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¡°THE KINGDOM OF GOD 
IS WITHIN YOU.¡±

¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ  ³ª¶ó´Â  ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´À´Ï¶ó.¡±


by Leo Tolstoy

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TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.

¿ªÀÚ ¼­¹®

The book I have had the privilege of translating is, undoubtedly, one of the most remarkable studies of the social and psychological condition of the modern world which has appeared in Europe for many years, and its influence is sure to be lasting and far reaching. Tolstoy's genius is beyond dispute. The verdict of the civilized world has pronounced him as perhaps the greatest novelist of our generation. But the philosophical and religious works of his later years have met with a somewhat indifferent reception. They have been much talked about, simply because they were his work, but, as Tolstoy himself complains, they have never been seriously discussed. I hardly think that he will have to repeat the complaint in regard to the present volume. One may disagree with his views, but no one can seriously deny the originality, bold¡©ness, and depth of the social conception which he develops with such powerful logic. The novelist has shown in this book the religious fervor and spiritual insight of the prophet; yet one is pleased to recognize that the artist is not wholly lost in the thinker. The subtle intuitive per¡©ception of the psychological basis of the social position, the analysis of the frame of mind of oppressors and oppressed, and of the intoxication of Authority and Servility, as well as the purely descriptive passages in the last chap¡©ter-these could only have come from the author of "War and Peace."

³»°¡ ¹ø¿ªÇÏ°ÔµÈ Æ¯±ÇÀ» °¡Áø Ã¥Àº, ÀǽÉÇÒ ¹Ù ¾øÀÌ, ¼ö³â µ¿¾È À¯·´¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¸ç, ±× ¿µÇâÀÌ Æ²¸²¾øÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í ¸Ö¸® ¹ÌÄ¡°Ô µÉ »çȸÀû ¹× ½É¸®ÀûÀÎ »óÅÂÀÇ °¡Àå ¶Ù¾î³­ ¿¬±¸µé ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ÃµÀ缺Àº ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ ¼¼°èÀÇ ÆÇ´ÜÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿ì¸® ¼¼´ëÀÇ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ¼Ò¼³°¡·Î¼­ °ø¾ðÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ ¸¸³âÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀû ¹× Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ÀÛǰµéÀº ¾à°£ ³Ã´ãÇÑ È¯¿µÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¸¹ÀÌ È­µÎ¿¡ ¿Ã¶úÁö¸¸, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰÀ̱⠶§¹®À̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯³ª, Å罺ÅäÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ºÒÆòÇϵíÀÌ, ±×°ÍµéÀº °áÄÚ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô Åä·ÐµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°¡ ÇöÀçÀÇ Ã¥¿¡ °üÇØ ±× ºÒÆòÀ» µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÇØ¾ßµÈ´Ù°í °ÅÀÇ »ý°¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ±×ÀÇ °ßÇØ¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ±× µ¶Ã¢¼º, ´ã´ëÇÔ, ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ±×Åä·Ï °­·ÂÇÑ ³í¸®·Î Àü°³ÇÏ´Â »çȸÀû °³³äÀÇ ±íÀ̸¦ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ºÎÀÎÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¼Ò¼³°¡´Â ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼­ Á¾±³Àû ¿­Á¤°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚÀûÀÎ ¿µÀû ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ±× ¿¹¼ú°¡°¡ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î »ç»ó°¡·Î¼­ ¸ôµÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í´Â ±â»µÇÑ´Ù. »çȸÀû À§Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É¸®ÀûÀÎ ±â¹Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ Á÷°üÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØ·Â, ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµé°ú ÇǾйÚÀÚµéÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÇ Æ² ¹× ±Ç·Â°ú ¿¹¼ÓÀÇ Áßµ¶¿¡ °üÇÑ ºÐ¼® »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸¶Áö¸· Àå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼ø¼öÇÏ°Ô ¹¦»çÀûÀÎ ±¸Àýµé-À̰͵éÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ [ÀüÀï°ú ÆòÈ­]ÀÇ ÀÛ°¡¿¡°Ô¼­¸¸ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

The book will surely give all classes of readers much to think of, and must call forth much criticism. It must be refuted by those who disapprove of its teaching, if they do not want it to have great influence.

ÀÌ Ã¥Àº È®½ÇÈ÷ ¸ðµç °èÃþÀÇ µ¶ÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¹Àº »ý°¢°Å¸®¸¦ ÁÙ°ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸¹Àº ºñÆÇÀ» ºÒ·¯ ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù¸é, ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹Ý¹ÚÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

One cannot of course anticipate that English people, slow as they are to be influenced by ideas, and instinctively distrustful of all that is logical, will take a leap in the dark and attempt to put Tolstoy's theory of life into practice. But one may at least be sure that his destructive criticism of the present social and political regime will become a powerful force in the work of disintegration and social reconstruction which is going on around us. Many earnest thinkers who, like Tolstoy, are struggling to find their way out of the contradictions of our social order will hail him as their spiritual guide. The individuality of the author is felt in every line of his work, and even the most prejudiced cannot resist the fascination of his genuineness, sincerity, and profound earnestness. Whatever comes from a heart such as his, swelling with anger and pity at the sufferings of humanity, cannot fail to reach the hearts of others. No reader can put down the book without feeling himself better and more truth-loving for having read it.

¿ì¸®´Â ¹°·Ð, À̳信 ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâ¹Þ±â¿¡ ´À¸®¸ç, ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿µ±¹ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ µµ¾àÀ» ÇÏ¿© Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ »î¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ½Çõ¿¡ ¿Å±æ °ÍÀ̶ó°í, ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¸¶ Àû¾îµµ ±×ÀÇ ÇöÀçÀÇ »çȸÀû Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ [üÁ¦]ÀÇ ÆÄ±«ÀûÀÎ ºñÆÇÀÌ ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇØÃ¼ ÀÛ¾÷°ú »çȸÀû Àç°Ç¼³ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼­ °­·ÂÇÑ ÈûÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» È®½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌó·³, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »çȸÀû Áú¼­ÀÇ ¸ð¼øµéÀ» ÇìÃijª°¡ ±×µéÀÇ ±æÀ» ãÀ¸·Á°í ºÐÅõÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº ÁøÁöÇÑ »ç»ó°¡µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¿µÀûÀÎ ¾È³»Àڷμ­ ±×¸¦ ȯ¿µÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ÀΰÝÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰÀÇ ¸ðµç Çà¿¡¼­ ´À²¸Áø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î °¡Àå Æí°ßÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷Á¶Â÷µµ ±×ÀÇ °ÅÁþ¾øÀ½, ÁøÁöÇÔ, ±×¸®°í ½É¿ÀÇÑ ¿­Á¤ÀÇ ¸Å·Â¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¿Í °°Àº °¡½¿¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ³ª¿ÀµçÁö, ÀηùÀÇ °íÅëµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ³ë¿Í ¿¬¹ÎÀ¸·Î ºÎÇ®¾î ¿Ã¶ó¼­, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¡½¿¿¡ Àü´ÞµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¾î´À µ¶ÀÚµµ Ã¥À» ÀÐÀº ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´õ ³ª¾ÆÁ³À¸¸ç ´õ¿í Áø¸®¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÔÀ» ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê°í¼­´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ³õÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

Many readers may be disappointed with the opening chapters of the book. Tolstoy disdains all attempt to cap¡©tivate the reader. He begins by laying what he considers to be the logical foundation of his doctrines, stringing to¡©gether quotations from little-known theological writers, and he keeps his own incisive logic for the later part of the book.

¸¹Àº µ¶ÀÚµéÀº Ã¥ÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° Àå¿¡¼­ ½Ç¸ÁÇÒ Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌ´Â µ¶ÀÚµéÀ» ¸Å·á½ÃŰ·Á´Â ¸ðµç ½Ãµµ¸¦ °æ¸êÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â ¹Ù ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ Åä´ë¸¦ ³õ°í, º°·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ½ÅÇÐ ÀúÀÚµéÀÇ ÀοëµéÀ» ÇÔ²² ²ç¾î¼­ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â Ã¥ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ºÎºÐ±îÁö ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿¹¸®ÇÑ ³í¸®¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.

One word as to the translation. Tolstoy's style in his religious and philosophical works differs considerably from that of his novels. He no longer cares about the form of his work, and his style is often slipshod, involved, and dif¡©fuse. It has been my aim to give a faithful reproduction of the original.

¹ø¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇѸ¶µð ¸»: Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ¹× öÇÐÀû ¹®Ã¼´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³µéÀÇ ±×°Íµé°ú´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÛǰÀÇ Çü½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´õÀÌ»ó °³ÀÇÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ¹®Ã¼´Â °¡²û ´ÜÁ¤Ä¡ ¸øÇϸç, È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ì¸ç, »ê¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. ¿øÀÛÀ» Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô ´Ù½Ã »ì·Á ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ªÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.

Constance Garnett. January, 1894.

ÄܽºÅϽº ÀÚ³×Æ®, 1894³â 1¿ù

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