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| CHAPTER I. |
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1
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THE DOCTRINE OF NON-RESISTANCE TO EVIL BY FORCE HAS BEEN
PROFESSED BY A MINORITY OF MEN FROM THE VERY FOUNDATION OF CHRISTIANITY. |
Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®´Â
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Ã¢½Ã ÀÚüºÎÅÍ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
È®¾ðµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®´Â
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Ã¢½Ã ÀÚüºÎÅÍ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
È®¾ðµÇ¾ú´Ù.
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Of the Book "What I
Believe"-The Correspondence Evoked by
it-Letters from Quakers-Garrison's
Declaration-Adin Ballou, his Works,
his Catechism-Helchitsky's "Net of Faith"-The Attitude of the World
to Works Elucidating Christ's Teaching-Dymond's Book "On
War"-Musser's "Non-resistance Asserted"-Attitude of the Government
in 1818 to Men who Refused to Serve in the Army- Hostile Attitude of
Governments Generally and of Liberals to Those who Refuse to Assist in
Acts of State Violence, and their Conscious Efforts to Silence and
Suppress these Manifestations of Christian Non-resistance. |
Àú¼ ¡°³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡¡±
¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©-±×°ÍÀÌ
ºÒ·¯¿Â ¼½Åµé-ÄùÀÌÄ¿µé¿¡°Ô¼ ¿Â ÆíÁö-°Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ¼±¾ð-¾Æµò
¹ß·ç,
±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰ,
±×ÀÇ ±³¸® ¹®´ä-ÇïÄ¡½ºÅ°ÀÇ ¡°½Å¾ÓÀÇ
±×¹°¡±-±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹àÈ÷´Â ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¼¼»óÀÇ Åµµ-´ÙÀ̸óµåÀÇ Àú¼
¡°ÀüÀï¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©¡±-¹«¼ÀÇ
¡°ÁÖÀåµÈ ¹«ÀúÇס±-º´¿ª Àǹ«¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
1818³â Á¤ºÎÀÇ Åµµ-±¹°¡ Æø·Â¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ý¾È¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇϱ⸦
°ÅºÎÇÏ´Â Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ,
Åë»óÀûÀÎ Á¤ºÎµé°ú
ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÇ Àû´ëÀû ŵµ,
±×¸®°í ±âµ¶±³Àû
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ Ç¥¸íÀ» ħ¹¬½ÃŰ°í ¾ï´©¸£·Á´Â ±×µéÀÇ
ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ ³ë·Âµé. |
|
Among the first responses called forth by my book were some letters
from American Quakers. In these letters, expressing their sympathy with my
views on the unlawfulness for a Christian of war and the use of force of
any kind, the Quakers gave me details of their own so-called sect, which
for more than two hundred years has actually professed the teaching of
Christ on non-resistance to evil by force, and does not make use of
weapons in self-defense. The Quakers sent me also their pamphlets,
journals, and books, from which I learnt how they had, years ago,
established beyond doubt the duty for a Christian of fulfilling the
command of non-resistance to evil by force, and had exposed the error of
the Church's teaching in allowing war and capital punishment. |
³ªÀÇ Àú¼¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¦±âµÈ ù¹øÂ° ¹ÝÀÀµé Áß¿¡´Â
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÄùÀÌÄ¿ ±³µµµé¿¡°Ô¼ ¿Â ÆíÁöµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
À̵é
ÆíÁöµé¿¡´Â,
±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹× ¾î¶²
Á¾·ùÀÌµç Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ºÒ¹ý¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ
°ßÇØ¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ °ø°¨À» Ç¥ÇöÇϸé¼,
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀº ¼ÒÀ§
±×µéÀÇ ±³ÆÄ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ³»°Ô ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀº À̹é³â ÀÌ»óÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¹«ÀúÇ׿¡ °üÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» °ø¾ðÇßÀ¸¸ç,
ÀÚ±â
¹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇØ ¹«±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í Çß´Ù.
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ¼ÒÃ¥ÀÚ,
ÀâÁöµé,
±×¸®°í
¼ÀûµéÀ» ³»°Ô º¸³Â´Âµ¥,
±×°Íµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª´Â ±×µéÀÌ
¾î¶»°Ô,
¼ö³â Àü¿¡,
ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇõÇÏ´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ Àǹ«¸¦
È®¸³ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö,
±×¸®°í ÀüÀï°ú »çÇüÀ» Çã¶ôÇÏ´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ Æø·ÎÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
|
In a whole series of arguments and texts showing that war-that is, the
wounding and killing of men-is incon¡©sistent with a religion founded on
peace and good will toward men, the Quakers maintain and prove that
nothing has contributed so much to the obscuring of Christian truth in the
eyes of the heathen, and has hindered so much the diffusion of
Christianity through the world, as the disre¡©gard of this command by men
calling themselves Christians, and the permission of war and violence to
Christians. |
ÀüÀï-´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é,
»ç¶÷µéÀ» »ì»óÇϰí Á×ÀÌ´Â °Í-Àº
»ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÆòÈ¿Í ¼±ÀǸ¦ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÑ Á¾±³¿Í
ºÎÇÕµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â Àüü ½Ã¸®Á ÅëÇÑ
³íÁ¡µé°ú ÁÖÁ¦µé·Î¼,
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀº ±× ¾î´À °Íµµ,
ÀÚĪ
±âµ¶±³ ÀÎÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀÇ
¹«½Ã¿Í,
±âµ¶±³ Àε鿡°Ô ÀüÀï°ú Æø·ÂÀÇ Çã¿ë¸¸Å,
À̹æÀεéÀÇ ´«¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®°¡ Èå·ÁÁ® º¸ÀÌ°Ô Çϰí
Àü ¼¼»ó¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ÀüÆÄ¸¦ °¡·Î ¸·Àº °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù°í
ÁÖÀåÇϸç Áõ¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
"Christ's teaching, which came to be known to men, not by means of
violence and the sword," they say, "but by means of non-resistance to
evil, gentleness, meekness, and peaceableness, can only be diffused
through the world by the example of peace, harmony, and love among its
followers." |
±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº,
Æø·Â°ú Ä®À»
ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×,
¿ÂÈÇÔ,
¿ÂÀ¯ÇÔ,
±×¸®°í ÆòȽº·¯¿òÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍÀ» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÆòÈ¿Í Á¶È ±×¸®°í
»ç¶ûÀÇ º»À» º¸ÀÓÀ¸·Î½á ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀüÆÄµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.¡± |
|
"A Christian, according to the teaching of God him¡©self, can act
only peaceably toward all men, and therefore there can be no authority
able to force the Christian to act in opposition to the teaching of God
and to the principal virtue of the Christian in his relation with his
neighbors." |
¡°±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº,
Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó¼,
¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÆòÈÀûÀ¸·Î Çàµ¿ÇØ¾ß Çϸç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¾î¶²
±Ç·Âµµ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú
ÀÌ¿ôµé°úÀÇ °ü°è¿¡¼ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ´ö¸ñ¿¡
¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ Çϵµ·Ï °¿äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ±Ç·Âµµ
ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.¡± |
|
"The law of state necessity," they say, "can force only those to
change the law of God who, for the sake of earthly gains, try to reconcile
the irreconcilable; but for a Christian who sincerely believes that
following Christ's teaching will give him salvation, such considerations
of state can have no force." |
±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±¹°¡ÀÇ Çʿ伺¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ýÀº,
¼¼»óÀÇ
À̵æÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©,
ŸÇùµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ŸÇùÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µé¸¸À» ¿ÀÁ÷ °Á¦ÇÏ¿© Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô
±¸¿øÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ¹Ï´Â ±âµ¶±³Àο¡°Ô´Â,
±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ °í·ÁµéÀº ¾Æ¹«·± ÈûÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.¡± |
|
Further acquaintance with the labors of the Quakers and their
works-with Fox, Penn, and especially the work of Dymond (published in
1827)-showed me not only that the impossibility of reconciling
Christianity with force and war had been recognized long, long ago, but
that this irreconcilability had been long ago proved so clearly and so
indubitably that one could only wonder how this impossible reconciliation
of Christian teaching with the use of force, which has been, and is still,
preached in the churches, could have been maintained in spite of it. |
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µé°ú ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷µé-Æø½º,
Ææ,
±×¸®°í ƯÈ÷ (1827³â¿¡
ÃâÆÇµÈ)´ÙÀ̸óµåÀÇ ÀÛǰµé-ÀÇ ³ë·Âµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á» ´õ
»ó¼¼ÇÑ Áö½ÄÀº,
±âµ¶±³¸¦ Æø·Â ¹× ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ŸÇùÇÔ¿¡
´ëÇÑ ºÒ°¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¾î ¿ÔÀ» »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
ÀÌ Å¸Çù ºÒ°¡´É¼ºÀº ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ºÐ¸íÇϰÔ
±×¸®°í ³Ê¹«³ª È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô Áõ°ÅµÇ¾î¼,
¾î¶»°Ô
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» Æø·Â°ú ÇÔ²² ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ Å¸ÇùÀÌ
ÀÖ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç,
¾ÆÁ÷µµ Á¸Àç Çϸç,
±³È¸¿¡¼ ¼³±³µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí ÁöÁöµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³î¶ó¿Í
ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ½À» ³»°Ô º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. |
|
In addition to what I learned from the Quakers I received about the
same time, also from America, some information on the subject from a
source perfectly distinct and previously unknown to me. |
³»°¡ ÄùÀÌÄ¿µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Ë°ÔµÈ °Í ¸»°íµµ,
°°Àº ¹«·Æ¿¡,
¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ,
¿ÏÀüÈ÷ º°°³À̸ç Àü¿¡ ³»°Ô
¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â Ãâó·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à°£ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦
¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
|
The son of
William Lloyd
Garrison, the famous champion of the
emancipation of the Negroes, wrote to me that he had read my book, in
which he found ideas similar to those expressed by his father in the year
1838, and that, thinking it would be interesting to me to know this, he
sent me a declaration or proclamation of "non-resistance "drawn up by
his father nearly fifty years ago. |
À¯¸íÇÑ ÈæÀÎ ÇØ¹æÀÇ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚÀÎ Àª¸®¾ö ·ÎÀ̵å
°Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ³ªÀÇ Àú¼¸¦ Àоú´Ù°í ÇÏ¸é¼ ³»°Ô
ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ Àú¼¿¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÎÄ£ÀÌ
1838³âÇ¥ÇöÇÑ °Í°ú À¯»çÇÑ °³³äµéÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù°í Çß´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³»°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é Èï¹Ì·Î¿ï °ÍÀ̶ó°í
»ý°¢Çϸé¼,
°ÅÀÇ ¿À½Ê³â Àü¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ºÎÄ£¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
Á¤¸®µÈ ¡°¹«ÀúÇס±
ÀÇ ¼±¾ð ¶Ç´Â ¼º¸íÀ» ³»°Ô º¸³»¾ú´Ù. |
|
This declaration came about under the following cir¡©cumstances:
William Lloyd Garrison took part in a dis¡©cussion on the means of
suppressing war in the Society for the Establishment of Peace among Men,
which existed in 1838 in America. He came to the conclusion that the
establishment of universal peace can only be founded on the open
profession of the doctrine of non-resistance to evil by violence (Matt. v.
39), in its full significance, as understood by the Quakers, with whom
Garrison happened to be on friendly relations. Having come to this conclu¡©sion,
Garrison thereupon composed and laid before the society a declaration,
which was signed at the time-in 1838-by many members. |
ÀÌ ¼±¾ðÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »óȲ¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Ù:
Àª¸®¾ö
·ÎÀÌµå °Ô¸®½¼Àº [Àΰ£µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÆòÈ Á¤ÂøÀ» À§ÇÑ Çùȸ]¿¡¼
ÀüÀï ¾ïÁ¦ÀÇ ¼ö´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åä·Ð¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù,
±× ¸ðÀÓÀº
1838³â ¹Ì±¹¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇß¾ú´Ù.
±×´Â º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÆòÈÀÇ Á¤ÂøÀº
Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®(¸¶ÅÂ
5:39)¸¦
°ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±¾ðÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ÀÁ÷ ±âÃ浃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇßÀ¸¸ç,
±× ÀÚüÀÇ ¿ÂÀüÇÑ Á߿伺¿¡¼
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀÌ ±ú´ÞÀº °Í°ú °°¾ÒÀ¸¸ç,
°Ô¸®½¼Àº ±×µé°ú
¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ °ü°è°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ
°Ô¸®½¼Àº ±× °á°ú ±× ÇÐȸ ¾Õ¿¡ ÇѰ¡Áö ¼±¾ðÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿©
³»¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ±×¶§-1838³â-¿¡ ¸¹Àº
ȸ¿øµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù.. |
|
"DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS ADOPTED BY THE PEACE CONVENTION. |
¡°ÆòÈ È¸ÀÇ¿¡¼ äÅÃµÈ ÀǰßÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥¡± |
|
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
"boston, 1838. |
¡°1838³â º¸½ºÅæ |
|
"We, the undersigned, regard it as due to ourselves, to the cause
which we love, to the country in which we live, to publish a declaration
expressive of the purposes we aim to accomplish and the measures we shall
adopt to carry forward the work of peaceful universal reformation. |
¡°¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¼¸íÇÑ ¿ì¸®´Â,
¿ì¸®°¡ ´Þ¼ºÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â
¸ñÀû ¹× ÆòÈÀûÀÎ Àü¼¼°è °³Çõ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÃßÁøÇϱâ À§ÇØ
äÅÃÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜµéÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¼±¾ð¹®À» °øÇ¥ÇÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®
ÀÚ½Å,
¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯,
¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡
´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù. |
|
"We do not acknowledge allegiance to any human gov¡©ernment. We
recognize but one King and Lawgiver, one Judge and Ruler of mankind. Our
country is the world, our countrymen are all mankind. We love the land of
our nativity only as we love all other lands. The interests and rights of
American citizens are not dearer to us than those of the whole human race.
Hence we can allow no appeal to patriotism to revenge any national insult
or injury. . . |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ¼ºµµ
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â Àηù¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇϳªÀÇ
¿Õ°ú ÀÔ¹ýÀÚ,
ÇϳªÀÇ ÀçÆÇ°ü°ú ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¹°¡´Â ¼¼°èÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¿Æ÷´Â ¸ðµç ÀηùÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ Áö¹æÀ» »ç¶ûÇϱ⠴빮¿¡
¿ì¸®°¡ ÅÂ¾î³ Áö¹æÀ» »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹
½Ã¹Îµé·Î¼ÀÇ ÀÌÀ͵é°ú ±Ç¸®µéÀº Àüü ÀηùÀÇ
±×°Íµéº¸´Ù ´õ¿í ±ÍÁßÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â
¾î¶² ±¹°¡ÀûÀÎ ¸ð¿åÀ̳ª »óó¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© º¹¼öÇϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² ¾Ö±¹½É¿¡µµ È£¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.... |
|
"We conceive that a nation has no right to defend itself against
foreign enemies or to punish its invaders, and no individual possesses
that right in his own case, and the unit cannot be of greater importance
than the aggregate. If soldiers thronging from abroad with intent to
commit rapine and destroy life may not be resisted by the people or the
magistracy, then ought no resistance to be offered to domestic troublers
of the public peace or of private security. |
"¿ì¸®´Â ÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ¿ø¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿©
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹æ¾îÇϰųª ±×ÀÇ Ä§·«ÀÚµéÀ» ó¹úÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡
¾øÀ¸¸ç,
¾î¶² °³Àεµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±×·¯ÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦
¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏÁö ¸øÇϸç,
´ÜÀ§°¡ ÁýÇÕüº¸´Ù ´õ Å« Áß¿äÇÒ ¼ö°¡
¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
¾àÅ»À» ÀÚÇàÇÏ¸ç »ì»óÀÇ Àǵµ·Î
¿Ü±¹¿¡¼ ¸ô·Á¿À´Â º´»çµéÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ̳ª ÇàÁ¤°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
ÀúÁöµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é,
°ø°øÀÇ ÆòÈ ¶Ç´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ»
À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±¹À» ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ÀúÇ×µµ
ÇàÇØÁ®¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. |
|
"The dogma that all the governments of the world are approvingly
ordained of God, and that the powers that be in the United States in
Russia, in Turkey, are in accord¡©ance with his will, is no less absurd
than impious. It makes the impartial Author of our existence unequal and
tyrannical. It cannot be affirmed that the powers that be in any nation
are actuated by the spirit or guided by the example of Christ in the
treatment of enemies; therefore they cannot be agreeable to the will of
God, and therefore their overthrow by a spiritual regeneration of their
sub¡©jects is inevitable. |
¡°¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô
ÀÓ¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °Í,
±×¸®°í ¹ÌÇÕÁß±¹¿¡,
·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡,
Å;îŰ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±Ç·ÂµéÀº ±×ºÐÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡µÈ´Ù´Â
±³¸®´Â ºÎÁ¶¸®ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÒ°æ½º·´´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®
Á¸ÀçÀÇ °øÁ¤ÇÑ Ã¢Á¶ÁÖ¸¦ ºÒ°øÆòÇÏ¸ç Æø±º°°ÀÌ ¸¸µç´Ù.
¾î¶°ÇÑ ±¹°¡¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀûÀ» ó¸®ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼º·É¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿òÁ÷À̰ųª ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ º»¿¡
ÀÇÇØ ÀεµµÈ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù;
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ ÇÕ´çÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µé
±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ¿µÀûÀÎ °Åµì³²À¸·Î ±×µéÀ» ŸµµÇÔÀÌ
ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. |
|
"We regard as unchristian and unlawful not only all wars, whether
offensive or defensive, but all preparations for war; every naval ship,
every arsenal, every fortification, we regard as unchristian and unlawful;
the existence of any kind of standing army, all military chieftains, all
monu¡©ments commemorative of victory over a fallen foe, all trophies won
in battle, all celebrations in honor of military exploits, all
appropriations for defense by arms; we regard as unchristian and unlawful
every edict of government requiring of its subjects military service. |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â,
°ø°ÝÀûÀ̰ųª ¹æ¾îÀûÀÎ,
¸ðµç ÀüÀïµé »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀüÀïÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç ÁغñµéÀ» ºñ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀ̸ç
ºÒ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù;
¸ðµç ÇÔÁ¤,
¸ðµç ¹«±â °øÀå,
¸ðµç ¿ä»õµéÀ» ºñ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÌ¸ç ºÒ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù;
¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ »óºñ±ºÀÇ Á¸Àç,
¸ðµç ±º ÁöÈÖ°üµé,
¾²·¯Æ®¸° Àû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Â¸®¸¦ ±â³äÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ±â³ä¹°µé,
ÀüÅõ¿¡¼ ¾òÀº ¸ðµç Àü¸®Ç°,
±º»çÀû ¾÷ÀûÀ» ±â¸®´Â ¸ðµç
Âù¾çµé,
±º´ë¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç °æºñµé;
¿ì¸®´Â ±×µéÀÇ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ º´¿ª Àǹ«¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ
¸ðµç ¸í·ÉÀ» ºñ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÌ¸ç ºÒ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"Hence we deem it unlawful to bear arms, and we can¡©not hold any
office which imposes on its incumbent the obli¡©gation to compel men to do
right on pain of imprisonment or death. We therefore voluntarily exclude
ourselves from every legislative and judicial body, and repudiate all
human politics, worldly honors, and stations of authority. If we cannot
occupy a seat in the legislature or on the bench, neither can we elect
others to act as our substitutes in any such capacity. It follows that we
cannot sue any man at law to force him to return anything he may have
wrongly taken from us; if he has seized our coat, we shall surrender him
our cloak also rather than subject him to punishment. |
¡°±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«±â¸¦ ¼ÒÁöÇÔÀ» ºÒ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¿©±â¸ç,
¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °øÁ÷ÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀ¸·Î¼ Åõ¿ÁÀ̳ª Á×À½ÀÇ
°íÅëÀ¸·Î ÀǸ¦ ÇàÇÔÀ» °Á¦ÇÏ´Â Àǹ«¸¦ ºÎ°úÇÏ´Â ¾î¶²
°øÁ÷µµ °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®
ÀڽŵéÀ» ¸ðµç ÀÔ¹ý ¹× ¹ý·ü ±â±¸¿¡¼ ¹èÁ¦Çϸç,
¸ðµç
Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡µé°ú,
¼¼»óÀÇ ¸í¿¹µé,
±×¸®°í ±Ç·ÂÀû ½ÅºÐÀ»
°ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÔ¹ýºÎ³ª ¹ý¿øÀÇ Á¼®À» Â÷ÁöÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» ±×·¯ÇÑ ´É·Â¿¡ ÇÕ´çÇÑ
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ´ë¸®ÀÎÀ¸·Î ³»¼¼¿ï ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µµ
±×°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô¼ ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô »©¾ÑÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» µÇµ¹·Á
¹Þ±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¹ýÁ¤¿¡ °í¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù;
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¿ÊÀ» °¡Áö·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×¸¦ ó¹ú¹Þ°Ô Çϱ⺸´Ù´Â ¿ì¸®´Â
±×¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ÁÅ丶Àú ³»¾î ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"We believe that the penal code of the old covenant- an eye for an
eye, and a tooth for a tooth-has been abro¡©gated by Jesus Christ, and
that under the new covenant the forgiveness instead of the punishment of
enemies has been enjoined on all his disciples in all cases whatsoever. To
extort money from enemies, cast them into prison, exile or execute them,
is obviously not to forgive but to take retribution. |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ¾à¼Ó¿¡ µû¸¥ Çü¹ý-´«¿¡´Â ´«,
±×¸®°í
ÀÌ¿¡´Â ÀÌ-Àº ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÆóÁöµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
»õ·Î¿î ¾à¼Ó¾Æ·¡¼ ¿ø¼ö¸¦ ó¹úÇÔ ´ë½Å¿¡ ¿ë¼°¡ ±×ÀÇ
¸ðµç Á¦ÀÚµé°ú ±âŸ ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡¶óµµ ¸íÇØÁ³´Ù.
ÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ·À» °Å»Çϰí,
±×µéÀ» Åõ¿ÁÇϸç,
±×µéÀ»
Ãß¹æÇϰųª »çÇüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ë¼ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º¸º¹ÇÔÀÌ
¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù. |
|
"The history of mankind is crowded with evidences proving that
physical coercion is not adapted to moral re¡©generation, and that the
sinful dispositions of men can be subdued only by love; that evil can be
exterminated only by good; that it is not safe to rely upon the strength
of an arm to preserve us from harm; that there is great security in being
gentle, long-suffering, and abundant in mercy; that it is only the meek
who shall inherit the earth; for those who take up the sword shall perish
by the sword. "Hence as a measure of sound policy-of safety to property,
life, and liberty-of public quietude and private enjoyment-as well as on
the ground of allegiance to Him who is King of kings and Lord of lords, we
cordially adopt the non-resistance principle, being confident that it
provides for all possible consequences, is armed with omnipotent power,
and must ultimately triumph over every assailing force. |
¡°ÀηùÀÇ ¿ª»ç´Â,
À°Ã¼Àû °¾ÐÀÌ µµ´öÀûÀ¸·Î
°Åµì³²¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á˸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Â
±âÁúÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î¼ °¡¶ó ¾ÉÈú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç;
¾ÇÀº
¿ÀÁ÷ ¼±À¸·Î½á ±ÙÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í;
¿ì¸®¸¦ ÇØ¾ÇÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹«±âÀÇ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¸ç;
¿Â¼øÇÔ,
¿À·¡ ÂüÀº,
±×¸®°í ÀÚºñ°¡ dzºÎÇÔ¿¡
Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¾ÈÀüÀÌ ÀÖ°í;
¶¥À» ¹°·Á ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷
¿ÂÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÓÀ» Áõ¸íÇÏ´Â Áõ°Åµé·Î °¡µæÂ÷ ÀÖ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Ä®À» »©´Â »ç¶÷Àº Ä®·Î¼ ¸ê¸ÁÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¡°±×·¯¹Ç·Î °ÇÀüÇÑ Á¤Ã¥-Àç»ê,
»ý¸í,
¹× ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ º¸Àå-°ø°øÀÇ
¾È³ç°ú °³ÀÎÀÇ Áñ°Å¿ò-ÀÇ ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î½á »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
¿ÕÁßÀÇ ¿ÕÀ̽øç ÁÖ´ÔÁßÀÇ ÁÖ´ÔÀ̽Š±×ºÐ²² µå¸®´Â
Ãæ¼ºÀÇ Åä´ë·Î¼,
¿ì¸®´Â Áø½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ½Å³äÀ»
äÅÃÇϸç,
¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ³»¾îÁÙ
°ÍÀ̸ç,
Àü´ÉÇÑ ÈûÀ¸·Î ¹«ÀåÇϸç,
±×¸®°í ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î
¸ðµç °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â Èû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Â¸®ÇÒ °ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"We advocate no Jacobinical doctrines. The spirit of Jacobinism is
the spirit of retaliation, violence, and murder. It neither fears God nor
regards man. We would be filled with the spirit of Christ. If we abide by
our fundamental principle of not opposing evil by evil we cannot
participate in sedition, treason, or violence. We shall submit to every
ordinance and every requirement of government, except such as are contrary
to the com¡©mands of the Gospel, and in no case resist the operation of
law, except by meekly submitting to the penalty of dis¡©obedience. |
¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶² °ú°ÝÇÑ ±³¸®µµ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
°ú°ÝÁÖÀÇ ¿µÀº º¸º¹,
Æø·Â,
±×¸®°í »ìÀÎÀÇ ¿µÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀ» µÎ·Á¿ö ÇÏÁöµµ »ç¶÷À» Á¸ÁßÇÏÁöµµ
¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¼º·ÉÀ¸·Î Ãæ¸¸ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ÇÀ» ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ´ëÀûÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ½Å³äÀ»
ÁؼöÇÑ´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â ¼±µ¿,
¹è¿ª,
¶Ç´Â Æø·Â¿¡ °¡´ãÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â º¹À½¼ÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí,
Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹ý·É ¹× ¿ä±¸»çÇ×À» º¹Á¾ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç,
ºÒº¹Á¾¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çü¹ú¿¡ ¿ÂÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ¿Ü¿¡ ¾î¶²
°æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¹ýÀÇ ÁýÇà¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"But while we shall adhere to the doctrine of non-resist¡©ance and
passive submission to enemies, we purpose, in a moral and spiritual sense,
to assail iniquity in high places and in low places, to apply our
principles to all existing evil, political, legal, and ecclesiastical
institutions, and to hasten the time when the kingdoms of this world will
have become the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ. It appears to us a
self-evident truth that whatever the Gospel is designed to destroy at any
period of the world, being con¡©trary to it, ought now to be abandoned.
If, then, the time is predicted when swords shall be beaten into
plowshares and spears into pruning hooks, and men shall not learn the art
of war any more, it follows that all who manufacture, sell, or wield these
deadly weapons do thus array them¡©selves against the peaceful dominion of
the Son of God on earth. |
¡°±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ Àûµé¿¡°Ô ¹«ÀúÇ×°ú ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀûÀÎ
º¹Á¾À» °í¼öÇÏ´Â ÇÑÆí,
¿ì¸®´Â µµ´öÀû ¹× ¿µÀûÀÎ
Àǹ̿¡¼,
³ôÀº °÷¿¡¼³ª ³·Àº °÷¿¡¼ ºÒ¹ýÀ» °ø°ÝÇÒ
°ÍÀ̸ç,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Å³äµéÀ» ¸ðµç Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¾Ç,
Á¤Ä¡,
¹ý·ü,
¹× ±³È¸ ±â°üµé¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç,
ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¿Õ±¹µéÀÌ
¿ì¸® ÁÖ´Ô ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ µÉ ¶§¸¦ ÀçÃËÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®·Î¼´Â
º¹À½¼°¡ °í¾ÈµÇ¾î¼ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾î¶² ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ·Á´Â
¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ´õ¶óµµ,
±×°Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é,
Áö±Ý
¹Ýµå½Ã Æ÷±â µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀÌ ÀÚ¸íÇÑ Áø¸®·Î ´À²¸Áø´Ù.
±× ¶§¿¡ ¸¸ÀÏ Ä®µéÀÌ ºÎ¼ö¾îÁ® Àï±â°¡
µÇ°í âµéÀº ÀüÁö¿ë ³´À̵Ǹç,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀüÀï ±â¼úÀ»
´õÀÌ»ó ¹è¿ìÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÉ ¶§°¡ ¿¹°ßµÈ´Ù¸é,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ¹«±âµéÀ» Á¦Á¶Çϰí,
ÆÇ¸ÅÇϰųª »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿© Áö»ó¿¡¼ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ
ÆòȽº·± Áֱǿ¡ ´ëÀûÇÏ¿© ÀڽŵéÀ» ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. |
|
"Having thus stated our principles, we proceed to specify the
measures we propose to adopt in carrying our object into effect. |
¡°ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Å³äµéÀ» ¼±¾ðÇϸé¼,
¿ì¸®´Â
³ª¾Æ°¡¼ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» ½Ç»ýÇϰíÀÚ ¿ì¸®°¡ äÅÃÇϰíÀÚ
Á¦¾ÈÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"We expect to prevail through the Foolishness of Preaching. We shall
endeavor to promulgate our views among all persons, to whatever nation,
sect, or grade of society they may belong. Hence we shall organize public
lectures, circulate tracts and publications, form societies, and petition
every governing body. It will be our leading object to devise ways and
means for effecting a radical change in the views, feelings, and practices
of society respecting the sinfulness of war and the treatment of enemies. |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¼³±³ÀÇ ¾î¸®¼®À½À» ÀÌ±æ °ÍÀ̶ó ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ßÇØµéÀ» ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡,
±×
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â ¾î´À ³ª¶ó,
±³ÆÄ,
¶Ç´Â »çȸ
°èÃþ¿¡µµ ¾Ë¸®°íÀÚ ³ë·ÂÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â
´ëÁß °¿¬À» Á¶Á÷ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç,
¼ÒÃ¥ÀÚ¿Í ÃâÆÇ¹°À» À¯Æ÷ÇÒ
°ÍÀ̸ç,
´Üü¸¦ ¸¸µé°í,
¸ðµç ÅëÄ¡ Á¶Á÷¿¡ ź¿øÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀüÀïÀÇ ¹üÁ˼º°ú ÀûÀÇ Ã³¸®¸¦ ¹è·ÁÇÏ´Â ´ÜüÀÇ
°ßÇØµé,
´À³¦µé,
±×¸®°í °üÇà¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÞÁøÀûÀÎ º¯È¸¦
´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµé°ú ¼ö´ÜÀ» °í¾ÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
ÁÖµÈ ¸ñÀûÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"In entering upon the great work before us, we are not unmindful that
in its prosecution we may be called to test our sincerity even as in a
fiery ordeal. It may subject us to insult, outrage, suffering, yea, even
death itself. We anticipate no small amount of misconception,
misrepresentation, and calumny. Tumults may arise against us. The proud
and pharisaical, the ambitious and tyrannical, princi¡©palities and
powers, may combine to crush us. So they treated the Messiah whose example
we are humbly striving to imitate. We shall not be afraid of their terror.
Our confidence is in the Lord Almighty and not in man. Hav¡©ing withdrawn
from human protection, what can sustain us but that faith which overcomes
the world? We shall not think it strange concerning the fiery trial which
is to try us, but rejoice inasmuch as we are partakers of Christ's
sufferings. |
¡°¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ³õÀÎ À§´ëÇÑ °ú¾÷¿¡ Âø¼öÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼,
±×
½ÇÇà°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ºÒ°ú °°Àº ½Ã·Ã¿¡¼µµ
¿ì¸®ÀÇ Áø½ÇÇÔÀ» ½ÃÇè¹Þ±â À§ÇØ ºÎ¸§À» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ»
¸ð¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸ð¿å,
ºÐ³ë,
°íÅë,
½ÉÁö¾î´Â ÁøÁ¤ Á×À½ ÀÚü¿¡ Ã³ÇØÁú Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â
ÀûÁö¾ÊÀº ¿ÀÇØ¿Í,
Çã¼³°ú ºñ¹æÀ» ¿¹»óÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®¸¦ ÇâÇÑ
¼Ò¿ä°¡ ÀÏ¾î ³¯ Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
¿À¸¸Çϸç À§¼±ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µé,
¾ß¿åÀûÀ̸ç ÀüÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ±ºÁÖµé°ú ±Ç·ÂÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÕ½ÉÇÏ¿©
¿ì¸®¸¦ ºÎ¼ö¾î ¹ö¸± Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
±×·¸°Ô ±×µéÀº
¸Þ½Ã¾ß¸¦ ´ëÁ¢ÇßÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸®´Â ±×ÀÇ º»À» °âÇãÇϰÔ
Èä³»³»°íÀÚ ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×µéÀÇ Å×·¯ÇàÀ§¸¦
µÎ·Á¿ö ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ È®½ÅÀº Àü´ÉÇϽÅ
ÁÖ´Ô¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
Àΰ£ÀÇ º¸È£¿¡¼
¹°·¯³µÀ¸´Ï,
¼¼»óÀ» À̱â´Â ½Å¾Ó ¸»°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦
ÁöÅÊÇϰڴ°¡?
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ºÒÀÇ
½ÃÇè¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª
¿ì¸®°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °íÅë¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÎ ÇÑ
Áñ°Å¿ö ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"Wherefore we commit the keeping of our souls to God. For every one
that forsakes houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or
wife, or children, or lands for Christ's sake, shall receive a
hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. |
¡°¹«¾ùÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ º¸È£¸¦
Çϳª´Ô²² ¸Ã±â´Â°¡.
±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ µû¸£·Á°í ÁýÀ̳ª
ÇüÁ¦³ª ´©À̳ª ¾Æ¹öÁö³ª ¾î¸Ó´Ï³ª ¾Æ³»³ª Àڳ೪ ¶¥À»
¹ö¸®´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹é¹è³ª ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¿µ¿øÇÑ
»ý¸íÀ» ¹°·Á ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"Firmly relying upon the certain and universal triumph of the
sentiments contained in this declaration, however formidable may be the
opposition arrayed against them, we hereby affix our signatures to it;
commending it to the reason and conscience of mankind, and resolving, in
the strength of the Lord God, to calmly and meekly abide the issue." |
¡°ÀÌ ¼±¾ð¿¡ ´ã°ÜÀÖ´Â °ßÇØÀÇ È®½ÇÇÏ¸ç º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ
½Â¸®¸¦ ±»°Ô ¹ÏÀ¸¸é¼,
±×°Íµé¿¡ ÇâÇØÁö´Â ¹Ý´ë°¡
¾Æ¹«¸® ¹«¼¿ï Áö¶óµµ,
¿ì¸®´Â ¿©±â¼ ±×°Í¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¼¸íÀ» ³¯ÀÎÇÑ´Ù;
±×°ÍÀ» ÀηùÀÇ À̼º°ú ¾ç½É¿¡ ¸Ã±ä´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÁÖ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±Ç´É ¾È¿¡¼ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ±×¸®°í
¿ÂÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô ±× °á°ú¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ °ÍÀ» °á½ÉÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡± |
|
|
|
Immediately after this declaration a Society for Non-resistance was
founded by Garrison, and a journal called the Non-resistant, in
which the doctrine of non-resistance was advocated in its full
significance and in all its consequences, as it had been expounded in the
declaration. Further information as to the ultimate destiny of the society
and the journal I gained from the excellent biography of W. L. Garrison,
the work of his son. |
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼±¾ðÀÌ ÀÖÀº Á÷ÈÄ ¹«ÀúÇ×À» À§ÇÑ Çùȸ°¡
°Ô¸®½¼¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ â½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í [¹«ÀúÇ×]À̶õ
ÀâÁö°¡ â°£µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥,
±× ÀâÁö¿¡¼ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®°¡,
¼±¾ð¼¿¡¼ ¼³¸íµÈ ¹Ù´ë·Î,
±× ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ±× ¸ðµç
Á߿伺À¸·Î¼ ÁÖâµÇ¾ú´Ù.
±× Çùȸ¿Í ÀâÁöÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ
¿î¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ª´Â,
±×ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ ÀÛǰÀÎ
Àª¸®¾ö ·ÎÀÌµå °Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Àü±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. |
|
The society and the journal did not exist for long. The greater number
of Garrison's fellow-workers in the movement for the liberation of the
slaves, fearing that the too radical programme of the journal, the Non-resistant,
might keep people away from the practical work of Negro emancipation, gave
up the profession of the principle of non-resistance as it had been
expressed in the declaration, and both society and journal ceased to
exist. |
±× Çùȸ¿Í ÀâÁö´Â ±×¸® ¿À·¡ °¡Áö ¸øÇß´Ù.
³ë¿¹ ÇØ¹æ
¿îµ¿¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ ´õ¿í ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ °Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ µ¿·á Àϲ۵éÀº,
ÀâÁö [¹«ÀúÇ×]ÀÇ ³Ê¹« ±ÞÁøÀûÀÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÈæÀÎ ÇØ¹æÀÇ
½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÂѾƹö¸±±îºÁ
µÎ·Á¿ö¼,
¼±¾ð¼¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÈ ¹Ù´ë·ÎÀÇ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ½Å³äÀ»
Ç¥¸íÇÔÀ» Æ÷±âÇß´Ù,
±×¸®°í Çùȸ¿Í ÀâÁö´Â ÁߴܵǾú´Ù. |
|
This declaration of Garrison's gave so powerful and eloquent an
expression of a confession of faith of such importance to men, that one
would have thought it must have produced a strong impression on people,
and have become known throughout the world and the subject of discussion
on every side. But nothing of the kind occurred. Not only was it unknown
in Europe, even the Americans, who have such a high opinion of Garrison,
hardly knew of the declaration. |
°Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¼±¾ðÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ Á߿伺À»
°¡Áø ³Ê¹«³ª °·ÂÇÏ¸ç ¿õº¯ÀûÀÎ ½Å¾Ó °í¹éÀÇ
Ç¥ÇöÀ̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ Æ²¸²¾øÀÌ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
°ÇÑ ÀλóÀ» ½É¾î ÁÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç,
Àü¼¼°è¿¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁ®¼
¿©·¯¸ð·Î Åä·ÐÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´À»
Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀÏÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ
ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
À¯·´¿¡¼ ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
°Ô¸®½¼¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±×·¸°Ô ³ôÀº Æò°¡¸¦ ÇÏ´Â
¹Ì±¹ÀÎµé ¸¶Àúµµ ±× ¼±¾ðÀ» °ÅÀÇ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. |
|
Another champion of non-resistance has been over¡©looked in the same
way-the American Adin
Ballou, who lately died, after spending fifty years
in preaching this doctrine. How great the ignorance is of everything
relating to the question of non-resistance may be seen from the fact that
Garrison the son, who has written an excellent biography of his father in
four great volumes, in answer to my inquiry whether there are existing now
societies for non-resistance, and adherents of the doctrine, told me that
as far as he knew that society had broken up, and that there were no
adherents of that doctrine, while at the very time when he was writing to
me there was living, at Hope-dale in Massachusetts, Adin Ballou, who had
taken part in the labors of Garrison the father, and had devoted fifty
years of his life to advocating, both orally and in print, the doctrine of
non-resistance. Later on I received a letter from Wilson, a pupil and
colleague of Ballou's, and entered into correspondence with Ballou
himself. I wrote to Ballou, and he answered me and sent me his works. Here
is the summary of some extracts from them: |
¹«ÀúÇ׿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµµ ¶È°°Àº ½ÄÀ¸·Î
°£°úµÇ¾ú´Ù-¹Ì±¹ÀÎ ¾Æµò ¹ß·ç´Â ÀÌ ±³¸®¸¦ ¼³±³Çϸé¼
¿À½Ê³âÀ» º¸³½ µÚ¿¡,
±×´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Á×¾ú´Ù.
¹«ÀúÇ׿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÄÇ´ø°¡
Çϸé,
¾Æµé °Ô¸®½¼Àº,
±×´Â Ä¿´Ù¶õ ³×±ÇÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Àü±â¸¦ ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
ÇöÀç
¹«ÀúÇ× Çùȸ¿Í ±× ±³¸®ÀÇ ½ÅºÀÀÚ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
³ªÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ë´äÀ¸·Î¼,
±×°¡ ¾Æ´ÂÇÑ ±× Çùȸ´Â ³¡ÀÌ
³µÀ¸¸ç,
±× ±³¸®¸¦ ½ÅºÀÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´Ù°í ³»°Ô
¸»Çß´Ù,
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±×°¡ ³»°Ô ÆíÁö¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×
¼ø°£¿¡,
¸Å»çÃß¼¼Ã÷ÁÖÀÇ È©µ¥ÀÏ¿¡,
»ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¾Æµò
¹ß·ç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¸ç,
±×´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö °Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷µé¿¡
Âü¿©¸¦ ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
¼³±³¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼³ª ÃâÆÇÀ» ÅëÇØ¼
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´À¶ó ¿À½Ê³âÀ» º¸³Â´Ù°í Çß´Ù.
ÈÄÀÏ ³ª´Â ¹ß·çÀÇ Á¦ÀÚÀÌ¸ç µ¿·áÀÎ Àª½¼À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¹ß·ç ÀڽŰú Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
³ª´Â
¹ß·ç¿¡°Ô ÆíÁö¸¦ ½è´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô ´äÀåÀ»
ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀ» ³»°Ô º¸³» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
¿©±â¿¡
±×°Íµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾à°£ ¹ßÃéÇÑ °ÍµéÀÇ ¿ä¾àÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: |
|
"Jesus Christ is my Lord and teacher," says Ballou in one of his
essays exposing the inconsistency of Christians who allowed a right of
self-defense and of warfare. "I have promised, leaving all else, to
follow him, through good and through evil, to death itself. But I am a
citizen of the democratic republic of the United States; and in allegiance
to it I have sworn to defend the Constitution of my country, if need be,
with my life. Christ requires of me to do unto others as I would they
should do unto me. The Constitution of the United States requires of me to
do unto two millions of slaves [at that time there were slaves; now one
might venture to substitute the word 'laborers'] the very opposite of
what I would they should do unto me -that is, to help to keep them in
their present condition of slavery. And, in spite of this, I continue to
elect or be elected, I propose to vote, I am even ready to be appointed to
any office under government. That will not hinder me from being a
Christian. I shall still profess Christianity, and shall find no
difficulty in carrying out my covenant with Christ and with the
government. |
¡°¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ³ªÀÇ ÁÖ´ÔÀÌ½Ã¸ç ¼±»ýÀ̽ʴϴÙ,¡±
¶ó°í ¹ß·ç´Â Àڱ⠹æ¾î ¹× ÀüÀïÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â
±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼öÇÊ ÁßÀÇ
Çϳª¿¡¼ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°³ª´Â,
±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¦Ãĵΰí,
¼±ÇÔÀ» °Þ°í ¾ÇÇÔÀ» °ÞÀ¸¸ç,
Á×À½ ±× ÀÚü±îÁö ±×ºÐÀ»
µû¸£°Ú´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¹ÎÁÖ ¿¬¹æ °øÈ±¹ÀÇ
½Ã¹ÎÀÌ´Ù;
±×¸®°í ±¹°¡¿¡ Ãæ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ³ªÀÇ ±¹°¡ÀÇ
Çå¹ýÀ»,
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é ³ªÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÙÃļ,
¼öÈ£ÇÒ °ÍÀ»
¼±¼Çß´Ù.
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³»°Ô ÇØÁֱ⸦
¹Ù¶ó´Â °Í °°ÀÌ ³ªµµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
¿¬¹æÀÇ Çå¹ýÀº ±×µéÀÌ ³»°Ô ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â °Í°ú Á¤
¹Ý´ëÀÇ °ÍÀ» ³»°¡ À̹鸸ÀÇ ³ë¿¹µé¿¡°Ô[±× ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â
³ë¿¹µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù;
ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÀÌ ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¡®³ëµ¿Àڵ顯·Î
¹Ù²Ù¾î º¸·Á ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù]
ÇØ Áֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù-´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé,
±×µéÀ» µµ¿Í¼ ÇöÀçÀÇ ³ë¿¹ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í,
À̰Ϳ¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí,
³ª´Â ³ª´Â °è¼ÓÇÏ¿©
¼±ÃâÇϰųª ¼±ÃâµÇ°í,
³ª´Â ÅõÇ¥ÇϰíÀÚ Çϸç,
³ª´Â
½ÉÁö¾î Á¤ºÎ ¼Ò¼ÓÀÇ ¾î¶² °üÁ÷¿¡ ÀÓ¸íµÉ Áغñ°¡
µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·Áö ¾ÊÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
³ª´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ °í¹éÇÒ °ÍÀ̰í
±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í Á¤ºÎ¿ÍÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÔ¿¡ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ãÁö
¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"Jesus Christ forbids me to resist evil doers, and to take from them
an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, bloodshed for bloodshed, and life
for life. |
¡°¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ³»°¡ ¾ÇÇàÀ» ÇÏ´Â Àڵ鿡°Ô
ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó°í Çϸç,
´«¿¡´Â ´«,
ÀÌ¿¡´Â ÀÌ,
ÇÇ¿¡´Â ÇÇ,
±×¸®°í »ý¸í¿¡´Â »ý¸íÀ» ÃëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó°í ÇϽŴÙ. |
|
"My government demands from me quite the opposite, and bases a system
of self-defense on gallows, musket, and sword, to be used against its
foreign and domestic foes. And the land is filled accordingly with
gibbets, prisons, arsenals, ships of war, and soldiers. |
¡°³ªÀÇ Á¤ºÎ´Â ³»°Ô Á¤ ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿Ü±¹
¹× ±¹³»ÀÇ Àû¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©,
±³¼ö´ë,
ÃÑ,
±×¸®°í Ä®·Î¼ Àڱ⠹æÀ§ ü°è¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ³ª¶ó
¾ÈÀº °á±¹ ±³¼ö´ë,
°¨¿Á,
¹«±â°í,
ÀüÇÔ ¹× º´»çµé·Î
°¡µæÂù´Ù. |
|
"In the maintenance and use of these expensive appli¡©ances for
murder, we can very suitably exercise to the full the virtues of
forgiveness to those who injure us, love toward our enemies, blessings to
those who curse us, and doing good to those who hate us. |
¡°»ìÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÌµé °ªºñ½Ñ ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» À¯Áö¿Í
»ç¿ëÀ¸·Î,
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÇØ¸¦ ³¢Ä¡¸ç,
ÀûÀ»
»ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿ë¼ÀÇ ¹Ì´öÀ» ÃÖ°íµµ·Î ¹ßÈÖÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¿ì¸®¸¦ ÀúÁÖÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÃູÀ» ³»¸®¸ç,
¿ì¸®¸¦
¹Ì¿öÇÏ´Â Àڵ鿡°Ô ¼±À» º£Ç® ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
"For this we have a succession of Christian priests to pray for us
and beseech the blessing of Heaven on the holy work of slaughter. |
¡°À̸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ±âµµÇϸç
¼º½º·¯¿î »ì·ú ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ÃູÀ» ³»·Á ´Þ¶ó°í
±â¿øÇϵµ·Ï ±âµ¶±³ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ ´ë¿°ú ÇÔ²² Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
"I see all this (i. e., the contradiction between profession
and practice), and I continue to profess religion and take part in
government, and pride myself on being at the same time a devout Christian
and a devoted servant of the gov¡©ernment. I do not want to agree with
these senseless notions of non-resistance. I cannot renounce my authority
and leave only immoral men in control of the government. The Constitution
says the government has the right to declare war, and I assent to this and
support it, and swear that I will support it. And I do not for that cease
to be a Christian. War, too, is a Christian duty. Is it not a Chris¡©tian
duty to kill hundreds of thousands of one's fellow-men, to outrage
women, to raze and burn towns, and to practice every possible cruelty? It
is time to dismiss all these false sentimentalities. It is the truest
means of forgiving injuries and loving enemies. If we only do it in the
spirit of love, nothing can be more Christian than such murder." |
¡°³ª´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý´Â´Ù (Áï,
°í¹é°ú °üÇàÀÇ
¸ð¼ø),
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â Á¾±³¸¦ °í¹éÇϸç Á¤ºÎ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í µ¶½ÇÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÎ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¤ºÎÀÇ Ãæ½ÇÇÑ
Á¾ÀÓÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·¯¿ö ÇÑ´Ù.
³ª´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÇ¹Ì ¾ø´Â
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ½Å³ä¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ»
Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù ±×¸®°í ¿ÀÁ÷ ºÎµµ´öÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¤ºÎ¸¦
°ü¸®Çϵµ·Ï µÑ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
Çå¹ýÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±Æ÷ÇÒ
±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» µ¿ÀÇÇϸç
ÁöÁöÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÁöÁöÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í
¸Í¼¼ÇÑ´Ù.
³ª´Â ±×·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ̱⸦
Æ÷±âÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀüÀï ¶ÇÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ Àǹ«ÀÌ´Ù.
¼öõ ¼ö¹éÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¿Æ÷¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ºÎ³àÀÚ¸¦ °ÌÅ»Çϰí
¸¶À»µéÀ» ÆÄ°íÇÏ°í ºÒÅ¿ì¸ç,
±×¸®°í °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç
ÀÜȤÇÔÀ» ½ÇõÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ Àǹ«°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´ø°¡?
ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÅÁþµÈ °¨»óÁÖÀÇÀû ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÒ ¶§´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº »óó¸¦ ¿ë¼ÇÏ°í ¿ø¼ö¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â °¡Àå Áø½ÇµÈ
¼ö´ÜµéÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶ûÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î
ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×·¯ÇÑ »ìÀκ¸´Ù ´õ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö
¾ø´Ù.¡± |
|
In another pamphlet, entitled "How many Men are Necessary to Change a
Crime into a Virtue?" he says: "One man may not kill. If he kills a
fellow-creature, he is a murderer. If two, ten, a hundred men do so, they,
too, are murderers. But a government or a nation may kill as many men as
it chooses, and that will not be murder, but a great and noble action.
Only gather the people together on a large scale, and a battle of ten
thousand men becomes an innocent action. But precisely how many people
must there be to make it so?-that is the question. One man cannot plunder
and pillage, but a whole nation can. But precisely how many are needed to
make it permissible? Why is it that one man, ten, a hundred, may not break
the law of God, but a great number may?" |
¡°¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹üÁ˸¦ ¹Ì´öÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¾ß
ÇÔÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇѰ¡¡±
¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÒÃ¥ÀÚ¿¡¼,
±×´Â
¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡°ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº Á×ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°¡ °°Àº
Àΰ£À» Á×ÀÎ´Ù¸é ±×´Â »ìÀÎÀÚ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ µÑ,
¿,
¹é»ç¶÷ÀÌ
±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×µé ¿ª½Ã,
»ìÀÎÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª
Á¤ºÎ³ª ±¹°¡°¡ ±×°¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ»
Á×ÀÎ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº »ìÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª À§´ëÇϰí
°í±ÍÇÑ ÇàÀ§ÀÌ´Ù.
¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´ë±Ô¸ð·Î ÇÔ²² ¸ðÀ¸¶ó,
±×·¯¸é ¼öõ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ½Î¿òÀº ¹«ÁËÀÇ ÇàÀ§°¡
µÈ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×·¸°Ô µÉ·Á¸é Á¤È®È÷ ¸î¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϴ°¡? -±×°ÍÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Ù.
ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾àÅ»Çϰí
°Å»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù,
±×·¯³ª Àüü ±¹°¡´Â ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª
±×°ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ·Á¸é Á¤È®È÷ ¸î¸íÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇѰ¡?
¿Ö ÇѸí,
¿¸í,
¹é¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ±ú¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç,
¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?¡± |
|
And here is a version of Ballou's catechism composed for his flock: |
±×¸®°í ¿©±â¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ¹«¸®µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹ß·çÀÇ ±³¸®¹®´ä
¹öÀüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
CATECHISM OF NON-ESISTANCE. |
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸® ¹®´ä |
|
Q. Whence is the word "non-resistance"
derived? A. From the command, "Resist not evil." (M. v. 39.) Q.
What does this word express? A. It expresses a lofty Christian
virtue enjoined on us by Christ. Q. Ought the word
"non-resistance" to be taken in its widest sense-that is to say, as
intending that we should not offer any resistance of any kind to evil? A.
No; it ought to be taken in the exact sense of our Saviour's
teaching-that is, not repaying evil for evil. We ought to oppose evil by
every righteous means in our power, but not by evil. |
Q. ¡°¹«ÀúÇס±
À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â ¾îµð¼ À¯·¡Çߴ°¡? A.
¡°¾Ç¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.¡± (¸¶Åº¹À½
5Àå 39Àý)
ÀÇ
¸í·ÉÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÌ´Ù. Q.
À̰ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϴ°¡? A.
±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸í·ÉÇÑ ¼þ°íÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ ¹Ì´öÀ»
³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Q. ¡°¹«ÀúÇס±
À̶õ ´Ü¾î´Â °¡Àå ³ÐÀº Àǹ̷Î
¹Þ¾Æ µé¿© Á®¾ß Çϴ°¡-¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ
¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ ¾î¶² ÀúÇ×À» ÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â Àǹ̴ë·Î
Àΰ¡? A.
¾Æ´Ï´Ù;
±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ
Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̴ë·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù-´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé,
¾ÇÀ»
¾ÇÀ¸·Î °±Áö ¸»¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® Èû ¾È¿¡¼
¸ðµç ÀÇ·Î¿î ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ¾ÇÀ» ´ëÀûÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç,
¾ÇÀ¸·Î
´ëÀûÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. |
|
Q. What is there to show that Christ enjoined
non-resistance in that sense? A. It is shown by the words he
uttered at the same time. He said: "Ye have heard, it was said of old,
An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. But I say unto you Resist not
evil. But if one smites thee on the right cheek, turn him the other also;
and if one will go to law with thee to take thy coat from thee, give him
thy cloak also." Q. Of whom was he speaking in the words, "Ye
have heard it was said of old"? A. Of the patriarchs and the
prophets, contained in the Old Testament, which the Hebrews ordinarily
call the Law and the Prophets. |
Q.
±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¹«ÀúÇ×À» ±×·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̷Π¸í·ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ»
º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Áõ°Å´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡. A.
±×°ÍÀº ±×¿Í ÇÔ²² ±×°¡ ÇÑ
¸»¾¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÖ´Ù.
±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù: ¡°¶Ç
´«Àº ´«À¸·Î,
ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·Î °±À¸¶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ°¡
µé¾úÀ¸³ª ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÚ¸¦ ´ëÀûÁö
¸»¶ó ´©±¸µçÁö ³× ¿À¸¥Æí »´À» Ä¡°Åµç ¿ÞÆíµµ µ¹·Á ´ë¸ç
¶Ç ³Ê¸¦ ¼Û»çÇÏ¿© ¼Ó¿ÊÀ» °¡Áö°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô
°Ñ¿Ê±îÁöµµ °¡Áö°Ô Ç϶ó.¡± Q.
±×°¡
´©±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¡°³ÊÈñ°¡ ¿¾ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
µé¾úÀ¸³ª¡±
¶ó´Â ¸»¾¸À» Çϼ̴°¡? A.
±¸¾à ¼º¼¿¡
±â·ÏµÈ Á·Àåµé°ú ¼±ÁöÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÏ¿©¼ À̸ç,
È÷ºê¸®ÀεéÀº ±¸¾à ¼º¼¸¦ º¸Åë À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚ¶ó°í
ºÎ¸¥´Ù. |
|
Q. What utterances did Christ refer to in the
words, "It was said of old" ? A. The utterances of Noah, Moses,
and the other proph¡©ets, in which they admit the right of doing bodily
harm to those who inflict harm, so as to punish and prevent evil deeds. Q.
Quote such utterances. A. ¡°Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man
shall his blood be shed."-gen. ix. 6. "He that smiteth a man, so that
he die, shall be surely put to death. . . And if any mischief follow, then
thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for
hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for
stripe."-Ex. xxi. 12 and 23-25. "He that killeth any man shall surely
be put to death. And if a man cause a blemish in his neighbor, as he hath
done, so shall it be done unto him: breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth
for tooth."-lev. xxiv. 17, ip, 20. "Then the judges shall make
diligent inquisition; and behold, if the witness be a false witness, and
hath testified falsely against his brother, then shall ye do unto him as
he had thought to have done unto his brother. . . And thine eye shall not
pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for
hand, foot for foot."-deut. xix. 18, 21. Noah, Moses, and the Prophets
taught that he who kills, maims, or injures his neighbors does evil. To
resist such evil, and to prevent it, the evil doer must be punished with
death, or maiming, or some physical injury. Wrong must be opposed by
wrong, murder by murder, injury by injury, evil by evil. Thus taught Noah,
Moses, and the Prophets. But Christ rejects all this. "I say unto
you," is written in the Gospel, "resist not evil," do not oppose
injury with injury, but rather bear repeated injury from the evil doer.
What was permitted is forbidden. When we understand what kind of
resistance they taught, we know exactly what resistance Christ forbade. |
Q.
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¡°¿¾ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °Í¡±À̶õ ¸»¾¸¿¡¼
¾î¶² ¹ß¾ðµéÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °ÍÀΰ¡? A.
³ë¾Æ,
¸ð¼¼,
±×¸®°í
´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ¹ß¾ðµéÀÌ´Ù,
±× ¹ß¾ð¿¡¼ ±×µéÀº ÇØ¸¦
°¡ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô,
¾ÇÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ó¹úÇÏ°í ¹æÁöÇϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿©,
½ÅüÀûÀÎ »óÇØ¸¦ °¡ÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. Q.
±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ß¾ðµéÀ» ÀοëÇØº¸¶ó. A. ¡°¹«¸© »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇǸ¦
È긮¸é »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±× ÇǸ¦ È긱 °ÍÀ̴϶ó¡±-â¼¼±â
9Àå 6Àý.
¡°»ç¶÷À» ÃÄ Á×ÀÎ ÀÚ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Á×ÀÏ °ÍÀ̳ª...
±×·¯³ª
´Ù¸¥ ÇØ°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é °±µÇ »ý¸íÀº »ý¸íÀ¸·Î ´«Àº ´«À¸·Î,
ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·Î,
¼ÕÀº ¼ÕÀ¸·Î,
¹ßÀº ¹ß·Î,
µ¥¿î °ÍÀº µ¥¿òÀ¸·Î,
»óÇÏ°Ô ÇѰÍÀº »óÇÔÀ¸·Î,
¶§¸° °ÍÀº ¶§¸²À¸·Î
°±À»Áö´Ï¶ó.¡±-Ãâ¾Ö±Þ±â 21Àå
12Àý ¹× 23-25Àý. ¡°»ç¶÷À»
ÃÄÁ×ÀÎ ÀÚ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Á×ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ¿ä,
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¸ÀÏ ±×
ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »óÇÏ¿´À¸¸é ±× ÇàÇÑ ´ë·Î ±×¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ï
ÆÄ»óÀº ÆÄ»óÀ¸·Î ´«Àº ´«À¸·Î ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·Î °±À»Áö¶ó.-·¹À§±â
24Àå 12-20Àý.
ÀçÆÇÀåÀº ÀÚ¼¼È÷ »ç½ÇÇÏ¿© ±× ÁõÀÎÀÌ
À§ÁõÀÎÀ̶ó ±× ÇüÁ¦¸¦ °ÅÁþÀ¸·Î ¹«ÇÔÇÑ °ÍÀÌ
ÆÇ¸íµÇ°Åµç19±×°¡ ±× ÇüÁ¦¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏ·Á°í ²Ò ÇÑ´ë·Î
±×¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏ¿© ³ÊÈñ Áß¿¡¼ ¾ÇÀ» Á¦Ç϶ó...
³× ´«ÀÌ
±àÈáÈ÷ º¸Áö ¸»¶ó »ý¸íÀº »ý¸íÀ¸·Î,
´«Àº ´«À¸·Î,
ÀÌ´Â
ÀÌ·Î,
¼ÕÀº ¼ÕÀ¸·Î,
¹ßÀº ¹ß·Î´Ï¶ó.-½Å¸í±â 19Àå
18-21Àý.
³ë¾Æ,
¸ð¼¼,
±×¸®°í ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» Á×À̰ųª,
ºÒ±¸ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µé°Å³ª,
µµ´Â »óó¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷´Â ÀÚ´Â ¾ÇÀ»
ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
±×·¯ÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇ×Çϱâ
À§Çؼ,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©,
¾ÇÇàÀ»
ÇÑ»ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã Á×À½À̳ª,
ºÒ±¸·Î ¸¸µé°Å³ª,
¶Ç´Â
½ÅüÀû »óó·Î¼ ó¹ú¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ºÎÁ¤ÇàÀ§´Â
ºÎÁ¤ÇàÀ§·Î,
»ìÀÎÀº »ìÀÎÀ¸·Î,
»óó´Â »óó·Î,
¾ÇÀº
¾ÇÀ¸·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã ´ëÀûÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
³ë¾Æ,
¸ð¼¼,
±×¸®°í
¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀº ±×·¸°Ô °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌ
¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¡°³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï,¡±
°¡
º¹À½¼¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, ¡°¾Ç¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó,¡±
Áï,
¼ÕÇØ¸¦ ¼ÕÇØ·Î ¸Â¼Áö ¸»¶ó,
±×·¯³ª Â÷¶ó¸® ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â
ÀڷκÎÅÍ °è¼ÓµÇ´Â ¼ÕÇØ¸¦ ÂüÀ¸¶ó.
Çã¿ëµÇ´ø °ÍÀº
±ÝÁöµÈ´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀúÇ×À» ±×µéÀÌ
°¡¸£ÃÆ´ÂÁö ±ú´Ý´Â ´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â
ÀúÇ×À» Á¤È®È÷ ¾Ë°ÔµÈ´Ù. |
|
Q. Then the ancients allowed the resistance
of injury by injury? A. Yes. But Jesus forbids it. The Christian
has in no case the right to put to death his neighbor who has done him
evil, or to do him injury in return. Q. May he kill or maim him in
self-defense? A. No. Q. May he go with a complaint to the
judge that he who has wronged him may be punished? A. No. What he
does through others, he is in reality doing himself. Q. Can he
fight in conflict with foreign enemies or dis¡©turbers of the peace? A.
Certainly not. He cannot take any part in war or in preparations for war.
He cannot make use of a deadly weapon. He cannot oppose injury to injury,
whether he is alone or with others, either in person or through other
people. Q. Can he voluntarily vote or furnish soldiers for the
government? A. He can do nothing of that kind if he wishes to be
faithful to Christ's law. Q. Can he voluntarily give money to aid
a government resting on military force, capital punishment, and violence
in general? A. No, unless the money is destined for some special
object, right in itself, and good both in aim and means. Q. Can he
pay taxes to such a government? A. No; he ought not voluntarily to
pay taxes, but he ought not to resist the collecting of taxes. A tax is
levied by the government, and is exacted independently of the will of the
subject. It is impossible to resist it without having recourse to violence
of some kind. Since the Christian cannot employ violence, he is obliged to
offer his property at once to the loss by violence inflicted on it by the
authorities. Q. Can a Christian give a vote at elections, or take
part in government or law business? A. No; participation in
election, government, or law business is participation in government by
force. |
Q.
±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇÇÇØ´Â ÇÇÇØ·Î ´ëÇ×ÇÔÀ»
Çã¿ëÇߴ°¡? A.
±×·¸´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¿¹¼ö´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ±ÝÇÑ´Ù.
±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ °¡ÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô»ç¶÷À»
Á×µµ·Ï Çϰųª,
µÇµ¹·Á¼ ±×¿¡°Ô ÇÇÇØ¸¦ ÁÙ ¼ö ±Ç¸®¸¦
¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. Q.
Àڱ⠹æÀ§¸¦ À§ÇØ
±×¸¦ Á×À̰ųª ºÒ±¸·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Q.
±×¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ °¡ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ã³¹ú ¹Þµµ·Ï ±â¼ÒÀåÀ» °¡Áö°í
ÆÇ»ç¿¡°Ô °¥ ¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÅëÇØ
ÇѰʹÂ,
»ç½Ç»ó ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Q.
¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ÀûµéÀ̳ª Æòȸ¦ ±³¶õÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé°ú ´ëÄ¡ÇÏ¿©
½Î¿ï ¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
È®½ÇÈ÷ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
±×´Â ÀüÀïÀ̳ª ÀüÀï
Áغñ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
±×´Â »ì»ó¿ë ¹«±â¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù.
±×´Â ±×°¡ È¥ÀÚ³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ,
º»ÀÎÀÌ
Á÷Á¢ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» ÅëÇØ¼ ÇÇÇØ¸¦ ÇÇÇØ·Î ´ëÇ×ÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. Q.
±×°¡ ÀÚÁøÇؼ ÅõÇ¥Çϰųª Á¤ºÎ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©
º´»ç¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ
À²¹ý¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. Q.
±×°¡ Åë»ó ±º»ç·Â,
»çÇü,
±×¸®°í Æø·Â¿¡
ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Â Á¤ºÎ¸¦ µ½±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÚÁøÇؼ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ÁÙ
¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
¾Æ´Ï´Ù,
±× µ·ÀÌ ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÑ
°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é,
±×¸®°í ±× ¸ñÀûÀº ÀǷοö¾ß Çϸç,
¸ñÀûÀ̳ª ¼ö´Ü¿¡¼ ¼±ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Q.
±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ¿¡
¼¼±ÝÀ» ³¾ ¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
¾Æ´Ï´Ù;
±×´Â ÀÚÁøÇؼ ¼¼±ÝÀ»
³»¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¼¼±ÝÀ» ¡¼öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
ÀúÇ×ÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
¼¼±ÝÀº Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ºÎ°úµÇ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿Í´Â º°°³·Î °ÅµÎ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í´Â
ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº Æø·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ
¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î,
±×´Â ´ç±¹¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±×°Í¿¡ °úÇÏ¿©Áø
Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ ´çÀå ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àç»êÀ»
Á¦°øÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Q.
±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ ¼±°Å¿¡¼ ÅõÇ¥Çϰųª,
Á¤ºÎ ¶Ç´Â ¹ý·ü »ç¾÷¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
¾Æ´Ï´Ù;
¼±°Å,
Á¤ºÎ,
¶Ç´Â ¹ý·ü »ç¾÷¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀº Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ
Á¤ºÎ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Q. Wherein lies the chief significance of the
doctrine of non-resistance? A. In the fact that it alone allows of
the possibility of eradicating evil from one's own heart, and also from
one's neighbor's. This doctrine forbids doing that whereby evil has
endured for ages and multiplied in the world. He who attacks another and
injures him, kindles in the other a feeling of hatred, the root of every
evil. To injure another because he has injured us, even with the aim of
overcoming evil, is doubling the harm for him and for oneself; it is
begetting, or at least setting free and inciting, that evil spirit which
we should wish to drive out. Satan can never be driven out by Satan. Error
can never be corrected by error, and evil cannot be vanquished by evil.
True non-resistance is the only real resistance to evil. It is crushing
the serpent's head. It destroys and in the end extirpates the evil
feeling. Q. But if that is the true meaning of the rule of
non-resistance, can it always be put into practice? A. It can be
put into practice like every virtue enjoined by the law of God. A virtue
cannot be practiced in all circumstances without self-sacrifice,
privation, suffering, and in extreme cases loss of life itself. But he who
esteems life more than fulfilling the will of God is already dead to the
only true life. Trying to save his life he loses it. Besides, generally
speaking, where non-resistance costs the sacrifice of a single life or of
some material welfare, resist¡©ance costs a thousand such sacrifices.
Non-resistance is Salvation; Resistance is Ruin. It is incomparably less
dangerous to act justly than unjustly, to submit to injuries than to
resist them with violence, less dangerous even in one's relations to the
present life. If all men refused to resist evil by evil our world would be
happy. |
Q.
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ Àǹ̴ ¾îµð¿¡ Àִ°¡? A.
±×°Í¸¸ÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡¼,
±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡¼ ¾ÇÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ»
Çã¶ôÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ±³¸®´Â
¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ¾ÇÀÌ ½Ã´ë¸¦ µû¶ó¼ ÀÜÁ¸ÇÏ¿© Áõ°¡µÇ°Ô ÇÑ
°ÍÀ» ±ÝÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» °ø°ÝÇÏ¿© ±×¿¡°Ô ÇÇÇØ¸¦
ÁØ »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀÇ »Ñ¸®ÀÎ Áõ¿ÀÀÇ
°¨Á¤¿¡ ºÒÀ» ºÙÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
±×°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÇÇÇØ¸¦
ÁÖ¾úÀ¸´Ï »ó´ë¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ °¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº,
½ÉÁö¾î ¾ÇÀ»
±Øº¹ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ñÀûÀÌ´õ¶óµµ,
±×¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ±×¸®°í
Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ÇØ·Î¿òÀ» ¹è°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù;
±×°ÍÀº
¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸ô¾Æ ³»¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ±× ¾ÇÇÑ ¿µÀ» ³º°Å³ª,
Àû¾îµµ Ç®¾îÁÖ¾î¼ °Ý·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Á˾ÇÀº °áÄÚ
Á˾ÇÀ¸·Î °íÃÄÁú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¾ÇÀº ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ±Øº¹ÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
Áø½ÇÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×Àº ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ
ÀúÇ×ÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¹ìÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ºÎ¼ö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº
°á±¹ ¾ÇÇÑ °¨Á¤À» »Ñ¸® »ÌÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Q.
±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ̶ó¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª
½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? A.
±×°ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸í·ÉÇϽŠ´Ù¸¥
¾î¶² ¼±Çàó·³ ½ÇÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¼±ÇàÀº ÀÚ±â Èñ»ý,
±ÃÇÌ,
°íÅë,
±×¸®°í ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¸ñ¼û ÀÚüÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÌ
¾ø´Ù¸é ¸ðµç »óȲÇÏ¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàµÉ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù.
±×·¯³ª
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇõÇÔ º¸´Ù »ý¸íÀ» Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ¿©±â´Â
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ¹Ì À¯ÀÏÇÑ Áø¸®ÀÇ »ý¸í¿¡¼ Á×¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ
»ý¸íÀ» ±¸ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÀҴ´Ù.
±×°Í»Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»Çؼ,
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ »ý¸í ¶Ç´Â
¾à°£ÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ ÇູÀÇ Èñ»ýÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é,
ÀúÇ×Àº ¼öõÀ̳ª µÇ´Â ±×·± Èñ»ýÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
¹«ÀúÇ×Àº
±¸¿øÀÌ´Ù;
ÀúÇ×Àº ¸ê¸ÁÀÌ´Ù.
Á¤ÀÇ·Ó°Ô ÇൿÇÔÀÌ
Á¤ÀÇ·ÓÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇൿÇÔº¸´Ù,
ÇÇÇØ¸¦ º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î
ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â °Í º¸´Ù ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ´ú À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù,
½ÉÁö¾î
ÇöÀçÀÇ »ý¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ À־µ ´ú
À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù.
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ÇÀ» ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ÀúÇ×ÇÔÀ»
°ÅÀýÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀº ÇູÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Q. But so long as only a few act thus, what
will happen to them? A. If only one man acted thus, and all the
rest agreed to crucify him, would it not be nobler for him to die in the
glory of non-resisting love, praying for his enemies, than to live to wear
the crown of Caesar stained with the blood of the slain? However, one man,
or a thousand men, firmly resolved not to oppose evil by evil are far more
free from danger by violence than those who resort to violence, whether
among civilized or savage neighbors. The robber, the murderer, and the
cheat will leave them in peace, sooner than those who oppose them with
arms, and those who take up the sword shall perish by the sword, but those
who seek after peace, and behave kindly and harmlessly, forgiving and
forgetting injuries, for the most part enjoy peace, or, if they die, they
die blessed. In this way, if all kept the ordinance of non-resistance,
there would obviously be no evil nor crime. If the majority acted thus
they would establish the rule of love and good will even over evil doers,
never opposing evil with evil, and never resort¡©ing to force. If there
were a moderately large minority of such men, they would exercise such a
salutary moral influence on society that every cruel punishment would be
abolished, and violence and feud would be replaced by peace and love. Even
if there were only a small minority of them, they would rarely experience
anything worse than the world's contempt, and meantime the world, though
unconscious of it, and not grateful for it, would be continually becoming
wiser and better for their unseen action on it. And if in the worst case
some members of the minority were persecuted to death, in dying for the
truth they would have left behind them their doctrine, sanctified by the
blood of their martyrdom. Peace, then, to all who seek peace, and may
overruling love be the imperishable heritage of every soul who obeys
willingly Christ's word, "Resist not evil." adin ballou. |
Q.
±×·¯³ª ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀûÀº »ç¶÷µé¸¸ ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×µé¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀÏ¾î ³¯ °ÍÀΰ¡? A.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ
»ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×¸®°í ³²Àº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ
±×¸¦ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡ óÇüÇϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
Á×Àº ÀÚÀÇ ÇÇ·Î ¹°µç
½ÃÀúÀÇ ¿Õ°üÀ» ¾²°í »ç´À´Ï,
ÀûÀ» À§ÇØ ±âµµÇϸé¼,
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÇ ¿µ±¤À¸·Î Á×´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼
´õ¿í ¼þ°íÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡.
±×·¯³ª ¾ÇÀ» ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ¸·Áö
¾Ê±â·Î ±»°Ô °á½ÉÇÑ ÇÑ »ç¶÷,
¾Æ´Ï ¼öõ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ,
¹®¸íÈµÈ ¶Ç´Â ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ÀÌ¿ôµé »çÀÌÀÏÁö¶óµµ,
Æø·Â¿¡
ÀǰÅÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ Æø·Â¿¡ÀÇÇÑ À§Çè¿¡¼
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù.
°µµ,
»ìÀÎÀÚ,
±×¸®°í »ç±â²ÛÀÌ ¹«±â¸¦ µé°í
±×µéÀ» ´ëÀûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ùµµ »¡¸® ±×µéÀ»
ÆòȽº·´°Ô ³õ¾Æ ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í Ä®À» »©¾î µå´Â
ÀÚ´Â Ä®·Î ¸ÁÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª Æòȸ¦ ¹Ù¶ó¸ç,
Ä£ÀýÇϰí ÇØ·ÓÁö ¾Ê°Ô ó½ÅÇϸç,
¼ÕÇØ¸¦ ¿ë¼Çϰí Àؾî
¹ö¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº,
´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î Æòȸ¦ ´©¸®°Å³ª,
±×µéÀÌ
Á״´ٸé,
Ãູ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇØ¼,
¸¸ÀÏ
¸ðµÎ°¡ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» ÁöŲ´Ù¸é,
¸í¹éÈ÷ ¾Æ¹«·± ¾Çµµ
¹üÁ˵µ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´ô¸é,
±×µéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î Çà¾ÇÀڵ鿡°Ôµµ »ç¶û°ú ¼±ÇÑ ÀÇÁöÀÇ
Áö¹è¸¦ ¼¼¿ï °ÍÀ̸ç,
°áÄÚ ¾ÇÀ» ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ´ëÀûÇÏÁö
¾Æ´ÏÇϸç,
°áÄÚ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ
±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¸¹Àº ¼Ò¼ö¶ó¸é,
±×µéÀº
»çȸ¿¡ ¸Å¿ì À¯ÀÍÇÑ µµ´öÀû ¿µÇâÀ» Çà»çÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç
ÀÜÀÎÇÑ Ã³¹úÀÌ ÆóÁöµÉ °ÍÀ̸ç,
Æø·Â°ú ¹Ý¸ñÀº ÆòÈ¿Í
»ç¶ûÀ¸·Î ´ëüµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÛÀº
¼Ò¼ö¶ó°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ,
±×µéÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ºñ¿ôÀ½º¸´Ù ´õ ½ÉÇÑ
°ÍÀº °ÅÀÇ °ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÇÑÆí ¼¼»óÀº,
ºñ·Ï
±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇϸç,
±×°ÍÀ» °í¸¿°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏÁö
¸ñÇÏÁö¸¸,
¹«ÀúÇ׿¡ µû¸¥ ±×µéÀÇ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇàÀ§·Î
ÇØ¼ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ¿í Çö¸íÇØÁö°í ³ª¾ÆÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡ ¾î¶² ±¸¼º¿ø
µéÀÌ Á×À½¿¡ Ã³ÇØÁø´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ,
Áø¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ
Á×À½À¸·Î½á,
±×µéÀÇ µÚ¿¡,
¼ø±³ÀÇ ÇǷμ ¼º½º·¯¿öÁø
±×µéÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ³²±â°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®ÇÏ¿©,
Æòȸ¦
Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Æòȸ¦,
±×¸®°í ±º¸²ÇÏ´Â
»ç¶ûÀÌ ¸¶À½À¸·Î ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ç¶óÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â À¯»êÀÌ µÉ Áö¾î´Ù. ¡°¾Ç¿¡
ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.¡±
¾Æµò ¹ß·ç |
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
For fifty years Ballou wrote and published books dealing principally
with the question of non-resistance to evil by force. In these works,
which are distinguished by the clearness of their thought and eloquence of
exposition, the question is looked at from every possible side, and the
binding nature of this command on every Christian who acknowledges the
Bible as the revelation of God is firmly established. All the ordinary
objections to the doctrine of non-resistance from the Old and New
Testaments are brought forward, such as the expulsion of the money¡©changers
from the Temple, and so on, and arguments follow in disproof of them all.
The practical reasonable¡©ness of this rule of conduct is shown
independently of Scripture, and all the objections ordinarily made against
its practicability are stated and refuted. Thus one chapter in a book of
his treats of non-resistance in exceptional cases, and he owns in this
connection that if there were cases in which the rule of non-resistance
were impossible of application, it would prove that the law was not uni¡©versally
authoritative. Quoting these cases, he shows that it is precisely in them
that the application of the rule is both necessary and reasonable. There
is no aspect of the question, either on his side or on his opponents',
which he has not followed up in his writings. I mention all this to show
the unmistakable interest which such works ought to have for men who make
a profession of Christianity, and because one would have thought
Ballou's work would have been well known, and the ideas expressed by him
would have been either accepted or refuted; but such has not been the
case. |
¿À½Ê³â µ¿¾È ¹ß·ç´Â Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ
¹®Á¦¸¦ ÁÖ·Î ´Ù·ç´Â Ã¥µéÀ» ½èÀ¸¸ç ÃâÆÇÇÏ¿´´Ù.
À̵é
ÀÛǰµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¸í·áÇÑ »ç»ó ±×¸®°í ¿õº¯°°Àº ÇØ¼³·Î
µ¸º¸À̴µ¥,
ÀÌ ÀÛǰµé¿¡¼ ±× ¹®Á¦´Â ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ
°¢µµ¿¡¼ º¸¾ÆÁø´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¼º¼¸¦ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °è½Ã·Î
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ±âµ¶±³Àο¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀÇ ±¸¼ÓÀûÀÎ
º»ÁúÀº ±»°ÇÈ÷ È®¸³µÈ´Ù.
±¸¾à°ú ½Å¾à ¼º¼·ÎºÎÅÍ
¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀǵéÀÌ
Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù,
¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ȯÀü»óµéÀ» ¼ºÀü¿¡¼ ÂÑ¾Æ ³»¾ú´ø
ÀÏ µî,
±×¸®°í ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹ÝÁõÇÏ´Â ÁÖÀåµéÀÌ
À̾îÁø´Ù.
ÀÌ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÇ ½Ç¿ëÀû ÇÕ´çÇÔÀÌ ¼º¼¿Í
º°µµ·Î º¸¿©Áø´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÇ ½Ç¿ë¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åë»óÀÇ
¹Ý´ë·ÐµéÀº ¼±¾ðµÇ¸ç ³íÁõµÈ´Ù.
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ÀÇ
ÇÑ ÀåÀº ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ìÀÇ ¹«ÀúÇ×À» ´Ù·é´Ù,
±×¸®°í
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ü°è¿¡¼ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëÇϱⰡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ
°æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ±× ¹ýÀÌ º¸ÆíÀû ±Ç´ÉÀÌ ¾øÀ½À»
Áõ¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ìµéÀ» ÀοëÇϸé¼,
±×´Â
±ÔÄ¢ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç ÇÕ´çÇÑ °ÍÀº Á¤È®ÇϰÔ
±×°Íµé¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¹«·±
Ãø¸éÀÌ ¾ø´Ù,
±× ÀڽŠÂÊÀ̵ç,
±×ÀÇ ¹Ý´ëÀÚ ÂÊÀ̵ç,
±×ÀÇ
Àú¼µé¿¡¼ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ µÚµû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
³ª´Â ±âµ¶±³¸¦
°í¹éÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ °¡Á®¾ß
ÇÏ´Â ¿ÀÇØÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â °ü½ÉÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ÀÌ ¸ðµç
°ÍÀ» °Å·ÐÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¹ß·çÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ²Ï
¾Ë·ÁÁ³À» °ÍÀ̸ç,
±×°¡ Ç¥¸íÇÑ °³³äµéÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©
Á³°Å³ª ¹Ý¹ÚµÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ±× °æ¿ì´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. |
|
The work of Garrison, the father, in his foundation of the Society of
Non-resistants and his Declaration, even more than my correspondence with
the Quakers, convinced me of the fact that the departure of the ruling
form of Christianity from the law of Christ on non-resistance by force is
an error that has long been observed and pointed out, and that men have
labored, and are still laboring, to correct. Ballou's work confirmed me
still more in this view. But the fate of Garrison, still more that of
Ballou, in being completely unrecognized in spite of fifty years of
obstinate and persistent work in the same direction, con¡©firmed me in the
idea that there exists a kind of tacit but steadfast conspiracy of silence
about all such efforts. |
¾Æ¹öÁöÀÎ °Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷Àº,
±×ÀÇ ¹«ÀúÇ× ÇùȸÀÇ Ã¢½Ã
¹× ±×ÀÇ ¼±¾ð¿¡¼,
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µé°ú ³ªÀÇ ¼½Åµé º¸´Ù ´õ¿í,
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áö¹èÀûÀÎ ÇüŰ¡ Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ׿¡ ´ëÇÑ
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶°³ °ÍÀº ¿À·¡ ÀüºÎÅÍ
°üÂûµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÁöÀûµÇ¾î ¿Â ¿À·ù¿´À¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í
»ç¶÷µéÀº ½ÃÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ ¾Ö½á¿ÔÀ¸¸ç,
¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾Ö¾²°í
ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ³»°Ô È®½ÅÀ» ½ÃÄÑÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
¹ß·çÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷Àº
ÈξÀ´õ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã°¢¿¡¼ ³ª¸¦ È®½Å½ÃÄ×´Ù.
±×·¯³ª
°Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº,
±×º¸´Ù ´õÇÑ ¹ß·çÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº,
°°Àº
¹æÇâÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ¿À½Ê³â °£ÀÇ ¿Ï°íÇÏ°í ²öÁú±ä ÀÛ¾÷¿¡µµ
ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¸øÇÑ Á¡¿¡¼,
±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç
³ë·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¹«¾ðÀÇ ±×·¯³ª Áý¿äÇÑ Ä§¹¬ÀÇ
À½¸ð°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â »ý°¢¿¡ ³ª¸¦ È®ÀνÃÄ×´Ù. |
|
Ballou died in August, 1890, and there was an obituary notice of him in
an American journal of Christian views (Religio-philosophical Journal,
August 23). In this laudatory notice it is recorded that Ballou was the
spiritual director of a parish, that he delivered from eight to nine
thousand sermons, married one thousand couples, and wrote about five
hundred articles; but there is not a single word said of the object to
which he devoted his life; even the word "non-resistance "is not
mentioned. Precisely as it was with all the preaching of the Quakers for
two hundred years, and, too, with the efforts of Garrison the father, the
foundation of his society and journal, and his Declaration, so it is with
the life-work of Ballou. It seems just as though it did not exist and
never had existed. |
¹ß·ç´Â 1890³â 8¿ù¿¡ Á×¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÇ
½Ã°¢¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀâÁö(Á¾±³ öÇÐ ÀâÁö, 8¿ù
23ÀÏ)¿¡
±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎ°í°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ÄªÂùÇÏ´Â ¾Ë¸²¿¡¼ ¹ß·ç´Â
±³±¸ÀÇ ¿µÀû °¨µ¶ÀÚ¿´À¸¸ç,
±×´Â ÆÈõ ³»Áö ±¸ÃµÀÇ
¼³±³¸¦ ÇÏ¿´°í,
õ ½ÖÀ» °áÈ¥ ½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í
¿À¹é°³ÀDZâ»ç¸¦ ½è´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ±×°¡ Æò»ýÀ» Çå½ÅÇÑ
¸ñÀû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ÁÙÀÇ ¸»µµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù;
½ÉÁö¾î ¡°¹«ÀúÇס±À̶õ
´Ü¾î´Â ¾ð±Þµµ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ±×°ÍÀº
ÄùÀÌÄ¿µéÀÌ À̹é³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¸ðµç Àüµµ¿Í,
±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ,
±×ÀÇ Çùȸ¿Í ÀâÁö ±×¸®°í ¼±¾ðÀ» ±âÃÊÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö
°Ô¸®½¼ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀÇ °æ¿ìó·³,
¹ß·çÀÇ Æò»ý ÀÛ¾÷µµ
¸¶Âù°¡Áö ¿´´Ù.
ÂüÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í,
°áÄÚ
Á¸Àç Çß¾ú´ø ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´ø °Íó·³ ´À²¸Á³´Ù. |
|
We have an astounding example of the obscurity of works which aim at
expounding the doctrine of non-resist¡©ance to evil by force, and at
confuting those who do not recognize this commandment, in the book of the
Tsech Helchitsky, which has only lately been noticed and has not hitherto
been printed. |
üũ ÈúÄ¡½ºÅ°ÀÇ Àú¼¿¡¼,
¿ì¸®´Â Èû¿¡ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϸç ÀÌ °è¸íÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö
¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» ÁúŸÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·ÎÇÏ´Â ÀÛǰµéÀÌ
ÆÄ¹¯Çô ÀÖÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³î¶ó¿î ¿¹¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍÀº
¿ÀÁ÷ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³À¸¸ç,
¿©Å±îÁö ÃâÆÇµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. |
|
Soon after the appearance of my book in German, I received a letter
from Prague, from a professor of the uni¡©versity there, informing me of
the existence of a work, never yet printed, by Helchitsky, a Tsech of the
fifteenth century, entitled ¡°The Net of Faith." In this work, the
professor told me, Helchitsky expressed precisely the same view as to true
and false Christianity as I had expressed in my book "What I Believe."
The professor wrote to me that Helchitsky's work was to be published for
the first time in the Tsech language in the Journal of The Petersburg
Academy of Science. Since I could not obtain the book itself, I tried
to make myself acquainted with what was known of Helchitsky, and I gained
the following informa¡©tion from a German book sent me by the Prague
professor and from Pypin's history of Tsech literature. This was
Pypin's account: |
³ªÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ µ¶ÀÏ¿¡ µîÀåÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ,
³ª´Â ÇÁ¶óÇϷκÎÅÍ,
±×°÷ ´ëÇÐÀÇ ±³¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ÅëÀÇ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥,
¾ÆÁ÷
ÃâÇÑµÈ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â 15¼¼±âÀÇ Ã¼Å©ÀÎ ÇïÄ¡½ºÅ°ÀÇ ÇÑ
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"'The Net of Faith' is Christ's teaching, which ought to draw
man up out of the dark depths of the sea of worldliness and his own
iniquity. True faith co | |