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| CHAPTER VI. |
Á¦
6
Àå
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ATTITUDE OF MEN OF THE PRESENT DAY TO WAR. |
ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿À´Ã³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
ÀÚ¼¼ |
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People do not Try to Remove the Contradiction between Life and Con¡©science
by a Change of Life, but their Cultivated Leaders Exert Every Effort to
Obscure the Demands of Conscience, and Justify their Life; in this Way
they Degrade Society below Paganism to a State of Prime¡©val
Barbarism-Undefined Attitude of Modern Leaders of Thought to War, to
Universal Militarism, and to Compulsory Service in Army- One Section
Regards War as an Accidental Political Phenomenon, to be Avoided by
External Measures only-Peace Congress-The Article in the Revue des
Revues-Proposition of Maxime du Camp- Value of Boards of Arbitration
and Suppression of Armies-Attitude of Governments to Men of this Opinion
and What they Do-Another Section Regards War as Cruel, but
Inevitable-Maupassant-Rod-A Third Section Regard War as Necessary, and not
without its Advantages -Doucet-Claretie-Zola-Vogue. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº »îÀ» º¯È¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ »î°ú ¾ç½É »çÀÌÀÇ
¸ð¼øÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ
±³¾çÀÖ´Â ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ È帮°Ô Çϰí,
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» Á¤´çÈÇÏ·Á´Â ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀ» ´ÙÇÑ´Ù;
ÀÌ·±½ÄÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀº »çȸ¸¦ Àú±ÞÇÑ À̱³ÁÖÀÇ¿¡¼
¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ ¾ß¸¸ÁÖÀǷΠŸ¶ô½ÃŲ´Ù-ÀüÀï,
Àü¼¼°èÀûÀÎ
±º±¹ÁÖÀÇ ±×¸®°í °¾ÐÀûÀÎ ±º´ë º¹¹«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çö´ë
ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÇ »ç»óÀÇ Á¤ÀǵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ŵµ-ÇÑ ºÐÆÄ´Â
ÀüÀïÀ» ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ Çö»óÀ¸·Î¼ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î¼¸¸ ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù-ÆòÈȸÀÇ-¸®ºä
¸®ºäÀÇ ³í°íµé-¸Æ½É µåįÇÁÀÇ ÁÖÀå-ÁßÀç À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ
°¡Áö¿Í ±º´ëÀÇ °¨Ãà-ÀÌ Àǰ߿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ºÎµéÀÇ Åµµ¿Í
±×µé ÇàÇÑ °Í-´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ºÐÆÄ´Â ÀüÀïÀº ÀÜÀÎÇÏÁö¸¸ ÇÇÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù-·Îµå-¼¼¹øÂ° ºÐÆÄ´Â ÀüÀïÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç,
ÀÌÀÍÀÌ ¾øÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù-µÎ½º-Ŭ¶ó·¹Æ¼-Á¹¶ó-º¸±× |
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the antagonism between life and the conscience may be removed in two
ways: by a change of life or by a change of conscience. And there would
seem there can be no doubt as to these alternatives. |
»î°ú ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¹Ý¸ñÀº µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù:
»îÀÇ º¯È¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¶Ç´Â ¾ç½ÉÀÇ º¯È¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼.
±×¸®°í
ÀÌµé ´ë¾Èµé¿¡ °üÇØ¼ ¾Æ¹«·± ÀǽÉÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸®¶ó º¸ÀδÙ. |
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A man may cease to do what he regards as wrong, but he cannot cease to
consider wrong what is wrong. Just in the same way all humanity may cease
to do what it regards as wrong, but far from being able to change, it
cannot even retard for a time the continual growth of a clearer recogni¡©tion
of what is wrong and therefore ought not to be. And therefore it would
seem inevitable for Christian men to abandon the pagan forms of society
which they condemn, and to reconstruct their social existence on the
Christian principles they profess. |
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀ» Áß´ÜÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù ±×·¯³ª À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ» À߸øµÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
¸ØÃâ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
Á¤¸» ¶È°°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç ÀηùµéÀº
À߸øµÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ØÃâ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª
º¯ÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ±â´Â Ä¿³ç,
À߸øµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
À߸øµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ¿í ¸í¹éÇÑ ÀνÄÀÇ
Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀåÀ» ½ÉÁö¾î Àá½Ã¶óµµ ´ÊÃâ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ ºñ³ÇÏ´Â
À̱³µµÀû ÇüÅÂÀÇ »çȸ¸¦ Æ÷±âÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÌ °í¹éÇÏ´Â
±âµ¶±³Àû À©¸®µé À§¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ »çȸÀû Á¸À縦
Àç°Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. |
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So it would be were it not for the law of inertia, as immu¡©table a
force in men and nations as in inanimate bodies. In men it takes the form
of the psychological principle, so truly expressed in the words of the
Gospel, "They have loved darkness better than light because their deeds
were evil." This principle shows itself in men not trying to recognize
the truth, but to persuade themselves that the life they are leading,
which is what they like and are used to, is a life perfectly consistent
with truth. |
±×·¡¼,
¹«·ÂÇÑ ¹ý·üÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é,
±×·¯ÇÑ ÀνÄÀº
¹«»ý¹°Ã³·³ »ç¶÷µé°ú ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡¼ ºÒº¯ÇÏ´Â ÈûÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼ ±×°ÍÀº ½É¸®ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇϸç,
º¹À½¼ÀÇ ¸»¾¸µé¿¡¼ ³Ê¹«³ª Áø½ÇÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù,
¡°±×µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ ¾ÇÇϹǷΠ±×µéÀº ºûº¸´Ù´Â ¾îµÎ¿òÀ»
»ç¶ûÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±
ÀÌ ¿ø¸® ÀÚü´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áø¸®¸¦
ÀνÄÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×µéÀÌ ¿µÀ§Çϰí ÀÖ´Â »îÀº,
±×°ÍÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾Æ Çϸç ÀûÀÀÇØ¿Â °ÍÀ¸·Î,
¿Ïº®ÇϰÔ
Áø¸®¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â »îÀ¸·Î È®½ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. |
|
Slavery was opposed to all the moral principles advocated by Plato and
Aristotle, yet neither of them saw that, because to renounce slavery would
have meant the break up of the life they were living. We see the same
thing in our modern world. |
³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ´Â ÇöóÅæ°ú ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º°¡ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â
¸ðµç µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®µé°ú ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾ú´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×µé ÁßÀÇ
¾Æ¹«µµ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¡À» º¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¸¦
Æ÷±âÇÔÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¿µÀ§ÇÏ´Â »îÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀǹÌÇϱâ
¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çö´ë ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀ»
º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
The division of men into two castes, as well as the use of force in
government and war, are opposed to every moral principle professed by our
modern society. Yet the culti¡©vated and advanced men of the day seem not
to see it. |
Á¤ºÎ¿Í ÀüÀï¿¡¼ Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ë »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
»ç¶÷µéÀ»
µÎ°¡Áö °è±ÞÀ¸·Î ³ª´©´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çö´ë »çȸ°¡
°í¹éÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç µµ´öÀû ¿ø¸®µé¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÈ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ
½Ã´ëÀÇ ±³¾çÀÖ°í Áøº¸ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö
¸øÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. |
|
The majority, if not all, of the cultivated men of our day try
unconsciously to maintain the old social conception of life, which
justifies their position, and to hide from them¡©selves and others its
insufficiency, and above all the necessity of adopting the Christian
conception of life, which will mean the break up of the whole existing
social order. They struggle to keep up the organization based on the
social conception of life, but do not believe in it themselves, because it
is extinct and it is impossible to believe in it. |
ÀüºÎ´Â ¾Æ´ÒÁö¶óµµ,
¿ì¸®½Ã´ëÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±³¾çÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¿¾³¯ÀÇ
»çȸÀû °³³äÀÇ »îÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í Àڽŵé°ú
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼ ±×°ÍÀÌ ºÒÃæºÐÇÔÀ»,
±×¸®°í
¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ °³³äÀÇ »îÀ» äÅÃÇÒ
Çʿ伺À» ¼û±â·Á ÇÑ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Àüü
»çȸ Áú¼¸¦ ºÎ¼ö´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀº
»çȸÀû °³³äÀÇ »î¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ±â±¸µéÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á ¾Ö¸¦
¾´´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×µé ½º½º·Î´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¸êÁ¾ÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ï±â´Â
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
All modern literature-philosophical, political, and artis¡©tic-is
striking in this respect. What wealth of idea, of form, of color, what
erudition, what art, but what a lack of serious matter, what dread of any
exactitude of thought or expression! Subtleties, allegories, humorous
fancies, the widest generalizations, but nothing simple and clear, noth¡©ing
going straight to the point, that is, to the problem of life. |
¸ðµç Çö´ë ¹®ÇÐ-öÇÐ,
Á¤Ä¡,
±×¸®°í ¿¹¼úÀûÀÎ-Àº
ÀÌÁ¡¿¡¼ µÎµå·¯Áø´Ù.
ȍȗ,
Çü½Ä,
»ö±òÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª
dzºÎÇѰ¡,
¾ó¸¶³ª ¹Ú½ÄÇϸç,
¾ó¸¶³ª ¿¹¼úÀûÀΰ¡,
±×·¯³ª
¾ó¸¶³ª Áø½ÇÇÔÀÌ °á¿©µÇ¾ú´Â°¡,
»ç»ó ¶Ç´Â Ç¥ÇöÀÇ
Á¤È®¼ºÀ» ¾ó¸¶³ª µÎ·Á¿ö Çϴ°¡!
±³¹¦ÇÔµé,
ºñÀ¯µé,
ÇØÇÐÀûÀÎ »ó»óµé,
°¡Àå ³ÐÀº º¸Æí¼ºÀ» °¡ÁöÁö¸¸,
´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
»îÀ»,
Áï,
Ȕ˂
¹®Á¦¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
But that is not all; besides these graceful frivolities, our literature
is full of simple nastiness and brutality, of argu¡©ments which would lead
men back in the most refined way to primeval barbarism, to the principles
not only of the pagan, but even of the animal life, which we have left be¡©hind
us five thousand years ago. |
±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù;
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ ÇÏÂúÀº
°Íµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®ÇÐÀº ´Ü¼øÇÑ À½´ãÆÐ¼³°ú
ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ¸·Î °¡µæÂ÷ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯ÇÔÀÇ ³í¸®µéÀº °á±¹
°¡Àå ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ
¾ß¸¸ÁÖÀÇ·Î,
À̱³ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®·Î »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
½ÉÁö¾î
µ¿¹°ÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ¿ø¸®·Î À̲ø°í °¥ °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×·¯ÇÑ »îÀº
¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¿Àõ³â Àü¿¡ ¿ì¸® µÚ¿¡ ³²±â°í ¿Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. |
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And it could not be otherwise. In their dread of the Christian
conception of life which will destroy the social order, which some cling
to only from habit, others also from interest, men cannot but be thrown
back upon the pagan conception of life and the principles based on it.
Nowa¡©days we see advocated not only patriotism and aristocratic
principles just as they were advocated two thousand years ago, but even
the coarsest Epicureanism and animalism, only with this difference, that
the men who then professed those views believed in them, while nowadays
even the advocates of such views do not believe in them, for they have no
mean¡©ing for the present day. No one can stand still when the earth is
shaking under his feet. If we do not go forward we must go back. And
strange and terrible to say, the cultivated men of our day, the leaders of
thought, are in reality with their subtle reasoning drawing society back,
not to paganism even, but to a state of primitive barbarism. |
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ´Þ¸® µÉ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
±×µéÀÇ »çȸÀû
Áú¼¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ °³³äÀÇ »îÀ» ¹«¼¿öÇÏ¿©,
¾î¶² À̵éÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ ½À°üÀ¸·Î¼,
¾î¶²ÀÌ µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ
Èï¹Ì·Î¼ ºÙµé°í ÀÖÁö¸¸,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ù½Ã±Ý À̱³Àû
°³³äÀÇ »î°ú ±×°ÍÀ» ±âÃÊ·ÎÇÑ ¿ø¸®µé·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ °¡Áö
¾ÊÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
¿À´Ã³¯,
¿ì¸®´Â ¾Ö±¹ÁÖÀÇ¿Í ±ÍÁ·ÁÖÀÇ
¿ø¸®µéÀÌ ÀÌõ³â Àü¿¡ ¿ËÈ£µÇ¾ú´ø °Íó·³ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
½ÉÁö¾î °¡Àå Àú¼ÓÇÑ Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇ ¿Í µ¿¹°ÁÖÀǰ¡ ¿ËÈ£µÇ´Â
°ÍÀ» º¸°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª,
¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Â÷ÀÌÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù,
Áï,
±×´ç½Ã
±×·¯ÇÑ ½Ã°¢µéÀ» °í¹éÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹Ï¾úÀ¸³ª,
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ¿À´Ã³¯Àº ±×·¯ÇÑ ½Ã°¢À» ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̶óµµ
±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Çö ½Ã´ë¿¡´Â ±×°ÍµéÀº
¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̵µ °®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ß ¹Ø¿¡¼
¶¥ÀÌ Èçµé¸± ¶§ ¾Æ¹«µµ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¼ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î °¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é µÚ·Î °¡¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
¸»ÇϱⰡ ÀÌ»óÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ¸ç ¹«¼·±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸,
¿ì¸®
½Ã´ëÀÇ ±³¾çÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé,
»ç»óÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº,
»ç½Ç»ó
±×µéÀÇ ±³¹¦ÇÑ Ãß·ÐÀ¸·Î¼ »çȸ¸¦ ÈÄÅð½Ã۰í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
½ÉÁö¾î À̱³ÁÖÀÇ·Î »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ ¾ß¸¸ÁÖÀÇ
»óÅ·Π¸»ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
This tendency on the part of the leading thinkers of the day is nowhere
more apparent than in their attitude to the phenomenon in which all the
insufficiency of the social con¡©ception of life is presented in the most
concentrated form- in their attitude, that is, to war, to the general
arming of nations, and to universal compulsory service. |
¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ÁöµµÀûÀÎ »ç»ó°¡µé Ãø¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâÀº
»çȸÀû °³³äÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÒÃæºÐÇÔÀÌ °¡Àå Áý¾àµÈ
ÇüÅ·μ Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ¿¡¼ ´õ¿í
ÇöÀúÇÏ´Ù-Áï,
ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ,
±¹°¡µéÀÇ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ¹«Àå,
±×¸®°í ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ °¾ÐÀû º´¿ªÀǹ« µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ¿¡¼
±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù. |
|
The undefined, if not disingenuous, attitude of modern thinkers to this
phenomenon is striking. It takes three forms in cultivated society. One
section look at it as an incidental phenomenon, arising out of the special
political situation of Europe, and consider that this state of things can
be reformed without a revolution in the whole internal social order of
nations, by external measures of international diplomacy. Another section
regard it as something cruel and hideous, but at the same time fated and
inevitable, like disease and death. A third party with cool indifference
consider war as an inevitable phenomenon, beneficial in its effects and
therefore desirable. |
¸¸ÀÏ ºÎÁ¤Á÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶ó°í,
ÀÌ·± Çö»óµé¿¡
´ëÇÑ Çö´ë »ç»ó°¡µéÀÇ Á¤ÀǵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ŵµ´Â ³î¶ó¿ï
Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù.
±³¾çÀÖ´Â »çȸ¿¡¼ ±×°ÍÀº ¼¼°¡Áö ÇüŸ¦
ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÑ °èÃþÀº ±×°ÍÀ» À¯·´À̶ó´Â Ư¼öÇÑ Á¤Ä¡Àû
»óȲ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ Çö»óÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº»´Ù,
±×¸®°í
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¹°ÀÇ »óÅ´ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÎ »çȸÁú¼¿¡¼ÀÇ
Çõ¸íÀÌ ¾øÀÌ,
±¹Á¦ ¿Ü±³ÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýµé¿À¼ °³ÇõµÉ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ °èÃþÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°í ¹«¼¿î
°ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©±â¸ç,
µ¿½Ã¿¡,
Áúº´À̳ª Á×À½ °°ÀÌ,
¿î¸íÀ̸ç
ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù.
Â÷°¡¿î ³ÃÁ¤ÇÔÀ»
Áö´Ñ ¼¼¹øÂ° °èÃþÀº ÀüÀïÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Çö»óÀ̸ç,
±×ÀÇ È¿°ú·Î¼ À̷οòÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù. |
|
Men look at the subject from different points of view, but all alike
talk of war as though it were something absolutely independent of the will
of those who take part in it. And consequently they do not even admit the
natural question which presents itself to every simple man: "How about
me-ought I to take any part in it?" In their view no question of this
kind even exists, and every man, however he may regard war from a personal
standpoint, must slavishly submit to the requirements of the authorities
on the subject. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ °üÁ¡ µé¿¡¼ ±× ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº»´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¸ðµÎ ´Ù ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÀüÀïÀº ¸¶Ä¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿Í Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î µ¶¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³
¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í °á±¹ ±×µéÀº Á¦°¢±â ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô
¶°¿À¸£´Â ´ç¿¬ÇÑ Àǹ®¸¶Àúµµ ½ÃÀÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á µç´Ù: ¡°³ª´Â
¾î¶²°¡-³ªµµ ±×°Í¿¡ Âü¿©ÇØ¾ß µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?¡±
±×µéÀÇ
½Ã°¢¿¡´Â ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ Àǹ®µéÀº ÀüÇô Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù,
±×¸®°í °¢ÀÚ´Â,
±×°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ ÀüÀïÀ»
º¼Áö¶óµµ,
±× ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑÇÑ ´ç±¹ÀÇ ¿ä±¸µé¿¡ ³ë¿¹Ã³·³
¹Ýµå½Ã º¹Á¾ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
The attitude of the first section of thinkers, those who see a way out
of war in international diplomatic measures, is well expressed in the
report of the last Peace Congress in Lon¡©don, and the articles and
letters upon war that appeared in No. 8 of the Revue des Revues,
1891. The congress after gathering together from various quarters the
verbal and written opinion of learned men opened the proceedings by a
religious service, and after listening to addresses for five whole days,
concluded them by a public dinner and speeches. They adopted the following
resolutions: |
ù¹øÂ° °èÃþÀÇ »ç»ó°¡µéÀÇ Åµµ´Â,
±¹Á¦ ¿Ü±³ ´ëÃ¥À»
ÅëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã´Â »ç¶÷µé·Î¼,
ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ·±´ø ÆòÈȸÀÇÀÇ º¸°í¼¿¡¼,
±×¸®°í 1891³â
¸®ºä¸®ºä ÁöÀÇ 8¹ø¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ÀüÀï¿¡ °üÇÑ ³í¹®µé°ú
¼Çѵ鿡 Àß Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ú½ÄÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°í ±¸¼ºµÈ
´Ù¾çÇÑ Áø¿µÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ±¸µÎ ¹× ¼¸é ÀǰßÀ» ÃëÇÕÇÑ
ȸÀÇ´Â Á¾±³ ¿¹¹è¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ¿¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ²¿¹Ú
5ÀÏ µ¿¾È ¿¬¼³µéÀ» µè°í³ª¼,
°ø½Ä ¸¸Âù°ú ¿¬¼³µé·Î¼
±×°ÍµéÀ» °á·Ð³»·È´Ù.
±×µéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °áÀǾÈÀ»
äÅÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
"1. The congress affirms its belief that the brotherhood of man
involves as a necessary consequence a brotherhood of nations. |
¡°1.
ȸÀÇ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿ì¾Ö´Â ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °á°ú·Î¼
±¹°¡°£ÀÇ ¿ì¾Ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"2. The congress recognizes the important influence that Christianity
exercises on the moral and political progress of mankind, and earnestly
urges upon ministers of the Gospel and other religious teachers the duty
of setting forth the principles of peace and good will toward men. And
it recommends that the third Sunday in December be set apart for that
purpose. |
¡°2.
ȸÀÇ´Â ±âµ¶±³°¡ ÀηùÀÇ µµ´ö ¹× Á¤Ä¡Àû Áøº¸¿¡
Çà»çÇÏ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í º¹À½À»
´Ù·ç´Â ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³ ±³»çµé¿¡°Ô »ç¶÷µéÀ»
À§ÇÑ ÆòÈ¿Í È£ÀÇÀÇ ¿ø¸®µéÀ» üÃâÇÒ Àǹ«¸¦ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î
¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ȸÀÇ´Â 12¿ù ¼¼¹øÂ° ÀÏ¿äÀÏÀ» ±×·¯ÇÑ
¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇصдÙ. |
|
"3. The congress expresses the opinion that all teachers of history
should call the attention of the young to the grave evils inflicted on
mankind in all ages by war, and to the fact that such war has been waged
for most inadequate causes. |
¡°3.
ȸÀÇ´Â ¸ðµç ¿ª»ç ±³»çµéÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ÀüÀï¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ¸ðµç ¼¼´ë¿¡¼ Àηù¿¡°Ô °¡ÇØÁø Áß´ëÇÑ
¾ÇÇàµé°ú,
±×·¯ÇÑ ÀüÀïÀº °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº
ÀÌÀ¯µé·Î¼ ÇàÇØÁ³´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ÁÖÁö½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â
ÀǰßÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"4. The congress protests against the use of military drill in
schools by way of physical exercise, and suggests the formation of
brigades for saving life rather than of a quasi-military character; and
urges the desirability of impressing on the Board of Examiners who
formulate the questions for examination the propriety of guiding the minds
of children in the principles of peace. |
¡°4.
ȸÀÇ´Â Çб³¿¡¼ À°Ã¼Àû ´Ü·ÃÀ» ÅëÇÑ ±º»çÈÆ·ÃÀ»
ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇϸç,
±º»çÀûÀÎ °Í¿¡ °¡±î¿î
¼º°Ýº¸´Ù´Â »ý¸íÀ» ±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ´Üü ±¸¼ºÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇϰí,
½ÃÇè ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Â ½ÃÇè À§¿øÈ¸¿¡ ÆòÈÀÇ ¿ø¸®µé¿¡
µû¸¥ ¾Æµ¿µéÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» ¾È³»ÇÏ´Â Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÔÀÌ
¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"5. The congress holds that the doctrine of the Rights of Man
requires that the aboriginal and weaker races, their territories and
liberties, shall be guarded from injustice and fraud, and that these races
shall be shielded against the vices so prevalent among the so-called
advanced races of men. It further expresses its conviction that there
should be concert of action among the nations for the accomplish¡©ment of
these ends. The congress expresses its hearty appreciation of the
resolutions of the Anti-slavery Confer¡©ence held recently at Brussels for
the amelioration of the condition of the peoples of Africa. |
¡°5.
ȸÀÇ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³¸®´Â ¿øÁֹΰú
¾àÇÑ Àηùµé,
±×µéÀÇ ¿µÅäµé,
¹× ÀÚÀ¯µéÀÌ ºÒÀÇ¿Í
±â¸¸À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£µÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç,
À̵é ÀηùµéÀº ¼ÒÀ§
ÁøµµµÈ Àηùµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÆØ¹èÇØ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÇÀǵ鿡 ¸Â¼¼
º¸È£µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
ȸÀÇ´Â ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼ ÀÌ
¸ñÀûÀÇ ´Þ¼ºÀ» À§Çؼ ±¹°¡°£ÀÇ ´ÜÇÕµÈ ÇൿÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù´Â È®½ÅÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
ȸÀÇ´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
»óŸ¦ °³¼±Çϱâ À§Çؼ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ºê·ò¼¿¿¡ ¿·È´ø ³ë¿¹
¹Ý´ë ȸÀÇÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °í¸¶¿òÀ» ´À³¤´Ù. |
|
"6. The congress believes that the warlike prejudices and traditions
which are still fostered in the various nation¡©alities, and the
misrepresentations by leaders of public opinion in legislative assemblies
or through the press, are often indirect causes of war, and that these
evils should be counteracted by the publication of accurate information
tending to the removal of misunderstanding between nations, and recommends
the importance of considering the question of commencing an international
newspaper with such a purpose. |
¡°6.
ȸÀÇ´Â ¿©·¯ ±¹°¡µé¿¡¼ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Á¶ÀåµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â
È£ÀüÀûÀÎ Æí°ßµé°ú °ü½Àµé,
±×¸®°í ÀÔ¹ý±â±¸³ª ¾ð·ÐÀÇ
¿©·Ð ÁöµµÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇÑ ¿ÀÇØµéÀÌ ÈçÈ÷ ÀüÀïÀÇ °£Á¢ÀûÀÎ
¿øÀεéÀÌ µÇ¸ç,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇØ¾ÇµéÀº ±¹°¡µé °£ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ¸¦
Á¦°ÅÇÔ¿¡ µµ¿òÀ̵Ǵ Á¤È®ÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °ø°³¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼
´ëÀÀµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÑ
±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ½Å¹®À» ¹ßÇàÇÔ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â
Á߿伺À» ±Ç°íÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"7. The congress proposes to the Inter-parliamentary Conference that
the utmost support should be given to every project for unification of
weights and measures, coinage, tariff, postage, and telegraphic
arrangements, etc., which would assist in constituting a commercial,
industrial, and scientific union of the peoples. |
¡°7.
ȸÀÇ´Â ±¹Á¦ ÀÇ¿ø ȸÀÇ¿¡ µµ·®Çü,
ÈÆä,
°ü¼¼,
¿ìÆí ¹× Àü½Å Çù¾à,
µîÀÇ ÅëÀÏ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç °èȹµé¿¡
ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç,
±×·ÎÇØ¼ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ
»ó¾÷Àû,
»ê¾÷Àû ¹× °úÇÐÀûÀÎ °áÇÕÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÒ
°ÍÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù. |
|
¡°8. The congress, in view of the vast social and moral influence of
woman, urges upon every woman to sustain the things that make for peace,
as otherwise she incurs grave responsibility for the continuance of the
systems of mili¡©tarism. |
¡°8.
ȸÀÇ´Â,
¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ »çȸÀû ¹× µµ´öÀû
¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» °í·ÁÇϰǴë,
Á¦°¢±â ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ Æòȸ¦
±¸ÃàÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» Áö¿øÇÒ °ÍÀ» Ã˱¸Çϸç,
±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é
±º»çÁÖÀÇ Ã¼Á¦µéÀÇ Áö¼Ó¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÃÊ·¡Çϱâ
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"9. The congress expresses the hope that the Financial Reform
Association and other similar societies in Europe and America should unite
in considering means for estab¡©lishing equitable commercial relations
between states, by the reduction of import duties. The congress feels that
it can affirm that the whole of Europe desires peace, and awaits with
impatience the suppression of armaments, which, under the plea of defense,
become in their turn a danger by keeping alive mutual distrust, and are,
at the same time, the cause of that general economic disturbance which
stands in the way of settling in a satisfactory manner the problems of
labor and poverty, which ought to take prece¡©dence of all others. |
¡°9.
ȸÀÇ´Â ÀçÁ¤ °³Çõ Çùȸ ¹× ±âŸ À¯·´°ú
¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ´ÜüµéÀÌ,
¼öÀÔ¼¼¸¦ °¨¸éÇϹǷμ ±¹°¡µé
°£ÀÇ °øÁ¤ÇÑ »ó¾÷Àû °ü°èµéÀ» È®¸³Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀ»
°í·ÁÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ¿©¾ßµÈ´Ù´Â Èñ¸ÁÀ»
Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
ȸÀÇ´Â Àüü À¯·´Àº Æòȸ¦ ¹Ù¶ó¸ç,
±º»ç·Â
°¨ÃàÀ» ½Ã±ÞÇÏ°Ô ±â´Ù¸®¸ç,
±º»ç·ÂÀº ¹æ¾î¶ó´Â
±¸½ÇÇÏ¿¡,
»óÈ£ ºÒ½ÅÀ» Á¸¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ÇϹǷμ À§ÇèÀÌ µÇ¸ç,
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³ëµ¿°ú ºó°ïÀÇ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥
¹æÇذ¡ µÇ´Â Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦Àû ºÒ¾ÈÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ¸ç,
³ëµ¿°ú ºó°ïÀÇ ¹®Á¦µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °Íµéº¸´Ù ¿ì¼±Çؾß
µÊÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ´À³¤´Ù. |
|
"10. The congress, recognizing that a general disarma¡©ment would be
the best guarantee of peace and would lead to the solution of the
questions which now most divide states, expresses the wish that a congress
of representatives of all the states of Europe may be assembled as soon as
possible to consider the means of effecting a gradual general disarmament. |
¡°10.
ȸÀÇ´Â,
Àü¹ÝÀû ±ººñ Ãà¼Ò°¡ ÆòÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå
ÁÁÀº º¸ÀåÀ̸ç,
ÇöÀç ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î ±¹°¡µéÀ» ºÐ¿ÇÏ´Â
¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ°á¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ÀνÄÇϸé¼,
¸ðµç À¯·´ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ´ëÇ¥µéÀÌ Âü¼®Çϴ ȸÀǰ¡
Á¡ÁøÀûÀ̸ç Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ±ººñÃà¼Ò¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÑ
¼ö´ÜµéÀ» ³íÀÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ,
°¡´ÉÇÑ »¡¸® ¼ÒÁýµÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÔÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"11. The congress, in consideration of the fact that the timidity of
a single power might delay the convocation of the above-mentioned
congress, is of opinion that the govern¡©ment which should first dismiss
any considerable number of soldiers would confer a signal benefit on
Europe and man¡©kind, because it would, by public opinion, oblige other
governments to follow its example, and by the moral force of this
accomplished fact would have increased rather than diminished the
conditions of its national defense. |
¡°11.
ȸÀÇ´Â,
´Ü ÇÑ ±¹°¡¶óµµ ¼Ò±ØÀûÀÌµÇ¸é »ó±â¿¡
¾ð±ÞÇÑ È¸ÀÇÀÇ ¼ÒÁýÀÌ Áö¿¬µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ»
°í·ÁÇÏ¿©,
¸ÕÀú »ó´çÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀÇ º´·ÂÀ» ÇØÁ¦ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎ´Â
À¯·´°ú Àηùµé¿¡°Ô »ó¡ÀûÀÎ ÇýÅÃÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×°ÍÀº,
°ø°øÀÇ ¿©·Ð¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
´Ù¸¥ Á¤ºÎµéÀ» ±× ¿¹¸¦
µû¸£°Ô Çϱ⠶§¹®À̸ç,
±×¸®°í,
ÀÌ·¸°Ô È®¸³µÈ »ç½ÇÀÇ
µµ´öÀûÀÎ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±× Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±¹°¡ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¾î »óŸ¦
°¨¼ÒÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â,
ÀǰßÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"12. The congress, considering the question of disarma¡©ment, as of
peace in general, depends on public opinion, recommends the peace
societies, as well as all friends of peace, to be active in its
propaganda, especially at the time of parliamentary elections, in order
that the electors should give their votes to candidates who are pledged to
support Peace, Disarmament, and Arbitration. |
¡°12.
ȸÀÇ´Â,
±ººñ Ãà¼ÒÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³íÀÇÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼,
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÆòÈÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î,
°ø°øÀÇ ¿©·Ð¿¡
ÀÇÁ¸Çϸç,
ÆòÈ ´Üüµé,
»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç ÆòÈÀÇ
Ä£±¸µéÀÌ ±× ¼±Àü¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼,
ƯÈ÷ ÀÇ¿ø ¼±°Å¿¡¼,
Àû±ØÀûÀÏ °ÍÀ» ±Ç°íÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© À¯±ÇÀÚµéÀº ÆòÈ,
±ººñÃà¼Ò,
¹× ÁßÀ縦 °ø¾àÇÏ´Â Èĺ¸Àڵ鿡°Ô ÅõÇ¥ÇÒ
°ÍÀ» ±Ç°íÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"13. The congress congratulates the friends of peace on the
resolution adopted by the International American Con¡©ference, held at
Washington in April last, by which it was recommended that arbitration
should be obligatory in all controversies, whatever their origin, except
only those which may imperil the independence of one of the nations
involved. |
¡°13.
ȸÀÇ´Â,
Áö³ 4¿ù ¿ö½ÌÅæ¿¡¼ ¿¸° ±¹Á¦
¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ȸÀÇ¿¡¼ äÅÃµÈ °áÀǾȿ¡ ´ëÇØ,
±×¸®°í ±×
°áÀÇ ¾È¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ºÐÀïµé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ±×µéÀÇ ±¹ÀûÀÌ
¹«¾ùÀ̵ç ÁßÀç´Â Àǹ«ÀûÀ̸ç,
´Ù¸¸ °ü·ÃµÈ ±¹°¡µé ÁßÀÇ
ÇϳªÀÇ µ¶¸³À» À§ÅÂ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϱâ·ÎÇÑ
°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÆòÈÀÇ Ä£±¸µéÀ» ÃàÇÏÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"14. The congress recommends this resolution to the attention of
European statesmen, and expresses the ardent desire that similar treaties
may speedily be entered into be¡©tween the other nations of the world. |
¡°14.
ȸÀÇ´Â ÀÌ °áÀǾÈÀ» À¯·´ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡°¡µéÀÌ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ
°ÍÀ» ±Ç°íÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í À¯»çÇÑ ÇùÁ¤µéÀÌ Á¶¼ÓÈ÷ ¼¼°èÀÇ
´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ü°áµÇ±â¸¦ °·ÄÇÑ Èñ¸ÁÀ¸·Î
Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"15. The congress expresses its satisfaction at the adop¡©tion by the
Spanish Senate on June 16 last of a project of law authorizing the
government to negotiate general or special treaties of arbitration for the
settlement of all dis¡©putes except those relating to the independence or
internal government of the states affected; also at the adoption of
resolutions to a like effect by the Norwegian Storthing and by the Italian
Chamber. |
¡°15.
ȸÀÇ´Â,
¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â ±¹°¡µéÀÇ µ¶¸³À̳ª ÀÚÄ¡
Á¤ºÎµé¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ °æ¿ìµéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç ºÐÀïµéÀÇ
ÇØ°á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁßÀç¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÏ¹Ý ¶Ç´Â Ưº° Çù¾àµéÀ»
Á¤ºÎ°¡ Çù»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁÖ´Â ÀÔ¹ý °èȹÀ»,
Áö³ 6¿ù 16ÀÏ ½ºÆäÀÎ »ó¿ø¿¡¼ äÅÃÇѵ¥ ´ëÇØ ¸¸Á·À»
Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù;
±×¸®°í ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ ±¹È¸¿Í ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ÀÇȸÀÇ
À¯»çÇÑ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÀǾȵéÀÇ Ã¤Åà ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¸Á·ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"16. The congress resolves that a committee be appointed to address
communications to the principal political, religious, commercial, and
labor and peace organizations, requesting them to send petitions to the
governmental authorities praying that measures be taken for the formation
of suitable tribunals for the adjudicature of international questions so
as to avoid the resort to war. |
¡°16.
ȸÀÇ´Â,
Áß¿äÇÑ Á¤Ä¡Àû,
Á¾±³Àû,
»ó¾÷Àû,
±×¸®°í
³ëµ¿°ú ÆòÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëȸ¦ Àü´ãÇÏ´Â À§¿øÈ¸¸¦
À§ÃËÇϰí,
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ÀüÀï¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇϵµ·Ï
±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÉÆÇÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ
ÀçÆÇ¼ÒµéÀÇ Çü¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ ´ëÃ¥µéÀÌ ÃëÇØÁöµµ·Ï
±â¿øÇϸé¼,
±×µéÀÌ Á¤ºÎ ´ç±¹µé¿¡ ź¿øÇϵµ·Ï ¿äûÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï,
ÀǰáÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"17. Seeing (1) that the object pursued by all peace societies is the
establishment of judicial order between nations, and (2) that
neutralization by international treaties constitutes a step toward this
judicial state and lessens the number of districts in which war can be
carried on, the congress recommends a larger extension of the rule of
neutralization, and expresses the wish, (1) that all treaties which at
present assure to certain states the benefit of neutrality remain in
force, or if necessary be amended in a manner to render the neutrality
more effective, either by extending neutralization to the whole of the
state or by ordering the demolition of fortresses, which constitute rather
a peril than a guarantee for neutrality; (2) that new treaties in harmony
with the wishes of the populations con¡©cerned be concluded for
establishing the neutralization of other states. |
¡°17. (1)¸ðµç ÆòÈ ´ÜüµéÀÌ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀûÀº ±¹°¡µé
»çÀÌ¿¡ »ç¹ýÀûÀÎ Áú¼¸¦ È®¸³ÇÔÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í (2)
±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ Çù¾à¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á߸³È´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¹ýÀûÀÎ
»óŸ¦ ÇâÇÑ ÇÑ °ÉÀ½À» ±¸¼ºÇϸç,
ÀüÀïÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ» ÁöÇâÇϸé¼,
ȸÀÇ´Â
Á߸³È ±ÔÁ¤ÀÇ Á»´õ ³ÐÀº È®ÀåÀ» ±Ç°íÇϸç,
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº
Èñ¸ÁÀ» ÇÇ·ÂÇÑ´Ù: (1)
ÇöÀç Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ±¹°¡µé¿¡°Ô Á߸³ÀÇ
ÀÌÀÍÀ» È®½Å½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÇùÁ¤µéÀÌ È¿·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇϰųª,
¸¸ÀÏ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é,
Á߸³À» ±¹°¡ÀÇ Àüü Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î
È®ÀåÇϰųª ¶Ç´Â Á߸³À» º¸ÀåÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â À§ÇùÀÌ µÇ´Â
¿ä»õµéÀ» ÆÄ±«Åä·Ï ¸í·ÉÇÏ¿©¼ Á߸³ÀÌ ´õ¿í ½ÇÈ¿¼ºÀ»
¶ìµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °³Á¤µÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù; (2)
°ü°èµÇ´Â
±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ¼Ò¿ø°ú ÈÇÕÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ÇùÁ¤µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥
±¹°¡µéÀÇ Á߸³È¸¦ È®¸³Çϴµ¥ Æ÷ÇԵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
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"18. The sub-committee proposes, (1) that the annual Peace Congress
should be held either immediately before the meeting of the annual
Sub-parliamentary Conference, or immediately after it in the same town;
(2) that the question of an international peace emblem be postponed sine
die; (3) that the following resolutions be adopted: |
¡°ºÐ°ú À§¿øÈ¸´Â ´ÙÀ½À» Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù, (1)
¿¬·Ê
ÆòÈȸÀÇ´Â ¿¬·Ê ºÐ°ú ÀÇ¿øÈ¸ÀÇ ¸ðÀÓ Á÷Àü¿¡,
¶Ç´Â ±×
Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ °°Àº µµ½Ã¿¡¼ ¿·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; (2)
±¹Á¦ ÆòÈ
ÈÖÀåÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â ¹«±âÇÑÀ¸·Î ¹Ì·ç¾î Áø´Ù; (3)
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº
°áÀǾÈÀÌ Ã¤ÅõȴÙ. |
|
"a. To express satisfaction at the official
overtures of the Presbyterian Church in the United States addressed to the
highest representatives of each church organization in Christendom to
unite in a general conference to promote the substitution of international
arbitration for war. |
¡°a.
ÀüÀï´ë½Å ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ÁßÀ縦 Á¶ÀåÇÏ´Â
ÃÑȸ·Î¼ ¿¬ÇÕÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ´Â,
±âµ¶±³±¹ÀÇ °¢ ±³È¸
±â±¸ÀÇ ÃÖ»óÀ§ ´ëÇ¥Àڵ鿡°Ô º¸³»´Â ¹Ì±¹ Àå·Î±³È¸ÀÇ
°ø½ÄÀûÀÎ °ÇÀǵ鿡 ¸¸Á·À» Ç¥¸íÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"b. To express in the name of the congress
its profound reverence for the memory of Aurelio Saffi, the great Italian
jurist, a member of the committee of the International League of Peace and
Liberty. |
¡°b.
ȸÀÇÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î,
ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ
¹ýÇÐÀÚÀ̸ç,
ÆòÈ¿Í ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±¹Á¦ ¿¬¸Í À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ
ȸ¿øÀÎ ¾Æ¿ì·¼¸®¿À »çÇǸ¦ ±â³äÇÏ¿©,
½É¿ÀÇÑ °æÀǸ¦
Ç¥¸íÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"(4) That the memorial adopted by this congress and signed by the
president to the heads of the civilized states should, as far as
practicable, be presented to each power by influential deputations. |
¡°(4)
¹®¸í ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ¼ö¹Ýµé¿¡°Ô º¸³»Áö´Â ÀÌ È¸ÀÇ¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ äÅÃÀ̵ǰí ȸÀå¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼¸íµÈ °ÇÀǼ´Â,
°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ,
¿µÇâ·ÂÀÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ °¢±¹¿¡
Á¦ÃâµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"(5) That the following resolutions be adopted: "a. A
resolution of thanks to the presidents of the various sittings of the
congress. "b. A resolution of thanks to the chairman, the secre¡©taries,
and the members of the bureau of the congress. "c. A resolution
of thanks to the conveners and members of the sectional committees. "d.
A resolution of thanks to Rev. Canon Scott Holland, Rev. Dr. Reuen Thomas,
and Rev. J. Morgan Gibbon for their pulpit addresses before the congress,
and also to the authorities of St. Paul's Cathedral, the City Temple,
and Stamford Hill Congregational Church for the use of those buildings for
public services. "e. A letter of thanks to her Majesty for
permission to visit Windfor Castle. ''f. And also a resolution
of thanks to the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, to Mr. Passmore Edwards,
and other friends who have extended their hospitality to the members of
the congress. |
¡°(5)
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °áÀǾÈÀÌ Ã¤Åõǵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù: ¡°a.
ȸÀÇÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ È¸Àåµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨»çÀÇ °áÀÇ. ¡°b.
ȸÀÇÀÇ »ç¹«±¹ÀÇ ÀÇÀå,
¼±âµé,
±×¸®°í ÀÓ¿øµé¿¡
´ëÇÑ °¨»çÀÇ °áÀÇ. ¡°c.
ºÐ°úº° À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ À§¿øÀå°ú
À§¿øµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨»çÀÇ °áÀÇ. ¡°d.
½ÅºÎ ij³í ½ºÄà
Ȧ·£µå,
½ÅºÎ ·ÎÀÌÀº Å丶½º ¹Ú»ç,
¹× ½ÅºÎ J.
¸ð°Ç
±âº»ÀÇ È¸ÀǸ¦ À§ÇÑ ¼³±³ ¿¬¼³¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©,
±×¸®°í ¼º
¹Ù¿À¸£ ¼º´ç,
½Ã¸³ »ç¿ø,
¹× ½ºÅÆÆ÷µå Èú Á¶ÇÕ±³È¸
´ç±¹µéÀÇ ´ëÁß ÁýȸµéÀ» À§ÇØ ±×µéÀÇ °Ç¹°µéÀ»
»ç¿ëÅä·Ï ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨»çÀÇ °áÀÇ. ¡°e.
À©Æ÷ ¼º
¹æ¹®À» Çã¶ôÇØÁØ ÀüÇÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨»çÀÇ ÆíÁö. ¡°f.
±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ½ÃÀå°ú ½ÃÀå ºÎÀÎ,
ÆÄ½º¸ð¾î ¿¡µå¿öµå ¾¾,
±×¸®°í ȸÀÇÀÇ È¸¿øµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ È£ÀǸ¦ µÎ·ç
º¸¿©ÁØ ´Ù¸¥ Ä£±¸µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨»çÀÇ °áÀÇ. |
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"19. The congress places on record a heartfelt expres¡©sion of
gratitude to Almighty God for the remarkable har¡©mony and concord which
have characterized the meetings of the assembly, in which so many men and
women of varied nations, creeds, tongues, and races have gathered in
closest cooperation, and for the conclusion of the labors of the congress;
and expresses its firm and unshaken belief in the ultimate triumph of the
cause of peace and of the principles advocated at these meetings." |
¡°19.
ȸÀÇ´Â ÁýȸÀÇ ¸ðÀÓµéÀ» µÎµå·¯Áö°Ô ÇÑ ³î¶ó¿î
Á¶È¿Í ÀÏÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©,
¿©±â¿¡¼ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±¹Àû°ú,
½ÅÁ¶¿Í,
±×¸®°í ÀÎÁ¾µéÀÇ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº ³²ÀÚ¿Í ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ ±ä¹ÐÈ÷
ÇùÁ¶Çϸç ÇÔ²² ¸ð¿´À¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ȸÀÇÀÇ ³ë·ÂµéÀÇ
°á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àü´ÉÇϽŠÇϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡½¿±íÀÌ
¿ì·¯³ª´Â °¨»çÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù;
±×¸®°í À̵é
¸ðÀӵ鿡¼ ÁÖÀåµÈ ÆòÈÀÇ ¿øÀεé°ú ¿ø¸®µéÀÇ ½Â¸®¿¡
´ëÇÑ È®°íÇϸç Èçµé¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â ¹ÏÀ½À» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. |
|
The fundamental idea of the congress is the necessity (1) of diffusing
among all people by all means the conviction of the disadvantages of war
and the great blessing of peace, and (2) of rousing governments to the
sense of the superi¡©ority of international arbitration over war and of
the consequent advisability and necessity of disarmament. To attain the
first aim the congress has recourse to teachers of his¡©tory, to women,
and to the clergy, with the advice to the latter to preach on the evil of
war and the blessing of peace every third Sunday in December. To attain
the second object the congress appeals to governments with the sug¡©gestion
that they should disband their armies and replace war by arbitration. |
ȸÀÇÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ »ç»óÀº (1)
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸ðµç
¼ö´ÜÀ» µ¿¿øÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀÇ ºÒ¸®ÇÑ Á¡°ú ÆòÈÀÇ Ä¿´Ù¶õ
Ãູ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®½ÅÀ» ÀüÆÄÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çʿ伺,
±×¸®°í (2)
Á¤ºÎµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ÁßÀçÀÇ ¿ì¼±
¼øÀ§¸¦ Áö°¢ÇÏ°Ô Àϱú¿ì¸ç,
±ººñÃà¼ÒÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ´Ù.
ù¹øÂ° ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§Çؼ ȸÀÇ´Â ¿ª»ç ±³»çµé,
¿©ÀÚµé,
±×¸®°í ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
ÈÄÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â
¸Å³â 12¿ù ¼¼¹øÂ° ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ÀüÀïÀÇ ÇØ¾Ç°ú ÆòÈÀÇ ÃູÀ»
¼³±³ÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ±Ç°íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
µÎ¹øÂ° ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ
À§Çؼ ȸÀÇ´Â Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ±º´ë¸¦ ÇØÃ¼ÇÒ °Í°ú
ÀüÀï ´ë½Å ÁßÀç·Î ´ëüÇÏ´Â Á¦¾ÈÀ¸·Î Á¤ºÎµé¿¡°Ô
È£¼ÒÇÑ´Ù. |
|
To preach to men of the evil of war and the blessing of peace! But the
blessing of peace is so well known to men that, ever since there have been
men at all, their best wish has been expressed in the greeting, "Peace
be with you." So why preach about it? |
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀüÀïÀÇ ÇØ¾Ç°ú ÆòÈÀÇ ÃູÀ» ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â
°Í!
±×·¯³ª ÆòÈÀÇ ÃູÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª Àß
¾Ë·ÁÁ®¼,
±× µÚ·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ±â¶óµµ Çϸé,
±×µéÀÇ
°¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¼Ò¿øÀÌ Àλ縻 ¼Ó¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¡°´ç½Å¿¡°Ô
ÆòȰ¡ ±êµé±â¸¦.¡±
±×·±µ¥ ¿Ö ±×°ÍÀ» ¼³±³Çϴ°¡? |
|
Not only Christians, but pagans, thousands of years ago, all recognized
the evil of war and the blessing of peace. So that the recommendation to
ministers of the Gospel to preach on the evil of war and the blessing of
peace every third Sunday in December is quite superfluous. |
±âµ¶±³ÀÎµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
À̱³µµµé¿¡°Ôµµ,
¼öõ³â
ÀüºÎÅÍ,
¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀüÀïÀÇ ÇØ¾Ç°ú ÆòÈÀÇ ÃູÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù.
±×·¡¼ º¹À½À» ÀüÇÏ´Â ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÌ ¸Å³â 12¿ù ¼¼Â°
ÀÏ¿äÀÏ¿¡ ÀüÀïÀÇ ÇØ¾Ç°ú ÆòÈÀÇ ÃູÀ» ¼³±³Ç϶ó°í
±Ç°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾µµ¥ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The Christian cannot but preach on that subject every day of his life.
If Christians and preachers of Christianity do not do so, there must be
reasons for it. And until these have been removed no recommendations will
be effective. Still less effective will be the recommendations to govern¡©ments
to disband their armies and replace them by inter¡©national boards of
arbitration. Governments, too, know very well the difficulty and the
burdensomeness of raising and maintaining forces, and if in spite of that
knowledge they do, at the cost of terrible strain and effort, raise and
maintain forces, it is evident that they cannot do otherwise, and the
recommendation of the congress can never change it. But the learned
gentlemen are unwilling to see that, and keep hoping to find a political
combination, through which governments shall be induced to limit their
powers themselves. |
±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº ±×ÀÇ»îÀÇ ³ª³¯ÀÌ ±× ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
¼³±³ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ±âµ¶±³Àεé°ú ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ
¼³±³ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é,
±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡
ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ÀÌ ÀÌÀ¯µéÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÇ°í ³ª¸é ¾Æ¹«·±
±Ç°í¸¦ ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±º´ë¸¦ ÇØ»êÇϰí
±×°ÍµéÀ» ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ÁßÀç À§¿øµé·Î ´ëüÇ϶ó°í Á¤ºÎ¿¡
±Ç°íÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ´õ¿í ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Á¤ºÎµéµµ ±º´ë¸¦
ÀÏÀ¸ÄѼ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò°ú ºÎ´ã½º·¯¿òÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª
Àß ¾È´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ
¹«¼¿î ±äÀå°ú ³ë·ÂÀ» ÁöºÒÇϰí¶óµµ,
±×µéÀÌ ±º´ë¸¦
ÀÏÀ¸ÄѼ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ½ÄÀ¸·Î´Â ÇൿÇÒ ¼ö
¾øÀ¸¸ç,
ÆòÈ È¸ÀÇÀÇ ±Ç°íµµ °áÄÚ ±×°ÍÀ» º¯È ½Ãų ¼ö
¾ø´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÇнÄÀÖ´Â ½Å»çµéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°íÀÚ ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù,
±×¸®°í °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ Çù·ÂÀ» ã±â¸¦
Èñ¸ÁÇϸç,
±×°ÍÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© Á¤ºÎµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ±Ç·ÂµéÀ»
±×µé ½º½º·Î Á¦ÇÑÇϵµ·Ï À¯µµµÈ´Ù. |
|
"Can we get rid of war"? asks a learned writer in the Revue des
Revues. "All are agreed that if it were to break out in Europe, its
consequences would be like those of the great inroads of barbarians. The
existence of whole nationalities would be at stake, and therefore the war
would be desperate, bloody, atrocious. |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÀïÀ» ¾ø¾Ù ¼ö°¡ ÀÖÀ»±î?¡±
¾î¶² Áö½ÄÀÎ
ÀÛ°¡°¡ ¸®ºä¸®ºä¿¡¼ ¹¯´Â´Ù. ¡°¸¸ÀÏ ÀüÀïÀÌ À¯·´¿¡¼
¹ß¹ßÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±× °á°úµéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¾öû³ ¼öÀÇ ¾ß¸¸ÀεéÀÌ
ħ·«ÇÑ °Í°ú °°À» °ÍÀÓ¿¡ ¸ðµÎ µ¿ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
Àüü ±¹°¡µéÀÇ
ÁØÀç°¡ À§Çè¿¡ ºüÁö°í,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀüÀïÀº ÇÊ»çÀûÀ̸ç,
À¯Ç÷ÀûÀ̰í,
ÀÜÀÎÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"This consideration, together with the terrible engines of
destruction invented by modern science, retards the moment of declaring
war, and maintains the present temporary situa¡©tion, which might continue
for an indefinite period, except for the fearful cost of maintaining
armaments which are exhausting the European states and threatening to
reduce nations to a state of misery hardly less than that of war itself. |
¡°ÀÌ·± »ý°¢Àº,
Çö´ë °úÇп¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹ß¸íµÈ ¹«¼¿î
ÆÄ±« ¿£Áø°ú ÇÔ²²,
ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±Æ÷ÇÏ´Â ¼ø°£À» Áö¿¬½ÃŲ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÇöÀçÀÇ ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ »óȲÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í
±×°ÍÀº ±â¾à¾ø´Â ±â°£µ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
´Ù¸¸
À¯·´±¹°¡µéÀ» ¼ÒÁøÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
ÀüÀï ±× ÀÚüº¸´Ù °ÅÀÇ
³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Â ºÒÇàÇÑ »óÅ·Π±¹¹ÎµéÀ» ¸ô¾Æ ³ÖÀ¸·Á°í
À§ÇùÇÏ´Â ±º»ç·ÂÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ µå´Â ¹«¼¿î ºñ¿ëÀ»
Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í¼ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"Struck by this reflection, men of various countries have tried to
find means for preventing, or at least for softening, the results of the
terrible slaughter with which we are threatened. |
¡°ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý°¢¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÇô¼,
¿©·¯ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ,
¿ì¸®°¡ À§Çù¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹«¼¿î »ì·úµéÀÇ
°á°úµéÀ» ¿¹¹æÇÏ·Á°í,
¾Æ´Ï Àû¾îµµ ¿ÏȽÃŰ·Á´Â
¹æ¹ýÀ» ãÀ¸·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
"Such are the questions brought forward by the Peace Congress shortly
to be held in Rome, and the publication of a pamphlet, 'Sur le
Desarmement.' |
¡°¹Ù·Î ±×·± °ÍµéÀÌ ·Î¸¶¿¡¼ °ð ¿¸®°Ô µÉ ÆòÈ
ȸÀÇ¿¡¼,
±×¸®°í, ¡®±ººñ Ãà¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¡¯¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ
ÆÊÇ÷¿¿¡¼ Á¦ÃâµÇ´Â ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"It is unhappily beyond doubt that with the present organization of
the majority of European states, isolated from one another and guided by
distinct interests, the abso¡©lute suppression of war is an illusion with
which it would be dangerous to cheat ourselves. Wiser rules and regula¡©tions
imposed on these duels between nations might, how¡©ever, at least limit
its horrors. |
¡°´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯·´ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ÇöÀç ±â±¸´Â ¼·Î¿¡°Ô
°Ý¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÌÀ͵鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ À̲ø¸®°í
ÀÖ¾î¼,
ÀüÀïÀÇ Àý´ëÀû ¾ïÁ¦´Â ¿ì¸® ÀڽŵéÀ»
À§Ç轺·´°Ô ¼ÓÀÌ·ÁÇϴ ȯ»óÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ
ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌÀÇ ÀÌµé °áÅõ¿¡
ºÎ°úµÈ ÁöÇý·Î¿î ¸í·Éµé°ú ±ÔÄ¢µéÀº Àû¾îµµ ±×
°øÆ÷µéÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"It is equally chimerical to reckon on projects of disarma¡©ment, the
execution of which is rendered almost impossible by considerations of a
popular character present to the mind of all our readers. [This probably
means that France can¡©not disband its army before taking its revenge.]
Public opinion is not prepared to accept them, and moreover, the
international relations between different peoples are not such as to make
their acceptance possible. Disarmament imposed on one nation by another in
circumstances threaten¡©ing its security would be equivalent to a
declaration of war. |
¡°±ººñ Ãà¼Ò¶ó´Â °èȹµéÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¿À·ÎÁö
Ȳ´ç¹«°èÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç µ¶ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ´ëÁßÀûÀÎ
¼º°ÝµéÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù¸é °ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. [À̰ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ
ÇÁ¶û½º´Â ±×µéÀÇ º¹¼ö¸¦ ÇàÇϱâ Àü¿¡´Â ±×ÀÇ ±º´ë¸¦
ÇØÃ¼ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.]
¿©·ÐÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ
µéÀÏ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù,
±×¸®°í °Ô´Ù°¡,
»óÀÌÇÑ
»ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ ±¹Á¦ °ü°èµéÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¼ö¿ëÇÔÀ»
°¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀÚ±¹ÀÇ ¾Èº¸¸¦ À§ÇùÇÏ´Â »óȲ¿¡¼
´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Çѳª¶ó¿¡ ºÎ°úµÈ ±ººñ Ãà¼Ò´Â ÀüÀï
¼±¾ð°úµµ ¸Â ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"However, one may admit that an exchange of ideas be¡©tween the
nations interested could aid, to a certain degree, in bringing about the
good understanding indispensable to any negotiations, and would render
possible a considerable reduction of the military expenditure which is
crushing the nations of Europe and greatly hindering the solution of the
social question, which each individually must solve on pain of having
internal war as the price for escaping it externally. |
¡°±×·¯³ª,
°ü·Ã ´ç»ç±¹µé °£¿¡ »ý°¢µéÀ» ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀº,
¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö´Â,
¾î¶² Çù»óµé¿¡ ¾ø¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÉ
ÀÌÇØ¸¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
À¯·´ÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀ»
³»¸® ´©¸£¸ç »çȸÀû ¹®Á¦µéÀÇ ÇØ°áÀ» ½É°¢ÇϰÔ
°¡·Î¸·´Â ±ººñ ÁöÃâÀ» »ó´çÈ÷ °¨ÃàÇÔÀ» °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÒ
°ÍÀ̸ç,
±×µé »çȸÀû ¹®Á¦´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ȸÇÇÇÔ¿¡
´ëÇÑ ´ñ°¡·Î¼ ³»ÀûÀÎ ÀüÀïÀ» °Þ´Â ¾ÆÇÄÀ¸·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã
°¢ÀÚ°¡ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î Ç®¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"We might at least demand the reduction of the enor¡©mous expenses of
war organized as it is at present with a view to the power of invasion
within twenty-four hours and a decisive battle within a week of the
declaration of war. "We ought to manage so that states could not make
the attack suddenly and invade each other's territories within
twenty-four hours." |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ÀüÀï ¼±¾ðÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ 24½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ ħ·«ÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÏÁÖÀÏ À̳»¿¡ °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀüÅõ¸¦ ÇàÇÒ ÈûÀ»
¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇöÀç Á¶Á÷µÈ ¾öû³ ÀüÀï ÁöÃâºñ¿ëÀÇ °¨ÃàÀ»
Àû¾îµµ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ±¹°¡µéÀÌ °©ÀÚ±â
°ø°ÝÇÏ¿© 24
½Ã°£ ³»¿¡ ¼·ÎÀÇ ±¹°æÀ» ħ·«ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï
¿î¿µÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.¡± |
|
This practical notion has been put forth by Maxime du Camp, and his
article concludes with it. The propositions of M. du Camp are as follows:
1. A diplomatic congress to be held every year. 2. No war to be declared
till two months after the inci¡©dent which provoked it. (The difficulty
here would be to decide precisely what incident did provoke the war, since
whenever war is declared there are very many such inci¡©dents, and one
would have to decide from which to reckon the two months' interval.) 3.
No war to be declared before it has be submitted to a plebiscitum of the
nations preparing to take part in it. 4. No hostilities to be commenced
till a month after the official declaration of war. |
ÀÌ·± ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ÁÖÀåÀº ¸·½É µå įÇÁ¿¡ÀÇÇØ
Á¦ÃâµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×ÀÇ ³í¹®Àº ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î °á·ÐÀ» Áþ´Â´Ù.
¸·½É µå įÇÁÀÇ ÁÖÀåµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. 1.
¸Å³â
¿Ü±³È¸Àǰ¡ ¿¸± °Í 2.
ÀüÀïÀ» ¾ß±âÇÑ »ç°ÇµÚ µÎ´Þ µ¿¾È
ÀüÀïÀÌ ¼±Æ÷µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. (¿©±â¼ ¾î·Á¿òÀº Á¤È®È÷ ¾î¶²
»ç°ÇÀÌ ÀüÀïÀ» À¯¹ß½ÃÄ״°¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé,
ÀüÀïÀÌ ¼±Æ÷µÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº ±×·¯ÇÑ
»ç°ÇµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µÎ´ÞÀ̶ó´Â
°£°ÝÀ» °è»êÇÒ Áö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.) 3.
ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü°¡¸¦
ÁغñÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ÅõÇ¥¿¡ ȸºÎÇϱâ Àü¿¡´Â ¾î¶²
ÀüÀïµµ ¼±Æ÷µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. 4.
°ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ÀüÀï ¼±Æ÷°¡ ÀÖÀº
µÚ ÇÑ´Þ À̳»¿¡ ¾î¶² Àû´ë ÇàÀ§µéµµ ½ÃÀ۵ǾÂ
¾ÈµÈ´Ù. |
|
"No war to be declared. No hostilities to be com¡©menced," etc. But
who is to arrange that no war is to be declared? Who is to compel people
to do this and that? Who is to force states to delay their operations for
a certain fixed time? All the other states. But all these others are also
states which want holding in check and keeping within limits, and forcing,
too. Who is to force them, and how? Public opinion. But if there is a
public opinion which can force governments to delay their operations for a
fixed period, the same public opinion can force governments not to declare
war at all. |
¡°¾î¶² ÀüÀïµµ ¼±Æ÷µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¾î¶² Àû´ë ÇàÀ§µéµµ
½ÃÀÛµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù,¡±
µî.
±×·¯³ª ´©°¡ ¾î¶² ÀüÀïµµ ¼±Æ÷µÉ
¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °áÁ¤Çϴ°¡?
´©°¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̰ÍÀ» Ç϶ó
Àú°ÍÀ» ÇÏÁö¸»¶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?
´©°¡ ±¹°¡·Î
ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛÀüµéÀ» Á¤ÇØÁø ±â°£ µ¿¾È Áö¿¬Çϵµ·Ï
°Á¦ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?
´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ±¹°¡µé.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ´Ù¸¥
¸ðµç ±¹°¡µé ¶ÇÇÑ Á¦ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç,
Á¦ÇÑ ¼Ó¿¡ ¹¾î
µÎ¾î¾ß µÇ¸ç,
°Á¦ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Â ±¹°¡µéÀÌ´Ù.
´©°¡ ±×µéÀ» °Á¦ÇÑ´À°¡,
±×¸®°í ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?
¿©·ÐÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ Á¤ºÎµé·ÎÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µéÀÇ
ÇൿµéÀ» ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ¿¬±âÇϵµ·Ï °Á¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¿©·ÐÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
¶È°°Àº ¿©·ÐÀº Á¤ºÎ·ÎÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀüÀïÀ»
ÀüÇô ¼±Æ÷ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï °Á¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
But, it will be replied, there may be such a balance of power, such a ponderation
de forces, as would lead states to hold back of their own accord.
Well, that has been tried and is being tried even now. The Holy Alliance
was noth¡©ing but that, the League of Peace was another attempt at the
same thing, and so on. |
±×·¯³ª,
ÀÀ´äÇϰǴë,
ÈûÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀÌ,
Áï ponderation
de forcesÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿©¼ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ
ÀÚÁøÇÏ¿© ÀÚÁ¦¸¦ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù°í ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±Û½ê,
±×°ÍÀº
½ÃµµµÇ¾ú°í,
½ÉÁö¾î Áö±Ý±îÁö ½ÃµµµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
½Å¼ºµ¿¸Íµµ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×·¯ÇÏ¿´°í,
ÆòÈ ¿¬¸Íµµ ¶ÇÇϳªÀÇ
¶È°°Àº °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÃµµÀ̸ç,
±×·¸°í ±×·± °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But, it will be answered, suppose all were agreed. If all were agreed
there would be no more war certainly, and no need for arbitration either. |
±×·¯³ª,
ÀÀ´äÇϰǴë,
¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµÎ°¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù°í
°¡Á¤Çغ¸¶ó.
¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµÎ°¡ Âù¼ºÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é È®½ÇÀÌ ´õÀÌ»ó
ÀüÀïÀº ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÁßÀçÇÒ ¾Æ¹«·± ÇÊ¿ä ¶ÇÇÑ
¾ø´Ù. |
|
"A court of arbitration! Arbitration shall replace war. Questions
shall be decided by a court of arbitration. The Alabama question was
decided by a court of arbitration, and the question of the Caroline
Islands was submitted to the decision of the Pope. Switzerland, Belgium,
Denmark, and Holland have all declared that they prefer arbitration to
war." |
¡°ÁßÀç ¹ýÁ¤!
ÁßÀç°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ´ëüÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹®Á¦µéÀÌ
ÁßÀç ¹ýÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °áÁ¤µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¾Ë¶ó¹Ù¸¶ ¹®Á¦´Â
ÁßÀç ¹ýÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ij·Ñ¶óÀÎ ¼¶ÀÇ
¹®Á¦µµ ±³È²ÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡ ȸºÎµÇ¾ú´Ù.
½ºÀ§½º,
º§±â¿¡,
µ§¸¶Å©,
±×¸®°í ³×´ú¶õµåµµ ¸ðµÎ ÀüÀﺸ´Ù´Â ÁßÀ縦
¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù. |
|
I dare say Monaco has expressed the same preference. The only
unfortunate thing is that Germany, Russia, Aus¡©tria, and France have not
so far shown the same inclination. It is amazing how men can deceive
themselves when they find it necessary! Governments consent to decide
their disagreements by arbitration and to disband their armies! The
differences between Russia and Poland, between Eng¡©land and Ireland,
between Austria and Bohemia, between Turkey and the Slavonic states,
between France and Ger¡©many, to be soothed away by amiable conciliation! |
³ª´Â ¸ð³ªÄÚµµ ¶È°°Àº °áÁ¤À» Ç¥¸íÇß´Ù°í °¨È÷
¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ºÒÇàÇÑ ÀÏÀº µ¶ÀÏ,
·¯½Ã¾Æ,
¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ,
±×¸®°í ÇÁ¶û½º´Â ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö ¶È°°Àº °æÇâÀ»
º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í
¿©±æ¶§´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¼ÓÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ³î¶ó¿ï
»ÓÀÌ´Ù!
Á¤ºÎµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ºÐÀïµéÀ» ÁßÀç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
ÇØ°áÇϱ⸦ ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ±º´ëµéÀ» ÇØÃ¼Çϱâ·Î
µ¿ÀÇÇÑ´Ù!
·¯½Ã¾Æ¿Í Æú¶õµå,
¿µ±¹°ú ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå,
¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ¿Í º¸Çì¹Ì¾Æ,
Å;îŰ¿Í ½½¶óºê ±¹°¡µé,
ÇÁ¶û½º¿Í µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ºÐÀïµéÀÌ È±â¾Ö¾ÖÇÑ Å¸ÇùÀ¸·Î ¿ÏȵÉ
¼ö°¡ Àֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡! |
|
One might as well suggest to merchants and bankers that they should
sell nothing for a greater price than they gave for it, should undertake
the distribution of wealth for no profit, and should abolish money, as it
would thus be ren¡©dered unnecessary. |
»óÀεé°ú ÀºÇà°¡µé¿¡°Ô,
±×µéÀÌ Á¤ÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº
°¡°Ý¿¡ ÆÈÁö ¸»¶ó,
¾Æ¹«·± ÀÌÀÍ ¾øÀÌ ºÎÀÇ ºÐ¹è¸¦
°¨ÇàÇ϶ó,
±×¸®°í ÈÆó¸¦ ÆóÁöÇ϶ó,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌÁ¦
±×·¡¼ ÈÆó´Â ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ´Â
°Í°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But since commercial and banking operations consist in nothing but
selling for more than the cost price, this would be equivalent to an
invitation to suppress themselves. It is the same in regard to
governments. To suggest to governments that they should not have recourse
to violence, but should decide their misunderstandings in accordance with
equity, is inviting them to abolish themselves as rulers, and that no
government can ever consent to do. |
±×·¯³ª »ó¾÷ ¹× ÀºÇà Ȱµ¿Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ºñ¿ë °¡Ä¡ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î
ÆÇ¸ÅÇϴµ¥ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î,
ÀڽŵéÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Ç϶ó°í ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ´Â
°Í°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Á¤ºÎµé¿¡ °üÇØ¼µµ ¶È°°´Ù.
Á¤ºÎµé¿¡°Ô Æø·Â¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏÁö ¸»°í °øÆòÀ» ±âÇϹǷμ
±×µéÀÇ ¿ÀÇØµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
±×µé¿¡°Ô ½º½º·Î ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÓÀ» Æ÷±âÇ϶ó°í ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ̸ç,
±×¸®°í ¾î¶² Á¤ºÎ¶óµµ °áÄÚ ÀÀÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
The learned men form societies (there are more than a hundred such
societies), assemble in congresses (such as those recently held in London
and Paris, and shortly to be held in Rome), deliver addresses, eat public
dinners and make speeches, publish journals, and prove by every means
possible that the nations forced to support millions of troops are
strained to the furthest limits of their endurance, that the maintenance
of these huge armed forces is in opposition to all the aims, the
interests, and the wishes of the people, and that it is possible,
moreover, by writing numerous papers, and uttering a great many words, to
bring all men into agreement and to arrange so that they shall have no
antagonistic interests, and then there will be no more war. |
ÇнÄÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Üü¸¦ Çü¼ºÇϰí (±×·¯ÇÑ
´ÜüµéÀº ¼ö¹é°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â´Ù),
ȸÀǵé Âü°¡Çϸç (¿¹¸¦
µé¸é,
·±´ø°ú ÆÄ¸®¿¡¼ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¿·È´ø °Íµé,
±×¸®°í
¸ÓÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ·Î¸¶¿¡¼ ¿¸± °Íµé),
°¿¬À» Çϸç,
°ø°ø
¸¸Âù¿¡¼ ½Ä»çÇÏ¸ç ¿¬¼³Çϸç,
ÀâÁö¸¦ ÃâÆÇÇϸç,
±×¸®°í
°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼ ¼ö¹é¸¸¸íÀÇ ±º´ë¸¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï
°¿ä¹Þ´Â ±¹¹ÎµéÀº ±×µé Àγ»ÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ÇѰè±îÁö
´Ã¾îÁ³À¸¸ç,
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¾öû³ ±º´ë¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸ñÀû,
°ü½Éµé,
±×¸®°í Èñ¸Áµé¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¸ç,
±×¸®°í °Ô´Ù°¡,
¹«¼öÇÑ ³í¹®µéÀ» ½á³ª°¡°í,
³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº
¸»À» ÇØ´ëÁö¸¸,
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀǰßÀÏÄ¡¸¦ º¸°Ô Çϰí
Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿©¼ ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¹«·± ¹Ý¸ñÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØµéÀ» °¡ÁöÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀüÀïÀÌ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í Áõ¸íÇÏ·ÁÇÑ´Ù. |
|
When I was a little boy they told me if I wanted to catch a bird I must
put salt on its tail. I ran after the birds with the salt in my hand, but
I soon convinced myself that if I could put salt on a bird's tail, I
could catch it, and realized that I had been hoaxed. |
³»°¡ ¾î¸± ¶§ ±×µéÀº ³»°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ »õ¸¦
Àâ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ±× ²¿¸®¿¡ ¼Ò±ÝÀ» ¹¯Çô¾ß µÈ´Ù°í.
³ª´Â
¼Õ¿¡´Ù ¼Ò±ÝÀ» µé°í¼ »õµéÀ» ÂÑ¾Æ ´Ù³æ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ
³»°¡ »õÀÇ ²¿¸®¿¡ ¼Ò±ÝÀ» ¹¯Èú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ»
Àâ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» °ð ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú°í,
±×¸®°í,
³ª´Â ¼Ó¾Ò´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
|
People ought to realize the same fact when they read books and articles
on arbitration and disarmament. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÁßÀç¿Í ±ººñ Ãà¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¥µé°ú
³í¹®µéÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¶§ ¶È°°Àº »ç½ÇÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
If one could put salt on a bird's tail, it would be because it could
not fly and there would be no difficulty in catching it. If the bird had
wings and did not want to be caught, it would not let one put salt on its
tail, because the specialty of a bird is to fly. In precisely the same way
the specialty of government is not to obey, but to enforce obedience. And
a government is only a government so long as it can make itself obeyed,
and therefore it always strives for that and will never willingly abandon
its power. But since it is on the army that the power of government rests,
it will never give up the army, and the use of the army in war. |
¸¸ÀÏ ´©°¡ »õÀÇ ²¿¸®¿¡ ¼Ò±ÝÀ» ¹¯Èú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
±×
»õ°¡ ³¯ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀ̸ç,
±× »õ¸¦ Àâ´Âµ¥
¾î·Á¿òÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ »õ°¡ ³¯°³°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
ÀâÈ÷±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é,
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ²¿¸®¿¡ ¼Ò±ÝÀ»
¹¯È÷°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »õÀÇ Àü°øÀº ³ª´Â
°ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Á¤È®È÷ ¶È°°Àº ½ÄÀ¸·Î,
Á¤ºÎÀÇ Àü°øÀº
º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º¹Á¾À» °¿äÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
Á¤ºÎ´Â Àڽſ¡°Ô º¹Á¾´çÇϵµ·Ï ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¿À·ÎÁö
Á¤ºÎÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¤ºÎ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ»
À§Çؼ ¾Ö¸¦ ¾µ °ÍÀÌ¸ç °áÄÚ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ±× ±Ç·ÂÀ»
Æ÷±âÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀº ±º´ëÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡,
±×°ÍÀº ±º´ë¸¦,
±×¸®°í ÀüÀï¿¡¼
±º´ëÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» °áÄÚ Æ÷±âÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The error arises from the learned jurists deceiving them¡©selves and
others, by asserting that government is not what it really is, one set of
men banded together to oppress another set of men, but, as shown by
science, is the repre¡©sentation of the citizens in their collective
capacity. They have so long been persuading other people of this that at
last they have persuaded themselves of it; and thus they often seriously
suppose that government can be bound by considerations of justice. But
history shows that from Caesar to Napoleon, and from Napoleon to Bismarck,
government is in its essence always a force acting in viola¡©tion of
justice, and that it cannot be otherwise. Justice can have no binding
force on a ruler or rulers who keep men, deluded and drilled in readiness
for acts of violence-sol¡©diers, and by means of them control others. And
so govern¡©ments can never be brought to consent to diminish the number of
these drilled slaves, who constitute their whole power and importance. |
Á¤ºÎ´Â,
±×°ÍÀÌ »ç½Ç»ó Àִ´ë·ÎÀÇ °Í,
ÇÑ ¹«¸®ÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹«¸®ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ·Á°í ¹¶ÃÄÁø
°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
°úÇп¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ º¸¿© ÁöµíÀÌ,
ÁýÇÕÀûÀÎ
´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÔÀ¸·Î½á
¹Ú½ÄÇÑ ¹ýÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ»
±â¸¸ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿À·ù°¡ ÀϾÙ.
±×µéÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À̰Ϳ¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼³µæÇÏ¿© ¿ÔÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¸¶Ä§³»
±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù;
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀº
ÈçÈ÷ Á¤ºÎ´Â Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ç»óµé·Î¼ ±¸¼ÓµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í
ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô »ó»óÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¿ª»ç´Â ½ÃÀúºÎÅÍ
³ªÆú·¹¿Ë±îÁö,
±×¸®°í ³ªÆú·¹¿ËºÎÅÍ ºñ½º¸¶¸£Å©±îÁö,
Á¤ºÎ´Â ±× º»Áú¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¤ÀǸ¦ À¯¸°ÇÏ´Â
ÈûÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Íµµ ¾Æ´ÔÀ»
º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ Çൿµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Îø¼º¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
¼ÓÀÓÀ» ´çÇϸç ÈÆ·Ã ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé,
Áï º´»çµéÀ» ±¸¼ÓÇϸç,
±×µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ³ª
ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇØ¼ Á¤ÀÇ´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ«ÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ» °¡Áú
¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇϹǷÎ,
Á¤ºÎµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÈÆ·ÃµÈ
³ë¿¹µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚµéÀ» °¨¼Ò½Ã۴µ¥ µû¶óÁú ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
±×µé ³ë¿¹µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Àüü ±Ç·Â°ú Á߿伺À» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. |
|
Such is the attitude of certain learned men to the contra¡©diction
under which our society is being crushed, and such are their methods of
solving it. Tell these people that the whole matter rests on the personal
attitude of each man to the moral and religious question put nowadays to
everyone, the question, that is, whether it is lawful or unlawful for him
to take his share of military service, and these learned gentlemen will
shrug their shoulders and not condescend to listen or to answer you. The
solution of the question in their idea is to be found in reading
addresses, writing books, electing presidents, vice-presidents, and
secretaries, and meeting and speaking first in one town and then in
another. From all this speechifying and writing it will come to pass,
according to their notions, that governments will cease to levy the
soldiers, on whom their whole strength depends, will listen to their
discourses, and will disband their forces, leaving themselves without any
defense, not only against their neighbors, but also against their own
subjects. As though a band of brigands, who have some unarmed travel¡©ers
bound and ready to be plundered, should be so touched by their complaints
of the pain caused by the cords they are fastened with as to let them go
again. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ÇнÄÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿ì¸®
»çȸ°¡ ¹«³ÊÁ® °¡°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ð¼ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅµµÀ̸ç,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
°ÍµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Àüü ¹®Á¦´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
ÁÖ¾îÁø µµ´öÀû ¹× Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ Áú¹®,
Áï,
±×ÀÇ ¸òÀÇ
º´¿ªÀǹ«¸¦ ÀÌÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎÁö ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎÁö¿¡
´ëÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦°¢±â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀΠŵµ¿¡
´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çغ¸¶ó,
±×·¯¸é ÀÌ ¹Ú½ÄÇÑ ½Å»çµéÀº
±×µéÀÇ ¾î±úÀ» ¿òÃ÷¸± °ÍÀÌ¸ç °Å¸¸ÇϰԵµ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸»À»
µéÀ¸·ÁÇϰųª ´äº¯ÇÏ·ÁÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀÇ
»ç»ó¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀº,
°¿¬µéÀ» µè°í,
Ã¥À» Àú¼úÇϸç,
´ëÅë·Éµé,
ºÎ´ëÅë·Éµé,
±×¸®°í ¼±âµéÀ»
¼±ÃâÇϸç,
óÀ½¿£ ÀÌ µµ½Ã¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½¿£ ´Ù¸¥ µµ½Ã¿¡¼
¸ðÀÓÀ» °¡Áö¸ç ¿¬¼³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¿¬¼³ ¸¸µé±â¿Í
Àú¼ú·ÎºÎÅÍ,
±×µéÀÇ °ßÇØµé¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
Á¤ºÎµéÀº
º´»çµéÀ» ¡ÁýÇϱ⸦ ¸ØÃâ °ÍÀ̰í,
±×µé¿¡°Ô Á¤ºÎµéÀÇ
¸ðµç ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ,
±×µéÀÇ °¿¬µéÀ» µéÀ»
°ÍÀ̸ç,
±×µéÀÇ ±º´ëµéÀ» ÇØÁ¦ÇÒ °ÍÀ̰í,
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±×µé
ÀÚ½ÅÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×µé
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ôµµ ¾î¶² ¹æ¾îµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾî
³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡,
ÇÑ ¹«¸®ÀÇ °µµµéÀÌ,
¹«ÀåÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀº ¿©ÇàÀÚµéÀ» ¹°í¼ ¾àÅ»ÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥µµ,
±×µéÀÌ ¹¿© ÀÖ´Â ¿À¶ùÁÙÀÌ °¡ÇÏ´Â °íÅë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ
ºÒÆòµé¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª °¨µ¿ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀ» ´Ù½Ã ³õ¾Æ ÁÖ´Â °Í°ú
°°´Ù. |
|
Still there are people who believe in this, busy themselves over peace
congresses, read addresses, and write books. And governments, we may be
quite sure, express their sym¡©pathy and make a show of encouraging them.
In the same way they pretend to support temperance societies, while they
are living principally on the drunkenness of the people; and pretend to
encourage education, when their whole strength is based on ignorance; and
to support constitu¡©tional freedom, when their strength rests on the
absence of freedom; and to be anxious for the improvement of the condition
of the working classes, when their very existence depends on their
oppression; and to support Christianity, when Christianity destroys all
government. |
¾ÆÁ÷µµ À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç,
ÆòÈ È¸ÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ºÐÁÖÇϸç,
°¿¬µéÀ» µè°í,
Ã¥À» Àú¼úÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
Á¤ºÎµéÀº,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¸Å¿ì È®½ÅÇϰǴë,
±×µéÀÇ µ¿Á¤À»
Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸ç ±×µéÀ» °Ý·ÁÇϴ üÇÑ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¶È°°Àº
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±ÝÁÖ ´ÜüµéÀ» Áö¿øÇϴ ôÇÑ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃëÇÑ »óŸ¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©
»ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ Àüü ±Ç·ÂÀº ¹«Áö¿¡ ±âÃÊÇϰí
ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ±³À°À» Àå·ÁÇϴ ô ÇÑ´Ù;
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ Àüü
±Ç·ÂÀº ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ °á¿©¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÔ¿¡µµ Çå¹ýÀûÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦
º¸ÀåÇϴ ôÇÑ´Ù;
±×¸®°í ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±ÞµéÀÇ »óÅ °³¼±À»
¿°·ÁÇϴ ôÇÏÁö¸¸,
±×µéÀÇ Á¸Àç ÀÚü´Â ±×µéÀ»
¾ï¾ÐÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù;
±×¸®°í ±âµ¶±³°¡ ¸ðµç Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÒ
¶§¿¡µµ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ Áö¿øÇϴ ôÇÑ´Ù. |
|
To be able to do this they have long ago elaborated methods encouraging
temperance, which cannot suppress drunkenness; methods of
supporting-education, which not only fail to prevent ignorance, but even
increase it; methods of aiming at freedom and constitutionalism, which are
no hindrance to despotism; methods of protecting the working classes,
which will not free them from slavery; and a Christianity, too, they have
elaborated, which does not destroy, but supports governments. |
ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ °¡´ÉÅä·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©,
Á¤ºÎµéÀº ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡
±³¹¦ÇÏ°Ô ÁغñÇß´Ù,
±ÝÁÖ¸¦ Àå·ÁÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµé·Î¼
¼úÃëÇÔÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
±³À°À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â
¹æ¹ýµé·Î¼ ¹«ÁöÇÔÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
½ÉÁö¾î´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Áõ°¡½Ã۸ç;
ÀÚÀ¯¿Í Çå¹ý º¸ÀåÁÖÀǸ¦
¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ÆøÁ¤À» ¸·À» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç;
³ëµ¿ÀÚ
°è±ÞµéÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ±×µéÀ» ³ë¿¹ »óÅ¿¡¼
¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ±³¹¦È÷ ÁغñÇß´Ù;
±×¸®°í ±âµ¶±³
¿ª½Ã ±×µéÀÌ ±³¹¦ÇÏ°Ô Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î,
Á¤ºÎµéÀ»
ÆÄ±«Çϱâ´Â Ä¿³ç Áö¿øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Now there is something more for the government to encourage-peace. The
sovereigns, who nowadays take counsel with their ministers, decide by
their will alone whether the butchery of millions is to be begun this year
or next. They know very well that all these discourses upon peace will not
hinder them from sending millions of men to butchery when it seems good to
them. They listen even with satisfaction to these discourses, encourage
them, and take part in them. |
ÀÌÁ¦ Á¤ºÎµé·Î¼´Â Àå·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ Á»´õ ÀÖ´Ù-ÆòȰ¡
±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±ºÁÖµéÀº,
¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â ±×µéÀÇ °¢·áµé¿¡°Ô¼
Á¶¾ðµé µè°í ÀÖ´Â °¡¿îµ¥,
±×µéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¸À¸·Î ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ
µµ»ìÀÌ ¿ÃÇØ ½ÃÀÛµÉ °ÍÀÎÁö ³»³âÀÎÁö °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
ÆòÈ¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¿¬µéÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ´À²¸Áú ¶§
¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» µµ»ìÀåÀ¸·Î º¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·Áö
¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±×µéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×µéÀº
½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌµé °¿¬µéÀ» ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô °æÃ»Çϸç,
±×µéÀ»
Àå·ÁÇϸç,
±×¸®°í ±× ÀÏ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
All this, far from being detrimental, is even of service to
governments, by turning people's attention from the most important and
pressing question: Ought or ought not each man called upon for military
service to submit to serve in the army? |
ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº,
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÁÖÀǸ¦ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ¸ç ´ç¸éÇÑ
¹®Á¦µé·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¹¸²À¸·Î½á,
Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÇØ·Ó±â´Â Ä¿³ç
½ÉÁö¾î´Â µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù:
°¢ÀÚÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±º´ë¿¡
º¹¹«Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© º´¿ªÀǹ«¿¡ ¼ÒÁýµÇ¾î¾ß Çϴ°¡ ¸»¾Æ¾ß
Çϴ°¡? |
|
"Peace will soon be arranged, thanks to alliances and congresses, to
books and pamphlets; meantime go and put on your uniform, and prepare to
cause suffering and to endure it for our benefit," is the government's
line of argu¡©ment. And the learned gentlemen who get up congresses and
write articles are in perfect agreement with it. |
¡°ÆòÈ´Â,
µ¿¸Íµé°ú ȸÀǵé,
Ã¥µé°ú ÆÊÇ÷¿µé
´öÅÃÀ¸·Î,
°ð Á¤ÂøÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù;
±× µ¿¾È ³ª°¡¼ ³ÊÀÇ
Á¦º¹À» ÀÔÀ¸¶ó,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§Çؼ °íÅëÀ»
ÁÖ°í ±×°ÍÀ» Àγ»ÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ Ç϶ó,¡±
´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¤ºÎÀÇ
ÁÖÀå ¹æÄ§ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ȸÀǵéÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ°í ³í¹®µéÀ»
±â°íÇÏ´Â ÇнÄÀÖ´Â ½Å»çµéÀº ±×°Í°ú ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÇÕÀÇÇϰí
ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
This is the attitude of one set of thinkers. And since it is that most
beneficial to governments, it is also the most encouraged by all
intelligent governments. |
À̰ÍÀÌ ÀÏ´ÜÀÇ »ç»ó°¡µéÀÇ ÅµµÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ
Á¤ºÎµé¿¡°Ô °¡Àå ÀÌ·Î¿î °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ,
±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ðµç
ÁöÇý·Î¿î Á¤ºÎµé¿¡ÀÇÇØ¼ Àå·ÁµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Another attitude to war has something tragical in it. There are men who
maintain that the love for peace and the inevitability of war form a
hideous contradiction, and that such is the fate of man. These are mostly
gifted and sensi¡©tive men, who see and realize all the horror and
imbecility and cruelty of war, but through some strange perversion of mind
neither see nor seek to find any way out of this posi¡©tion, and seem to
take pleasure in teasing the wound by dwelling on the desperate position
of humanity. A notable example of such an attitude to war is to be found
in the celebrated French writer Guy de Maupassant. Looking from his yacht
at the drill and firing practice of the French soldiers the following
reflections occur to him: |
ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ŵµµéÀº ±× Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ
¿ä¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÆòÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û°ú ÀüÀïÀÇ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÔÀÌ
¼Ò¸§³¢Ä¡´Â ¸ð¼øÀ» ¸¸µé¸ç ±×°ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ̶ó°í
ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡Àå Àç´ÉÀÖ°í
¿¹¹ÎÇÑ »ç¶÷µé·Î¼,
±×µéÀº ÀüÀïÀÇ ¸ðµç °øÆ÷,
¾î¸®¼®À½
¹× ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ» º¸¸é¼ ±ú´Ý´Â´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ
¿Ö°îÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÔÀåÀ» ¹þ¾î³¯ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ãÁöµµ
±¸ÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀηùÀÇ Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀåÀ»
»ç»öÇÏ¸é¼ »óó¸¦ °Çµå¸®´Â °Í¿¡ Äè¶ôÀ» ã´Â´Ù.
ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÅµµÀÇ µÎµå·¯Áø ¿¹´Â À¯¸íÇÑ
ÇÁ¶û½º ÀÛ°¡ °¡ÀÌ µå ¸ðÆÄ»ó¿¡°Ô¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ
¿äÆ®¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó¼ ÇÁ¶û½º º´»çµéÀÇ ÈÆ·Ã°ú »ç°Ý ¿¬½ÀÀ»
º¸¸é¼,
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »ý°¢µéÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ¶°¿Ã¶ú´Ù: |
|
"When I think only of this word war, a kind of terror seizes upon me,
as though I were listening to some tale of sorcery, of the Inquisition,
some long past, remote abomi¡©nation, monstrous, unnatural. |
¡°³ª´Â ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀ̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§,
ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ
°øÆ÷°¡ ³ª¸¦ »ç·ÎÀâ´Â´Ù,
¸¶Ä¡ ³»°¡ ¾î¶² ¸¶¹ýÀÇ,
À̱³ÀÚ ÀçÆÇ,
¾à°£ ¿À·¡ µÈ °ú°ÅÀÇ ¸Õ Çø¿À½º·¯¿î °Í,
±«¹°°°°í ÀÚ¿¬½º·´Áö ¸øÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱⿡ ±Í¸¦
±â¿ïÀÌ´Â °Í °°´Ù. |
|
"When cannibalism is spoken of, we smile with pride, proclaiming our
superiority to these savages. Which are the savages, the real savages?
Those who fight to eat the conquered, or those who fight to kill, for
nothing but to kill? |
¡°»ìÀÎ ¸¸ÇàÀ» À̾߱âÇÒ ¶§,
¿ì¸®´Â ÀںνÉÀ¸·Î
¹Ì¼ÒÁöÀ¸¸ç,
ÀÌ·± ¾ß¸¸Àο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿ì¿ùÇÔÀ»
ĪÂùÇÑ´Ù.
¾î´À ÂÊÀÌ ¾ß¸¸ÀεéÀΰ¡,
ÁøÂ¥ ¾ß¸¸ÀÎ µéÀΰ¡?
Á¤º¹´çÇÑ ÀÚ¸¦ ¸Ô±â À§Çؼ ½Î¿ì´Â ÀÚµéÀΰ¡,
¾Æ´Ï¸é,
Á×À̱â À§Çؼ,
¿À·ÎÁö Á×À̱â À§Çؼ ½Î¿ì´Â ÀÚµéÀΰ¡? |
|
"The young recruits, moving about in lines yonder, are destined to
death like the flocks of sheep driven by the butcher along the road. They
will fall in some plain with a saber cut in the head, or a bullet through
the breast. And these are young men who might work, be productive and
useful. Their fathers are old and poor. Their mothers, who have loved them
for twenty years, worshiped them as none but mothers can, will learn in
six months' time, or a year perhaps, that their son, their boy, the big
boy reared with so much labor, so much expense, so much love, has been
thrown in a hole like some dead dog, after being dis¡©emboweled by a
bullet, and trampled, crushed, to a mass of pulp by the charges of
cavalry. Why have they killed her boy, her handsome boy, her one hope, her
pride, her life? She does not know. Ah, why? |
¡°ÀþÀº º¸Ã溴µéÀº,
ÀúÂÊÀÇ Àü¼±¿¡¼ ¿òÁ÷À̰í
ÀÖÁö¸¸,
¹éÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±æÀ» µû¶ó¼ ¸ô·Á °¡´Â ¾ç¶¼µé
°°ÀÌ Á×À» ¿î¸íÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ±ºµµ·Î ¸Ó¸®°¡ À߸®°Å³ª
°¡½¿¿¡ ÃѾËÀÌ °üÅëÇÏ¿© Æò¿ø¿¡ ³Ñ¾î Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
À̵éÀº ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¸é »ý»êÀûÀ̸ç À¯ÀÍÇÑ ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöµéÀº ³ªÀ̰¡ µé°í °¡³ÇÏ´Ù.
±×µéÀÇ
¾î¸Ó´Ïµéµµ,
±×µéÀ» À̽ʳ⠵¿¾È »ç¶ûÇßÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀ»
¿À·ÎÁö ¾î¸Ó´Ïµé ¸¸ÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼þ¹è¸¦ ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
À°°³¿ù À̳»¿¡,
¾Æ¸¶µµ ÀÏ ³â³»¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¾Æµé,
±×µéÀÇ
¾Æ´Ï,
±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ¾Ö¸¦ ½á¼ ¾çÀ°ÇÑ Å« ¾ÆÀ̰¡,
±×·¸°Ô
±ÍÁßÇϰí,
±×·¸°Ô »ç¶ûÇ߰Ǹ¸,
Á×Àº °³Ã³·³ ±¸¸Û¿¡
´øÁ®Á®¼,
ÃÑ¿¡ ¸Â¾Æ âÀÚ°¡ ±â¾î ³ª¿À°í,
¹âÈ÷°í,
ºÎ¼Á®¼,
±âº´´ëÀÇ °ø°ÝÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÁ× µ¢¾î¸®°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ»
¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¿Ö ±×³àÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ»,
±×³àÀÇ ¸ÚÁø
¾ÆÀ̸¦,
±×³àÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Èñ¸ÁÀ»,
±×³àÀÇ ÀÚ¶ûÀ»,
±×³àÀÇ
»ý¸íÀ» Á׿´´Â°¡?
±×³à´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
¾Æ´Ï,
¿Ö ±×·±°¡? |
|
"War! fighting! slaughter! massacres of men! And we have now, in our
century, with our civilization, with the spread of science, and the degree
of philosophy which the genius of man is supposed to have attained,
schools for training to kill, to kill very far off, to perfection, great
num¡©bers at once, to kill poor devils of innocent men with fam¡©ilies and
without any kind of trial. |
¡°ÀüÀï!
½Î¿ò!
µµ»ì!
»ç¶÷µéÀ» »ì·úÇÏ´Ù!
±×¸®°í ÀÌÁ¦
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼±â¿¡,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ¸·Î,
°úÇÐÀÇ È®»ê°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ
õÀ缺ÀÌ ´Þ¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾îÀִ öÇÐÀÇ Á¤µµ·Î¼,
Á×À̱â
À§Çؼ,
¸Ö¸®±îÁö,
¿ÏÀüÇϰÔ,
ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ´ë·®À¸·Î
»ì»óÇϱâ À§ÇØ,
¾î¶² ½É¸®µµ °ÅÄ¡Áö ¾Ê°í¼ °¡Á·µéÀ»
°¡Áø ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µé·Î¼ °¡·ÃÇÑ ÀÚµéÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â ±³À°À»
ÇÏ´Â Çб³¸¦ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌÁ¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
"And what is most bewildering is that the people do not rise against
their governments. For what difference is there be¡©tween monarchies and
republics! The most bewildering thing is that the whole of society is not
in revolt at the word war." |
¡°±×¸®°í °¡Àå ´çȤ½º·¯¿î °ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ
Á¤ºÎµéÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±ºÁÖ±¹°¡ µé°ú °øÈ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾î¶² Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ
Àִ°¡!
°¡Àå ´çȤ½º·¯¿î °ÍÀº Àüü »çȸ°¡ ÀüÀïÀ̶ó´Â
¸»¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± |
|
"Ah! we shall always live under the burden of the ancient and odious
customs, the criminal prejudices, the ferocious ideas of our barbarous
ancestors, for we are beasts, and beasts we shall remain, dominated by
instinct and changed by nothing. Would not any other man than Victor Hugo
have been exiled for that mighty cry of deliverance and truth? 'To-day
force is called violence, and is being brought to judgment; war has been
put on its trial. At the plea of the human race, civilization arraigns
warfare, and draws up the great list of crimes laid at the charge of con¡©querors
and generals. The nations are coming to under¡©stand that the magnitude of
a crime cannot be its extenua¡©tion; that if killing is a crime, killing
many can be no extenuating circumstance; that if robbery is disgraceful,
invasion cannot be glorious. Ah! let us proclaim these absolute truths;
let us dishonor war!' |
¡°¾Æ!
¿ì¸®´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÄùÄù¹°í Çø¿À½º·± °ü½Àµé,
¹üÁËÀûÀÎ Æí°ßµé,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ¼±Á¶µéÀÇ ³ÆøÇÑ
»ç»óµé °°Àº Áü ¾Æ·¡¼ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿ì¸®´Â
º»´É¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¹èµÇ¸ç,
¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼µµ º¯ÈµÇÁö
¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î½á,
Áü½ÂµéÀ̸ç,
¿ì¸®´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Áü½ÂÀ¸·Î
¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
´Ù¸§ ¾Æ´Ñ ºòÅ丣 À§°í
Á¶Â÷µµ ÇØ¹æ°ú Áø¸®ÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ ¿ÜħÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼
Ãß¹æµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø°¡? ¡®¿À´Ã³ ÈûÀº Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ºÒ¸®¸ç,
½ÉÆÇÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù;
ÀüÀïÀº ½ÉÆÇ´ë¿¡ ¿Ã·ÁÁ³´Ù.
ÀηùÀÇ
ź¿øÀ¸·Î ¹®¸íÀº ÀüÀïÀÇ Á˸¦ ¹¯´Â´Ù,
±×¸®°í
Á¤º¹ÀÚµé°ú À屺µéÀ» °í¹ßÇÏ´Â ¹üÁ˵鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¹æ´ëÇÑ
¸ñ·ÏµéÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
±¹¹ÎµéÀº ¹üÁËÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ±× Á¤»ó
ÂüÀÛÀÌ µÉ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±ú´Ý±â ½ÃÀÛÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù;
¸¸ÀÏ »ìÀÎÀÌ
¹üÁ˶ó¸é,
¸¹Àº »ç¶÷À» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº °áÄÚ Á¤»óÂüÀÛÀÌ
µÇ´Â »óȲÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù;
¸¸ÀÏ °µµÁúÀÌ ¼öÄ¡½º·´´Ù¸é,
ħ·«Àº ¸í¿¹·Î¿ï ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
¾Æ!
À̰°Àº Àý´ëÀû
Áø¸®µéÀ» ¼±¾ðÇսôÙ;
ÀüÀïÀ» ºÒ¸í¿¹·Î ¿©±é½Ã´Ù!¡¯ |
|
"Vain wrath," continues Maupassant, "a poet's indigna¡©tion.
War is held in more veneration than ever. |
¡°°øÇãÇÑ ºÐ³ëÀÌ´Ù,¡±
¶ó°í ¸ðÆÄ»óÀº °è¼ÓÇÑ´Ù, ¡°Àϰ³
½ÃÀÎÀÇ ºÐ³ëÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
ÀüÀïÀº ¿¹Àüº¸´Ù ´õ¿í Âù¹ÌµÇ¾î
Áø´Ù. |
|
"A skilled proficient in that line, a slaughterer of genius, Von
Moltke, in reply to the peace delegates, once uttered these strange words: |
¡°±× ¹æ¸é¿¡ ¼÷·ÃµÈ ¸íÀÎ,
õÀçÀûÀÎ µµ»ìÀÚÀÎ,
º»
¸ôƮŰ´Â,
ÆòÈ »çÀý´Üµé¿¡°Ô ÀÀ´äÇÏ¿© ÇѹøÀº
À̿Ͱ°ÀÌ ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¸»µéÀ» ³»¹ñ¾Ò´Ù: |
|
"'War is holy, war is ordained of God. It is one of the most sacred
laws of the world. It maintains among men all the great and noble
sentiments-honor, devotion, virtue, and courage, and saves them in short
from falling into the most hideous materialism.' |
¡° ¡®ÀüÀïÀº ¼º½ºŽ–´Ù,
ÀüÀïÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸íÇϽÅ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¼º½º·¯¿î ¹ýµé ÁßÀÇ
ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¸ðµç À§´ëÇϸç
°í±ÍÇÑ °¨Á¤µéÀ» À¯Áö½ÃÄÑ ÁØ´Ù-¸í¿¹,
Çå½Å,
¹Ì´ö,
±×¸®°í ¿ë±â,
±×¸®°í °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»Çؼ ±×µéÀÌ °¡Àå ÃßÇÑ
¹°ÁúÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ºüÁ®µå´Â °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸ÇØÁØ´Ù.¡¯ |
|
"So, then, bringing millions of men together into herds, marching by
day and by night without rest, thinking of nothing, studying nothing,
learning nothing, reading nothing, being useful to no one, wallowing in
filth, sleeping in mud, living like brutes in a continual state of
stupefaction, sacking towns, burning villages, ruining whole populations,
then meeting another mass of human flesh, fall¡©ing upon them, making
pools of blood, and plains of flesh mixed with trodden mire and red with
heaps of corpses, having your arms or legs carried off, your brains blown
out for no advantage to anyone, and dying in some corner of a field while
your old parents, your wife and children are perishing of hunger-that is
what is meant by not falling into the most hideous materialism! |
¡°±×·¡¼,
±×·¸´Ù¸é,
¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇÔ²² ¶¼¸¦
Áö¾î¼,
½¬Áöµµ ¾Ê°í ¹ã°ú ³·À¸·Î Ç౺Çϸç,
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ
»ý°¢Áö ¾Ê°í,
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ °øºÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í,
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹è¿ìÁö
¾Ê°í,
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÀÐÁö ¾Ê°í,
¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
¿À¹° ¼ÓÀ» µß±¼¸ç,
ÁøÈëÅÁ¿¡¼ ÀáÀÚ°í,
²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ¸¶ºñ
»óÅ·ΠÁü½Â°°ÀÌ »ì¸ç,
µµ½ÃµéÀ» ¾àÅ»Çϰí,
¸¶À»µéÀ»
ºÒÅ¿ì¸ç,
Àüü ¹é¼ºµéÀ» ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ°Ô Çϸç,
±×¸®°í³ª¼
´Ù¸¥ ¹«¸®µéÀÇ Àΰ£ÀÇ »ìµ¢¾î¸®µéÀ» ¸¸³ª¸ç,
±×µéÀ§¿¡
³Ñ¾îÁö°í,
ÇÇÀÇ ¿õµ¢ÀÌ¿Í ¹âÇôÁø ÁøÈë¿¡ ¼¯ÀÎ »ìÁ¡µé
±×¸®°í ½Ãü ´õ¹Ìµé·Î ºÓ°Ô ¹°µç Æò¿øµéÀ» ¸¸µé¸ç,
´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ÆÈÀ̳ª ´Ù¸®µéÀÌ ³¯¾Æ°¡°í,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸Ó¸®µéÀÌ
¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é¼ ³¯¾Æ°¡ ¹ö¸®°í,
µéÆÇÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸¼®¿¡¼ Á׾°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ³ë
ºÎ¸ðµé,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³» ±×¸®°í ÀÚ³àµéÀº ¹è°íÇÄÀ¸·Î
Á׾°í ÀÖ´Ù-±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î °¡Àå ÃßÇÑ ¹°ÁúÁÖÀÇ·Î
ºüÁ®µéÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù! |
|
"Warriors are the scourge of the world. We struggle against nature
and ignorance and obstacles of all kinds to make our wretched life less
hard. Learned men-bene¡©factors of all-spend their lives in working, in
seeking what can aid, what be of use, what can alleviate the lot of their
fellows. They devote themselves unsparingly to their task of usefulness,
making one discovery after another, enlarging the sphere of human
intelligence, extending the bounds of science, adding each day some new
store to the sum of knowledge, gaining each day prosperity, ease, strength
for their country. |
¡°º´»çµéÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ °ñÄ¡°Å¸®´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
ºÒ½ÖÇÑ »îÀÌ ´ú Èûµéµµ·Ï ¸¸µé±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ¿¬°ú ¹«Áö¿Í
¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Àå¾ÖµéÀ» ¸Â¼¼ ÅõÀïÇÑ´Ù.
ÇнÄÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀº-¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀڷμ-¹«¾ùÀ» µµ¿Í ÁÙ ¼ö
ÀÖ´ÂÁö,
¹«¾ùÀÌ À¯ÀÍÇÑÁö,
±×µé µ¿·áµéÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ´ú¾î
ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íµé ãÀ¸¸é¼,
±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» ÀÏÇϸé¼
º¸³½´Ù.
¹ß°ß¿¡ ¹ß°ßÀ» °è¼ÓÇϸé¼,
Àΰ£ Áö´ÉÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ»
³ÐÈ÷¸é¼,
°úÇÐÀÇ ÇѰ踦 ³ÐÈ÷¸é¼,
Áö½ÄÀÇ ´õ¹Ì À§¿¡
¾à°£¾¿ »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ» ³ª³¯ÀÌ ´õÇØ°¡¸é¼,
±×µéÀÇ ±¹°¡µé
À§Çؼ ³ª³¯ÀÌ ¹ø¿µ,
¾È¶ô,
ÈûÀ» ´õÇØ °¡¸é¼,
±×µéÀº
À¯ÀÍÇÔÀ» À§ÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ¸öÀ» ¾Æ³¢Áö ¾Ê°í
½º½º·ÎµéÀ» Çå½ÅÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"War breaks out. In six months the generals have destroyed the work
of twenty years of effort, of patience, and of genius. |
¡°ÀüÀïÀº ÀϾÙ.
¿©¼¸´Þ ¾È¿¡ À屺µéÀº À̽ʳâ
µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ³ë·Â,
Àγ» ±×¸®°í õÀ缺ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÆÄ±«ÇØ
¹ö·È´Ù. |
|
"That is what is meant by not falling into the most hideous
materialism. |
¡°±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î °¡Àå ÃßÇÑ ¹°ÁúÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ºüÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â
°ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"We have seen it, war. We have seen men turned to brutes, frenzied,
killing for fun, for terror, for bravado, for ostentation. Then when right
is no more, law is dead, every notion of justice has disappeared. We have
seen men shoot innocent creatures found on the road, and suspected because
they were afraid. We have seen them kill dogs chained at their masters'
doors to try their new revolvers. We have seen them fire on cows lying in
a field for no rea¡©son whatever, simply for the sake of shooting, for a
joke. |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ±×°Í,
ÀüÀïÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
Áü½Âµé·Î º¯Çϰí,
¹ÌÃĹö·Á¼,
Àç¹Ì »ï¾Æ¼,
µÎ·Á¿ö¼,
¿ë±â·Î¼,
ÇãdzÀ¸·Î »ìÀÎÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.
±×·²¶§
´õÀÌ»ó ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀº ¾ø°í,
¹ýÀº Á×Àº °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
¸ðµç
Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ½ÅÁ¶´Â »ç¶óÁ® ¹ö·È´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±æÀ§¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßÇÑ
¹«°íÇÑ Áü½ÂµéÀ» ½î¾Æ Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù,
±×¸®°í
±×µéÀÌ µÎ·Á¿ö Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀǽÉÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×µéÀÌ
ÀڽŵéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ±ÇÃÑÀ» ½ÃÇèÇÏ·Á°í ÁÖÀÎÀÇ ¹®¿¡ ¹ÀÎ
°³µéÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×µéÀÌ µéÆÇ¿¡ ´©¿ö
ÀÖ´Â ¼Òµé¿¡°Ô Á¤¸» ¾Æ¹« ÀÌÀ¯µµ ¾øÀÌ,
¸·¿¬È÷ ½î´Â °Í
ÀÚü¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©,
Àç¹Ì·Î ÃÑÁúÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. |
|
"That is what is meant by not falling into the most hideous
materialism. |
¡°±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î °¡Àå ÃßÇÑ ¹°ÁúÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ºüÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â
°ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"Going into a country, cutting the man's throat who defends his
house because he wears a blouse and has not a military cap on his head,
burning the dwellings of wretched beings who have nothing to eat, breaking
furniture and steal¡©ing goods, drinking the wine found in the cellars,
violating the women in the streets, burning thousands of francs' worth
of powder, and leaving misery and cholera in one's track- |
¡°½Ã°ñ¿¡ µé¾î ¼¸é¼,
ºí¶ó¿ì½º¸¦ ÀÔ°í ¸Ó¸®¿¡
±º¸ð¸¦ ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ÁýÀ» ÁöŰ·Á´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñÀ» º£°í,
¸ÔÀ» °Íµµ ¾ø´Â ºÒ½ÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °ÅóµéÀ» ºÒÅ¿ì¸ç,
°¡±¸¸¦ ºÎ¼ö°í,
¹°°ÇµéÀ» ÈÉÄ¡¸ç,
ÁöÇϽǿ¡¼ ¹ß°ßÇÑ
Æ÷µµÁÖ¸¦ ¸¶½Ã°í,
°Å¸®¿¡¼ ¿©ÀÚµéÀ» °ÌÅ»Çϸç,
¼öõ
ÇÁ¶ûÀÇ °ªÀÌ ³ª°¡´Â ºÐ¸»µéÀ» ºÒÅ¿ì°í,
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ
°¡´Â °÷¿¡ ºÒÇà°ú ÄÝ·¹¶ó¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù- |
|
"That is what is meant by not falling into the most hideous
materialism. |
¡°±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î °¡Àå ÃßÇÑ ¹°ÁúÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ºüÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â
°ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"What have they done, those warriors, that proves the least
intelligence? Nothing. What have they invented? Cannons and muskets. That
is all. "What remains to us from Greece? Books and statues. Is Greece
great from her conquests or her creations? "Was it the invasions of the
Persians which saved Greece from falling into the most hideous
materialism? "Were the invasions of the barbarians what saved and
regenerated Rome? "Was it Napoleon I. who carried forward the great
intel¡©lectual movement started by the philosophers of the end of last
century? "Yes, indeed, since government assumes the right of anni¡©hilating
peoples thus, there is nothing surprising in the fact that the peoples
assume the right of annihilating govern¡©ments. "They defend themselves.
They are right. No one has an absolute right to govern others. It ought
only to be done for the benefit of those who are governed. And it is as
much the duty of anyone who governs to avoid war as it is the duty of a
captain of a ship to avoid shipwreck. "When a captain has let his ship
come to ruin, he is judged and condemned, if he is found guilty of
negligence or even incapacity. "Why should not the government be put on
its trial after every declaration of war? If the people understood
that, if they themselves passed judgment on murderous govern¡©ments, if
they refused to let themselves be killed for nothing, if they would only
turn their arms against those who have given them to them for massacre, on
that day war would be no more. But that day will never come." |
¡°º¸Àß °Í¾ø´Â Áö¼ºÀ» Áõ¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ ±×µé
º´»çµéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ³»¾ú´Â°¡?
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ.
±×µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ»
¹ß¸íÇÏ¿´´Â°¡?
´ëÆ÷µé°ú ¼ÒÃѵé.
±×°ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎ´Ù. ¡°±×¸®½º·ÎºÎÅÍ
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
¼Àûµé°ú Çü»óµé.
±×¸®½º´Â Á¤º¹µé·Î¼ À§´ëÇѰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é âÁ¶µé·Î¼
À§´ëÇѰ¡? ¡°±×¸®½º°¡ °¡Àå ÃßÇÑ ¹°ÁúÁÖÀÇ·Î ºüÁö´Â
°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ Æä¸£½Ã¾ÆÀεéÀÇ Ä§·«µéÀΰ¡? ¡°·Î¸¶¸¦
±¸Çϰí Àç°ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾ß¸¸ÀεéÀÇ Ä§·«µéÀ̾ú´Â°¡? ¡°Áö³
¼¼±â ¸»¿±ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ½ÃÀÛµÈ À§´ëÇÑ ÁöÀûÀÎ
¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ÃßÁøÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ³ªÆú·¹¿Ë 1¼¼ ¿´´Â°¡? ¡°Á¤¸»·Î
±×·¸´Ù,
ÀÌ·¸°Ô Á¤ºÎ°¡ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Àü¸ê½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
ÁÖÀåÇϹǷÎ,
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¤ºÎµéÀ» Àü¸ê½Ãų ±Ç¸®¸¦
ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ÀüÇô ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¡°±×µéÀº
ÀڽŵéÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÑ´Ù.
±×µéÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù.
¾Æ¹«µµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ»
´Ù½º¸± Àý´ëÀûÀÎ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¿À·ÎÁö
ÅëÄ¡¹Þ´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ ±ÇÀÍÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÇàÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
¼±¹ÚÀÇ ¼±ÀåÀÇ Àǹ«°¡ ¹è°¡ ³ÆÄµÊÀ» ÇÇÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀÎ
°Íó·³ ÀüÀïÀ» ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ Àǹ«ÀÌ´Ù.
¡°¼±ÀåÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¹è°¡ ÆÄ¼ÕµÇµµ·Ï µÑ ¶§,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡
Á÷¹«Å¸¸À̳ª ½ÉÁö¾î ¹«´ÉÇÔÀ¸·Î À¯Á˶ó¸é,
±×´Â
½ÉÆÇ¹Þ°í ±â¼ÒµÈ´Ù. ¡°¿Ö Á¤ºÎ´Â,
°¢±â ÀüÀï ¼±¾ðÀÌ
³¡³ µÚ¿¡,
½ÉÆÇ´ë¿¡ ¿Ã·ÁÁö¸é ¾Æ´ÏµÇ´Â°¡?
¸¸ÀÏ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù¸é,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ »ìÀÎÀûÀÎ
Á¤ºÎµé¿¡°Ô ½º½º·Î ½ÉÆÇÀ» ³»·È´Ù¸é,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ
¾µ¸ð¾øÀÌ Á×ÀÓÀ» ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °ÅÁ°ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é,
¸¸ÀÏ
±×µéÀÌ ´ÜÁö ±×µé¿¡°Ô ´ëÇлìÀ» À§ÇØ ¹«±â¸¦ ÁØ
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» µ¹·È´Ù¸é,
¹Ù·Î ±×³¯ ÀüÀïÀº ´õÀÌ »ó
¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.±×·¯³ª ±×³¯Àº °áÄÚ ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± |
|
The author sees all the horror of war. He sees that it is caused by
governments forcing men by deception to go out to slaughter and be slain
without any advantage to them¡©selves. And he sees, too, that the men who
make up the armies could turn their arms against the governments and bring
them to judgment. But he thinks that that will never come to pass, and
that there is, therefore, no escape from the present position. "I think
war is terrible, but that it is inevitable; that compulsory military
service is as inevi¡©table as death, and that since government will always
desire it, war will always exist." |
ÀÛ°¡´Â ÀüÀïÀÇ ¸ðµç °øÆ÷¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×´Â Á¤ºÎ°¡
»ç¶÷µéÀ» ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö·Î¼ °¿äÇÏ¿© ³ª°¡¼ Àڽŵ鿡°Ô
¾Æ¹«·± À̵æÀÌ ¾øÀ½¿¡µµ »ì·úÇÏ°í »ìÇØµÇµµ·Ï ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á
ÀüÀïÀÌ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù.
±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ±º´ë¸¦
±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¹«±âµéÀ» Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ¸Â¼¼
µ¹¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀ» ½ÉÆÇ¿¡ ¿Ã¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ °áÄÚ ÀϾÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í
»ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î,ÇöÀçÀÇ »óȲÀ» ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö°¡
¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°³ª´Â ÀüÀïÀÌ ¹«¼·Áö¸¸,
±×°ÍÀº ÇÇÇÒ
¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù;
°¾ÐÀûÀÎ º´¿ªÀǹ«´Â Á×À½Ã³·³
ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù,
±×¸®°í Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ù¶ó°í
ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î,
ÀüÀïÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¸ÀçÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± |
|
So writes this talented and sincere writer, who is endowed with that
power of penetrating to the innermost core of the subjects which is the
essence of the poetic faculty. He brings before us all the cruelty of the
inconsistency between men's moral sense and their actions, but without
trying to remove it; seems to admit that this inconsistency must exist and
that it is the poetic tragedy of life. |
ÀÌ Àç´ÉÀÖ°í ÁøÁöÇÑ ÀÛ°¡´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù,
±×´Â
½ÃÀûÀÎ ´É·ÂÀÇ Á¤¼öÀÎ ±×µé ÁÖÁ¦ÀÇ °¡Àå ±íÀº Çٽɿ¡
ħÅõÇÏ´Â ÈûÀ» ºÎ¿©¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
±×´Â ¿ì¸®µé ¾Õ¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
µµ´öÀû ÀÚ°¢°ú ±×µéÀÇ Çൿµé »çÀÌÀÇ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÀÇ ¸ðµç
ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù;
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ºÒÀÏÄ¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç ±×°ÍÀÌ
»îÀÇ ½ÃÀûÀÎ ºñ±ØÀ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù. |
|
Another no less gifted writer, Edouard Rod, paints in still more vivid
colors the cruelty and madness of the present state of things. He too only
aims at presenting its tragic features, without suggesting or foreseeing
any issue from the position. |
´Ù¸¥ Àç´ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÀÛ°¡ÀÎ,
¿¡µÎ¾Æ¸£ ·Îµå´Â ÈξÀ´õ
»ý»ýÇÑ »ö±ò·Î¼ ÇöÀçÀÇ »ç¹°ÀÇ »óŸ¦ ±×¸°´Ù.
±×
¿ª½Ãµµ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°ÍÀÇ ºñ±ØÀûÀΠƯ¡¸¸À» ³ªÅ¸³»·Á
³ë¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±× »óÅ¿¡¼ ¾î¶² °á°ú¸¦
Á¦½ÃÇϰųª ¿¹°ßÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
¡°What is the good of doing anything? What is the good of undertaking
any enterprise? And how are we to love men in these troubled times when
every fresh day is a menace of danger? . . . All we have begun, the plans
we are developing, our schemes of work, the little good we may have been
able to do, will it not all be swept away by the tempest that is in
preparation? . . . Everywhere the earth is shaking under our feet and
storm-clouds are gathering on our horizon which will have no pity on us. |
¡°¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀΰ¡?
¾î´ø »ç¾÷À»
Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀΰ¡?
»õ·Î¿î ³¯¸¶³ª À§ÇèÀÇ
Çù¹ÚÀÎ ÀÌ·± È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô
»ç¶÷µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?...
¿ì¸®°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ¸ðµç °Í,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¹ßÀü½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Â °èȹµé,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ °èȹµé,
¿ì¸®°¡ ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø Á¶±×¸¸ À¯À͵é,
´ë±âÇϰí ÀÖ´Â
ÆøÇ³¿ì¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¸ðµÎ ¾µ·Á °¡¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡?...
µµÃ³¿¡¼ Áö±¸´Â ¿ì¸® ¹ß ¾Æ·¡¼ Èçµé¸®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«·± ¿¬¹Îµµ °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼öÆò¼±¿¡
ÆøÇ³ ±¸¸§ÀÌ ¸ðÀ̰í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
"Ah! if all we had to dread were the revolution which is held up as a
specter to terrify us! Since I cannot imagine a society more detestable
than ours, I feel more skeptical than alarmed in regard to that which will
replace it. If I should have to suffer from the change, I should be
consoled by thinking that the executioners of that day were the vic¡©tims
of the previous time, and the hope of something better would help us to
endure the worst. But it is not that remote peril which frightens me. I
see another danger, nearer and far more cruel; more cruel because there is
no excuse for it, because it is absurd, because it can lead to no good.
Every day one balances the chances of war on the morrow, every day they
become more merciless. |
¡°¾Æ!
¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ µÎ·Á¿ö ÇØ¾ßÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ,
¿ì¸®¸¦ ¹«¼·°Ô ÇÒ À¯·ÉÀ¸·Î¼ µé·ÁÁø Çõ¸íÀ̶ó¸é!
³ª´Â
¿ì¸®ÀÇ »çȸº¸´Ù ´õ ¿ª°Ü¿î °ÍÀº »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡,
±×°ÍÀ» ´ëüÇÒ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æ°í¹Þ±â º¸´Ù´Â ´õ¿í
ȸÀÇÀûÀÓÀ» ´À³¤´Ù.
³»°¡ º¯È·ÎºÎÅÍ °íÅë¹Þ¾Æ¾ß
Çß´Ù¸é,
±×³¯ÀÇ ÁýÇàÀÚµéÀº °ú°ÅÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚµéÀ̸ç,
Á»´õ
³ªÀº ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë°¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °ÍÀ» Âüµµ·Ï
µµ¿Í ÁÖ¸®³ª´Â »ý°¢¿¡ À§¾ÈÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ³ª¸¦ ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±×·± ¸Õ À§ÇèÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
³ª´Â °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÈξÀ ´õ ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À§ÇèÀ» º»´Ù;
±×°ÍÀº ´õ¿í ÀÜÀÎÇÏ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â
º¯¸íÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
ºÎÁ¶¸®Çϸç,
¾Æ¹«·± À¯À͵µ ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø±â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
³¯¸¶´Ù,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ³»ÀÏÀÇ ÀüÀïÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ»
ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù,
³¯¸¶´Ù ±×µéÀº ´õ¿í ÀÜÀÎÇØÁø´Ù. |
|
"The imagination revolts before the catastrophe which is coming at
the end of our century as the goal of the progress of our era, and yet we
must get used to facing it. For twenty years past every resource of
science has been ex¡©hausted in the invention of engines of destruction,
and soon a few charges of cannon will suffice to annihilate a whole army.
No longer a few thousands of poor devils, who were paid a price for their
blood, are kept under arms, but whole nations are under arms to cut each
other's throats. They are robbed of their time now (by compulsory
service) that they may be robbed of their lives later. To prepare them for
the work of massacre, their hatred is kindled by per¡©suading them that
they are hated. And peaceable men let themselves be played on thus and go
and fall on one another with the ferocity of wild beasts; furious troops
of peaceful citizens taking up arms at an empty word of command, for some
ridiculous question of frontiers or colonial trade interests-Heaven only
knows what. . . They will go like sheep to the slaughter, knowing all the
while where they are going, knowing that they are leaving their wives,
knowing that their children will want for food, full of misgivings, yet
intoxicated by the fine-sounding lies that are dinned into their ears. They
will march without revolt, passive, resigned- though the numbers and the
strength are theirs, and they might, if they knew how to co-operate
together, establish the reign of good sense and fraternity, instead of
the barbarous trickery of diplomacy. They will march to battle so deluded,
so duped, that they will believe slaughter to be a duty, and will ask the
benediction of God on their lust for blood. They will march to battle
trampling underfoot the harvests they have sown, burning the towns they
have built-with songs of triumph, festive music, and cries of jubilation.
And their sons will raise statues to those who have done most in their
slaughter. |
¡°¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ Áøº¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î¼ ¿ì¸® ¼¼±âÀÇ
¸»¿±¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ´ëÂü»ç ¾Õ¿¡¼ »ó»óÀÌ ¸ö¼¸®Ä£´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×°ÍÀ» Á÷¸éÇÔ¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁ®¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù.
°ú°Å À̽ʳ⠵¿¾È °úÇÐÀ» ÅëÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿øµéÀÌ
ÆÄ±« ¿£ÁøµéÀ» ¹ß¸íÇÔ¿¡ ¼Ò¸ðµÇ¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í °ð ´ëÆ÷ ¸î
¹æÀ̸é Àüü ±º´ë¸¦ Àü¸ê ½ÃŰ±â¿¡ Á·ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´õ
ÀÌ»ó ¼öõ¸íÀÇ ºÒ½ÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ,
±×µéÀÇ ÇÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
´ñ°¡¸¦ ÁöºÒ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç,
¹«ÀåÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í,
Àüü ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ
»ó´ë¹æÀÇ ¸ñÀ» ÀÚ¸£±â À§Çؼ ¹«ÀåÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ÀÌÁ¦
±×µéÀÇ ½Ã°£À» °Å»´çÇÏ¿©¼(°¾ÐÀûÀÎ º´¿ªÀǹ«·Î
ÀÎÇÏ¿©)
³ªÁß¿¡´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¸ñ¼û¸¶Á® °Å»´çÇÑ´Ù.
´ë»ì·ú
ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ±×µéÀ» Áغñ½Ã۱â À§ÇÏ¿©,
±×µéÀÌ Áõ¿À¹Þ°í
ÀÖ´Ù°í ¼³µæÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ Áõ¿À¿¡ ºÒÀÌ ºÑ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
ÆòȽº·¯¿î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ³ó¶ôÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ³ª¾Æ°¡¼
¼·Î¿¡°Ô ³ÆøÇÑ Áü½Âµéó·³ Æ÷¾ÇÇÏ°Ô ´Þ·Áµç´Ù;
ÆòȽº·± ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ ¼º³ ±º´ë°¡,
Àü¹æÀÇ ¾à°£ ¿ô±â´Â
¹®Á¦³ª ½Ä¹ÎÁöÀÇ ±³¿ªÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ ºô¹Ì·Î ÇÏ´Â,
ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â
¸í·É ÇѸ¶µð¿¡ ¹«±â¸¦ µç´Ù-ÇÏ´ÃÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ´Ù...
±×µéÀº µµ»ìµÇ´Â ¾çµéó·³ °¥°ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×µéÀº ±×
¸ðµç °Í¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð·Î °¡´ÂÁö ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù,
±×µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¾Æ³»µéÀ» ¶°³ª°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù,
±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁú °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ´Ù,
°ÆÁ¤ÀÌ °¡µæÂ÷ ÀÖÁö¸¸,
±×µéÀÇ ±Í¿¡ ¸ÛÇϰÔ
¿ï¸®´Â ±×·²µíÇÑ °ÅÁþ¸»¿¡ ÃëÇØÀÖ´Ù.
±×µéÀº
¹ÝÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í,
¼ø¼øÈ÷,
¾äÀüÇÏ°Ô Ç౺ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù-ºñ·Ï
¼ýÀÚ¿¡ À־ª Èû¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ±×µéÀÇ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸,
±×µéÀÌ
¼·Î Çù·ÂÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿î´Ù¸é,
ÁÁÀº °¨Á¤°ú µ¿Æ÷¾Ö¸¦
´©¸®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ü±³¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö
´ë½Å¿¡.
±×µéÀº ±×·¸°Ô ÇöȤÀÌµÇ°í ¼Ó¾Æ¼ ÀüÅõ·Î
Çà±ºÇØ °£´Ù,
°á±¹ ±×µéÀº »ì·úÀ» ±×µéÀÇ Àǹ«·Î ¹Ï°í,
±×µéÀÇ ÇÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å¸Á¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çϳª´Ô²² ÀºÃÑÀ»
³»¸®¶ó°í ±âµµÇÑ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ½É¾î ³õÀº °î½Äµé
¹ß¾Æ·¡ ¹âÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÌ ÁöÀº µµ½Ã¸¦ ºÒÅ¿ì¸é¼ ÀüÅõ¿¡
³ª¾Æ°£´Ù-½Â¸®ÀÇ ³ë·¡µé°ú,
Ãà¹èÀÇ À½¾Ç,
Áñ°Å¿òÀÇ
ȯ¼ºÀ» Áö¸£¸é¼.
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¾ÆµéµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ
»ì·ú¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÈǸ¢Çß´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÇ µ¿»óÀ» ¼¼¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"The destiny of a whole generation depends on the hour in which some
ill-fated politician may give the signal that will be followed. We know
that the best of us will be cut down and our work will be destroyed in
embryo. We know it and tremble with rage, but we can do nothing. We
are held fast in the toils of officialdom and red tape, and too rude a
shock would be needed to set us free. We are enslaved by the laws we set
up for our protection, which have become our oppression. We are but the
tools of that autocratic abstraction the state, which enslaves each
individual in the name of the will of all, who would all, taken
individually, desire exactly the opposite of what they will be made to do. |
¡°Àüü ¼¼´ëÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº Á¶±Ý ºÒ¿îÇÑ Á¤Ä¡°¡°¡ µÚÀÌÀº
½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»´Â ½Ã°£¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡Àå
ÁÁÀº °ÍµéÀº Àß·Á ¹ö¸± °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾÷ÀûÀº Ãʱ⿡
ÆÄ±«µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾È´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í¼ ºÐ³ë·Î
¶²´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â
°ü·áµé°ú °ü·áÁÖÀÇÀÇ °íÅë¿¡ ²Ë ¸Å¿© ÀÖ´Ù,
±×¸®°í
¿ì¸®¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÏ·Á¸é ³Ê¹«³ª Å« Ãæ°ÝÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ·Á°í ¼¼¿î ¹ýµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®À» ¾ï¾ÐÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â
´ÜÁö µ¶ÀçÀû °ü³äÀÇ µµ±¸ÀÏ »ÓÀ̸ç,
±× ±¹°¡´Â,
°¢
°³ÀÎÀ» ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁöÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¿¡¼Ó½Ã۰í,
¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµÎ Á¤È®È÷,
°³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î º»´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®°¡
ÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·É¹ÞÀº °ÍÀÇ Á¤¹Ý´ë¸¦ ¿øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
|
|
"And if it were only a generation that must be sacrificed! But there
are graver interests at stake. |
±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÑ ¼¼´ë ¸¸À̶ó¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã
Èñ»ýµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×°÷¿£ ´õ¿í Áß´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡
°É·Á ÀÖ´Ù: |
|
"The paid politicians, the ambitious statesmen, who exploit the evil
passions of the populace, and the imbeciles who are deluded by
fine-sounding phrases, have so embit¡©tered national feuds that the
existence of a whole race will be at stake in the war of the morrow. One
of the elements that constitute the modern world is threatened, the con¡©quered
people will be wiped out of existence, and whichever it may be, we shall
see a moral force annihilated, as if there were too many forces to work
for good-we shall have a new Europe formed on foundations so unjust, so
brutal, so sanguinary, stained with so monstrous a crime, that it cannot
but be worse than the Europe of today-more iniquitous, more barbarous,
more violent. |
¡°¹ÎÁßµéÀÇ ³ª»Û Á¤¿µéÀ» ¾Ç¿ëÇϰí,
µ·À» ¹Þ´Â
Á¤Ä¡¹èµé,
¾ß¸ÁÀÖ´Â Á¤Ä¡°¡µé,
±×¸®°í ±×·²µíÇÑ
±Ëº¯µé¿¡ ¼Ó´Â ¹Ùº¸µéÀÌ,
³Ê¹«³ª ±¹°¡°£ÀÇ ¹Ý¸ñÀ»
½ÉȽÃÄѼ Àüü ÀηùÀÇ Á¸Àç°¡ ³»ÀÏÀÇ ÀüÀïÀÇ À§±â¿¡
Ã³ÇØÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Çö´ë ¼¼°è¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿ä¼Òµé ÁßÀÇ
Çϳª°¡ À§Çù¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
Á¤º¹´çÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¸Àç¿¡¼
»ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¾î´À ÂÊÀÌ µÇ´õ¶óµµ,
¿ì¸®´Â
µµ´öÀûÀÎ ÈûÀÌ Àü¸êµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ °ÍÀ̸ç,
¸¶Ä¡ ³Ê¹«³ª
¸¹Àº ¼¼·ÂµéÀÌ ¼±À» À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³-¿ì¸®´Â
³Ê¹«³ª ºÎ´çÇϰí,
³Ê¹«³ª ÀÜÀÎÇÑ,
³Ê¹«³ª ÇǸ¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â,
³Ê¹«³ª ±«¹°°°Àº ¹üÁ˵é·Î ¹°µéÀº Åä´ëµé À§¿¡ »õ·Î¿î
À¯·´À» ¼¼¿ö¼,
±×°ÍÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ À¯·´º¸´Ù ´õ¿í ¾ÇÇϸç-´õ¿í
»ç¾ÇÇϸç,
´õ¿í ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀ̸ç,
´õ¿í Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ µÉ ¼ö
¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
"Thus one feels crushed under the weight of an immense
discouragement. We are struggling in a cul de sac with muskets
aimed at us from the housetops. Our labor is like that of sailors
executing their last task as the ship begins to sink. Our pleasures are
those of the condemned victim, who is offered his choice of dainties a
quarter of an hour before his execution. Thought is paralyzed by anguish,
and the most it is capable of is to calculate-interpreting the vague
phrases of ministers, spelling out the sense of the speeches of
sovereigns, and ruminating on the words attrib¡©uted to diplomatists
reported on the uncertain authority of the newspapers-whether it is to be
to-morrow or the day after, this year or the next, that we are to be
murdered. So that one might seek in vain in history an epoch more
insecure, more crushed under the weight of suffering." |
¡°±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿©,
¿ì¸®´Â ±²ÀåÇÑ ½Ç¸ÁÀÇ ¹«°Ô¾Æ·¡
¹«³ÊÁüÀ» ´À³¤´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ÁöºØµé À§¿¡¼¼ÒÃѵéÀÌ
¿ì¸®¸¦ ³ë¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¸·´Ù¸¥ °ñ¸ñ¿¡¼ ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¹è°¡ °¡¶ó ¾É±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§ ¼±¿øµéÀÌ
±×µéÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÔ°ú °°´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ Äè¶ôµéÀº
¼±°í ¹ÞÀº Èñ»ýÀÚÀÇ °Í°ú °°¾Æ¼,
±×µéÀº ±×ÀÇ Ã³Çü
½Ê¿ÀºÐ ÀüÀÇ ¸ÀÀÖ´Â À½½ÄÀ» Á¦°ø¹ÞÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
°íÅëÀ¸·Î
»ý°¢ÀÌ ¸¶ºñµÇ°í,
»ý°¢ÀÌ °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ´ëÇÑÀÇ °ÍÀº
°è»êÇØ º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-Àå°üµéÀÇ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ±Ëº¯µéÀ»
ÇØ¼®Çغ¸°í,
ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¬¼³ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÇÑÀÚ¾¿
Àû¾îº¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ½Å¹®µé¿¡ È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Ãâó·Î¼
º¸°íµÇ´Â ¿Ü±³°üµéÀÇ ¹ß¾ðµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ µÇ»õ±èÁú ÇØº¸¸é¼-¿ì¸®°¡
»ìÇØµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³»ÀÏÀÌ µÉÁö ¸ð·¹°¡ µÉÁö,
¿ÃÇØ°¡ µÉÁö
³»³âÀÌ µÉÁö¸¦ °è»êÇØ º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ¾î¶² ÀÌ´Â
ºÎÁú¾øÀÌ ¿ª»ç»ó¿¡¼ °íÅëÀÇ ¾Ð¹Ú ¾Æ·¡ ÀÖ´ø ´õ¿í´õ
ºÒ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í ¾ï¾Ð¹Þ´Â ½Ã´ë¸¦ ã¾Æº¸±âµµ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± |
|
Here it is pointed out that the force is in the hands of those who work
their own destruction, in the hands of the individual men who make up the
masses; it is pointed out that the source of the evil is the government.
It would seem evident that the contradiction between life and con¡©science
had reached the limit beyond which it cannot go, and after reaching this
limit some solution of it must be found. |
¿©±â¼ ÈûÀº ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÆÄ¸êÀ» ¸¸µé¾î °¡´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼Õ ¾È¿¡,
´ëÁßÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ °³°³ÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼Õ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ÁöÀûµÈ´Ù;
¾ÇÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀº
Á¤ºÎÀÓÀÌ ÁöÀûµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
»î°ú ¾ç½ÉÀÇ °¥µîÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ °¥
¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇѰ迡 µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´À½ÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀÌ
ÇѰ迡 µµ´ÞÇÑ µÚ¿¡´Â ¾î¶² ÇØ´äÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ã¾ÆÁ®¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
But the author does not think so. He sees in this the tragedy of human
life, and after depicting all the horror of the position he concludes that
human life must be spent in the midst of this horror. |
±×·¯³ª ÀÛ°¡´Â ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
±×´Â ¿©±â¼
Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ ºñ±ØÀ» º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±× À§Ä¡ÀÇ ¸ðµç
°øÆ÷µéÀ» ¹¦»çÇÑ µÚ¿¡,
Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °øÆ÷
°¡¿îµ¥¼ Áö³»Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸°´Ù. |
|
So much for the attitude to war of those who regard it as something
tragic and fated by destiny. |
ÀüÀïÀ» ¾î¶² ºñ±ØÀûÀÌ¸ç ¿î¸í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤ÇØÁø °ÍÀ¸·Î
¿©±â´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Åµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇØ
º¸¾Ò´Ù. |
|
The third category consists of men who have lost all con¡©science and,
consequently, all common sense and feeling of humanity. |
¼¼¹øÂ° ¹üÁÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¾ç½ÉÀ» ÀÒ¾î ¹ö·ÈÀ¸¸ç,
°á±¹,
Àηù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀϹÝÀû °¨Á¤°ú ´À³¦À» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸°
»ç¶÷µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. |
|
To this category belongs Moltke, whose opinion has been quoted above by
Maupassant, and the majority of military men, who have been educated in
this cruel superstition, live by it, and consequently are often in all
simplicity convinced that war is not only an inevitable, but even a
necessary and beneficial thing. This is also the view of some civilians,
so-called educated and cultivated people. |
ÀÌ ¹üÁÖ¿¡ ¸ôÆ®Äɰ¡ Æ÷ÇԵǸç,
±×ÀÇ ÀǰßÀº ¸ðÆÄ»óÀÌ
À§¿¡¼ ÀοëÇÏ¿´´Ù,
±×¸®°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±ºÀεéÀº,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·Î ±³À°¹Þ°í¼,
±×°ÍÀ¸·Î »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í °á±¹ ÈçÈ÷ ³Ê¹«³ª ´Ü¼øÇÏ°Ô ÀüÀïÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ»
»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
ÇÊ¿äÇϸç ÀÌ·Î¿î °ÍÀ̶ó°í ³³µæÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ,
¼ÒÀ§ ±³À°¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ±³¾çÀÖ´Â ÀϺÎ
½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ ½Ã°¢ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Here is what the celebrated academician Camille Doucet writes in reply
to the editor of the Revue des Revues, where several letters on war
were published together: |
¿©±â¿¡ Àú¸íÇÑ Çмúȸ ȸ¿øÀÎ Ä«¹ÌÀ¯ µÎ½º°¡
¸®ºä¸®ºä ÁöÀÇ ÆíÁýÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´ë´äÇÏ¿© ¾´ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
ÀüÀï¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸î°¡Áö ÆíÁöµéÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÃâÆÇµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
"dear sir: When you ask the least warlike of acade¡©micians whether
he is a partisan of war, his answer is known beforehand. "Alas! sir, you
yourself speak of the pacific ideal inspir¡©ing your generous compatriots
as a dream. "During my life I have heard a great many good people
protest against this frightful custom of international butchery, which all
admit and deplore; but how is it to be remedied? "Often, too, there have
been attempts to suppress duel¡©ing; one would fancy that seemed an easy
task: but not at all! All that has been done hitherto with that noble
object has never been and never will be of use. "All the congresses of
both hemispheres may vote against war, and against dueling too, but above
all arbitrations, conventions, and legislations there will always be the per¡©sonal
honor of individual men, which has always demanded dueling, and the
interests of nations, which will always demand war. "I wish none the
less from the depths of my heart that the Congress of Universal Peace may
succeed at last in its very honorable and difficult enterprise. "I am,
dear sir, etc., "Camille Doucet." |
¡°»ï°¡ ¾Æ·Þ´Ï´Ù:
±ÍÇϲ²¼ Çмúȸ¿ø Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ºñ
È£ÀüÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±×°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ÁöÁöÇϴ°¡¸¦ ¹°À» ¶§,
±×ÀÇ ´ë´äÀº ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¡°ºÒ½ÖÇϰԵµ,
´ç½Å
ÀÚ½ÅÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³Ê±×·¯¿î µ¿Æ÷µé¿¡°Ô ²Þó·³ °¨¸íÁÖ´Â
ÆòÈÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¡°³ªÀÇ Æò»ýÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿©
³ª´Â ±¹Á¦Àû ÇлìÀÇ ³î¶ó¿î °üÇà¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹Àº
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ç×ÀÇÇϸç,
±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀÎÁ¤Çϸç
ºñÅëÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² ó¹æÀÌ
ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï±î? ¡°¿ª½Ã,
°¡²û,
°áÅõ¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµµéµµ
ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù;
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ½¬¿î ÀÏÀÎ °Íó·³ »ó»óÇÒ
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù:
±×·¯³ª ÀüÇô ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù!
±×·¯ÇÑ °í»óÇÑ
¸ñÀû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿©Å±îÁö ÇàÇØÁø ¸ðµç °ÍÀº °áÄÚ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ
¾ø¾úÀ¸¸ç,
°áÄÚ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡°¾çÂÊ ¹Ý±¸µéÀÇ
¸ðµç ±¹È¸µéÀÌ ÀüÀï¿¡ ±×¸®°í °áÅõ ¿ª½Ã ¹Ý´ë ÅõÇ¥¸¦
ÇÒ°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ÁßÀçµé,
Çù¾àµé,
±×¸®°í ÀÔ¹ýµé¿¡
¾Õ¼¼ ¾ðÁ¦³ª °¢ÀÚÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¸í¿¹¶ó´Â
°ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×°ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª °áÅõ¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿©
¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ÀÌÀ͵鵵 ÀÖÀ¸´Ï,
±×°ÍµéÀº
¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀüÀïÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¡°³ª´Â ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí
³ªÀÇ °¡½¿ ±íÀº °÷¿¡¼ ¸¸±¹ÆòÈȸÀǰ¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ¸Å¿ì
¸í¿¹·Ó°í ¾î·Á¿î »ç¾÷¿¡¼ ¼º°øÇϱ⸦ ±â¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¡°Ä«¹ÌÀ¯
µÎ½º¡± |
|
The upshot of this is that personal honor requires men to fight, and
the interests of nations require them to ruin and exterminate each other.
As for the efforts to abolish war, they call for nothing but a smile. |
ÀÌ ÆíÁöÀÇ ¿äÁö´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ½Î¿ì°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¸í¿¹ÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ÀÌÀ͵éÀÌ ±×µé·Î
ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¼·Î¸¦ ¸ÁÇÏ°Ô Çϰí Àü¸ê½ÃŰ·ÁÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀüÀïÀ» ÆóÁöÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·Âµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â,
±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷
¹Ì¼Ò¸¸ ÁöÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The opinion of another well-known academician, Jules Claretie, is of
the same kind. |
´Ù¸¥ Àú¸íÇÑ Çмúȸ¿ø,
Á٠Ŭ¶ó·¹Æ¼ÀÇ Àǰߵµ ¶È°°Àº
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"dear sir [he writes]: For a man of sense there can be but one
opinion on the subject of peace and war. "Humanity is created to live,
to live free, to perfect and ameliorate its fate by peaceful labor. The
general harmony preached by the Universal Peace Congress is but a dream
perhaps, but at least it is the fairest of all dreams. Man is always
looking toward the Promised Land, and there the harvests are to ripen with
no fear of their being torn up by shells or crushed by cannon wheels. . .
But! Ah! but-- since philosophers and philanthropists are not the controll¡©ing
powers, it is well for our soldiers to guard our frontier and homes, and
their arms, skillfully used, are perhaps the surest guarantee of the peace
we all love. "Peace is a gift only granted to the strong and the reso¡©lute.
"I am, dear sir, etc., "JULES CLARETIE." |
¡°»ï°¡ ¾Æ·Þ´Ï´Ù:
»ó½ÄÀ» Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼ ÆòÈ¿Í
ÀüÀïÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇØ¼´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇѰ¡Áö Àǰ߸¸ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¡°Àηù´Â ÆòȽº·± ³ëµ¿À¸·Î »ì¾Æ°¡¸ç,
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô »ì¸ç,
ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ°í °³¼±Çϵµ·Ï
âÁ¶µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¸¸±¹ÆòÈȸÀÇ¿¡¼ È£¼ÒµÇ´Â º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ
ÈÇÕÀº ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¸¶µµ ²ÞÀ̸ç,
±×·¯³ª Àû¾îµµ ¸ðµç ²Þµé
Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
»ç¶÷Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¾à¼ÓµÈ
¶¥À» ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù,
±×¸®°í °Å±â¼ °î½ÄµéÀº Æ÷źµé¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ Âõ°ÜÁö°Å³ª ´ëÆ÷ ¹ÙÄûµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹¶°³Áú
µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¾øÀÌ À;°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù...
±×·¯³ª ¾Æ!
±×·¯³ª-öÇÐÀÚµé°ú ¹Ú¾ÖÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ ±Ç·ÂµéÀ» ÅëÁ¦Çϰí
ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ º´»çµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¹°æ°ú °¡Á¤À»
ÁöŰ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÕ´Ï´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¹«±âµé,
´É¼÷ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù¸é,
¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ÆòÈÀÇ
°¡Àå È®½ÇÇÑ º¸ÀåÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡°ÆòÈ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ °Çϰí
±»¼¾Àڵ鿡°Ô ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ¼±¹°ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¡°Á٠Ŭ¶ó·¹Æ®¡± |
|
The upshot of this letter is that there is no harm in talk¡©ing about
what no one intends or feels obliged to do. But when it comes to practice,
we must fight. |
ÀÌ ÆíÁöÀÇ ¿äÁö´Â ¾Æ¹«µµ ÀǵµÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç Àǹ«·Î¼
¿©±âÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» Åä·ÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹«·± ÇØ°¡ µÇÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦¿¡ ºÎµúÈ÷¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â
½Î¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
And here now is the view lately expressed by the most popular novelist
in Europe, Emile Zola: |
±×¸®°í ¿©±â¿¡ À¯·´¿¡¼ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ÀÛ°¡ÀÎ ¿¡¹Ð
Á¹¶ó°¡ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Ç¥¸íÇÑ °ßÇØ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù: |
|
"I regard war as a fatal necessity, which appears inevita¡©ble for us
from its close connection with human nature and the whole constitution of
the world. I should wish that war could be put off for the longest
possible time. Nevertheless, the moment will come when we shall be forced
to go to war. I am considering it at this moment from the standpoint of
universal humanity, and making no reference to our mis¡©understanding with
Germany-a most trivial incident in the history of mankind. I say that war
is necessary and bene¡©ficial, since it seems one of the conditions of
existence for humanity. War confronts us everywhere, not only war be¡©tween
different races and peoples, but war too, in private and family life. It
seems one of the principal elements of progress, and every step in advance
that humanity has taken hitherto has been attended by bloodshed. |
¡°³ª´Â ÀüÀïÀ» ¼÷¸íÀûÀÎ ÇÊ¿ä¶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé
±×°ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ º»¼º ¹× ¼¼°èÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ±¸¼º°ú ±ä¹ÐÇÑ
°ü°è·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ.
³ª´Â ÀüÀïÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑÇÑ ¿À·¨µ¿¾È Áö¿¬µÉ ¼ö Àֱ⸦
Èñ¸ÁÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀüÀï¿¡ ³ª°¡¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â ¼ø°£ÀÌ
¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
³ª´Â ÀÌ ¼ø°£ ±×°ÍÀ» º¸ÆíÀû ÀηùÀÇ
°üÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °í·ÁÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
µ¶Àϰú °ü·ÃÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¿ÀÇØ-ÀηùÀÇ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå »ç¼ÒÇÑ »ç°Ç-¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
³ª´Â ÀüÀïÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç ÀÌ·Ó´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº Àηù¸¦ À§ÇÑ Á¸ÀçÀÇ Á¶°Çµé ÁßÀÇ
Çϳª¶ó°í ´À²¸Áö±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀüÀïÀº ¾îµð¿¡¼³ª
¿ì¸®¸¦ ´ë¸éÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù,
ÀÎÁ¾µé°ú »ç¶÷µé °£ÀÇ ÀüÀï »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
»çÀûÀÌ¸ç °¡Á·ÀûÀÎ »î¿¡¼µµ ¿ª½Ã ÀüÀïÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀüÀïÀº Áøº¸ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Òµé ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ °Í °°´Ù,
±×¸®°í Àηù°¡ Áö±Ý±îÁö ¹â¾Æ ¿Â Áøº¸¿¡¼ÀÇ °ÉÀ½¸¶´Ù
À¯Ç÷ÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. |
|
"Men have talked, and still talk, of disarmament, while disarmament
is something impossible, to which, even if it were possible, we ought not
to consent. I am convinced that a general disarmament throughout the world
would involve something like a moral decadence, which would show itself in
general feebleness, and would hinder the pro¡©gressive advancement of
humanity. A warlike nation has always been strong and flourishing. The art
of war has led to the development of all the other arts. History bears wit¡©ness
to it. So in Athens and in Rome, commerce, manu¡©factures, and literature
never attained so high a point of development as when those cities were
masters of the whole world by force of arms. To take an example from times
nearer our own, we may recall the age of Louis XIV. The wars of the Grand
Monarque were not only no hindrance to the progress of the arts and
sciences, but even, on the contrary, seem to have promoted and favored
their develop¡©ment." |
¡°»ç¶÷µéÀº ±ººñ Ãà¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ³íÀÇÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç,
¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³íÀÇÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù,
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±ººñ Ãà¼Ò´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ
¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
ºñ·Ï ±×°ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ,
¿ì¸®´Â
±×°Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
³ª´Â Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ º¸ÆíÀû
±ºÃàÀº µµ´öÀûÀÎ ÅðÁ¶¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϸç,
±×°Í
ÀÚü°¡ º¸ÆíÀû ³ª¾àÇÔÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç,
±×¸®°í ÀηùÀÇ
Áøº¸Àû ÀüÁøÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» È®½ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
È£ÀüÀûÀÎ ±¹°¡´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª °¼ºÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¹ø¿µÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀüÀïÀÇ ±â¼úÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ±â¼úÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ¸·Î À̾îÁ³´Ù.
¿ª»ç°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¾ÆÅ׳ª¿¡¼
±×¸®°í ·Î¸¶¿¡¼,
»ó¾÷,
Á¦Á¶ ¹× ¹®ÇÐÀº,
±×µé µµ½ÃµéÀÌ
¹«±âÀÇ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Àüü ¼¼»óÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§º¸´Ù,
°áÄÚ ³ôÀº ¹ßÀü À§Ä¡±îÁö µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
½Ã´ë¿¡ ±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ ½Ã´ë¸¦ ¿¹¸¦ µç´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â ·çÀÌ14¼¼ÀÇ
½Ã´ë¸¦ ±â¾ïÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À§´ëÇÑ ¿ÕÁ¶ÀÇ ÀüÀïµéÀº
¿¹¼ú°ú °úÇеéÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± Àå¾Ö°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»
»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
½ÉÁö¾î ¹Ý´ë·Î,
±×µéÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» ÁøÈïÇϰí
¾ÖÈ£ÇÏ¿´´ø °Í °°ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ.¡± |
|
¡¡ |
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀüÀïÀº À¯ÀÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù! |
|
So war is a beneficial thing! |
¡¡ |
|
But the best expression of this attitude is the view of the most gifted
of the writers of this school, the academician de Vogue. This is what he
writes in an article on the Military Section of the Exhibition of 1889:
"On the Esplanade des Invalides, among the exotic and colonial
encampments, a building in a more severe style overawes the picturesque
bazaar; all these fragments of the globe have come to gather round the
Palace of War, and in turn our guests mount guard submissively before the
mother building, but for whom they would not be here. Fine sub¡©ject for
the antithesis of rhetoric, of humanitarians who could not fail to whimper
over this juxtaposition, and to say that 'ceci tuera cela,'
that the union of the nations through science and labor will overcome the
instinct of war. Let us leave them to cherish the chimera of a golden age,
which would soon become, if it could be realized, an age of mud. All
history teaches us that the one is created for the other, that blood is
needed to hasten and cement the union of the nations. Natural science has
ratified in our day the mys¡©terious law revealed to Joseph de Maistre by
the intuition of his genius and by meditation on fundamental truths; he
saw the world redeeming itself from hereditary degenera¡©tions by
sacrifice; science shows it advancing to perfection through struggle and
violent selection; there is the state¡©ment of the same law in both,
expressed in different formulas. The statement is disagreeable, no doubt;
but the laws of the world are not made for our pleasure, they are made for
our progress. Let us enter this inevitable, neces¡©sary palace of war; we
shall be able to observe there how the most tenacious of our instincts,
without losing any of its vigor, is transformed and adapted to the varying
exigencies of historical epochs." |
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Åµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀº ÀÌ
ºÎ·ùÀÇ ÀÛ°¡µé Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå Àç´ÉÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼,
Çмúȸ¿øÀÎ µå º¸±×ÀÇ ½Ã°¢ÀÌ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀÌ 1889³â Àü½ÃȸÀÇ
±º»çºÎ¹®¿¡ °üÇÑ ³í¹®¿¡ ±×°¡ ½è´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¡°[º´ÀÚÀÇ
»êÃ¥]¿¡¼,
À̱¹ÀûÀÌ¸ç ½Ä¹ÎÁöÀûÀÎ ¾ß¿µÁöµé »çÀÌ¿¡,
¾ö°ÝÇÑ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÇ °Ç¹°Àº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ½ÃÀåÀ» À§¾ÐÇÑ´Ù;
Àüü Áö±¸ÀÇ ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÆÄÆíµéÀº ÀüÀïÀÇ ±ÃÀü ÁÖÀ§¿¡
¸ð¿©µé¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °´µéÀº ¸ð°Ç¹° ¾Õ¿¡
º¹Á¾ÇÏ¸ç °æºñ¸¦ ¼¹´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» À§Çؼ
¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¼ö»ç¹ý»óÀÇ,
´ëÁ¶°¡ µÇ´Â
ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ëÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ Èå´À³¢¸ç ¡®À̰ÍÀÌ
Àú°ÍÀ» Á׿´´Ù (ceci tuera cela)¡¯
¶ó°í,
°úÇаú
³ëµ¿À» ÅëÇÑ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ °áÇÕÀº ÀüÀïÀÇ º»´ÉÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹Ú¾ÖÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÇ
ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡.
±×µéÀÌ È²±Ý½Ã´ëÀÇ Å°¸Þ¶ó¸¦
¼ÒÁßÈ÷ Çϵµ·Ï ³õ¾ÆµÎÀÚ,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ ±ú´Þ¾Æ Áø´Ù¸é,
°ð ÁøÈëÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¡ µÉ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¸ðµç ¿ª»ç´Â
À̰ÍÀº Àú°ÍÀ» À§ÇØ Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾ú´Ù,
ÇÇ´Â ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀ»
ÀçÃËÇÏ°í ±»°ÔÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä£´Ù.
ÀÚ¿¬ °úÇÐÀº ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ÃµÀçÀû Á÷°ü°ú ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ
Áø¸®µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í»óÀ¸·Î Á¶¼Á µå ¸Þ½ºÅÍ¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø
½ÅºñÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢À» ½ÂÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù;
±×´Â ¼¼»óÀÌ Èñ»ýÀ» ÅëÇÑ
¼¼½ÀÀûÀÎ ¼èÅð·Î¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ȸº¹ÇÑ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù;
°úÇÐÀº
±×°ÍÀÌ ÅõÀï°ú Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿Ï¼ºÀ¸·Î
ÁøÇàÇÑ´Ù°í º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù;
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ °ø½Äµé·Î¼
Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ¶È°°Àº ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±¾ðÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
±× ¼±¾ðÀº
ÀǽÉÇÒ ¹Ù ¾øÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µéÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀÇ
¹ýµéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Äè¶ôÀ» À§Çؼ ¸¸µé¾î ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù,
±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Áøº¸¸¦ À§Çؼ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ÇÇÇÒ
¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ÀüÀïÀÇ ¼º¿¡ µé¾î°¡ÀÚ;
¿ì¸®´Â
°Å±â¼ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿Ï°ÇÑ º»´ÉµéÀÌ,
±× ÈûÀ» ÀÒÁöµµ ¾ÊÀº
ä,
¾î¶»°Ô ¿ª»ç ½Ã´ëµéÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ä±¸µé¿¡ º¯ÇüµÇ¸ç
ÀûÀÀµÇ¾î °¡´ÂÁö¸¦ °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± |
|
M. de Vogue finds the necessity for war, according to his views, well
expressed by the two great writers, Joseph de Maistre and Darwin, whose
statements he likes so much that he quotes them again. |
E. M.
º¸±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ½Ã°¢¿¡ µû¶ó¼,
µÎ ÀÛ°¡µé Á¶¼Á µå
¸¶¸®¿Í ´Ù¾ÆÀ©¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Àß Ç¥ÇöµÈ,
ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Çʿ伺À» ãÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÇ ¼±¾ðµéÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª ÁÁ¾ÆÇϱ⿡
±×´Â ´Ù½Ã ±×µéÀ» ÀοëÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"dear sir [he writes to the editor of the Revue des Revues]:
You ask me my view as to the possible success of the Universal Congress of
Peace. I hold with Darwin that violent struggle is a law of nature which
overrules all other laws; I hold with Joseph de Maistre that it is a
divine law; two different ways of describing the same thing. If by some
impossible chance a fraction of human society-all the civilized West, let
us suppose-were to succeed in suspend¡©ing the action of this law, some
races of stronger instincts would undertake the task of putting it into
action against us: those races would vindicate nature's reasoning
against human reason; they would be successful, because the cer¡©tainty of
peace-I do not say place, I say the certainty of peace-would,
in half a century, engender a corruption and a decadence more destructive
for mankind than the worst of wars. I believe that we must do with war-the
criminal law of humanity-as with all our criminal laws, that is, soften
them, put them in force as rarely as possible; use every effort to make
their application unnecessary. But all the experience of history teaches
us that they cannot be alto¡©gether suppressed so long as two men are left
on earth, with bread, money, and a woman between them. "I should be very
happy if the Congress would prove me in error. But I doubt if it can prove
history, nature, and God in error also. "I am, dear sir, etc. "E.
M. DE VOGUE." |
¡°»ï°¡ ¾Æ·Þ´Ï´Ù[±×´Â ¸®ºä¸®ºä ÁöÀÇ ÆíÁýÀÚ¿¡°Ô
¾´´Ù]:
´ç½ÅÀº Àú¿¡°Ô ¸¸±¹ÆòÈȸÀÇÀÇ ¼º°ø °¡´É¼º¿¡
´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ ½Ã°¢À» ¹¯½À´Ï´Ù.
Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ ÅõÀïÀÌ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥
¹ýµéÀ» »ó¼âÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¬¹ýÀ̶ó´Â ´Ù¾ÆÀ©°ú °ßÇØ¸¦ °°ÀÌ
ÇÕ´Ï´Ù;
³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÅÀÇ ¹ýÀ̶ó´Â Á¶¼Á µå ¸Þ½ºÅÍÀÇ
°ßÇØ¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù;
±×°ÍµéÀº ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀ» ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â
µÎ°¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ±âȸ¿¡
Àΰ£ »çȸ-°¡Á¤ÄÁ´ë,
¸ðµç ¹®¸íÈµÈ À¯·´-ÀÇ ÇÑ ÆÄÆíÀÌ
ÀÌ·± ¹ýÀÇ Àۿ븦 Áö¿¬½Ã۴µ¥ ¼º°øÇϱâ¶óµµ ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
´õ °ÇÑ º»´ÉµéÀ» °¡Áø ¾î¶² ÀÎÁ¾µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇϸç
±×°ÍÀ» ÀÛ¿ë½ÃŰ´Â ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¸ÃÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù:
±× Á¾Á·µéÀº
ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ³í¸®°¡ Àΰ£ÀÇ ³í¸®¿¡ ºñÇØ¼ ¿ÇÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇÒ
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù;
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ÆòÈÀÇ È®½ÇÇÔ-³ª´Â Àå¼Ò¶ó°í
¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù,
³ª´Â ÆòÈÀÇ È®½ÇÇÔÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù-ÀÌ
¹Ý¼¼±â ¸¸¿¡,
°¡Àå ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ÀüÀïµéº¸´Ù ´õ Àηù¿¡°Ô
ÀÖ¾î¼ ÆÄ±«ÀûÀÎ ºÎÆÐ¿Í ¼èÅ𸦠»ý¼ºÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀüÀï-ÀηùÀÇ Çü¹ý-ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç Çü¹ýµéó·³,
Áï,
±×°ÍµéÀ» º¸¿ÏÇϰí
±×°ÍµéÀ» °¡´ÉÇÑÇÑ Àû°Ô Àû¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç;
±×¸®°í
±×°ÍµéÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ºÒÇÊ¿äÇϵµ·Ï ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» ´ÙÇØ¾ß
ÇÔÀ» ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç ¿ª»çÀÇ °æÇèÀº,
Áö»ó¿¡ µÎ
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ³²¾ÒÀ¸¸ç,
±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡ »§°ú,
µ·,
±×¸®°í ÇÑ
¿©ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§Ã³·³,
¿À·§µ¿¾È ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ïÁ¦µÉ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ¡°ÆòÈȸÀǰ¡ ³»°¡ ¿À·ù¿¡
ºüÁ³À½À» Áõ¸íÇÑ´Ù¸é ±â»Ü °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ
¿ª»ç,
º»¼º,
±×¸®°í Çϳª´Ôµµ ¿À·ù¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù°í Áõ¸íÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖÀ» Áö Àǽɽº·´½À´Ï´Ù. ¡°º¸±×¡± |
|
This amounts to saying that history, human nature, and God show us that
so long as there are two men, and bread, money and a woman-there will be
war. That is to say that no progress will lead men to rise above the
savage con¡©ception of life, which regards no participation of bread,
money (money is good in this context) and woman possible without fighting. |
À̰ÍÀº ¿ª»ç,
Àΰ£ÀÇ º»¼º,
±×¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀÌ,
¸¸ÀÏ µÎ
»ç¶÷ ±×¸®°í »§,
µ·,
±×¸®°í ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é-ÀüÀïÀÌ ÀÖÀ»
°ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÔ°ú °°´Ù.
¾î¶² Áøº¸µµ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ
°³³äÀÇ »îº¸´Ù À§·Î Àΰ£µéÀ» ²ø¾î ´ç°Ü ¼¼¿ï ¼ö ¾øÀ½À»
¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ »îÀº ½Î¿òÀ» ÇÏÁö
¾Ê°í´Â »§,
µ· (ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡¼ µ·Àº ÁÁ´Ù)
±×¸®°í ¿©ÀÚ°¡
°³ÀԵǴ °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
They are strange people, these men who assemble in Con¡©gresses, and
make speeches to show us how to catch birds by putting salt on their
tails, though they must know it is impossible to do it. And amazing are
they too, who, like Maupassant, Rod, and many others, see clearly all the
hor¡©ror of war, all the inconsistency of men not doing what is needful,
right, and beneficial for them to do; who lament over the tragedy of life,
and do not see that the whole tragedy is at an end directly men, ceasing
to take account of any unnecessary considerations, refuse to do what is
hate¡©ful and disastrous to them. They are amazing people truly, but those
who, like De Vogue and others, who, professing the doctrine of evolution,
regard war as not only inevitable, but beneficial, and therefore
desirable-they are terrible, hideous, in their moral perversion. The
others, at least, say that they hate evil, and love good, but these openly
declare that good and evil do not exist. |
±×µéÀº ÀÌ»óÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù,
ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆòÈ È¸ÀÇ¿¡
Áý°áÇÏ¿© »õÀÇ ²¿¸®¿¡ ¼Ò±ÝÀ» ¹¯ÈûÀ¸·Î½á »õ¸¦ Àâ´Â
¹æ¹ýÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¿¬¼³À» ÇÑ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±×·¸°Ô
ÇÔÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ³î¶ø´Ù,
±×µéÀº ¸ðÆÄ»ó,
·Îµå ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥
¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéó·³,
ÀüÀïÀÇ ¸ðµç °øÆ÷¸¦,
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇàÇÔ¿¡
ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç,
Á¤´çÇϰí ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â ¸ðµç ¸ð¼øµéÀ» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù;
±×µéÀº »îÀÇ
ºñ±Ø¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ½½ÆÛÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀüÀûÀÎ ºñ±ØÀº
±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù·Î »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Àִٴ°ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù,
À̰ÍÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¶² ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ý°¢µé¿¡ ½Å°æ¾¸À»
±×¸¸µÎ°í,
±×µé¿¡°Ô Áõ¿À½º·´°í Àç¾ÓÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ»
°ÅÀýÇϱ⸦ ±×¸¸µÎ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀº ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î
³î¶ó¿î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª µå º¸±× ¹× ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº
ÁøÈÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇϸé¼,
ÀüÀïÀ» ÇʼöÀûÀÏ »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÌ·Î¿î °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù-±×µéÀº
±×µéÀÇ µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¿Ö°î¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¹«¼¿ì¸ç,
¼Ò¸§³¢Ä£´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº,
Àû¾îµµ ÀڽŵéÀº ¾ÇÀ» ¹Ì¿öÇÏ°í ¼±À»
»ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª À̵éÀº °ø°ø¿¬È÷ ¼±°ú ¾ÇÀº
Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù. |
|
All discussion of the possibility of re-establishing peace instead of
everlasting war-is the pernicious sentimentality of phrasemongers. There
is a law of evolution by which it follows that I must live and act in an
evil way; what is to be done? I am an educated man, I know the law of
evolu¡©tion, and therefore I will act in an evil way. "Entrons au
palais de la guerre." There is the law of evolution, and therefore
there is neither good nor evil, and one must live for the sake of one's
personal existence, leaving the rest to the action of the law of
evolution. This is the last word of refined culture, and with it, of that
overshadowing of con¡©science which has come upon the educated classes of
our times. The desire of the educated classes to support the ideas they
prefer, and the order of existence based on them, has attained its
furthest limits. They lie, and delude themselves, and one another, with
the subtlest forms of decep¡©tion, simply to obscure, to deaden
conscience. |
¿µ¿øÇÑ ÀüÀï ´ë½Å¿¡ Æòȸ¦ ÀçÈ®¸³ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
°¡´É¼ºÀÇ ¸ðµç ³íÀÇ´Â °ø¾ð°¡µéÀÇ ÇØ·Î¿î °¨»óÀû
ÇàÀ§ÀÌ´Ù.
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(Entrons au
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Instead of transforming their life into harmony with their conscience,
they try by every means to stifle its voice. But it is in darkness that
the light begins to shine, and so the light is rising upon our epoch. |
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¶°¿À¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
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