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A Confession

( °í¹é )


by Leo Tolstoy

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Endnotes
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Webmaster's Notes: 
*AMÀº Aylmer MaudeÀÇ ÁÖ¼®À» ÀǹÌÇÔ
Noah, in the Old Testament, son of Lamech, tenth in descent from Adam, and, as survivor with his family of the flood, the father of all humanity (see Genesis 6-9). According to the biblical account, Noah was spared for his piety when God, angered at the corruption of the world, destroyed it with a flood lasting 40 days and 40 nights. Noah had been warned to build the ark, a great ship, and to take on board with him his wife, his three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, his sons' wives, and two mated specimens of every species of animal on earth. In an episode after the flood, Noah is portrayed as having discovered winemaking and becoming helplessly drunk (see Genesis 9:20-27). Noah is said to have lived 950 years (see Genesis 9:29). Similar heroes of flood stories are found in Babylonian, Greek, and other cultures ³ë¾Æ, ±¸¾à¼º¼­¿¡¼­, ¶ó¸ßÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ¾Æ´ãÀÇ 10¼¼¼ÕÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·°ú ´ë È«¼ö¸¦ »ì¾Æ ³²À½À¸·Î½á, ¸ðµç ÀηùÀÇ Á¶»óÀÌ´Ù(â¼¼±â 6-9). ¼º°æÀûÀÎ ¼³¸í¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¼¼»óÀÇ Å¸¶ô¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÐ³ëÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, 40ÀÏ ³·°ú 40ÀÏ ¹ã µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÈ È«¼ö·Î¼­ ¼¼»óÀ» ¸ê¸Á½Ãų ¶§¿¡, ³ë¾Æ´Â ±×ÀÇ Ãæ½ÇÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î »ì¾Æ³µ´Ù. ³ë¾Æ´Â, ¹æÁÖ, Áï Å« ¹è¸¦ ¸¸µé¶ó´Â °æ°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿Í ¼¼ ¾ÆµéÀÎ ¼À, ÇÔ, ¾ßÆäÆ®¿Í, Áö»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç Á¾ÀÇ ½ÖµéÀ» Å¿ü´Ù. ´ëÈ«¼ö µÚÀÇ ÀÏÈ­¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ³ë¾Æ´Â ¼ú ¸¸µå´Â ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿© °íÁÖ¸ÁŰ¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù(â¼¼±â 9:20-27). ³ë¾Æ´Â 950³âÀ» »ì¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù(â¼¼±â 9:29). È«¼ö À̾߱⿡ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¿µ¿õµéÀº ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾Æ, ±×¸®½º ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ¹®È­±Ç¿¡¼­µµ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.
Voltaire, The French writer and philosopher Voltaire is considered one of the central figures of the Age of Enlightenment of the 1700s, a period which emphasized the power of human reason, science, and respect for humanity. Voltaire believed that literature should serve as a vehicle for social change. His biting satires and philosophical writings demonstrated his aversion to Christianity, intolerance, and tyranny. º¼Å׸£, ÇÁ¶û½º ÀÛ°¡À̸ç öÇÐÀÚÀÎ º¼Å׸£´Â 17¼¼±âÀÇ °è¸ùÁÖÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Á᫐ Àι° ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ À̼ºÀÇ Èû, °úÇÐ, ¹× ÀηùÀÇ Á¸ÁßÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ´ø ½Ã±âÀÌ´Ù. º¼Å׸£´Â ¹®ÇÐÀÌ »çȸ º¯ÇõÀÇ µµ±¸°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ½Å¶öÇÑ Ç³ÀÚ¿Í Ã¶ÇÐÀûÀÎ Àú¼­µéÀº ±âµ¶±³, ÆíÇùÇÔ, ¹× ÀüÁ¦ÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çø¿À¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¾ú´Ù.
Orthodox Church, one of the three major branches of Christianity, which stands in historical continuity with the communities created by the apostles of Jesus in the region of the eastern Mediterranean, and which spread by missionary activity throughout Eastern Europe. The word orthodox (from Greek, "right-believing") implies the claim of doctrinal consistency with apostolic truth. The Orthodox church has also established communities in Western Europe, the western hemisphere, and, more recently, Africa and Asia, and it currently has more than 174 million adherents throughout the world. Other designations, such as Orthodox Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Eastern Orthodox, are also used in reference to the Orthodox church.

[See: Orthodox Jews]

Á¤Å뱳ȸ, ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¼¼°¡Áö ÁÖµÈ Á¾ÆÄÀÇ Çϳª·Î, ÁöÁßÇØ µ¿ºÎ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¿¹¼öÀÇ »çµµµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Çü¼ºµÈ °øµ¿Ã¼µé°ú ¿ª»çÀû ¿¬¼Ó¼ºÀ» °¡Áö¸ç, ±× Àüµµ Ȱµ¿Àº µ¿ À¯·´±îÁö ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. Á¤Åë(±×¸®½º¾îÀÇ, ¡°¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¹ÏÀ½")À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â »çµµµéÀÇ Áø¸®¿Í ±³¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Á¤Å뱳ȸ´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¼­ À¯·´¿¡, ¼­¹Ý±¸, ±×¸®°í ´õ¿ì±â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­µµ °øµ¿Ã¼¸¦ È®¸³ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÇöÀç Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ 1¾ï7õ4¹é¸¸ÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤Åë Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸, ±×¸®½º Á¤±³È¸, ¹× µ¿¹æ Á¤±³È¸ °°Àº Á¾ÆÄµéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ Á¤Å뱳ȸ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

[Âü°í: Á¤ÅëÆÄ À¯ÅÂÀÎ]

Nothing so forms a young man as an intimacy with a woman of good breeding. ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °¡¹®ÀÇ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í ±³Á¦¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å­ ¸ð¾ç»õ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù.
He was in fact 27 at the time. »ç½Ç ±× ´ç½Ã ±×ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ´Â 27À̾ú´Ù.
Russians generally make a distinction between Europeans and Russians. -- A.M. ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀεéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À¯·´Àεé°ú ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÎµé »çÀÌÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀ» Áþ´Â´Ù.
To keep peace between peasants and owners.--A.M.  ³óºÎµé°ú ÁöÁÖµé »çÀÌÀÇ ÆòÈ­¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
A fermented drink prepared from mare's milk.--A. M. ¾Ï ¸»ÀÇ Á£À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¹ßÈ¿ÁÖ
The desyatina is about 2.75 acres.--A.M. µ¥»çƼ³ª´Â ¾à 2.75¿¡ÀÌÄ¿
Tolstoy's version differs slightly in a few places from our own Authorized or Revised version. I have followed his text, for in a letter to Fet, quoted on p. 18, vol. ii, of my "Life of Tolstoy," he says that "The Authorized English version [of Ecclesiastes] is bad." -- A.M.] Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ¹ø¿ªº»Àº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÈìÁ¤¿ª ¶Ç´Â °³¿ªº»°ú´Â ¸î ±ºµ¥¼­ ¾à°£ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ Àú¼­¸¦ µû¶úÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÀÇ Àú¼­ÀÎ ¡°Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ »ý¾Ö¡±ÀÇ 18±Ç¿¡¼­ ÀοëÇÑ ÆíÁö¿¡¼­, ±×´Â ¡°ÈìÁ¤¿ª(The Authorized English Version)ÀÇ [Àüµµ¼­(Ecclesiastes)]°¡ ¾ÈÁÁ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Ç߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Sakyamuni, another name for the historical Buddha, sage of the Sakya warrior caste. He was the son of the head of the Sakya and was given the private name of Siddhartha; in later life he was known as Sakyamuni. He is called Shaka in Japan. ¼®°¡¸ð´Ï, »çŰ¾ß Àü»ç °è±ÞÀÇ ÇöÀÚÀÎ, ¿ª»ç»óÀÇ ºÎó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â »çŰ¾ß Á·ÀåÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú´Ù ±×¸®°í °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ À̸§ÀÎ ½Ë´Ù¸£Å¸ ¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù; ¸»³â¿¡´Â ¼®°¡¸ð´Ï·Î ºÒ·È´Ù. ±×´Â Çѱ¹°ú ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ¼®°¡·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù.
Descartes, Rene(1596-1650), French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, sometimes called the father of modern philosophy. The first modern philosopher, ReneDescartes believed science and mathematics could explain and predict events in the physical world. µ¥Ä«¸£Æ®, ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ, °úÇÐÀÚ, ¹× ¼öÇÐÀÚÀ̸ç, ¶§·Î´Â ±Ù´ë öÇÐÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. ù¹øÂ° ±Ù´ë öÇÐÀڷμ­, ¸£³× µ¥Ä«¸£Æ®´Â, ¹°Áú ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ÀÇ »ç°ÇµéÀ» °úÇаú ¼öÇÐÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.
Brahman (class), name of the sacerdotal, or highest, class (varna) in the system of Hinduism. ºê¶ó¸¸, ÈùµÎ±³¿¡¼­ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ ¶Ç´Â °¡Àå ³ôÀº °è±ÞÀÇ À̸§
This passage is noteworthy as being one of the few references made by Tolstoy at this period to the revolutionary or "Back-to-the-People" movement, in which many young men and women were risking and sacrificing home, property, and life itself from motives which had much in common with his own perception that the upper layers of Society are parasitic and prey on the vitals of the people who support them. -- A.M. ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀº ÀÌ ½ÃÀý¿¡ Å罺ÅäÀ̰¡ Çõ¸íÀûÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¡°¹ÎÁß¿¡°Ô·Î¡±ÀÇ ¿îµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ µå¹® ¾ð±Þµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î½á °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¿îµ¿ ¾È¿¡¼­, »çȸÀÇ »ó·ùÀÇ °è±ÞµéÀº ±â»ýÇϸ鼭 ±×µéÀ» ÁöÅÊÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇʼöǰÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àνİú »ó´çÈ÷ °øÅëµÇ´Â µ¿±âµé·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¸¹Àº ÀþÀº ³²³àµéÀÌ Áý, Àç»ê, ±×¸®°í »ý¸í ÀÚü¸¦ À§Çè¿¡ ³»¸Ã±â¸ç Èñ»ýÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
John 3:20 ¿äÇѺ¹À½ 3:20
In Russia Sunday was called Resurrection-day. -- A. M. ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÏ¿äÀÏÀ» ºÎȰÁÖÀÏ·Î ºÒ·È´Ù.
A sect that rejects sacraments and ritual. ¼º·Ê¿Í ÀǽÄÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ÇÑ Á¾ÆÄ
Filioque, combination of Latin words meaning "and from the Son," added to the Nicene Creed by the Third Council of Toledo in 589: Credo in Spiritum Sanctum qui ex patre filioque procedit ("I believe in the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and Son"). It refers to the doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son. Çʸ®¿ÀÅ©, ¡°±×¸®°í ¾Æµé·ÎºÎÅÍ¡±¶ó´Â ¶æÀ» °¡Áø ¶óƾ ´Ü¾îÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀ¸·Î, 589³â Åç·¹µµÀÇ Á¦3 Á¾¹«È¸ÀÇ¿¡¼­ ´ÏÄÉ¾Æ ½ÅÁ¶¿¡ ºÎ°¡µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù:  Credo in Spiritum Sanctum qui ex patre filioque procedit(¡°³ª´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾Æµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â ¼º·ÉÀ» ¹Ï»ç¿É´Ï´Ù.¡±) À̰ÍÀº ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾Æµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿À´Â ¼º·ÉÀÇ ¿¬¼Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³¸®¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
At the time this was written capital punishment was considered to be abolished in Russia. -- A.M. ÀÌ ³»¿ëÀÌ ±â·ÏµÉ ¶§¿¡ ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ »çÇüÁ¦µµ´Â ÆóÁöµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù.
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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ] I ] II ] III ] IV ] V ] VI ] VII ] VIII ] IX ] X ] XI ] XII ] XIII ] XIV ] XV ] XVI ] [ NOTES ]


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