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A contradiction arose from which there were two exits. Either that
which I called reason was not so rational as I supposed, or that which
seemed to me irrational was not so irrational as I supposed. And I began
to verify the line of argument of my rational knowledge. |
¸ð¼øÀÌ ÀϾ¸é¼ ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ µÎ °¡Áö Ãⱸ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
³»°¡ À̼ºÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ »ó»óÇÏ´Â °Íó·³
±×·¸°Ô À̼ºÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª, ³»°Ô ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÎ °Íó·³
º¸ÀÌ´ø °ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ »ó»óÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ±×·¸°Ô ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Verifying the line of argument of rational knowledge I found it quite
correct. The conclusion that life is nothing was inevitable; but I noticed
a mistake. The mistake lay in this, that my reasoning was not in accord
with the question I had put. The question was: "Why should I live, that
is to say, what real, permanent result will come out of my illusory
transitory life -- what meaning has my finite existence in this infinite
world?" And to reply to that question I had studied life. |
À̼ºÀû Áö½ÄÀÇ ³í°ÅÀÇ ¹æÇâÀ» Áõ¸íÇÏÀÚ¸é ³ª´Â
±×°ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Á¤È®ÇÏ´Ù°í ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀλýÀº ¹«(Ùí)¶ó´Â
°á·ÐÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ½À»
¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷·È´Ù. ¿À·ù´Â ¿©±â¿¡ ³õÀδÙ, ³ªÀÇ Ãß·ÐÀº ³»°¡
Á¦½ÃÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±× Áú¹®Àº: ¡®³ª´Â ¿Ö
»ì¾Æ¾ß Çϴ°¡, ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ³ªÀÇ È¯»óÀû ÀϽÃÀû
ÀλýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹«½¼ ½ÇÁ¦Àû, ¿µ±¸Àû °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ã °ÍÀΰ¡-ÀÌ
¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ À¯ÇÑÇÑ Á¸Àç°¡ ¹«½¼ Àǹ̸¦
°¡Áö´Â°¡?¡¯ ±×¸®°í ±× Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇϱâ À§Çؼ ³ª´Â
ÀλýÀ» ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. |
|
The solution of all the possible questions of life could evidently not
satisfy me, for my question, simple as it at first appeared, included a
demand for an explanation of the finite in terms of the infinite, and vice
versa. |
Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ Áú¹®µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀº
ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ³ª¸¦ ¸¸Á·½ÃŰÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®Àº,
±×°ÍÀº óÀ½¿¡ ´Ü¼øÇØ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ» ¹«ÇÑÇÔÀ¸·Î
¼³¸íÇϱ⸦ ¿ä±¸Çϰųª, ±× ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì¿´´Ù. |
|
I asked: "What is the meaning of my life, beyond time, cause, and
space?" And I replied to quite another question: "What is the meaning
of my life within time, cause, and space?" With the result that, after
long efforts of thought, the answer I reached was: "None." |
³ª´Â ¹°¾ú´Ù: ¡®³ªÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡, ½Ã°£,
¿øÀÎ, ±×¸®°í °ø°£À» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ¿©?¡¯ ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÀüÇô
´Ù¸¥ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏ¿´´Ù: ¡®½Ã°£, ¿øÀÎ, ±×¸®°í °ø°£
¾È¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡¯ »ý°¢À» ÅëÇÑ ¿À·£
³ë·Âµé µÚ¿¡, ³»°¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ ´ë´äÀº : ¡®¾ø´Ù¡¯ ¶ó´Â
°á°ú¿´´Ù. |
|
In my reasonings I constantly compared (nor could I do otherwise) the
finite with the finite, and the infinite with the infinite; but for that
reason I reached the inevitable result: force is force, matter is matter,
will is will, the infinite is the infinite, nothing is nothing-and that
was all that could result. |
³ªÀÇ Ã߷п¡¼ ³ª´Â ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ» À¯ÇÑÇÔ°ú,
±×¸®°í ¹«ÇÑÇÔÀ» ¹«ÇÑÇÔ°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´´Ù(´Ù¸£°Ô´Â ÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø¾ú´Ù); ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³ª´Â ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â
°á°ú¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù: ÈûÀº ÈûÀÌ´Ù, ¹°ÁúÀº ¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù,
ÀÇÁö´Â ÀÇÁöÀÌ´Ù, ¹«ÇÑÀº ¹«ÇÑÀÌ´Ù, ¹«´Â ¹«ÀÌ´Ù-±×¸®°í
±×°ÍÀº ÃÊ·¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. |
|
It was something like what happens in mathematics, when thinking to
solve an equation, we find we are working on an identity. The line of
reasoning is correct, but results in the answer that a equals a, or x
equals x, or o equals o. The same thing happened with my reasoning in
relation to the question of the meaning of my life. The replies given by
all science to that question only result in--identity. |
±×°ÍÀº ¼öÇп¡¼ ÀϾ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù,
µî½ÄÀ» Ç®°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â Ç×µî½ÄÀ» Ç®°í ÀÖÀ½À»
¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù. Ãß·ÐÀÇ ¹æÇâÀº Á¤È®Çß´Ù, ±×·¯³ª a = a ¶Ç´Â x=x
¶Ç´Â o=o ÀÎ ´äÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Áú¹®¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ³ªÀÇ Ã߷п¡ °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ±×
Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸ðµç °úÇп¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¾îÁø ÇØ´äµéÀº
¿À·ÎÁö--Ç×µî½ÄÀ̶õ °á°ú¿´´Ù. |
|
And really, strictly scientific knowledge-that knowledge which begins,
as Descartes's* did, with complete doubt about everything-rejects all
knowledge admitted on faith and builds everything afresh on the laws of
reason and experience, and cannot give any other reply to the question of
life than that which I obtained: an indefinite reply. Only at first had it
seemed to me that knowledge had given a positive reply-the reply of
Schopenhauer: that life has no meaning and is an evil. But on examining
the matter I understood that the reply is not positive, it was only my
feeling that so expressed it. Strictly expressed, as it is by the Brahmins*
and by Solomon and Schopenhauer, the reply is merely indefinite, or an
identity: o equals o, life is nothing. So that philosophic knowledge
denies nothing, but only replies that the question cannot be solved by
it--that for it the solution remains indefinite. |
±×¸®°í »ç½ÇÀûÀÌ¸ç ¾ö°ÝÇÑ °úÇÐÀûÀÎ Áö½Ä-µ¥Ä«¸£Æ®°¡
±×·¨µíÀÌ, ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀǽÉÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵ǴÂ
±×·± Áö½Ä--Àº ½Å¾Ó¿¡¼ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â ¸ðµç Áö½ÄÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù
±×¸®°í À̼º°ú °æÇèÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» »õ·ÎÀÌ
½×´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ±¸ÇÑ °Í °°Àº ¹«ÇÑ(ÜúïÒ)ÇÑ ´ë´ä
¿ÜÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² ´ë´äÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
´ÜÁö óÀ½¿¡ ³»°Ô´Â Áö½ÄÀÌ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ´ë´äÀ» ÁØ °Íó·³
º¸¿´´Ù--¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾îÀÇ ´ë´ä: ÀλýÀº ¾Æ¹«·± Àǹ̰¡
¾øÀ¸¸ç ¾ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀ» Á¶»çÇØº¸ÀÚ ³ª´Â ±×
´ë´äÀº ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×·¸°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ªÀÇ
°¨Á¤»ÓÀ̾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ Ç¥ÇöÇÏÀÚ¸é,
ºê¶ó¸¸, ±×¸®°í ¼Ö·Î¸ó ±×¸®°í ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾îó·³, ±×
´ë´äÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹«ÇÑÇÔÀ̰ųª Ç×µîÀÌ´Ù: O´Â OÀ̸ç,
ÀλýÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ±×·¯ÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀûÀÎ
Áö½ÄÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ºÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×
Áú¹®Àº Áö½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç® ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù--±×°Í¿¡ °üÇÑÇÑ
ÇØ´äÀº ºÎÁ¤(ÜúïÒ)ÀÌ´Ù´Â °Í. |
|
Having understood this, I understood that it was not possible to seek
in rational knowledge for a reply to my question, and that the reply given
by rational knowledge is a mere indication that a reply can only be
obtained by a different statement of the question and only when the
relation of the finite to the infinite is included in the question. And I
understood that, however irrational and distorted might be the replies
given by faith, they have this advantage, that they introduce into every
answer a relation between the finite and the infinite, without which there
can be no solution. |
À̰ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇÀÚ, ³ª´Â À̼ºÀû Áö½Ä¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ
Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
À̼ºÀû Áö½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ª¿Â ´ë´äÀº, Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »óÀÌÇÑ
Áø¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼, ±×¸®°í, À¯ÇÑÇÔÀÇ ¹«ÇÑÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü°è°¡
Áú¹®¿¡ Æ÷Ç﵃ ¶§¿¡¸¸ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±¸ÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ½ÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ
¾Ï½ÃÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â, ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ¾îÁø
´ë´äµéÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÌ¸ç ¿Ö°îÀÌ µÇ¾î À־,
±×°ÍµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù, Áï, ±×°ÍµéÀº À¯ÇѰú
¹«ÇÑ »çÀÌÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÇØ´ä¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄ×´Ù, ±×¸®°í
±×·± °ü°è°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ÇØ´äÀº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
In whatever way I stated the question, that relation appeared in the
answer. How am I to live? -- According to the law of God. What real result
will come of my life? -- Eternal torment or eternal bliss. What meaning
has life that death does not destroy? -- Union with the eternal God:
heaven. |
³»°¡ ±× Áú¹®À» ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×·±
°ü°è´Â ´ë´ä¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß Çϴ°¡?-Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó¼. ³ªÀÇ Àλý¿¡¼ ¾î¶² »ç½ÇÀûÀÎ °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ã
°ÍÀΰ¡?-¿µ¿øÇÑ °íÅë ¶Ç´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ Çູ. Á×À½ÀÌ
ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀλýÀº ¹«½¼ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö´Â°¡?-¿µ¿øÇÑ
Çϳª´Ô°ú ¿¬ÇÕ: õ±¹. |
|
So that besides rational knowledge, which had seemed to me the only
knowledge, I was inevitably brought to acknowledge that all live humanity
has another irrational knowledge -- faith which makes it possible to live.
Faith still remained to me as irrational as it was before, but I could not
but admit that it alone gives mankind a reply to the questions of life,
and that consequently it makes life possible. Reasonable knowledge had
brought me to acknowledge that life is senseless -- my life had come to a
halt and I wished to destroy myself. Looking around on the whole of
mankind I saw that people live and declare that they know the meaning of
life. I looked at myself -- I had lived as long as I knew a meaning of
life and had made life possible. |
±×¸®ÇÏ¿©¼, ³»°Ô À¯ÀÏÇÑ Áö½Äó·³ º¸ÀÌ´ø À̼ºÀû
Áö½Ä ¿Ü¿¡, ³ª´Â ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç Àηù´Â ´Ù¸¥ À̼ºÀû
Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù-»ç´Â °ÍÀ»
°¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÏ´Â ½Å¾Ó. ½Å¾ÓÀº ³»°Ô ¿©ÀüÀÌ ÀÌÀüó·³
ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÕ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ±×°Í¸¸ÀÌ
Àηù¿¡°Ô ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ» ÁÖ¸ç, ±×¸®°í
°á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀλýÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. À̼ºÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀÌ ³ª·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý
ÀλýÀº ¹«ÀǹÌÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù-³ªÀÇ ÀλýÀº
Á¤ÁöµÇ¾ú°í ³ª´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÆÄ±«Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇß´Ù. Àüü
ÀηùÀÇ À§¿¡¼ µÑ·¯º¸ÀÚ, ³ª´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
±×µéÀº ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¾È´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.
³ª´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹Ù¶ó º¸¾Ò´Ù-³»°¡ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¾Æ´Â ÇÑ
³ª´Â »ì¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ÀλýÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
Looking again at people of other lands, at my contemporaries and at
their predecessors, I saw the same thing. Where there is life, there since
man began faith has made life possible for him, and the chief outline of
that faith is everywhere and always identical. |
´Ù½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ», ³ª¿Í µ¿½Ã´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µé
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¼±Á¶µéÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸¸é¼, ³ª´Â °°Àº °ÍÀ»
º¸¾Ò´Ù. ÀλýÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷ÀÌ, ±×°÷¿¡¼± »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀ»
½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¿¡°Ô ÀλýÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿äÁ¡Àº ¾îµð¿¡¼³ª ¾ðÁ¦³ª
µ¿ÀÏÇß´Ù. |
|
Whatever the faith may be, and whatever answers it may give, and to
whomsoever it gives them, every such answer gives to the finite existence
of man an infinite meaning, a meaning not destroyed by sufferings,
deprivations, or death. This means that only in faith can we find for life
a meaning and a possibility. What, then, is this faith? And I understood
that faith is not merely "the evidence of things not seen", etc., and
is not a revelation (that defines only one of the indications of faith),
is not the relation of man to God (one has first to define faith and then
God, and not define faith through God); it is not only agreement with what
has been told one (as faith is most usually supposed to be), but faith is
a knowledge of the meaning of human life in consequence of which man does
not destroy himself but lives. Faith is the strength of life. If a man
lives he believes in something. If he did not believe that one must live
for something, he would not live. If he does not see and recognize the
illusory nature of the finite, he believes in the finite; if he
understands the illusory nature of the finite, he must believe in the
infinite. Without faith he cannot live. |
½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÌ´øÁö, ±×¸®°í ±× ´ë´äµéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÌ´øÁö,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ´©±¸¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾î Áö´øÁö, °¢°¢ÀÇ ±×·±
´ë´äÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ À¯ÇÑÇÑ Á¸Àç¿¡°Ô ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ÀǹÌ, Áï, °íÅë,
»ó½Ç ¶Ç´Â Á×À½¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÆÄ±«µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Àǹ̸¦ ÁØ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ½Å¾Ó ¾È¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®°¡ Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ̿Í
°¡´É¼ºÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀº
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ½Å¾ÓÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¡®º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â
°ÍÀÇ Áõ°Å¡¯, µîÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, (¿ÀÁ÷ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Ç¥½ÃÁßÀÇ
Çϳª¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â) °è½Ãµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í, »ç¶÷ÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
°ü°èµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù(¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú ½Å¾ÓÀ», ´ÙÀ½¿£ Çϳª´ÔÀ»
Á¤ÀÇÇØ¾ß Çϸç, Çϳª´ÔÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ ½Å¾ÓÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇØ¼´Â
¾ÈµÈ´Ù); ±×°ÍÀº Àڽſ¡°Ô Áö½ÃµÈ ´ë·ÎÀÇ °è¾àÀÏ »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó(½Å¾ÓÀÌ °¡Àå ÈçÈ÷ ±×·¸°Ô ¿©°ÜÁöµíÀÌ), ½Å¾ÓÀº
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ̸ç, ±× °á°ú·Î »ç¶÷Àº
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í »ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ½Å¾ÓÀº
ÀλýÀÇ ÈûÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ê´Ù¸é ±×´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦
¹Ï´Â´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹«¾ùÀ» À§ÇØ »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
±×°¡ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×´Â »ìÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡
À¯ÇÑÇÑ °ÍÀÇ È¯»óÀû º»ÁúÀ» º¸°í ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×´Â
À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù; ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ À¯ÇÑÇÑ °ÍÀÇ È¯»óÀûÀÎ
º»ÁúÀ» ±ú´Ý´Â´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¹«ÇÑÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù.
½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾øÀÌ´Â ±×´Â »ì ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
And I recalled the whole course of my mental labour and was horrified.
It was now clear to me that for man to be able to live he must either not
see the infinite, or have such an explanation of the meaning of life as
will connect the finite with the infinite. Such an explanation I had had;
but as long as I believed in the finite I did not need the explanation,
and I began to verify it by reason. And in the light of reason the whole
of my former explanation flew to atoms. But a time came when I ceased to
believe in the finite. And then I began to build up on rational
foundations, out of what I knew, an explanation which would give a meaning
to life; but nothing could I build. Together with the best human
intellects I reached the result that o equals o, and was much astonished
at that conclusion, though nothing else could have resulted. |
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ¸ðµç °úÁ¤À»
±â¾ïÇϰí´Â ÀüÀ²Çß´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ì ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸·Á¸é ±×´Â
¹Ýµå½Ã ¹«ÇÑÇÔÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß Çϰųª, À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ»
¹«ÇÑÇÔ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â °Í °°Àº ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ
±×·¯ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÔÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ºÐ¸íÇØÁ³´Ù.
±×·¯ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ³ª´Â °¡Á³¾ú´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ»
¹Ï´Â ÇÑ ±× ¼³¸íÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â
±×°ÍÀ» À̼ºÀ¸·Î Áõ¸íÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í À̼ºÀÇ ºû
¾È¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ ÀÌÀü ¼³¸íÀÇ ÀüºÎ´Â ¿øÀÚµé·Î ³¯¾Æ
°¡¹ö·È´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ» ¹Ï±â¸¦ ±×¸¸µÎ´Â ¶§°¡
¿Ô´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¶§ ³ª´Â À̼ºÀûÀÎ Åä´ë À§¿¡¼, ³»°¡
¾Æ´Â °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, Àλý¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ÁÙ ¼³¸íÀ» ½×¾Æ °¡±â
½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÁöÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â
°¡Àå ¶Ù¾î³ Àΰ£ÀÇ Áö¼ºµé°ú ÇÔ²² O´Â O°¡ µÇ´Â °á°ú¿¡
µµ´ÞÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í, ºñ·Ï ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Îµµ ÃÊ·¡µÉ ¼ö
¾ø¾ú°ÚÁö¸¸, ±×·¯ÇÑ °á·Ð¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ³î¶ú´Ù. |
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What was I doing when I sought an answer in the experimental sciences?
I wished to know why I live, and for this purpose studied all that is
outside me. Evidently I might learn much, but nothing of what I needed. |
½ÇÇèÀû °úÇе鿡¼ ³»°¡ ÇØ´äÀ» ã°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ³ª´Â
¹«¾ùÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡? ³»°¡ ¿Ö »ç´ÂÁö ¾Ë°í ½Í¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ»
ޱ¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ³ª´Â ¸¹ÀÌ ¹è¿üÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª
³»°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. |
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What was I doing when I sought an answer in philosophical knowledge? I
was studying the thoughts of those who had found themselves in the same
position as I, lacking a reply to the question "why do I live?"
Evidently I could learn nothing but what I knew myself, namely that
nothing can be known. |
³»°¡ öÇÐÀû Áö½Ä¿¡¼ ÇØ´äÀ» ã°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ³ª´Â
¹«¾ùÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡? ³ª´Â ¡®¿Ö ³»°¡ »ç´Â°¡¡¯¶ó´Â
Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀº »©³õÀº ä·Î ³ª¿Í ¶È°°Àº À§Ä¡¿¡¼
ÀڽŵéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ç»óÀ» ޱ¸Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ½º½º·Î ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í¸¸À» ¹è¿ï ¼ö
ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. |
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What am I? -- A part of the infinite. In those few words lies the whole
problem. |
³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?-¹«ÇÑÇÔÀÇ ÀϺκÐ. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸î ¸¶µðÀÇ
¸»¿¡ Àüü ¹®Á¦°¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù. |
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Is it possible that humanity has only put that question to itself since
yesterday? And can no one before me have set himself that question -- a
question so simple, and one that springs to the tongue of every wise
child? |
Àηù°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾îÁ¦ºÎÅÍ ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ Àڽſ¡°Ô
³»³õ¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ±î? ±×¸®°í ³ª ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×
¹®Á¦¸¦ ½º½º·Î Á¦±âÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ»±î-³Ê¹«³ª ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¹®Á¦,
±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ÁöÇý·Î¿î ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ Çô¿¡¼ Á¶Â÷ Æ¢¾î ³ª¿Ã
¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀε¥µµ? |
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Surely that question has been asked since man began; and naturally for
the solution of that question since man began it has been equally
insufficient to compare the finite with the finite and the infinite with
the infinite, and since man began the relation of the finite to the
infinite has been sought out and expressed. |
È®½ÇÈ÷ ±×·± Áú¹®Àº Àΰ£ÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÇ¸é¼ Á¦±âµÇ¾î
¿Ô´Ù; ±×¸®°í ´ç¿¬È÷µµ Àΰ£ÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±×·±
¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇØ´äÀ» À§Çؼ À¯ÇÑÇÔÀ» À¯ÇÑÇÔ°ú ±×¸®°í
¹«ÇÑÇÔÀ» ¹«ÇÑÇÔÀ¸·Î ºñ±³ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº °øÈ÷
ºÒÃæºÐÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í Àΰ£ÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÈÄ·Î À¯ÇÑÇÔ°ú
¹«ÇÑÇÔÀÇ °ü°è´Â Ãß±¸µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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All these conceptions in which the finite has been adjusted to the
infinite and a meaning found for life-the conception of God, of will, of
goodness-we submit to logical examination. And all those conceptions fail
to stand reason's criticism. |
ÀÌ ¸ðµç °³³äµé, À¯ÇÑÇÔÀÌ ¹«ÇÑÇÔ¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î Áö°í
Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ̰¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç °³³äµé-Çϳª´Ô,
ÀÇÁö, ¼±ÀÇ °³³ä-À» ¿ì¸®´Â ³í¸®Àû °ËÁõ¿¡ ¸Ã±ä´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±× ¸ðµç °³³äµéÀº À̼ºÀÇ ºñÆÇ¿¡ ¸Â¼³ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
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Were it not so terrible it would be ludicrous with what pride and
self-satisfaction we, like children, pull the watch to pieces, take out
the spring, make a toy of it, and are then surprised that the watch does
not go. |
±×°ÍÀÌ ±×¸® ¹«¼·Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ÀÚ¸¸°ú Àڱ⸸Á·À¸·Î
¿ì¸®°¡, ¾î¸°¾ÆÀ̵éó·³, ½Ã°è¸¦ Àâ¾Æ´ç°Ü Á¶°¢À» ³»°í,
½ºÇÁ¸µÀ» ²¨³»¼, ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î Àå³Çϸç, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ±×
½Ã°è°¡ °¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ³î¶ó¸é ¿ì½º²Î½º·´Áö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡ |
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A solution of the contradiction between the finite and the infinite,
and such a reply to the question of life as will make it possible to live,
is necessary and precious. And that is the only solution which we find
everywhere, always, and among all peoples: a solution descending from
times in which we lose sight of the life of man, a solution so difficult
that we can compose nothing like it -and this solution we light-heartedly
destroy in order again to set the same question, which is natural to
everyone and to which we have no answer. |
À¯ÇÑÇÔ°ú ¹«ÇÑÇÔ »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀÇ ÇØ°á, ±×¸®°í ÀλýÀ»
»ì¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ
´ë´äÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í ±ÍÁßÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡
¾î´À °÷¿¡³ª, ¾ðÁ¦³ª, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡¼ ã´Â
À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇØ°áÀÌ´Ù: »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ ½Ã°¢À» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸°
½Ã´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀüÇØÁ® ¿Â ÇØ´ä, ³Ê¹«³ª ¾î·Á¿ö¼ ÇØ´ä °°Àº
°ÍÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÇØ´ä-±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ÇØ´äÀ»
°¡º¿î ¸¶À½À¸·Î ÆÄ±«ÇÏ¿© ¶È°°Àº Áú¹®À» Á¦±âÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª ´ç¿¬Çϸç, ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
´ë´äÀº ¾ø´Ù. |
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The conception of an infinite god, the divinity of the soul, the
connexion of human affairs with God, the unity and existence of the soul,
man's conception of moral goodness and evil -- are conceptions
formulated in the hidden infinity of human thought, they are those
conceptions without which neither life nor I should exist; yet rejecting
all that labour of the whole of humanity, I wished to remake it afresh
myself and in my own manner. |
¹«ÇÑÇÑ ½ÅÀÇ °³³ä, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ½Å¼º, »ç¶÷ÀÇ Àϵé°ú
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °ü·Ã, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕ°ú Á¸Àç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ µµ´öÀû
¼±ÇÔ°ú ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³ä-Àº Àΰ£ »ç»óÀÇ ¼û°ÜÁø ¹«ÇÑ¿¡¼
Çü¼ºµÈ °³³äµéÀ̸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ °³³äÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é Àλýµµ ³ªµµ
Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ±×·¯³ª Àüü ÀηùÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç
³ë·ÂÀ» °ÅºÎÇϸé¼, ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ½º½º·Î ±×¸®°í ³ª
ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î »õ·Ó°Ô ´ÜÀåÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
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I did not then think like that, but the germs of these thoughts were
already in me. I understood, in the first place, that my position with
Schopenhauer and Solomon, notwithstanding our wisdom, was stupid: we see
that life is an evil and yet continue to live. That is evidently stupid,
for if life is senseless and I am so fond of what is reasonable, it should
be destroyed, and then there would be no one to challenge it. Secondly, I
understood that all one's reasonings turned in a vicious circle like a
wheel out of gear with its pinion. However much and however well we may
reason we cannot obtain a reply to the question; and o will always equal
o, and therefore our path is probably erroneous. Thirdly, I began to
understand that in the replies given by faith is stored up the deepest
human wisdom and that I had no right to deny them on the ground of reason,
and that those answers are the only ones which reply to life's question. |
±×¶§ ³ª´Â ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
»ý°¢µéÀÇ ¾¾¾ÑÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ³ªÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ù¹øÂ°·Î,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁöÇý¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î ¹× ¼Ö·Î¸ó°ú
ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ³ªÀÇ À§Ä¡´Â ¾î¸®¼®Àº °ÍÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù:
¿ì¸®´Â ÀλýÀº ¾ÇÀÌ´Ù ±×·¯³ª °è¼Ó »ì¾Æ°£´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¾È´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾î¸®¼®´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸¸ÀÏ ÀλýÀÌ
Àǹ̰¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ³»°¡ À̼ºÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº
ÆÄ±«µÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±×·¯¸é ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ
¾Æ¹«µµ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î, ³ª´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
Ãß·ÐÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ±â¾î¿¡¼ ºüÁ® ³ª¿Â ¹ÙÄûó·³ ¾Ç¼øÈ¯¿¡
ºüÁ³À½À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹ÀÌ ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«¸®
ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô Ãß·ÐÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ±× Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö
¾ø´Ù; ±×¸®°í O´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª OÀÏ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
±æÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ À߸øµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹øÂ°·Î, ³ª´Â °¡Àå
±íÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ÁöÇý´Â ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ´ë´äµé
¾È¿¡ Â÷°îÂ÷°î ½×¿© ÀÖ´Ù ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â À̼ºÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î
ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍµéÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µé ´ë´äÀº
ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ °ÍµéÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ»
±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
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