÏÀ§ °è±Þ¿¡¼­´Â ÃÖ¸éÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù-±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀ̳ª »ó½ÄÀº °¢¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ °©ÀÛ½º·± °¢¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿¹ºñµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Æø·ÂÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» °áÄÚ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù-±×°ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µé¿¡ À־ Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ ºÒ¹ý¼ºÀÇ Áö°¢ÀÌ µµ´ÞµÈ ÁöÁ¡¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± Áö°¢Àº ÀÚ¿¬½º·¹ »ç¶÷µé ¾È¿¡¼­ °¢¼ºµÇ°Å³ª, ´õ ¾ç½ÉÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Àç °¢¼ºµÈ´Ù.

4. 

Everything Depends on the Strength of the Consciousness of Chris¡©tian Truths in Each Individual Man-The Leading Men of Modern Times, however, do not Think it Necessary to Preach or Practice the Truths of Christianity, but Regard the Modification of the External Conditions of Existence within the Limit Imposed by Governments as Sufficient to Reform the Life of Humanity-On this Scientific Theory of Hypocrisy, which has Replaced the Hypocrisy of Religion, Men of the Wealthy Classes Base their Justification of their Position-Through this Hypocrisy they can Enjoy the Exclusive Privileges of their Posi¡©tion by Force and Fraud, and Still Pretend to be Christians to One Another and be Easy in their Minds-This Hypocrisy Allows Men who Preach Christianity to Take Part in Institutions Based on Vio¡©lence-No External Reformation of Life will Render it Less Miser¡©able-Its Misery the Result of Disunion Caused by Following Lies, not the Truth-Union only Possible in Truth-Hypocrisy Hinders this Union, since Hypocrites Conceal from themselves and Others the Truth they Know-Hypocrisy Turns all Reforms of Life to Evil- Hypocrisy Distorts the Idea of Good and Evil, and so Stands in the Way of the Progress of Men toward Perfection-Undisguised Crimi¡©nals and Malefactors do Less Harm than those who Live by Legalized Violence, Disguised by Hypocrisy-All Men Feel the Iniquity of our Life, and would Long Ago have Transformed it if it had not been Dis¡©simulated by Hypocrisy-But Seem to have Reached the Extreme Limits of Hypocrisy, and we Need only Make an Effort of Conscience to Awaken as from a Nightmare to a Different Reality.

¸ðµç °ÍÀº Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷¿¡ À־ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ Áø¸®µéÀÇ ÀÚ°¢ÀÇ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù-Çö´ëÀÇ ÁöµµÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×·¯³ª, ±âµ¶±³ Áø¸®µéÀÇ Àüµµ³ª ½ÇÇàÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×·¯³ª, ÀηùÀÇ »îÀ» °³ÇõÇϱ⿡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¸¸Å­ÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ºÎ°úµÇ´Â ÇÑ°è ³»¿¡¼­ Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù-ÀÌ·± À§¼±ÀûÀÎ °úÇÐÀûÀÎ À̷п¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, À̰ÍÀº Á¾±³ÀÇ À§¼±À» ´ëüÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­, ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ °èÃþÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§ÀÇ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÌ·± À§¼±À» ÅëÇØ¼­ ±×µéÀº Æø·Â°ú »ç±â·Î¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹èŸÀûÀΠƯ±ÇµéÀ» ´©¸± ¼ö ÀÕ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÎ °Íó·³ Ç༼Çϸç, ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÌ ÆíÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÌ·± À§¼±Àº ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·ÎÇÏ´Â ±â°üµé¿¡ Âü¿©Çϵµ·Ï Çã¶ôÇÑ´Ù-¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ °³Çõµµ ´ú ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù-Áø¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °ÅÁþ¸»À» µû¸§À¸·Î½á ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºÐ¿­ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ºÒÇàÀÌ´Ù-¿¬ÇÕÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®·Î¼­ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù-À§¼±Àº ÀÌ·± ¿¬ÇÕÀ» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé À§¼±ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼û±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-À§¼±Àº ¼±°ú ¾ÇÀÇ °³³äÀ» ¿Ö°î½ÃŰ¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿Ïº®À¸·Î Áøº¸ÇÔ¿¡ À־ °É¸²µ¹ÀÌ µÈ´Ù-À§¼±ÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹üÁËÀÚµé°ú ¾ÇÀεéÀº ÇÕ¹ýÈ­µÈ Æø·Â°ú, À§¼±À¸·Î À§ÀåÇÏ¿© »ç´Â »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ´ú ÇØ·Ó´Ù-¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¾ÇÇÔÀ» ´À³¤´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº À§¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °¡ÀåµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ¿À·¡Àü¿¡ º¯ÇüµÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¯³ª À§¼±ÀÇ ±ØÇÑ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ °Í °°´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾Ç¸ùÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¸¥ Çö½Ç·Î ÀÚ°¢Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù.

5. 

Can Man Make this Effort?-According to the Hypocritical Theory of the Day, Man is not Free to Transform his Life-Man is not Free in his Actions, but he is Free to Admit or to Deny the Truth he Knows-When Truth is Once Admitted, it Becomes the Basis of Action-Man's Threefold Relation to Truth-The Reason of the Ap¡©parent Insolubility of the Problem of Free Will-Man's Freedom Con¡©sists in the Recognition of the Truth Revealed to him. There is no Other Freedom-Recognition of Truth Gives Freedom, and Shows the Path Along which. Willingly or Unwillingly by Mankind, Man Must Advance-The Recognition of Truth and Real Freedom Enables Man to Share in the Work of God, not as the Slave, but as the Creator of Life-Men Need only Make the Effort to Renounce all Thought of Bettering the External Conditions of Life and Bend all their Efforts to Recognizing and Preaching the Truth they Know, to put an End to the Existing Miserable State of Things, and to Enter upon the Kingdom of God so far as it is yet Accessible to Man-All that is Needed is to Make an End of Lying and Hypocrisy-But then what Awaits us in the Future?-What will Happen to Humanity if Men Follow the Dic¡©tates of their Conscience, and how can Life go on with the Conditions of Civilized Life to which we are Accustomed?-All Uneasiness on these Points may be Removed by the Reflection that Nothing True and Good can be Destroyed by the Realization of Truth, but will only be Freed from the Alloy of Falsehood.

5. »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?-½Ã´ëÀÇ À§¼±ÀûÀÎ À̷п¡ µû¸£¸é, »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¯ÇüÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù-»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿµé¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰ųª, °ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÏ´Ü Áø¸®°¡ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Áö¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡µÈ´Ù-ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯-»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¾ø´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁØ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÇÁöµç ºñÀÇÁöµç Àηù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀüÁøÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ±æÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù, ³ë¿¹·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶Àڷμ­- ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç¹°ÀÇ »óŸ¦ ³¡³»·Á¸é, ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡´ÉÇÒ ¶§¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡ µé¾î °¡·Á¸é, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۰íÀÚÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ý°¢À» ¹ö¸®°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇØ¾ßÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀüÆÄÇϴµ¥ ±â¿ïÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù-ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº °ÅÁþ°ú À§¼±À» Áß´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¯¸é ¹Ì·¡¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í Àִ°¡?-»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» µè´Â´Ù¸é Àηù¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ °ÍÀΰ¡, ±×¸®°í »îÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀûÀÀÇØ¿Â ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ »îÀÇ »óȲµé¿¡ Áö¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?-ÀÌ·± Á¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ºÒÆíÇÔÀº Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνĿ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Áø½ÇÇÑ °Í°ú ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÆÄ±«µÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ °ÅÁþ°úÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿Í Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À¸·Î¼­ Á¦°ÅµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

6. 

Our Life has Reached the Extreme Limit of Misery and Cannot be Improved by any Systems of Organization-All our Life and all our Institutions are Quite Meaningless-Are we Doing what God Wills of us by Preserving our Privileges and Duties to Government?-We are put in this Position not Because the World is so Made and it is Inevi¡©table, but Because we Wish it to be so, Because it is to the Advantage of Some of us-Our Conscience is in Opposition to our Position and all our Conduct, and the Way Out of the Contradiction is to be Found in the Recognition of the Christian Truth: Do Not unto Others what you Would Not they should Do unto You-As our Duties to Self Must be Subordinated to our Duties to Others, so Must our Duties to Others be Subordinated to our Duties to God-The Only Way Out of our Position Lies, if not in Renouncing our Position and our Privileges, at Least in Recognizing our Sin and not Justifying it nor Disguising it- The Only Object of Life is to Learn the Truth and to Act on it-Ac¡©ceptance of the Position and of State Action Deprives Life of all Ob¡©ject-It is God's Will that we should Serve Him in our Life, that is, that we should Bring About the Greatest Unity of all that has Life, a Unity only Possible in Truth.

6. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀº ºÒÇàÀÇ ±ØÇÑ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù ±×¸®°í Á¶Á÷À̶ó´Â ü°èµé·Î´Â °³¼±µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç »î°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â°üµéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Ù-Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯±Çµé°ú Àǹ«µéÀ» À¯º¸Çϸ鼭 Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®´Â ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡?-¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·± À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¼¼»óÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¸¸µé¾î Á®¼­ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÔÀ» ¿øÇϰí, ¿ì¸®µé ÁßÀÇ ´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿Í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·± ¸ð¼ø¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ±æÀº ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù: ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇàÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç½Åµµ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó-¿ì¸® Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔ°ú °°ÀÌ, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àǹ«µéµµ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àǹ«µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã³Áö¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±æÀº, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁöÀ§µé°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Æ¯±ÇµéÀ» Æ÷±âÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, Àû¾îµµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á˸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ ÇÏÁöµµ ¼û±â·Á ÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ½¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù-»îÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀº Áø¸®¸¦ ¹è¿ì°í ±×°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-ÁöÀ§¿Í ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓÀº »îÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸ñÀûÀ» »©¾Ñ±â°Ô µÈ´Ù-¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î ¾È¿¡¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¼¶±â´Â °ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù, Áï, ¿ì¸®´Â »ý¸íÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÇ °¡Àå Å« È­ÇÕ, Áï, ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡¼­ °¡´ÉÇÑ È­ÇÕÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

6. 

Nowadays, after so many centuries of fruitless efforts to make our life secure by the pagan organization of life, it must be evident to everyone that all efforts in that direction only introduce fresh dangers into personal and social life, and do not render it more secure in any way.

À̱³ÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á´Â ¼ö ¹é³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ÇêµÈ ³ë·Â ³¡ÀÇ ¿À´Ã³¯, ±×·± ¹æÇâÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ °³ÀÎ ¹× »çȸÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ »õ·Î¿î À§ÇèµéÀ» ´øÁ®ÁÖ¸ç, ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµç ´õ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸í¹éÇØÁ³´Ù.

Whatever names we dignify ourselves with, whatever uni¡©forms we wear, whatever priests we anoint ourselves before, however many millions we possess, however many guards are stationed along our road, however many police¡©men guard our wealth, however many so-called criminals, revolutionists, and anarchists we punish, whatever exploits we have performed, whatever states we may have founded, fortresses and towers we may have erected-from Babel to the Eiffel Tower-there are two inevitable conditions of life, confronting all of us, which destroy its whole meaning;

¿ì¸®°¡ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¾î¶² ¸íĪÀ¸·Î À§¾ö½º·´°Ô ÇÏ·ÁÇϵç, ¾î¶² Á¦º¹À» ÀÔµç, ¾î¶² »çÁ¦µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ±â¸§ºÎ¾î ÁÖµç, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¼ö¹é¸¸À» ¼ÒÀ¯Çϵç, ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡´Â ±æ¿¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹Àº °æÈÄ¿øµéÀÌ ÁøÀ» Ä¡µç, ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾ÊÀº °æÂû°üÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÎ¸¦ °æºñÇϵç, ¼ÒÀ§ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹Àº ¹üÁËÀÚµé, Çõ¸í°¡µé, ±×¸®°í ¹«Á¤ºÎÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ ó¹úÇϵç, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ¾÷ÀûÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏ¿´µç, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ±¹°¡µéÀ» ¼¼¿üÀ¸¸ç, ¿ä»õµé°ú ¼ºµéÀ» ¼¼¿üÀ» Áö¶óµµ-¹Ùº§¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ¿¡Æç ž±îÁö-¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ Á÷¸éÇØ ÀÖ´Â, ±× Àüü Àǹ̸¦ »ó¼âÇÏ´Â µÎ °¡Áö ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â »îÀÇ »óŵéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù;

(1) death, which may at any moment pounce upon each of us; and (2) the transitoriness of all our works, which so soon pass away and leave no trace. Whatever we may do- found companies, build palaces and monuments, write songs and poems-it is all not for long time. Soon it passes away, leaving no trace. And therefore, however we may conceal it from ourselves, we cannot help seeing that the significance of our life cannot lie in our personal fleshly existence, the prey of incurable suffering and inevitable death, nor in any social institution or organization. Who¡©ever you may be who are reading these lines, think of your position and of your duties-not of your position as land¡©owner, merchant, judge, emperor, president, minister, priest, soldier, which has been temporarily allotted you by men, and not of the imaginary duties laid on you by those positions, but of your real positions in eternity as a creature who at the will of Someone has been called out of uncon¡©sciousness after an eternity of non-existence to which you may return at any moment at his will. Think of your duties-not your supposed duties as a landowner to your estate, as a merchant to your business, as emperor, minis¡©ter, or official to the state, but of your real duties, the duties that follow from your real position as a being called into life and endowed with reason and love.

(1) Á×À½, À̰ÍÀº ¾î´À ¼ø°£¿¡¶óµµ ¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚÀÇ À§¿¡ µ¤Ä¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í (2) ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾÷ÀûµéÀÇ µ¡¾øÀ½, À̰͵éÀº ³Ê¹«³ª »¡¸® »ç¶óÁö°í ¾Æ¹«·± ÈçÀûµµ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇàÇϵçÁö-ȸ»ç¸¦ ¼³¸³Çϰí, ±ÃÀüµé°ú ±â³äºñµéÀ» ¼¼¿ì¸ç, ³ë·¡µé°ú ½ÃµéÀ» ¾²µçÁö °£¿¡-±× ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¿À·¡°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. °ð ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶óÁö°í, ¾Æ¹«·± ÈçÀûµµ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Æ¹«¸® Àڽŵ鿡°Ô¼­ ¼û±â·Á ÇØµµ, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ Àǹ̴ °³ÀÎÀû À°Ã¼Àû Á¸Àç, Áï Ä¡À¯ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °íÅë°ú ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á×À½ÀÇ Àç¹°À̳ª, ¾î¶² »çȸÀû ±â±¸³ª Á¶Á÷¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ±ú´ÝÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ±Û ÁÙµéÀ» Àаí ÀÖ´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´©±¸µç °£¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿Í Àǹ«µéÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó-ÁöÁÖ, »óÀÎ, ¹ý°ü, ȲÁ¦, ´ëÅë·É, Àå°ü, »çÁ¦, º´»ç·Î¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àӽ÷Π´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇÒ´çÇØÁØ À§Ä¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µé ÁöÀ§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ºÎ°úµÈ °¡»óÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î´À ¼ø°£¿¡¶óµµ ±× ºÐÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ µû¶ó µ¹¾Æ°¥ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½ µÚ¿¡ ¹«ÀǽÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±× ºÐÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ºÒ·Á ³ª¿Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°·Î¼­, ¿µ¿ø¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÁöÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó. ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àǹ«µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó-¼ÒÀ§ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÅäÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÁַμ­ÀÇ Àǹ«, ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »óÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ Àǹ«, ȲÁ¦, Àå°ü, ¶Ç´Â °ü¸®ÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ«µé, »îÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸§ ¹Þ°í À̼º°ú »ç¶ûÀ» ºÎ¿© ¹ÞÀº Á¸Àç·Î¼­ÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÁöÀ§¿¡ µû¸£´Â Àǹ«µéÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó.

Are you doing what he demands of you who has sent you into the world, and to whom you will soon return? Are you doing what he wills? Are you doing his will, when as landowner or manufacturer you rob the poor of the fruits of their toil, basing your life on this plunder of the workers, or when, as judge or governor, you ill treat men, sentence them to execution, or when as soldiers you prepare for war, kill and plunder?

´ç½ÅÀ» ¼¼»ó¿¡ º¸³»¾ú°í, °ð µ¹¾Æ °¡¾ß ÇÒ ±× ºÐÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç½ÅÀº ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡? ´ç½ÅÀº ±×ºÐÀÌ ¶æÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡? ÁöÁÖ³ª Á¦Á¶¾÷Àڷμ­ ´ç½ÅÀÌ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ¿­¸ÅµéÀ» °­Å»Çϰí, ´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÔ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ¶Ç´Â ¹ý°üÀ̳ª Ãѵ¶À¸·Î¼­, »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇдëÇϰí, ±×µé¿¡°Ô »çÇü¼±°í¸¦ ³»¸± ¶§, ¶Ç´Â º´»ç·Î¼­ ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í »ìÀÎÇÏ¸ç ¾àÅ»ÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀº ±×ÀÇ ¶æÀ» ÇàÇϰí Àִ°¡?

You will say that the world is so made that this is inevi¡©table, and that you do not do this of your own free will, but because you are forced to do so. But can it be that you have such a strong aversion to men's sufferings, ill treat¡©ment, and murder, that you have such an intense need of love and co-operation with your fellows that you see clearly that only by the recognition of the equality of all, and by mutual services, can the greatest possible happiness be real¡©ized; that your head and your heart, the faith you profess, and even science itself tell you the same thing, and yet that in spite of it all you can be forced by some confused and complicated reasoning to act in direct opposition to all this; that as landowner or capitalist you are bound to base your whole life on the oppression of the people; that as emperor or president you are to command armies, that is, to be the , head and commander of murderers; or that as government official you are forced to take from the poor their last pence for rich men to profit and share them among themselves; or that as judge or juryman you could be forced to sentence erring men to ill treatment and death because the truth was not revealed to them, or above all, for that is the basis of all the evil, that you could be forced to become a soldier, and renouncing your free will and your human sentiments, could undertake to kill anyone at the command of other men?

´ç½ÅÀº ¼¼»óÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¸¸µé¾î Á³À¸¹Ç·Î À̰ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇϸç, ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö·Î À̰ÍÀ» ÇàÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇϵµ·Ï °­¿ä ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °íÅë, Çдë, ±×¸®°í »ìÀο¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×·¸°Ô °­ÇÑ Çø¿À¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ç½ÅÀÇ µ¿·áµé¿¡°Ô »ç¶û°ú Çù·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×Åä·Ï °­·ÄÇÑ ¿å±¸¸¦ °¡Á®¼­, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ Æòµî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνĿ¡¼­, ±×¸®°í »óÈ£ ºÀ»ç¿¡¼­, °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå Å« ÇູÀÌ ½ÇÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡; ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿Í °¡½¿, ´ç½ÅÀÌ °í¹éÇÏ´Â ½Å¾Ó, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î °úÇÐ ÀÚü°¡ ¶È °°Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØ ÁÖÁö¸¸, ±× ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¾î¶² È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ì¸ç º¹ÀâÇÑ Ã߷п¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© ÇàÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç; ÁöÁÖ³ª ÀÚº»°¡·Î¼­ ´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àüü »îÀ» »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇÔ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ Çϰí; ȲÁ¦³ª ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼­ ´ç½ÅÀº ±º´ë¸¦ È£·ÉÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ Çϸç, Áï, »ìÀÎÀÚµéÀÇ ¼ö¹ÝÀ̸ç ÁöÈÖÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß Çϰí; ¶Ç´Â Á¤ºÎ °ü¸®·Î¼­ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ÇÑǬÀÌ¶óµµ ºÎÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸°í ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ ³ª´©µµ·Ï »©¾Ñ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çϰųª; ¶Ç´Â ¹ý°üÀ̳ª ¹è½É¿øÀ¸·Î¼­ Áø¸®°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¸À¸·Î °ú¿À¸¦ ÀúÁö¸¦ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¡È¤ÇÑ ´ë¿ì³ª »çÇü¿¡ ¼±°íÇϰųª, ¶Ç´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀÇ ±Ù°Å¶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î, ´ç½ÅÀÌ º´»ç°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ Çϰí, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö¿Í ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ´©±¸¶óµµ Á×ÀÌ´Â ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ´ÙÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?

It cannot be.

±×·² ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

Even if you are told that all this is necessary for the maintenance of the existing order of things, and that this social order with its pauperism, famines, prisons, gallows, armies, and wars is necessary to society; that still greater disasters would ensue if this organization were destroyed; all that is said only by those who profit by this organiza¡©tion, while those who suffer from it-and they are ten times as numerous-think and say quite the contrary. And at the bottom of your heart you know yourself that it is not true, that the existing organization has outlived its time, and must inevitably be reconstructed on new principles, and that consequently there is no obligation upon you to sacrifice your sentiments of humanity to support it.

ºñ·Ï ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ±âÁ¸ ¼¼»ó Áú¼­¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í, ±×¸®°í ºó°ï, ±â±Ù, °¨¿Á, ±³¼ö´ë, ±º´ë, ±×¸®°í ÀüÀï µéÀ» ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·± »çȸ Áú¼­°¡ »çȸ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í µé¾úÀ» Áö¶óµµ; ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷ÀÌ ÆÄ±«µÈ´Ù¸é ÈξÀ Å« Àç¾ÓµéÀÌ µû¸¦ °ÍÀ̸ç; ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ °íÅë ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº-±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ¿­ ¹è³ª ¸¹´Ù- Á¤ ¹Ý´ë·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡½¿ ±íÀº °÷¿¡¼­, ±×°ÍÀÌ Áø½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±âÁ¸ Á¶Á÷Àº ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ýµå½Ã »õ·Î¿î ¿ø¸®µé À§¿¡ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Àç °Ç¼³µÇ¾î Á®¾ß Çϰí, °á±¹ ±× Á¶Á÷À» Áö¿øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Àηù¾ÖÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ«°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Above all, even if you allow that this organization is necessary, why do you believe it to be your duty to maintain it at the cost of your best feelings? Who has made you the nurse in charge of this sick and moribund organization? Not society nor the state nor anyone; no one has asked you to undertake this; you who fill your position of landowner, merchant, tzar, priest, or soldier know very well that you occupy that position by no means with the unselfish aim of maintaining the organization of life necessary to men's happiness, but simply in your own interests, to satisfy your own covetousness or vanity or ambition or indolence or cowardice. If you did not desire that position, you would not be doing your utmost to retain it. Try the ex¡©periment of ceasing to commit the cruel, treacherous, and base actions that you are constantly committing in order to retain your position, and you will lose it at once. Try the simple experiment, as a government official, of giving up lying, and refusing to take a part in executions and acts of violence; as a priest, of giving up deception; as a soldier, of giving up murder; as landowner or manufacturer, of giv¡©ing up defending your property by fraud and force; and you will at once lose the position which you pretend is forced upon you, and which seems burdensome to you.

¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, ºñ·Ï ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °¨Á¤µéÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ°í¼­¶óµµ ±×°ÍÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àǹ«¶ó°í ¹Ï´Â°¡? ´©°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» ÀÌ·± º´µé¾î¼­ Á׾´Â Á¶Á÷À» Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â °£È£¿øÀ¸·Î ÀÓ¸íÇߴ°¡? »çȸµµ, ±¹°¡µµ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; ¾Æ¹«µµ ´ç½ÅÀÌ À̰ÍÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁö¶ó°í ¿äûÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù; ÁöÁÖ, »óÀÎ, ȲÁ¦, »çÁ¦, ¶Ç´Â º´»çÀÇ Á÷À§¸¦ ä¿ì´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±× Á÷À§¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ê¹« Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷À» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÌŸÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀº °áÄÚ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀ͵é·Î¼­, ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Å½¿å, Ç㿵, ¾ß¿å, ³ªÅÂÇÔ, ºñ°ÌÇÔÀ» ¸¸Á·½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±× ÁöÀ§¸¦ ¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» º¸À¯Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ º¸À¯ÇÏ·Á°í ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÀúÁö¸£´Â ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°í ¹è¹ÝÀûÀ̸ç, ºñõÇÑ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¹üÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁßÁöÇÏ´Â ½ÇÇèÀ» ½ÃµµÇغ¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ´çÀå¿¡ ÀÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ºÎÀÇ °ü¸®·Î¼­, °ÅÁþ¸»À» Æ÷±âÇϰí, ±×¸®°í óÇüµé, Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇØº¸¶ó; ¼ºÁ÷Àڷμ­ ±â¸¸À» Æ÷±âÇϰí; º´»ç·Î¼­, »ìÀÎÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí; ÁöÁÖ³ª Á¦Á¶¾÷Àڷμ­ »ç±â¿Í Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àç»êÀ» Áö۱⸦ Æ÷±âÇØº¸¶ó; ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ´çÀå¿¡ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô °­¿äµÈ üÇϸç, ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÁüÀÌ µÇ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â ±× ÁöÀ§¸¦ ÀÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

A man cannot be placed against his will in a situation opposed to his conscience.

»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ¾î±ß³ª´Â »óȲ¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾î ¼­ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

If you find yourself in such a position it is not because it is necessary to anyone whatever, but simply because you wish it. And therefore knowing that your position is re¡©pugnant to your heart and your head, and to your faith, and even to the science in which you believe, you cannot help reflecting upon the question whether in retaining it, and above all trying to justify it, you are doing what you ought to do.

¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¾î´À ´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¿øÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§°¡ ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡½¿°ú ¸Ó¸®¿¡, ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹Ï´Â °úÇп¡ Àû´ëÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ½À¸·Î½á, ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×°ÍÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ ÇÔ¿¡¼­, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ®À» »ý°¢ÇØ º¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

You might risk making a mistake if you had time to see and retrieve your fault, and if you ran the risk for some¡©thing of some value. But when you know beyond all doubt that you may disappear any minute, without the least possi¡©bility either for yourself or those you draw after you into your error, of retrieving the mistake, when you know that whatever you may do in the external organization of life it will all disappear as quickly and surely as you will yourself, and will leave no trace behind, it is clear that you have no reasonable ground for running the risk of such a fearful mistake.

¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ À߸øÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ¸¸È¸ÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² °¡Ä¡¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» À§ÇØ À§ÇèÀ» °¨¼öÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Â ¸ðÇèÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀ̳ª ´ç½ÅÀ» ¿À·ù·Î ²ø°í °¡´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô³ª À߸øÀ» ¸¸È¸ÇÒ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾øÀÌ, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ºÒ½Ã¿¡ »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¶§, ±×¸®°í »îÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇϵçÁö ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´ç½Å ÀڽŸ¸Å­ »¡¸® ±×¸®°í È®½ÇÈ÷ »ç¶óÁö°í, µÚ¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± ÈçÀûÀ» ³²±âÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¶§, ´ç½ÅÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹«¼­¿î À߸ø¿¡ ¸ðÇèÀ» °É ¾Æ¹«·± ÇÕ´çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °®Áö ¸øÇÔÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù.

It would be perfectly simple and clear if you did not by your hypocrisy disguise the truth which has so unmistakably been revealed to us.

¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ±×Åä·Ï ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ´ç½ÅÀÇ À§¼±À¸·Î À§ÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ´Ü¼øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Share all that you have with others, do not heap up riches, do not steal, do not cause suffering, do not kill, do not unto others what you would not they should do unto you, all that has been said not eighteen hundred, but five thousand years ago, and there could be no doubt of the truth of this law if it were not for hypocrisy. Except for hypoc¡©risy men could not have failed, if not to put the law in prac¡©tice, at least to recognize it, and admit that it is wrong not to put it in practice.

´ç½ÅÀÌ °¡Áø ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ³ª´©¶ó, Àç¹°À» ½×¾Æ µÎÁö ¸»¶ó, µµµÏÁú ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, °íÅëÀ» ÁÖÁö ¸»¶ó, »ìÀÎÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ±×µéÀÌ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ´ç½Åµµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº 1800³â ÀüÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 5000³â Àü¿¡ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í À§¼±ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é, ÀÌ À²¹ýÀÇ Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇȤÀ» ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À§¼±ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, »ç¶÷µéÀº, À²¹ýÀ» ½ÇÇà¿¡ ¿Å±èÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ, Àû¾îµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇϰí, ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇà¿¡ ¿Å±â±â ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº À߸øÀ̶õ °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

But you will say that there is the public good to be con¡©sidered, and that on that account one must not and ought not to conform to these principles; for the public good one may commit acts of violence and murder. It is better for one man to die than that the whole people perish, you will say like Caiaphas, and you sign the sentence of death of one man, of a second, and a third; you load your gun against this man who is to perish for the public good, you imprison him, you take his possessions. You say that you commit these acts of cruelty because you are a part of the society and of the state; that it is your duty to serve them, and as landowner, judge, emperor, or soldier to conform to their laws. But besides belonging to the state and having duties created by that position, you belong also to eternity and to God, who also lays duties upon you. And just as your duties to your family and to society are subordinate to your superior duties to the state, in the same way the latter must necessarily be subordinated to the duties dictated to you by the eternal life and by God. And just as it would be senseless to pull up the telegraph posts for fuel for a family or society and thus to increase its welfare at the expense of public interests, in the same way it is senseless to do violence, to execute, and to murder to increase the welfare of the nation, because that is at the expense of the interests of humanity.

±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, Áï, °í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ø°øÀÇ ¼±ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î¼­ ÀÌ·± ¿ø¸®µéÀ» µû¸£¸é ¾ÈµÇ¸ç, ´ç¿¬È÷ µû¸£Áö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, °ø°øÀÇ ¼±À» À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®´Â Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µé°ú »ìÀÎÀ» ÀúÁú·¯¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Àüü »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ´À´Ï ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á×´Â °ÍÀÌ ³´´Ù, ´ç½ÅÀº °¡¾ß¹Ùó·³ ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ÇÑ »ç¶÷, ´ÙÀ½ »ç¶÷, ¼¼ ¹øÂ° »ç¶÷ÀÇ »çÇü ¼±°í¿¡ ¼­¸íÀ» ÇÑ´Ù; ´ç½ÅÀº °ø°øÀÇ ¼±À» À§Çؼ­ Á×¾î¾ß ÇÒ ÀÌ »ç¶÷À» ÇâÇØ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÃÑÀ» ÀåÀüÇϰí, ±×¸¦ Åõ¿ÁÇϸç, ±×ÀÇ Àç»êÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ »çȸ¿Í ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·± ÀÜÇÐ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÀúÁö¸¥´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù; ±×°Íµé¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¸®°í ÁöÁÖ, ¹ý°ü, ȲÁ¦, ¶Ç´Â º´»ç·Î¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¹ý·üÀ» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ Àǹ«¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¹°¡¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ°í ±×·± ÁöÀ§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¸¸µé¾î Áö´Â Àǹ«µéÀ» °¡Áú »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ´ç½ÅÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿µ¿øÇÔ°ú Çϳª´Ô²² ¼ÓÇØÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Çϳª´Ô ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Àǹ«µéÀ» ³»¸°´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·°ú »çȸ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ«µéÀÌ ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »óÀ§ÀÇ Àǹ«µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ´Â °Íó·³, ¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÈÄÀÚ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î°ú Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Áö½ÃµÈ Àǹ«µé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀüÁÖ¸¦ »Ì¾Æ¼­ °¡Á·À̳ª »çȸÀÇ ¿¬·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¸ç ±×·¡¼­ °øÀÍÀ» Èñ»ýÇϸ鼭 ±× º¹Áö¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ´ÀÌ ¹«Áö¸·ÁöÇÑ °Íó·³, ¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î, ±¹°¡ÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ Çâ»ó½Ã۱â À§ÇÏ¿© Æø·ÂÀ» ÇàÇϰí, óÇüÇϸç, »ìÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«Áö¸·ÁöÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ±×°ÍÀº ÀηùÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» Èñ»ýÇÔÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

Your duties as a citizen cannot but be subordinated to the superior obligations of the eternal life of God, and can¡©not be in opposition to them. As Christ's disciples said eighteen centuries ago: "Whether it be right in the sight of God to hearken unto you more than unto God, judge ye" (Acts iv. 19); and, "We ought to obey God rather than men" (Acts v. 29).

´ç½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µ»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¿ùÇÑ ¸í·Éµé¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°Íµé¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. 1800³â Àü¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦Àڵ鵵 ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡°Çϳª´Ô ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ³ÊÈñ ¸» µè´Â °ÍÀÌ Çϳª´Ô ¸»¾¸ µè´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¿ÇÀº°¡ ÆÇ´ÜÇ϶ó.¡±(»çµµÇàÀü 4Àå 19Àý); ±×¸®°í, ¡°»ç¶÷º¸´Ù Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶¶¥Çϴ϶ó.¡± (»çµµÇàÀü 5Àå 29Àý).

It is asserted that, in order that the unstable order of things, established in one corner of the world for a few men, may not be destroyed, you ought to commit acts of violence which destroy the eternal and immutable order established by God and by reason. Can that possibly be?

¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¼¼»óÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸¼®¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁø, ºÒ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Ã¼Á¦ÀÇ Áú¼­°¡ ÆÄ±«µÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§Çؼ­, ´ç½ÅÀº Çϳª´Ô°ú À̼º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¼¼¿öÁø ¿µ¿øÇÏ¸ç ºÒº¯ÀÇ Áú¼­¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÀúÁú·¯¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼³¸¶ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÏÀΰ¡?

And therefore you cannot but reflect on your position as landowner, manufacturer, judge, emperor, president, minis¡©ter, priest, and soldier, which is bound up with violence, deception, and murder, and recognize its unlawfulness.

±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÁöÁÖ, Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ, ¹ý°ü, ȲÁ¦, ´ëÅë·É, Àå°ü, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ, ±×¸®°í º´»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ó°íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø°í, ±×°ÍÀº Æø·Â, ±â¸¸, ±×¸®°í »ìÀÎÀ¸·Î Á¡Ã¶µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀÇ ºÒ¹ý¼ºÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

I do not say that if you are a landowner you are bound to give up your lands immediately to the poor; if a capital¡©ist or manufacturer, your money to your workpeople; or that if you are Tzar, minister, official, judge, or general, you are bound to renounce immediately the advantages of your position; or if a soldier, on whom all the system of violence is based, to refuse immediately to obey in spite of all the dangers of insubordination.

³ª´Â ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÁöÁÖ¶ó¸é Áï½Ã ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÅäÁöµéÀ» °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾çµµÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÚº»°¡³ª Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ¶ó¸é, ´ç½ÅÀÇ µ·À» ´ç½ÅÀÇ ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô; ¶Ç´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ È²Á¦, Àå°ü, °ü¸®, ¹ý°ü, ¶Ç´Â À屺À̶ó¸é, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§ÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡µéÀ» Áï°¢ Æ÷±âÇØ¾ß ÇѴٰųª; ¶Ç´Â ¸ðµç Æø·Â üÁ¦°¡ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ´Â º´»ç¶ó¸é, ºÒº¹Á¾¿¡ µû¸¥ ¸ðµç À§Çèµé¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î º¹Á¾Çϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇ϶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

If you do so, you will be doing the best thing possible. But it may happen, and it is most likely, that you will not have the strength to do so. You have relations, a family, subordinates and superiors; you are under an influence so powerful that you cannot shake it off; but you can always recognize the truth and refuse to tell a lie about it. You need not declare that you are remaining a landowner, manu¡©facturer, merchant, artist, or writer because it is useful to mankind; that you are governor, prosecutor, or tzar, not because it is agreeable to you, because you are used to it, but for the public good; that you continue to be a soldier, not from fear of punishment, but because you consider the army necessary to society. You can always avoid lying in this way to yourself and to others, and you ought to do so; because the one aim of your life ought to be to purify your¡©self from falsehood and to confess the truth. And you need only do that and your situation will change directly of itself.

¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÒ ÈûÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» Áöµµ, ±×·² °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Â£À»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ģôµé, °¡Á·, ºÎÇϵé, »ó»çµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù; ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª °­·ÂÇÑ ¿µÇ⠾Ʒ¡¿¡ À־ ±×°ÍÀ» ¶³ÃĹö¸± ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÅÁþ¸»À» ÇÒ °ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àηù¿¡°Ô À¯¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÁöÁÖ, Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ, »óÀÎ, ¿¹¼ú°¡, ¶Ç´Â ÀÛ°¡·Î ÀÖ°Ú´Ù°í ¾ð¸íÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù; ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÀûÇÕÇϰí, Àͼ÷Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °ø°øÀÇ ¼±À» À§Çؼ­, Ãѵ¶, °Ë»ç, ¶Ç´Â ȲÁ¦¶ó°í ÇØ¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù; ´ç½ÅÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ º´»çÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ó¹úÀÌ µÎ·Á¿ö¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±º´ë°¡ »çȸ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àڽſ¡°Ô³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °ÅÁþ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ ÇѰ¡Áö ¸ñÀûÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀ» °ÅÁþÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±ú²ýÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, Áø¸®¸¦ °í¹éÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°Í¸¸À» ÇàÇÏ¸é µÇ°í, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ »óȲÀº Á÷Á¢ ÀúÀý·Î º¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

There is one thing, and only one thing, in which it is granted to you to be free in life, all else being beyond your power: that is to recognize and profess the truth.

ÇÑ °¡Áö, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ±×°Í ¾È¿¡¼­ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿òÀÌ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Çã¶ôµÇ¸ç, ±× ¿Ü¿¡ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ ±ÇÇÑ ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í °í¹éÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

And yet simply from the fact that other men as misguided and as pitiful creatures as yourself have made you soldier, tzar, landowner, capitalist, priest, or general, you under¡©take to commit acts of violence obviously opposed to your reason and your heart, to base your existence on the misfor¡©tunes of others, and above all, instead of filling the one duty of your life, recognizing and professing the truth, you feign not to recognize it and disguise it from yourself and others.

±×¸®°í ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´Ü¼øÈ÷, ´ç½Åó·³ À߸ø ÀεµµÇ°í °¡·ÃÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» º´»ç, ȲÁ¦, ÁöÁÖ, ÀÚº»°¡, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ, ¶Ç´Â À屺À¸·Î ÀÓ¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â »ç½Ç·ÎºÎÅÍ, ´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ À̼º°ú ¸¶À½¿¡ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â Æø·Â ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÀúÁö¸¦ Àǹ«¸¦ Áö¸ç, ´ç½ÅÀÇ Á¸À縦 ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ºÒÇàÀ§¿¡ µÎ¸ç, ±×¸®°í, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, ´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ ÇѰ¡Áö Àǹ«¸¦ ´ÙÇϰí Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í °í¹éÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã´Çϸç, ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» ¼û±ä´Ù.

And what are the conditions in which you are doing this? You who may die any instant, you sign sentences of death, you declare war, you take part in it, you judge, you punish, you plunder the working people, you live luxuriously in the midst of the poor, and teach weak men who have confidence in you that this must be so, that the duty of men is to do this, and yet it may happen at the moment when you are acting thus that a bacterium or a bull may attack you and you will fall and die, losing forever the chance of repairing the harm you have done to others, and above all to yourself, in uselessly wasting a life which has been given you only once in eternity, without having accomplished the only thing you ought to have done.

±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Â »óŵéÀº ¾î¶°ÇѰ¡? ¾ðÁ¦ Á×À»Áö ¸ð¸£´Â ´ç½ÅÀº, ´ç½ÅÀº »çÇü ¼±°í¿¡ ¼­¸íÇϰí, ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±Æ÷Çϸç, ±×°Í¿¡ Âü°¡Çϸç, ´ç½ÅÀº ÆÇ°áÀ» ³»¸®°í, ´ç½ÅÀº ó¹úÇÑ´Ù, ´ç½ÅÀº ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÑ´Ù, ´ç½ÅÀº °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé °¡¿îµ¥¼­ ȣȭ½º·´°Ô »ê´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ½Å·Ú¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¿¬¾àÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä¡Áö¸¸, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇൿÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¼ø°£¿¡ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ³ª Ȳ¼Ò°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» °ø°ÝÇÏ¿© ³Ñ¾îÁö°í Á×´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁúÁöµµ ¸ð¸£¸ç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇØ¼­ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³¢Ä£ ÇØ¾ÇÀ» µÇµ¹¸± ±âȸÁ¶Â÷ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®°í, ¿µ¿ø¿¡¼­ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ¹ø¸¸ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø »îÀ» ¹«ÀÍÇÏ°Ô ÇãºñÇÑ °á°ú·Î ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇß¾î¾ß ¶ö À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

However commonplace and out of date it may seem to us, however confused we may be by hypocrisy and by the hypnotic suggestion which results from it, nothing can destroy the certainty of this simple and clearly defined truth. No external conditions can guarantee our life, which is attended with inevitable sufferings and infallibly terminated by death, and which consequently can have no significance except in the constant accomplishment of what is demanded by the Power which has placed us in life with a sole certain guide-the rational conscience.

±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«¸® ÁøºÎÇÏ°í ½Ã´ë¿¡ µÚ¶³¾îÁ® º¸ÀÌ´õ¶óµµ, ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â À§¼±°ú ÃÖ¸éÀûÀÎ ¾Ï½Ã¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁö´õ¶óµµ, ±× ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÀÌ·± ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÀÇµÈ Áø¸®ÀÇ È®½Ç¼ºÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¾î¶² ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Á¶°Çµéµµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» º¸ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, »îÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °íÅëµéÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇϸç, ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ Á×À½À¸·Î Á¾¸»À» ¸ÂÀÌÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀº °á±¹ ¿ì¸®¸¦ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô È®½ÇÇÑ Áöħ-À̼ºÀûÀÎ ¾ç½É-À¸·Î¼­ »îÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á´Ù ³õÀº ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ ¼ºÃëÇÔ ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

That is why that Power cannot require of us what is irra¡©tional and impossible: the organization of our temporary external life, the life of society or of the state. That Power demands of us only what is reasonable, certain, and possi¡©ble: to serve the kingdom of God, that is, to contribute to the establishment of the greatest possible union between all living beings-a union possible only in the truth; and to recognize and to profess the revealed truth, which is always in our power.

±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÌ¸ç ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °Í- ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷, »çȸÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ »î-À» ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô¼­ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù. ±× ±Ç´ÉÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ÀÁ÷ À̼ºÀûÀ̸ç, È®½ÇÇϸç, °¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù: Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹À» ¼¶±â¸ç, Áï, ¸ðµç »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â Á¸ÀçµéÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ È­ÇÕÀÇ È®¸³¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â °Í-¿ÀÁ÷ Áø½Ç ¾È¿¡¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÑ È­ÇÕ; ±×¸®°í ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í °í¹éÇÏ´Â °Í, ±×°ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±Ç´É ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

"But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteous¡©ness, and all these things shall be added unto you." (Matt. vi. 33.)

¡°±×·¯³ª ³ÊÈñ´Â ¸ÕÀú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹°ú ±×ÀÇ ÀǸ¦ ±¸Ç϶ó ±×¸®Çϸé ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ´õÇϽø®¶ó.¡± (¸¶Åº¹À½ 6Àå 33Àý.)

The sole meaning of life is to serve humanity by con¡©tributing to the establishment of the kingdom of God, which can only be done by the recognition and profession of the truth by every man.

»îÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Àǹ̴ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÇ È®¸³¿¡ ±â¿©Çϸ鼭 Àηù¿¡°Ô ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ°ú °í¹éÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

"The kingdom of God cometh not with outward show; neither shall they say, Lo here! or, Lo there! for behold, the kingdom of God is within you." (Luke xvii. 20, 21.)

¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó´Â º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÀÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¿ä; ¶Ç ¿©±â ÀÖ´Ù Àú±â ÀÖ´Ù°íµµ ¸øÇϸ®´Ï Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó´Â ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´À´Ï¶ó.¡± (´©°¡º¹À½ 15Àå 20, 21Àý.)

¡¡ ¡¡

THE END.

³¡.

¡¡ ¡¡
¡¡ ¡¡

ȸ°³Ç϶ó 1. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 2. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 3. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 4. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 5. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 6. ]


Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¸Ó¸´¸» ] I. ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ× ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ºñÆÇ ] III. ¹Ï´Â ÀÚÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] IV. ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. »î°ú ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¸ð¼ø ] VI. ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ ] VII. º´¿ª Àǹ«ÀÇ Àǹ̠] VIII. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ´çÀ§¼º ] IX. ±âµ¶±³Àû »î ] X. ±âµ¶±³Àΰ¡ ±¹°¡Àΰ¡? ] XI. Æø·ÂÀû Á¦µµÀÇ Á¾¸» ] [ XII. °á·Ð - Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó ] ²Ç½º¶¥½º ¼­¹® ] ¸¶Æ¾ ±×¸°ÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


¡¡ ¡¡
¡¡
¡¡

 °Ô½ÃÆÇ  °Ë»ö  ÀÚ·á½Ç  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê  ¿¹¼ö¿Í³ª?

µÚ·Î ] Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ´ÙÀ½ ]

¡¡
¡¡

Jesusi.com Homepage



This page was last modified 2002/01/01

¡¡