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¡¡ |
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VIII |
VIII |
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¡¡ |
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All these doubts, which I am now able to
express more or less systematically, I could not then have expressed. I
then only felt that however logically inevitable were my conclusions
concerning the vanity of life, confirmed as they were by the greatest
thinkers, there was something not right about them. Whether it was in the
reasoning itself or in the statement of the question I did not know -- I
only felt that the conclusion was rationally convincing, but that that was
insufficient. All these conclusions could not so convince me as to make me
do what followed from my reasoning, that is to say, kill myself. And I
should have told an untruth had I, without killing myself, said that
reason had brought me to the point I had reached. Reason worked, but
something else was also working which I can only call a consciousness of
life. A force was working which compelled me to turn my attention to this
and not to that; and it was this force which extricated me from my
desperate situation and turned my mind in quite another direction. This
force compelled me to turn my attention to the fact that I and a few
hundred similar people are not the whole of mankind, and that I did not
yet know the life of mankind. |
ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀÇȤµéÀº, ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ù¼Ò ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×¶§´Â Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±× ´ç½Ã
´ÜÁö ÀλýÀÇ Ç㹫ÇÔ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ³ªÀÇ °á·ÐµéÀÌ, ºñ·Ï
À§´ëÇÑ »ç»ó°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È®ÀεǾúÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ¹«¸®
³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ,
±×°Íµé¿¡ °üÇØ¼´Â ¿ÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í
´À²¼´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ Ãß·Ð ÀÚü¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é Àǹ®¿¡
°üÇÑ ¹ß¾ðÀ̾ú´ÂÁö ³ª´Â ¸ô¶ú´Ù-³ª´Â ´ÜÁö ±× °á·ÐÀÌ
À̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ºÒÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù°í ´À²¼´Ù. ³ªÀÇ
Ã߷п¡ µû¸¥ °ÍÀ» ³»°¡ ÇàÇϵµ·Ï Çϱ⿡´Â, Áï,
ÀÚ»ìÇϱ⿡´Â, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °á·ÐµéÀº ³ª¸¦ º°·Î ³³µæ½ÃŰÁö
¸øÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³»°¡, ÀÚ»ìÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼, À̼ºÀÌ ³ª¸¦
³»°¡ µµ´ÞÇß´ø ÁöÁ¡¿¡ ³ª¸¦ µ¥·Á´Ù ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
³ª´Â °ÅÁþÀ» ¸»ÇßÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À̼ºÀº ÀÛ¿ëÇß´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀλýÀ» ÀǽÄÇÔÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ÀÛ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ´Ù¸¥
°÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À̰÷À¸·Î µ¹¸®µµ·Ï °¿äÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ÈûÀÌ
ÀÛ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª¸¦ Àý¸ÁÀû »óȲ¿¡¼
±¸ÃâÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ³ªÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¥ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î µ¹¸°
°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ÈûÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÈûÀº ³ªÀÇ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ³ª¿Í
¼ö¹é ¸íÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àüü Àηù°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ³ª´Â
¾ÆÁ÷ ÀηùÀÇ ÀλýÀ» ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ µ¹¸®µµ·Ï ³ª¸¦
°¿äÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
Looking at the narrow circle of my equals,
I saw only people who had not understood the question, or who had
understood it and drowned it in life's intoxication, or had understood
it and ended their lives, or had understood it and yet from weakness were
living out their desperate life. And I saw no others. It seemed to me that
that narrow circle of rich, learned, and leisured people to which I
belonged formed the whole of humanity, and that those milliards of others
who have lived and are living were cattle of some sort-not real people. |
³ª¿Í Á¼Àº ¹üÀ§¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ³ªÀÇ µ¿·ùµéÀ» ÃÄ´Ù º¸¸é¼,
³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±× Áú¹®À» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇ߰ųª, ±×°ÍÀ»
±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª Àλý¿¡ µµÃëµÇ¾î ºüÁ®¹ö·È°Å³ª, ±×°ÍÀ»
±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª ±×µéÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ³¡³»¹ö·È°Å³ª, ±×°ÍÀ»
±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³ª¾àÇÔÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÇ Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ ÀλýÀ»
»ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ¾Æ¹«µµ
º¸Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ³»°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¼Àº ¹üÀ§ÀÇ
ºÎÀ¯Çϰí, ÇÐ½Ä ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿©À¯ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àüü
Àηù¸¦ Çü¼ºÇϸç, »ì¾Æ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç; »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Â ±×µé
¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ °¡Ãà-ÁøÂ¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ñ-ó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. |
|
Strange, incredibly incomprehensible as it
now seems to me that I could, while reasoning about life, overlook the
whole life of mankind that surrounded me on all sides; that I could to
such a degree blunder so absurdly as to think that my life, and
Solomon's and Schopenhauer's, is the real, normal life, and that the
life of the milliards is a circumstance undeserving of attention-strange
as this now is to me, I see that so it was. In the delusion of my pride of
intellect it seemed to me so indubitable that I and Solomon and
Schopenhauer had stated the question so truly and exactly that nothing
else was possible-so indubitable did it seem that all those milliards
consisted of men who had not yet arrived at an apprehension of all the
profundity of the question-that I sought for the meaning of my life
without it once occurring to me to ask: "But what meaning is and has
been given to their lives by all the milliards of common folk who live and
have lived in the world?" |
Àλý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Ãß·ÐÇϸé¼, ¸ðµç Ãø¸é¿¡¼ ³ª¸¦
µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â ÀηùÀÇ Àüü ÀλýÀ» °£°úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â
°Í; ³»°¡ ±×·± Á¤µµ·Î ³Ê¹« ¾îó±¸´Ï ¾øÀÌ ½Ç¼öÇÏ¿©¼
³ªÀÇ Àλý, ±×¸®°í ¼Ö·Î¸óÀÇ Àλý ±×¸®°í ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾îÀÇ
ÀλýÀ» »ç½ÇÀûÀ̸ç Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ÀλýÀ̸ç, ¼ö½Ê¾ï
Àα¸µéÀÇ ÀλýÀº ÁÖÀǸ¦ °¡Áú Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Â ºÎÂ÷ÀûÀÎ
¹®Á¦·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌÁ¦
ÀÌ»óÇÏ°í ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù-À̰ÍÀÌ
Áö±Ý ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌ»óÇÏÁö¸¸, ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×·¯ÇßÀ½À»
¾È´Ù. ³ªÀÇ Áö¼ºÀÇ ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀ̶õ Âø°¢ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ³ª ±×¸®°í
¼Ö·Î¸ó ±×¸®°í ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î°¡ ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³Ê¹« Áø½ÇµÇ¸ç
Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾ð±ÞÇÏ¿©¼ ³»°Ô´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ½ÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ºÐ¸íÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù-¼ö½Ê¾ïÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±× Áú¹®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ½É¿ÀÇÔÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿¡ ¾ÆÁ÷
µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª
ºÐ¸íÇØ º¸¿´´Ù-³ª´Â ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ã¾Ò´Ù Çѹøµµ ³»°¡
¹°¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¶°¿Ã¸®Áöµµ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼: ¡®±×·¯³ª ¼¼»ó¿¡
»ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ¿Â ¸ðµç ¼ö½Ê¾ïÀÇ º¸Åë »ç¶÷µé¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µéÀÇ Àλý¿¡ ¹«½¼ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹«½¼ Àǹ̰¡
ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Â°¡?¡¯ |
|
I long lived in this state of lunacy,
which, in fact if not in words, is particularly characteristic of us very
liberal and learned people. But thanks either to the strange physical
affection I have for the real labouring people, which compelled me to
understand them and to see that they are not so stupid as we suppose, or
thanks to the sincerity of my conviction that I could know nothing beyond
the fact that the best I could do was to hang myself, at any rate I
instinctively felt that if I wished to live and understand the meaning of
life, I must seek this meaning not among those who have lost it and wish
to kill themselves, but among those milliards of the past and the present
who make life and who support the burden of their own lives and of ours
also. And I considered the enormous masses of those simple, unlearned, and
poor people who have lived and are living and I saw something quite
different. I saw that, with rare exceptions, all those milliards who have
lived and are living do not fit into my divisions, and that I could not
class them as not understanding the question, for they themselves state it
and reply to it with extraordinary clearness. Nor could I consider them
epicureans, for their life consists more of privations and sufferings than
of enjoyments. Still less could I consider them as irrationally dragging
on a meaningless existence, for every act of their life, as well as death
itself, is explained by them. To kill themselves they consider the
greatest evil. It appeared that all mankind had a knowledge,
unacknowledged and despised by me, of the meaning of life. It appeared
that reasonable knowledge does not give the meaning of life, but excludes
life: while the meaning attributed to life by milliards of people, by all
humanity, rests on some despised pseudo-knowledge. |
³ª´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀÌ»ó ¼Ó¿¡ »ì¾ÒÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍÀº, »ç½Ç»ó ¸»·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, ¿ì¸®°°ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì
ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀûÀ̸ç ÇÐ½Ä ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ƯÈ÷ µÎµå·¯Á³´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ»óÇÑ Çö½Ç¿¡¼ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡Áø
³ªÀÇ ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ¾ÖÂø ¶§¹®À¸·Î¼ ±×µéÀº ³ª·Î
ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¸ç ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ »ó»óÇÏ´Â
°Íó·³ ±×·¸°Ô ¿ìµÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¶Ç ³»°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
ÃÖ¼±Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¸ñ¸Å´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª¼´Â
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â ³ªÀÇ È®½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁöÇÔ ¶§¹®¿¡, ¾î·µç
³ª´Â, ³»°¡ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ »ì¾Æ¼ ±ú´Ý°í ½Í´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â
±×°ÍÀ» ÀÒ¾î ¹ö¸®°í ÀÚ»ìÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé
»çÀÌ¿¡¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×·¯³ª ÀλýÀ» ¿µÀ§ÇØ °¡¸ç Àڽŵé
½º½º·Î ¹× ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ Áü ¶ÇÇÑ Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °ú°Å¿Í ÇöÀçÀÇ
¼ö½Ê¾ï »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼, ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î ´À²¼´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç »ì°í ÀÖ´Â,
´Ü¼øÇϸç, ¹è¿ìÁö ¸øÇϰí, ±×¸®°í °¡³ÇÑ ±× ¾öû³ª°Ô
¸¹Àº ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁß »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¼÷°íÇÏ¿´´Ù ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â
»ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â, µå¹® ¿¹¿ÜµéÀº
ÀÖÁö¸¸, ³ªÀÇ ºÐ·ù¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ
ÀÖ´Â ±× ¸ðµç ¼ö½Ê¾ïÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â
±×µéÀÌ Áú¹®À» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø¾úÀ¸´Ï, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀº º¸ÅëÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ
¸í·áÇÔÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ¸ç ±×°Í¿¡ ´ë´äÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÓÀ»
±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ³ª´Â ±×µéÀ» Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇÀÚ·Î °£ÁÖÇÒ ¼öµµ
¾ø¾úÀ¸´Ï, ±×µéÀÇ ÀλýÀº Áñ°Å¿òº¸´Ù´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº ±ÃÇ̰ú
°íÅëÀ¸·Î ¾ó·èÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ÀÇ¹Ì ¾ø´Â Á¸À縦
Å͹«´Ï ¾øÀÌ ÁúÁú ²ô´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÀüÇô °£ÁÖÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ±×µé ÀλýÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÇàÀ§, Á×À½ ÀÚü ¸¶Àúµµ,
±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³¸íµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ»ìÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±×µéÀº
°¡Àå Å« ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù. ¸ðµç Àηù´Â, ³ª¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
ÀÎÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í °æ¸ê µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. À̼ºÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀº
ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ÀλýÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ´Â °Íó·³
º¸ÀδÙ: ÇÑÆí ¼ö½Ê¾ï »ç¶÷µé, Àüü Àηù¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
Àλý¿¡ ºÎ¿©µÈ Àǹ̴ °æ¸ê µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ À¯»ç
Áö½Ä¿¡ ±âÃÊÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Rational knowledge presented by the
learned and wise, denies the meaning of life, but the enormous masses of
men, the whole of mankind receive that meaning in irrational knowledge.
And that irrational knowledge is faith, that very thing which I could not
but reject. It is God, One in Three; the creation in six days; the devils
and angels, and all the rest that I cannot accept as long as I retain my
reason. |
ÇÐÀÚµé°ú ÇöÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¦½ÃµÈ À̼ºÀû Áö½ÄÀº,
ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹Àº ÀϹÝ
´ëÁß, Àüü Àηù´Â ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ¸·Î ±×·± Àǹ̸¦
¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·± ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀº ½Å¾ÓÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ±×°ÍÀº ³»°¡ °ÅºÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ´Ù, »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ; À°ÀÏ ¸¸ÀÇ
âÁ¶; ¾Ç¸¶¿Í õ»çµé, ±×¸®°í ³ª¸ÓÁö ¸ðµç °Íµé·Î¼
³»°¡ À̼ºÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
My position was terrible. I knew I could
find nothing along the path of reasonable knowledge except a denial of
life; and there -- in faith -- was nothing but a denial of reason, which
was yet more impossible for me than a denial of life. From rational
knowledge it appeared that life is an evil, people know this and it is in
their power to end life; yet they lived and still live, and I myself live,
though I have long known that life is senseless and an evil. By faith it
appears that in order to understand the meaning of life I must renounce my
reason, the very thing for which alone a meaning is required. |
³ªÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀº µÎ·Á¿ü´Ù. ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ÀλýÀÇ ºÎÀÎÇÔ
À̿ܿ¡´Â À̼ºÀûÀÎ ±æÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸é¼ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹ß°ßÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×°÷¿¡-½Å¾Ó¿¡´Â-¿ÀÁ÷
À̼ºÀÇ ºÎÁ¤ ¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³»°Ô
ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀλýÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̼ºÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀλýÀº ¾ÇÀ̸ç,
»ç¶÷µéÀº À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸ç ±×¸®°í ÀλýÀ» ³¡³»´Â °ÍÀÌ
±×µéÀÇ ±ÇÇÑ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº
»ì¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ºñ·Ï ³ª´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È
ÀλýÀº ¹«ÀǹÌÇÏ¸ç ¾ÇÀ̶ó°í ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ³ª Àڽŵµ
»ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½Å¾Ó¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´Ý±â
À§Çؼ ³ª´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ³ªÀÇ À̼º, ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀ» À§ÇØ
Àǹ̰¡ ºÎ¿©µÇ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°ÍÀ» Æ÷±âÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³
º¸ÀδÙ. |
|
¡¡
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