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VII |
VII |
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¡¡ |
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Not finding an explanation in science I
began to seek for it in life, hoping to find it among the people around
me. And I began to observe how the people around me -- people like myself
-- lived, and what their attitude was to this question which had brought
me to despair. |
°úÇп¡¼ ¼³¸íÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇÏÀÚ ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» »î¿¡¼
ã±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù, ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ³ªÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé
¾È¿¡¼ ã°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ ÁÖº¯ »ç¶÷µé-³ª¿Í
°°Àº »ç¶÷µé-ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Ò´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ³ª¸¦ Àý¸ÁÀ¸·Î
¸ô°í °£ ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ Åµµ´Â ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö °üÂûÇϱâ
½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
And this is what I found among people who
were in the same position as myself as regards education and manner of
life. |
±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀº ±³À°°ú »ýȰÀÇ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ³ª¿Í
°°Àº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´ø »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ³»°¡ ãÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
I found that for people of my circle there
were four ways out of the terrible position in which we are all placed. |
³ªÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡
Ã³ÇØÀÖ´Â µÎ·Á¿î À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ª±â À§ÇØ ³× °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ
ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. |
|
The first was that of ignorance. It
consists in not knowing, not understanding, that life is an evil and an
absurdity. People of this sort -- chiefly women, or very young or very
dull people -- have not yet understood that question of life which
presented itself to Schopenhauer, Solomon, and Buddha. They see neither
the dragon that awaits them nor the mice gnawing the shrub by which they
are hanging, and they lick the drops of honey. But they lick those drops
of honey only for a while: something will turn their attention to the
dragon and the mice, and there will be an end to their licking. From them
I had nothing to learn -- one cannot cease to know what one does know. |
ù ¹øÂ°´Â ¹«Áö¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀλýÀº
¾ÇÀÌ¸ç ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸ð¸£°Å³ª ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ·ùÀÇ »ç¶÷µé-ÁÖ·Î ¿©ÀÚµé, ¶Ç´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾î¸®°Å³ª
¶Ç´Â ¸Å¿ì µÐÇÑ »ç¶÷µé-Àº ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î, ¼Ö·Î¸ó, ±×¸®°í
ºÎó¿¡°Ô Á¦±âµÈ ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®À» ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö
¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ëÀ̳ª ±×µéÀÌ ¸Å´Þ·Á
ÀÖ´Â ³ª¹µ°¡Áö¸¦ °¦¾Æ ¸Ô´Â »ýÁ㸦 º¸Áö ¸øÇϸç,
±×·¯¸é¼ ±×µéÀº ²ÜÀ» ÇÓ¾Æ ¸Ô°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº
²Ü ¹æ¿ïÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ Àá½Ã¸¸ ÇÓ¾Æ ¸Ô´Â´Ù: ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ±×µéÀÇ
½Ã¼±À» ¿ëÀ̳ª »ýÁã¿¡°Ô·Î µ¹¸± °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×·¯¸é ±×µéÀÇ
ÇÓ¾Æ ¸ÔÀ½Àº ³¡ÀÌ ³´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹è¿ï
°ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù-½º½º·Î°¡ ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀ» ±×°¡ ¾Ë±â¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. |
|
The second way out is epicureanism. It
consists, while knowing the hopelessness of life, in making use meanwhile
of the advantages one has, disregarding the dragon and the mice, and
licking the honey in the best way, especially if there is much of it
within reach. Solomon expresses this way out thus: "Then I commended
mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and
to drink, and to be merry: and that this should accompany him in his
labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun. |
µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ Å»Ãâ ¹æ¹ýÀº Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇÀÌ´Ù. ÀλýÀÇ Èñ¸Á
¾øÀ½À» ¾Ë°í¼, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °¡Áø °ÍÀ» Ȱ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡,
¿ë°ú »ýÁã´Â ¹«½ÃÇØ ¹ö¸°´Ù, ±×¸®°í, ƯÈ÷ ¼Õ¿¡ ´Ý´Â ÇÑ
¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ²ÜÀ» ÇӴ´Ù. ¼Ö·Î¸óÀº
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Å»Ãâ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ±×·¸°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù: ¡®ÀÌ¿¡ ³»°¡
Èñ¶ôÀ» ĪÂùÇϳë´Ï ÀÌ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸Ô°í ¸¶½Ã°í
Áñ°Å¿öÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ ³ªÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾øÀ½À̶ó
Çϳª´ÔÀÌ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ »ì°Ô ÇϽг¯ µ¿¾È
¼ö°íÇÏ´Â Áß¿¡ À̰ÍÀÌ Ç×»ó ÇÔ²² ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̴϶ó.¡¯ |
|
"Therefore eat thy bread with joy and
drink thy wine with a merry heart.... Live joyfully with the wife whom
thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity...for this is thy
portion in life and in thy labours which thou takest under the sun....
Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might, for there is not
work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou
goest." |
¡®±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³Ê´Â °¡¼ ±â»ÝÀ¸·Î ³× ½Ä¹°À» ¸Ô°í
Áñ°Å¿î ¸¶À½À¸·Î ³× Æ÷µµÁÖ¸¦ ¸¶½ÇÁö¾î´Ù... ³× ÇêµÈ
Æò»ýÀÇ ¸ðµç ³¯ °ð Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ ³×°Ô ÁֽЏðµç
ÇêµÈ ³¯¿¡ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ¾Æ³»¿Í ÇÔ²² Áñ°Ì°Ô »ìÁö¾î´Ù ÀÌ´Â
³×°¡ ÀÏ Æò»ý¿¡ ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ ¼ö°íÇÏ°í ¾òÀº ºÐº¹À̴϶ó...
¹«¸© ³× ¼ÕÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ´çÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÈûÀ» ´ÙÇÏ¿© ÇÒÁö¾î´Ù
³×°¡ ÀåÂ÷ µé¾î°¥ À½ºÎ¿¡´Â Àϵµ ¾ø°í °èȹµµ ¾ø°í
Áö½Äµµ ¾ø°í ÁöÇýµµ ¾øÀ½À̴϶ó.¡¯ |
|
That is the way in which the majority of
people of our circle make life possible for themselves. Their
circumstances furnish them with more of welfare than of hardship, and
their moral dullness makes it possible for them to forget that the
advantage of their position is accidental, and that not everyone can have
a thousand wives and palaces like Solomon, that for everyone who has a
thousand wives there are a thousand without a wife, and that for each
palace there are a thousand people who have to build it in the sweat of
their brows; and that the accident that has today made me a Solomon may
tomorrow make me a Solomon's slave. The dullness of these people's
imagination enables them to forget the things that gave Buddha no peace --
the inevitability of sickness, old age, and death, which today or tomorrow
will destroy all these pleasures. |
±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸® ºÎ·ùÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô
ÀλýÀ» °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ »óȲÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô
¿ª°æº¸´Ù´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº ÇູÀ» °¡Á®´Ù ÁØ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ
µµ´öÀû µÐ°¨ÇÔÀÌ ±×µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§ÀÇ
À¯¸®ÇÔÀÌ ¿ì¿¬À̰í, ´©±¸³ª°¡ ¼Ö·Î¸óó·³ ¼öõÀÇ
¾Æ³»¿Í ±ÃÀüÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϸç, ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦
°¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ ¾Æ³» ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í ±ÃÀü¸¶´Ù ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̸¶¿¡ ¶¡À»
È긮¸ç Áö¾î¾ß Çß°í; ±×¸®°í ¿À´Ã ³ª¸¦ ¼Ö·Î¸óÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç
¿ì¿¬ÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ¼Ö·Î¸óÀÇ ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À»
Àؾî¹ö¸®°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ó»ó·ÂÀÇ µÐÇÔÀÌ
ºÎó¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«·± Æòȸ¦ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇÑ °Íµé-ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â
Áúº´, ´ÄÀ½, ±×¸®°í Á×À½, ±×¸®°í À̰͵éÀº ¿À´ÃÀ̳ª
³»ÀÏ ±× ¸ðµç Áñ°Å¿ò µéÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ¿© ¹ö¸± °Íµé-À» ±×µé·Î
ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸®°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
So think and feel the majority of people
of our day and our manner of life. The fact that some of these people
declare the dullness of their thoughts and imaginations to be a
philosophy, which they call Positive, does not remove them, in my opinion,
from the ranks of those who, to avoid seeing the question, lick the honey.
I could not imitate these people; not having their dullness of imagination
I could not artificially produce it in myself. I could not tear my eyes
from the mice and the dragon, as no vital man can after he has once seen
them. |
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¹× ¿ì¸®¿Í °°Àº ÀλýÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áø
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé ÁßÀÇ
ÀϺΰ¡ ±×µéÀÇ »ç»ó°ú »ó»ó·ÂÀÌ µÐÇÔÀ» öÇÐÀ̶ó°í
ºÎ¸£¸ç À̸¦ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ, ±×µéÀ»,
³ªÀÇ Àǰ߻óÀÌÁö¸¸, Áú¹®À» Á÷½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿© ²ÜÀ» ÇÓ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ºÐ·ù¿¡¼ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ¿©
ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Èä³» ³¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; ³ª´Â
±×µéÀÇ µÐÇÑ »ó»ó·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±×°ÍÀ»
ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¸¸µé¾î ³¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×
»ýÁã¿Í ¿ëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ªÀÇ ´«À» ¶¼¾î ³õÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù,
¸¶Ä¡ ¾î¶² »ý»ýÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ±×°¡ Çѹø ±×°ÍµéÀ» º¸°í
³ª¼´Â ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³. |
|
The third escape is that of strength and
energy. It consists in destroying life, when one has understood that it is
an evil and an absurdity. A few exceptionally strong and consistent people
act so. Having understood the stupidity of the joke that has been played
on them, and having understood that it is better to be dead than to be
alive, and that it is best of all not to exist, they act accordingly and
promptly end this stupid joke, since there are means: a rope round one's
neck, water, a knife to stick into one's heart, or the trains on the
railways; and the number of those of our circle who act in this way
becomes greater and greater, and for the most part they act so at the best
time of their life, when the strength of their mind is in full bloom and
few habits degrading to the mind have as yet been acquired. |
¼¼ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ µµÇÇ´Â Èû°ú Ȱ·Â¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
ÀλýÀ» ¾ÇÀÌ°í ºÒÇÕ¸®¶ó°í ±ú´ÞÀ» ¶§¿¡, »ý¸íÀ»
ÆÄ±«Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϺΠ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î °ÀÎÇÏ¸ç ¸ð¼øÀÌ
¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´Ù. ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÆîÃÄÁø
Àå³ÀÇ ¾î¸®¼®À½À» ±ú´Ý°í, ±×¸®°í »ì±â º¸´Ù´Â Á×´Â
°ÍÀÌ ³ªÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ´Ù°í
±ú´Ý°í¼, ±×µéÀº ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¾î¸®¼®Àº Àå³À»
À绡¸® ³¡³½´Ù, ¼ö´ÜµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î: ¸ñ¿¡ ¹åÁÙÀ» °¨°Å³ª,
¹°, °¡½¿¿¡ Ä®À» ²ÈÀ¸¸ç, ¶Ç´Â ö±æÀÇ ±âÂ÷µé·Î¼;
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®µé ºÎ·ùÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ö´Â Á¡Á¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ã¾î°£´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÁÖ·Î ±×µéÀº
±×µéÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ °¡Àå ÇÑâ ¶§¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´Ù, ±×µéÀÇ
¸¶À½ÀÇ ÈûÀÌ °¡Àå ¿Õ¼ºÇÏ¸ç ¸¶À½À» Ÿ¶ô½ÃŰ´Â ¾î¶²
½À°üµéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ Çü¼ºµÇ±âµµ Àü¿¡. |
|
I saw that this was the worthiest way of
escape and I wished to adopt it. |
³ª´Â À̰ÍÀÌ µµÇÇÀÇ °¡Àå °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÓÀ» ±ú´Ý°í
±×°ÍÀ» äÅÃÇÏ°í ½Í¾ú´Ù. |
|
The fourth way out is that of weakness. It
consists in seeing the truth of the situation and yet clinging to life,
knowing in advance that nothing can come of it. People of this kind know
that death is better than life, but not having the strength to act
rationally-to end the deception quickly and kill themselves-they seem to
wait for something. This is the escape of weakness, for if I know what is
best and it is within my power, why not yield to what is best? ... I found
myself in that category. |
³× ¹øÂ°·Î ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ³ª¾àÇÔÀÌ´Ù. »óȲÀÇ
Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý°í ±×¸®°í Àλý¿¡ ¸Å´Þ¸°´Ù, ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¾È´Ù. ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀº Á×À½ÀÌ »îº¸´Ù ³´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù, ±×·¯³ª
À̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇÒ ÈûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù-°ÅÁþÀ» »¡¸®
³¡³»°í ÀÚ»ìÇÒ Èû-±×µéÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â
°Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. À̰ÍÀº ³ª¾à ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ µµÇÇÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³»°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁÀºÁö ¾Ë°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ªÀÇ
´É·Â ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿Ö °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °Í¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏÁö
¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡?... ³ª´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹üÁÖ¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. |
|
So people of my class evade the terrible
contradiction in four ways. Strain my attention as I would, I saw no way
except those four. One way was not to understand that life is senseless,
vanity, and an evil, and that it is better not to live. I could not help
knowing this, and when I once knew it could not shut my eyes to it. The
second way was to use life such as it is without thinking of the future.
And I could not do that. I, like Sakya Muni, could not ride out hunting
when I knew that old age, suffering, and death exist. My imagination was
too vivid. Nor could I rejoice in the momentary accidents that for an
instant threw pleasure to my lot. The third way, having under stood that
life is evil and stupid, was to end it by killing oneself. I understood
that, but somehow still did not kill myself. The fourth way was to live
like Solomon and Schopenhauer-knowing that life is a stupid joke played
upon us, and still to go on living, washing oneself, dressing, dining,
talking, and even writing books. This was to me repulsive and tormenting,
but I remained in that position. |
±×·¡¼ ³ª¿Í °°Àº °èÃþÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³×°¡ Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î
¹«¼¿î ¸ð¼øÀ» ȸÇÇÇÑ´Ù. ³»°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® °ü½ÉÀ»
°¡Á®º¸¾Æµµ, ±×µé ³× °¡Áö ¿ÜÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº º¸Áö ¸øÇß´Ù.
ÇѰ¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº ÀλýÀÌ ÀÇ¹Ì ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÇêµÇ°í, ¾ÇÀ̶õ
°Í°ú ±×¸®°í »ìÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» À» ±ú´ÝÁö
¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ÀÏ´Ü ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÒÀ» ¶§´Â ±×°Í¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ
´«À» °¨À» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ¹æ¹ýÀº ÀλýÀ» ¹Ì·¡¸¦
»ý°¢ÇÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â
±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â, ¼®°¡¸ð´Ï¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªµµ, ´ÄÀ½,
°íÅë, ±×¸®°í Á×À½ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼ »ç³ÉÀ»
ÇÏ·¯ Ÿ°í ³ª°¥ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³ªÀÇ »ó»ó·ÂÀº ³Ê¹«³ª
»ý»ýÇÏ´Ù. Àá½Ã µ¿¾È ³ªÀÇ ¿î¸í¿¡ Äè¶ôÀ» ´øÁ®ÁÖ´Â
¼ø°£ÀûÀÎ ¿ì¿¬µé¿¡ ±â»µÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ¹æ¹ýÀº,
ÀλýÀÌ ¾ÇÀÌ¸ç ¾î¸®¼®´Ù°í ±ú´Ý°í¼, ÀÚ»ìÇÔÀ¸·Î½á
±×°ÍÀ» ³¡³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¾î·µç
ÀÚ»ìÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³× ¹øÂ° ¹æ¹ýÀº ¼Ö·Î¸ó°ú
¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾îó·³ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-ÀλýÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÆîÃÄÁø
¾î¸®¼®Àº Àå³ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼µµ, ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ì¾Æ°¡¸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀ»
¾Ä°í, ÀÔ°í, ¸ÔÀ¸¸ç, ¸»Çϸç, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î Ã¥µµ ½á°¡´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ³»°Ô ¿ª°Ü¿ü°í °íÅ뽺·¯¿üÁö¸¸, ³ª´Â
±×·± ÀÔÀå¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
|
I see now that if I did not kill myself it
was due to some dim consciousness of the invalidity of my thoughts.
However convincing and indubitable appeared to me the sequence of my
thoughts and of those of the wise that have brought us to the admission of
the senselessness of life, there remained in me a vague doubt of the
justice of my conclusion. |
³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ³»°¡ ÀÚ»ìÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ
»ý°¢µéÀÌ Å¸´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ Èñ¹ÌÇÑ ÀǽÄ
Å¿À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ³ªÀÇ »ý°¢µéÀÇ ±×¸®°í
¿ì¸®¸¦ ÀλýÀÌ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç ÇöÀÚÀÇ
»ý°¢µéÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀÌ ³»°Ô ³³µæÀÌ °¡°í ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â
°Íó·³ º¸¿©µµ, ³»°Ô´Â ³ªÀÇ °á·ÐÀÇ Á¤´ç¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¸·¿¬ÇÑ ÀǽÉÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
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It was like this: I, my reason, have
acknowledged that life is senseless. If there is nothing higher than
reason (and there is not: nothing can prove that there is), then reason is
the creator of life for me. If reason did not exist there would be for me
no life. How can reason deny life when it is the creator of life? Or to
put it the other way: were there no life, my reason would not exist;
therefore reason is life's son. Life is all. Reason is its fruit yet
reason rejects life itself! I felt that there was something wrong here. |
±×°ÍÀº À̰Ͱú °°¾Ò´Ù: ³ª, ³ªÀÇ À̼ºÀº ÀλýÀÌ
¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̼ºº¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é(±×°ÍÀº
¾ø´Ù: ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù), À̼ºÀº ³ª¸¦
À§ÇÑ ÀλýÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. À̼ºÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é
³ª¿¡°Ô¼µµ ÀλýÀº ¾ø´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô À̼ºÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ
âÁ¶ÀÚÀÌ¸é¼ ÀλýÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¾Æ´Ï ±×°ÍÀ»
´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏÀÚ¸é: ÀλýÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ³ªÀÇ À̼ºÀº
Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̼ºÀº ÀλýÀÇ
¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù. ÀλýÀº ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̼ºÀº ±× ¿¸ÅÀÌ´Ù
±×·¯³ª À̼ºÀº Àλý ÀÚü¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù! ³ª´Â ¿©±â¿¡
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À²¼´Ù. |
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Life is a senseless evil, that is certain,
said I to myself. Yet I have lived and am still living, and all mankind
lived and lives. How is that? Why does it live, when it is possible not to
live? Is it that only I and Schopenhauer are wise enough to understand the
senselessness and evil of life? |
ÀλýÀº ÀÇ¹Ì ¾ø´Â ¾ÇÀÌ´Ù, ±×°ÍÀº È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù, ³ª´Â
»ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â »ì¾Æ ¿Ô°í ¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¸ðµç Àηù°¡ »ì¾Ò°í »ì¾Æ°£´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ±×·¯ÇѰ¡?
¿Ö »ì¸ç, ¾ðÁ¦ »ìÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇѰ¡? ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ª¿Í
¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î¸¸ÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔ°ú ¾ÇÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ» ¸¸Å
Çö¸íÇѰ¡? |
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The reasoning showing the vanity of life
is not so difficult, and has long been familiar to the very simplest folk;
yet they have lived and still live. How is it they all live and never
think of doubting the reasonableness of life? |
ÀλýÀÌ ÇêµÊÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Ãß·ÐÀº ±×·¸°Ô ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿À·§µ¿¾È °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ôµµ Ä£¼÷ÇÏ´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº »ì¾Æ¿Ô°í ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ì¾Æ°£´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô
±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ »ì¸é¼ ÀλýÀÇ À̼ºÀÇ ÇÕ´çÇÔÀ»
ÀǽÉÇϱ⸦ °áÄÚ »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡? |
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My knowledge, confirmed by the wisdom of
the sages, has shown me that everything on earth-organic and inorganic -is
all most cleverly arranged-only my own position is stupid. And those
fools-the enormous masses of people -know nothing about how everything
organic and inorganic in the world is arranged; but they live, and it
seems to them that their life is very wisely arranged! ... |
ÇöÀÚµéÀÇ ÁöÇý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È®ÀÎµÈ ³ªÀÇ Áö½ÄÀº, Áö»óÀÇ
¸ðµç °ÍÀº-À¯±âü ¹× ¹«±âü-°ÅÀÇ ºóÆ´¾øÀÌ ÁغñµÇ¾î
ÀÖÀ¸³ª-¿ÀÁ÷ ³ªÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¸ ¾î¸®¼®´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³»°Ô º¸¿©
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µé ¾î¸®¼®Àº »ç¶÷µé-¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹Àº
»ç¶÷µé-Àº ¾î¶»°Ô ¼¼»óÀÇ À¯±â ¹× ¹«±âÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ
¹èÄ¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº
»ì¾Æ°£´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼ ±×µéÀÇ ÀλýÀº ¸Å¿ì
Çö¸íÇÏ°Ô ¾È¹èµÈ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ!... |
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And it struck me: "But what if there is
something I do not yet know? Ignorance behaves just in that way. Ignorance
always says just what I am saying. When it does not know something, it
says that what it does not know is stupid. Indeed, it appears that there
is a whole humanity that lived and lives as if it understood the meaning
of its life, for without understanding it could not live; but I say that
all this life is senseless and that I cannot live. |
±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ »ý°¢Àº: ¡®±×·¸Áö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³»°¡ ¸ð¸£´Â
¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡? ¹«Áö´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×·± ¾ç»óÀ»
¶í´Ù. ¹«Áö´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³»°¡ ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°ÍÀ»
¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¹«Áö°¡ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ¸ð¸¥´Ù¸é, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸ð¸£´Â
°ÍÀº ¾î¸®¼®´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÂüÀ¸·Î, »ì¾ÒÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ°¡´Â
Àüü Àηù°¡ ¸¶Ä¡ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´ÞÀ» °Í °°ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¾Ê°í¼´Â »ì ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀλýÀº ¹«ÀǹÌÇÏ¸ç ³ª´Â »ì ¼ö
¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
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"Nothing prevents our denying life by
suicide. Well then, kill yourself, and you won't discuss. If life
displeases you, kill yourself! You live, and cannot understand the meaning
of life- then finish it, and do not fool about in life, saying and writing
that you do not understand it. You have come into good company where
people are contented and know what they are doing; if you find it dull and
repulsive-go away!" |
¡®¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÚ»ì·Î¼ ÀλýÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÔÀ» ¸·Áö
¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±Û½ê ±×·¸´Ù¸é, ÀÚ»ìÇ϶ó, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº
³íÀïÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀλýÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» Áñ°Ì°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é,
ÀÚ»ìÇ϶ó! ´ç½ÅÀº »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦
±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù-±×·¸´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀ» ³¡³»¶ó, ±×¸®°í ÀλýÀ»
³¶ºñÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±ú´ÝÁöµµ ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰí
±â·ÏÇϸé¼. ´ç½ÅÀº ÁÁÀº ȸ»ç¿¡ ÀÔ»çÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×°÷ÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¸¸Á·ÇÏ¸ç ±×µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ´Ù; ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÌ Áö·çÇϰí Áö°Ü¿ì¸é-°¡¹ö·Á¶ó! |
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Indeed, what are we who are convinced of
the necessity of suicide yet do not decide to commit it, but the weakest,
most inconsistent, and to put it plainly, the stupidest of men, fussing
about with our own stupidity as a fool fusses about with a painted hussy?
For our wisdom, however indubitable it may be, has not given us the
knowledge of the meaning of our life. But all mankind who sustain life
-millions of them-do not doubt the meaning of life. |
Á¤¸»·Î, ÀÚ»ìÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ±ú´Ý°í ¾ÆÁ÷ ½ÇÇàÇÒ °á½ÉÀ»
ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡, ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â °¡Àå
³ª¾àÇϸç, °¡Àå ¸ð¼øµÇ¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÏÀÚ¸é,
±×·Á ³õÀº ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¹Ùº¸°¡ ¹ý¼® ¶°´Â °Íó·³ ¿ì¸®µé
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾î¸®¼®À½¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ý¼® ¶°´Â »ç¶÷µé °¡¿îµ¥¼µµ
°¡Àå ¾î¸®¼®Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁöÇý´Â, ¾Æ¹«¸®
ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Áö½ÄÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀλýÀ» Áö¼ÓÇÏ´Â
¸ðµç Àηù-±×µé ÁßÀÇ ¼ö¹é¸¸-´Â ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÀǽÉÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
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Indeed, from the most distant time of
which I know anything, when life began, people have lived knowing the
argument about the vanity of life which has shown me its senselessness,
and yet they lived attributing some meaning to it. |
ÂüÀ¸·Î, ³»°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ¸Õ ½Ã°£ºÎÅÍ, ÀλýÀÌ
½ÃÀ۵ǾúÀ» ¶§, »ç¶÷µéÀº ³»°Ô ±× ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ
ÀλýÀÇ ÇêµÊ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼ »ì¾Æ ¿Ô´Ù, ±×¸®°í
±×·¯¸é¼µµ ±×µéÀº Àλý¿¡ ¾à°£ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©Çϸé¼
»ì¾Ò´Ù. |
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From the time when any life began among
men they had that meaning of life, and they led that life which has
descended to me. All that is in me and around me, all, corporeal and
incorporeal, is the fruit of their knowledge of life. Those very
instruments of thought with which I consider this life and condemn it were
all devised not by me but by them. I myself was born, taught, and brought
up thanks to them. They dug out the iron, taught us to cut down the
forests, tamed the cows and horses, taught us to sow corn and to live
together, organized our life, and taught me to think and speak. And I,
their product, fed, supplied with drink, taught by them, thinking with
their thoughts and words, have argued that they are an absurdity! "There
is something wrong," said I to myself. "I have blundered somewhere."
But it was a long time before I could find out where the mistake was. |
»ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾î¶² ÀλýÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵø ¶§ºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀº
±× ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Á³´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀüÇØ ³»·Á¿Â
±×·± ÀλýÀ» À̲ø¾î °¬´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ
ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °Í, À°Ã¼Àû ¹× ºñÀ°Ã¼Àû ¸ðµÎ´Â
±×µéÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ Áö½ÄÀÇ ¿¸ÅÀÌ´Ù. ³»°¡ ÀÌ·± ÀλýÀ»
¼÷°íÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» ºñ³ÇÏ´Â ±×µé »ý°¢ÀÇ µµ±¸µé ÀÚü´Â
¸ðµÎ ³ª¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ °í¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×µé ´öÅÿ¡ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀº ž°í, ±³À° ¹Þ°í, ±×¸®°í
¾çÀ°µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼è¸¦ ÆÄ³»¾ú°í, ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ½£À»
º£¾î³»±â¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ¼Ò¿Í ¸»À» ±æµéÀ̰í, ¿Á¼ö¼ö¸¦
½É±â¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç´Â ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀλýÀ»
Á¶Á÷ÈÇϰí, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
°¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ »ê¹°ÀÎ ³ª´Â, ¸ÔÇôÁö°í,
À½·á¼ö¸¦ °ø±Þ ¹Þ°í, ±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±³À° ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ
»ç»ó°ú ¸»·Î¼ »ý°¢Çϸé¼, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¸ð¼øÀ̶ó°í
ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù! ¡®À߸øµÈ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.¡¯ ³ª´Â »ý°¢Çß´Ù.
¡®³»°¡ ¾îµð¼±°¡ ½Ç¼öÇß´Ù.¡¯ ±×·¯³ª ¾îµð¿¡ ¿À·ù°¡
ÀÖ´ÂÁö ³»°¡ ã¾Æ ³»±â±îÁö´Â ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀÌ °É·È´Ù. |
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