|
¡¡ |
¡¡
|
|
VI |
VI |
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
In my search for answers to life's
questions I experienced just what is felt by a man lost in a forest. |
ÀλýÀÇ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ´ë´äÀ» À§ÇÑ Å½±¸¿¡¼ ³ª´Â ½£ ¼Ó¿¡¼
±æÀ» ÀÒÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´À³¢´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°ÍÀ» °æÇèÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
He reaches a glade, climbs a tree, and
clearly sees the limitless distance, but sees that his home is not and
cannot be there; then he goes into the dark wood and sees the darkness,
but there also his home is not. |
±×´Â ½£ ¼ÓÀÇ ºóÅÍ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϰí, ³ª¹«¿¡ ¿À¸¥´Ù ±×¸®°í
³¡ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¸Õ °÷À» ¸·Èû ¾øÀÌ ¹Ù¶óº»´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ
ÁýÀº ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±ú´Ý´Â´Ù; ±×¸®°í
±×´Â ¾îµÎ¿î ½£ ¼Ó¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼ ¾îµÎ¿òÀ» ¹Ù¶óº»´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×°÷ ¶ÇÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ÁýÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. |
|
So I wandered in that wood of human
knowledge, amid the gleams of mathematical and experimental science which
showed me clear horizons but in a direction where there could be no home,
and also amid the darkness of the abstract sciences where I was immersed
in deeper gloom the further I went, and where I finally convinced myself
that there was, and could be, no exit. |
±×·¸°Ô ³ª´Â Àΰ£ Áö½ÄÀÇ ½£ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¹æÈ²ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ÁýÀº
ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹æÇâ¿¡¼ ³ª¿¡°Ô ±ú²ýÇÑ ¼öÆò¼±À» º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â
¼öÇÐÀûÀÎ ±×¸®°í ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ °úÇÐÀÇ ºÒ ºû ¼Ó¿¡¼, ±×¸®°í
¶ÇÇÑ ³»°¡ ´õ ¸Ö¸® °¥¼ö·Ï ³ª´Â ´õ ±íÀÌ ÄÄÄÄÇÏ°Ô °¡¶ó
¾É´Â Ãß»óÀû °úÇÐÀÇ ¾îµÎ¿ò ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¹æÈ²ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í
³ª´Â ¸¶Ä§³» ±×°÷¿¡´Â Ãⱸ°¡ ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÖÀ» ¼öµµ
¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
Yielding myself to the bright side of
knowledge, I understood that I was only diverting my gaze from the
question. However alluringly clear those horizons which opened out before
me might be, however alluring it might be to immerse oneself in the
limitless expanse of those sciences, I already understood that the clearer
they were the less they met my need and the less they applied to my
question. |
¹àÀº Ãø¸éÀÇ Áö½Ä¿¡ ³ª¸¦ ¸Ã±â¸é¼, ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ªÀÇ
½Ã¼±À» ¹®Á¦¿¡¼ µý µ¥·Î µ¹¸®°í ÀÖ¾úÀ½À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ³»
¾Õ¿¡ ÆîÃÄÁø ±×µé ¼öÆò¼±ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸ÅȤÀûÀ¸·Î
±ú²ýÇÏ´Ù ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ±×µé °úÇÐÀÇ ³¡¾øÀÌ ±¤È°ÇÔ¿¡
ħÀáÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸ÅȤÀûÀ̶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ³ª´Â À̹Ì
±×°ÍµéÀÌ ±ú²ýÇϸé ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï ±×°ÍµéÀº ³ªÀÇ Çʿ信 ´õ¿í
¸ø ¹ÌÄ¡°í ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´õ¿í Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
|
"I know," said I to myself, "what
science so persistently tries to discover, and along that road there is no
reply to the question as to the meaning of my life." In the abstract
sphere I understood that notwithstanding the fact, or just because of the
fact, that the direct aim of science is to reply to my question, there is
no reply but that which I have myself already given: "What is the
meaning of my life?" "There is none." Or: "What will come of my
life?" "Nothing." Or: "Why does everything exist that exists, and
why do I exist?" "Because it exists." |
³ª´Â »ý°¢Çß´Ù, ¡°³ª´Â °úÇÐÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô Áý¿äÇϰÔ
ãÀ¸·Á´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í ±× ±æÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸é ³ªÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ
Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± ´ë´äÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù.¡±
Ãß»óÀûÀÎ ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼ ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏ·Á ÇÔÀÌ
°úÇÐÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ̶ó´Â »ç½Ç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¶Ç´Â
±×³É ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ̱⠶§¹®À̶óµµ, ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ³»¾î
³õÀº °Í ¿ÜÀÇ ´ë´äÀº ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù: ¡°³ªÀÇ
ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡± ¡°¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù.¡± ¶Ç´Â:
¡°³ªÀÇ ÀλýÀº ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡± ¡°µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.¡±
¶Ç´Â: ¡°Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¿Ö Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡ ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â
¿Ö Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡?¡± ¡°Á¸ÀçÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.¡± |
|
Inquiring for one region of human
knowledge, I received an innumerable quantity of exact replies concerning
matters about which I had not asked: about the chemical constituents of
the stars, about the movement of the sun towards the constellation
Hercules, about the origin of species and of man, about the forms of
infinitely minute imponderable particles of ether; but in this sphere of
knowledge the only answer to my question, "What is the meaning of my
life?" was: 'You are what you call your "life"; you are a
transitory, casual cohesion of particles. The mutual interactions and
changes of these particles produce in you what you call your "life".
That cohesion will last some time; afterwards the interaction of these
particles will cease and what you call "life" will cease, and so will
all your questions. You are an accidentally united little lump of
something. That little lump ferments. The little lump calls that
fermenting its "life". The lump will disintegrate and there will be an
end of the fermenting and of all the questions.' So answers the clear
side of science and cannot answer otherwise if it strictly follows its
principles. |
Àΰ£ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀÇ ÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ» ¿äûÇÑ °á°ú, ³ª´Â ³»°¡
Áú¹®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© Á¤È®ÇÑ ¼ö¾øÀÌ ¸¹Àº
¾çÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ ´äº¯µéÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù: º°ÀÇ ÈÇÐÀû ¼ººÐ¿¡
´ëÇÏ¿©, Çì¶óŬ·¹½º ¼º¿îÀ» ÇâÇÑ ÇØÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼,
Á¾°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, ¹«ÇÑ´ë·Î ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ
¹«°ÔÃøÁ¤ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¿¡Å׸£ÀÇ ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ÇüÅ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©;
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± Áö½ÄÀÇ ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ
ÇØ´äÀº, ¡®³ªÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¡¯ ´Â: ¡®´ç½ÅÀº
´ç½ÅÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¡°Àλý¡±À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ´ç½ÅÀº
ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ ÀϽÃÀûÀ̸ç, ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ µ¢¾î¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ë°ú º¯ÈµéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¡°Àλý¡±À̶ó°í
ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç½Å ¾È¿¡ ¸¸µç´Ù. ±× µ¢¾î¸®µéÀº ¾ó¸¶ µ¿¾È
Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ¾ó¸¶ µÚ¿¡ À̵é ÀÔÀÚµéÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀº
¸ØÃâ °ÍÀ̸ç, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼ÒÀ§ ¡°Àλý¡±Àº ¸ØÃâ °ÍÀ̸ç,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Áú¹®µµ ±×·¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¿ì¿¬È÷
°áÇÕµÈ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÇ ÀÛÀº µ¢¾î¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÀÛÀº µ¢¾î¸®°¡
¹ßÈ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ±× Á¶±×¸¸ µ¢¾î¸®´Â ±× ¹ßÈ¿µÈ °ÍÀ» ±×ÀÇ ¡°Àλý¡±À̶ó
ºÎ¸¥´Ù. µ¢¾î¸®´Â ºÐÇØµÇ°í ¹ßÈ¿´Â ³¡ÀÌ ³¯ °ÍÀ̸ç,
¸ðµç Áú¹®µµ ³¡ÀÌ ³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ±×·¸°Ô °úÇÐÀÇ ¸í¹éÇÑ
Ãø¸éÀº ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ±× ¿øÄ¢À» ¾ö°ÝÇϰÔ
µû¸¥´Ù¸é ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ´ë´äÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
From such a reply one sees that the reply
does not answer the question. I want to know the meaning of my life, but
that it is a fragment of the infinite, far from giving it a meaning
destroys its every possible meaning. The obscure compromises which that
side of experimental exact science makes with abstract science when it
says that the meaning of life consists in development and in cooperation
with development, owing to their inexactness and obscurity cannot be
considered as replies. |
±×·¯ÇÑ ´ë´äÀ¸·Î´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â
°ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. ³ª´Â ³» ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¹«ÇÑÇÑ °ÍÀÇ ÆÄÆíÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº, Àλý¿¡ Àǹ̸¦
ºÎ¿©Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç Àǹ̸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ¿© ¹ö¸°´Ù.
ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ±×¸®°í ¹ßÀü°úÀÇ Çù·Â¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í
¸»ÇÒ ¶§ ±×·¯ÇÑ Ãø¸éÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ Á¤È®ÇÑ °úÇÐÀÌ Ãß»óÀû
°úÇаú ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â ºÒÅõ¸íÇÑ Å¸ÇùÀº, ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÔ°ú
ºÒÅõ¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ´äº¯µéÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁú ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
The other side of science-the abstract
side-when it holds strictly to its principles, replying directly to the
question, always replies, and in all ages has replied, in one and the same
way: 'The world is something infinite and incomprehensible part of that
incomprehensible "all".' Again I exclude all those compromises
between abstract and experimental sciences which supply the whole ballast
of the semi-sciences called juridical, political, and historical. In those
semi-sciences the conception of development and progress is again wrongly
introduced, only with this difference, that there it was the development
of everything while here it is the development of the life of mankind. The
error is there as before: development and progress in infinity can have no
aim or direction, and, as far as my question is concerned, no answer is
given. |
°úÇÐÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ãø¸éÀº-Ãß»óÀû Ãø¸é-±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ø¸®¸¦
¾ö°ÝÈ÷ °í¼öÇÒ ¶§, Áú¹®¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ´ë´äÀ» ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼ ¾ðÁ¦³ª
´ë´äÀ» Çϸç, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ³ªÀÌ¿¡¼ ¶È°°Àº ÇѰ¡Áö·Î
´ë´äÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù: ¡®¼¼»óÀº ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í
±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¡°¸ðµç °Í¡±ÀÇ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â
ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ´Ù½Ã, ³ª´Â ¹ý·ü, Á¤Ä¡, ±×¸®°í ¿ª»ç
°úÇÐÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â À¯»ç °úÇÐÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ»
ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â Ãß»óÀû ¹× ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ °úÇÐµé »çÀÌÀÇ ±× ¸ðµç
ŸÇùµéÀ» ¹èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µé À¯»ç °úÇп¡¼´Â ¹ßÀü°ú
Áøº¸ÀÇ °³³äÀÌ ´Ù½Ã±Ý ±×¸©µÇ°Ô ¼Ò°³ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¿ÀÁ÷
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Â÷À̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù, À̰÷¿¡ ÀηùÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±×°÷¿¡´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÀüó·³
¿À·ù´Â Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù: ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¹ßÀü°ú Áøº¸´Â ¾Æ¹«·±
¸ñÀûÀ̳ª ¹æÇâÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í, ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®°ú
°ü·ÃµÇ´Â ÇÑ, ¾Æ¹«·± ´ë´äÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
|
In truly abstract science, namely in
genuine philosophy- not in that which Schopenhauer calls 'professorial
philosophy' which serves only to classify all existing phenomena in new
philosophic categories and to call them by new names-where the philosopher
does not lose sight of the essential question, the reply is always one and
the same -- the reply given by Socrates, Schopenhauer, Solomon, and
buddha. |
ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î Ãß»óÀûÀÎ °úÇп¡¼, Áï ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Ã¶Çп¡¼´Â-¸ðµç
Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â Çö»óµéÀ» »õ·Î¿î öÇÐÀûÀÎ ¹üÁÖ·Î ºÐ·ùÇϰí
±×µéÀ» »õ·Î¿î À̸§À¸·Î ºÎ¸£´Â ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î°¡ ÀÏÄ´Â
¡®Á÷¾÷Àû öÇС¯¿¡¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó-öÇÐÀÚ°¡ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ
Áú¹®À» °£°úÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àִµ¥, ´ë´äÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª µü
ÇѰ¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù-¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º, ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î, ¼Ö·Î¸ó, ±×¸®°í
ºÎó°¡ ³»³õÀº ´ë´äÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"We approach truth only inasmuch as we
depart from life", said Socrates when preparing for death. "For what
do we, who love truth, strive after in life? To free ourselves from the
body, and from all the evil that is caused by the life of the body! If so,
then how can we fail to be glad when death comes to us? |
¡®¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀλýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶°³¯ ¶§ Áø¸®¿¡
Á¢±ÙÇÑ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º°¡ Á×À½À» ÁغñÇÒ ¶§ ¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°¹«¾ùÀ» À§ÇØ, Áø¸®¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®´Â, Àλý¿¡¼ ¾Ö¸¦
¾²´Â°¡? ¿ì¸®¸¦ À°½Å¿¡¼, ±×¸®°í À°½ÅÀÇ »ý¸í¿¡¼
ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â ¸ðµç ¾Ç¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áö·Á°í! ±×·¸´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Á×À½ÀÌ ´Ù°¡¿Ã ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â Áñ°Å¿öÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»
¼ö°¡ Àִ°¡? |
|
"The wise man seeks death all his life
and therefore death is not terrible to him." |
¡®ÁöÇý·Î¿î ÀÚ´Â ÀÏÆò»ýÀ» ÅëÇØ Á×À½À» Ãß±¸ÇÑ´Ù
±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á×À½Àº ±×¿¡°Ô ¹«¼·Áö ¾Ê´Ù.¡¯ |
|
And Schopenhauer says: |
±×¸®°í ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: |
|
'Having recognized the inmost essence of
the world as will, and all its phenomena -- from the unconscious
working of the obscure forces of Nature up to the completely conscious
action of man -- as only the objectivity of that will, we shall in no way
avoid the conclusion that together with the voluntary renunciation and
self-destruction of the will all those phenomena also disappear, that
constant striving and effort without aim or rest on all the stages of
objectivity in which and through which the world exists; the diversity of
successive forms will disappear, and together with the form all the
manifestations of will, with its most universal forms, space and time, and
finally its most fundamental form -- subject and object. Without will
there is no concept and no world. Before us, certainly, nothing remains.
But what resists this transition into annihilation, our nature, is only
that same wish to live-Wille zum Leben-which forms ourselves as
well as our world. That we are so afraid of annihilation or, what is the
same thing, that we so wish to live, merely means that we are ourselves
nothing else but this desire to live, and know nothing but it. And so what
remains after the complete annihilation of the will, for us who are so
full of the will, is, of course, nothing; but on the other hand, for those
in whom the will has turned and renounced itself, this so real world of
ours with all its suns and milky way is nothing.' |
¡®¼¼»óÀÇ °¡Àå ±íÀº º»ÁúÀ» ¡®ÀÇÁö¡¯·Î¼, ±×¸®°í ±×
¸ðµç Çö»óµéÀ»-ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ ÈûÀÇ ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ
ÀÛµ¿¿¡¼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§±îÁö-±× ÀÇÁöÀÇ
°´Ã¼·Î ÀνÄÇϹǷÎ, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÇÁöÀÇ ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÎ Æ÷±â¿Í
ÀÚ±â ÆÄ¸ê°ú ÇÔ²² ±× ¸ðµç Çö»óµé, Áï, °´Ã¼ ¾È¿¡¼
±×¸®°í °´Ã¼¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¼¼»óÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç
´Ü°èµé¿¡¼ ¸ñÀûÀ̳ª ÈÞ½ÄÀÌ ¾ø´Â ºÎ´ÜÇÑ ÅõÀï°ú ³ë·Â,
¶ÇÇÑ »ç¶óÁø´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ» °áÄÚ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼ºµµ »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×
ÇüÅÂ¿Í ÇÔ²², ÀÇÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç Ç¥½Äµé, °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ
ÇüÅÂ, °ø°£ ¹× ½Ã°£, ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ±×ÀÇ °¡Àå
±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÇüÅÂ-ÁÖü¿Í °´Ã¼¸¶Àúµµ. ÀÇÁö°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é
¾Æ¹«·± °³³äµµ ¼¼»óµµ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®µé ¾Õ¿¡´Â, È®½ÇÈ÷,
¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ¸ê¸ÁÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ÀüÀÌ¿¡
ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â °Í, Áï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ º»¼ºÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¿Í °°Àº »ì°íÀÚ
ÇÏ´Â ¿å±¸ÀÌ´Ù-Wille zum Leben-±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸® ÀڽŰú
¼¼»óÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ê¸ÁÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª µÎ·Á¿ö ÇÑ´Ù´Â
°Í ¶Ç´Â, ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î¼, ¿ì¸®°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª »ì°í ½Í¾î
ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀº ÀÌ·± »ì°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¿å¸ÁÀÏ
»ÓÀ̸ç, ±×°Í¸¸ ¾Ë »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·± ±î´ß¿¡ ÀÇÁöÀÇ
¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸ê¸Á µÚ¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº, ÀÇÁö·Î ±×Åä·Ï °¡µæ
Â÷ ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â, ¹°·Ð, ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥
ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, Àڽŵ鿡°Ô¼ ÀÇÁö°¡ ¶°³µ°Å³ª ±× ÀÚü¸¦
Æ÷±âÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â, žçµé°ú ÀºÇϼö°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
±×Åä·Ï »ç½ÇÀûÀÎ ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.¡¯ |
|
"Vanity of vanities", says
Solomon-'vanity of vanities-all is vanity. What profit hath a man of all
his labor which he taketh under the sun? One generation passeth away, and
another generation commeth: but the earth abideth for ever....The thing
that hath been, is that which shall be; and that which is done is that
which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun. Is there
anything whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of
old time, which was before us. There is no remembrance of former things;
neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come with
those that shall come after. I the Preacher was King over Israel in
Jerusalem. And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning
all that is done under heaven: This sore travail hath God given to the
sons of man to be exercised therewith. I have seen all the works that are
done under the sun; and behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit....I
communed with my own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and
have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before me over
Jerusalem: yea, my heart hath great experience of wisdom and knowledge.
And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I
perceived that this also is vexation of spirit. For in much wisdom is much
grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow. |
¡°ÇêµÇ°í ÇêµÇµµ´Ù¡±, ¶ó°í ¼Ö·Î¸óÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù-¡®ÇêµÇ°í
ÇêµÇµµ´Ù-¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ÇêµÇµµ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼
¼ö°íÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¼ö°í°¡ Àڱ⿡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÌ À¯ÀÍÇѰí. ÇÑ
¼¼´ë´Â °¡°í ÇÑ ¼¼´ë´Â ¿ÀµÇ ¶¥Àº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÀÖµµ´Ù... À̹Ì
ÀÖ´ø °ÍÀÌ ÈÄ¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀÖ°Ú°í ÀÌ¹Ì ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÈÄ¿¡ ´Ù½Ã
ÇÒÁö¶ó ÇØ ¾Æ·¡´Â »õ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø³ª´Ï. ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸®ÄÑ
À̸£±â¸¦ º¸¶ó À̰ÍÀÌ »õ °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸·ª ¿À·¡
Àü ¼¼´ë¿¡µµ ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÖ¾ú´À´Ï¶ó. ÀÌÀü ¼¼´ë¸¦ ±â¾ïÇÔÀÌ
¾øÀ¸´Ï Àå·¡ ¼¼´ëµµ ±× ÈÄ ¼¼´ë°¡ ±â¾ïÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸®¶ó.
³ª ÀüµµÀÚ´Â ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡¼ À̽º¶ó¿¤ ¿ÕÀÌ µÇ¾î, ¸¶À½À»
´ÙÇϸç ÁöÇý¸¦ ½á¼ ÇÏ´Ã ¾Æ·¡¼ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ»
±Ã±¸ÇÏ¸ç »ìÇÉÁï ÀÌ´Â ±«·Î¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ï Çϳª´ÔÀÌ
Àλýµé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ»ç ¼ö°íÇÏ°Ô ÇϽаÍÀ̶ó. ³»°¡ ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼
ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» º»Áï ´Ù ÇêµÇ¾î ¹Ù¶÷À» ÀâÀ¸·Á´Â
°ÍÀ̷δÙ... ³»°¡ ¸¶À½ °¡¿îµ¥ ¸»ÇÏ¿© À̸£±â¸¦ ³»°¡ Å«
ÁöÇý¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾ò¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ³ªº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ ÀÖ´ø
ÀÚº¸´Ù ³´´Ù ÇÏ¿´³ª´Ï °ð ³» ¸¶À½ÀÌ ÁöÇý¿Í Áö½ÄÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ
¸¸³ª º¸¾ÒÀ½À̷δÙ. ³»°¡ ´Ù½Ã ÁöÇý¸¦ ¾Ë°íÀÚ ÇÏ¸ç ¹ÌÄ£
°Í°ú ¹Ì·ÃÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿© ¸¶À½À» ½èÀ¸³ª À̰͵µ
¹Ù¶÷À» ÀâÀ¸·Á´Â °ÍÀÎ ÁÙÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Òµµ´Ù. ÁöÇý°¡ ¸¹À¸¸é
¹ø³úµµ ¸¹À¸´Ï Áö½ÄÀ» ´õÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â ±Ù½ÉÀ» ´õÇÏ´À´Ï¶ó |
|
"I said in my heart, Go to now, I will
prove thee with mirth, therefore enjoy pleasure: and behold this also is
vanity. I said of laughter, It is mad: and of mirth, What doeth it? I
sought in my heart how to cheer my flesh with wine, and while my heart was
guided by wisdom, to lay hold on folly, till I might see what it was good
for the sons of men that they should do under heaven the number of the
days of their life. I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted
me vineyards; I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them
of all kinds of fruits: I made me pools of water, to water therefrom the
forest where trees were reared: I got me servants and maidens, and had
servants born in my house; also I had great possessions of herds and
flocks above all that were before me in Jerusalem: I gathered me also
silver and gold and the peculiar treasure from kings and from the
provinces: I got me men singers and women singers; and the delights of the
sons of men, as musical instruments and all that of all sorts. So I was
great, and increased more than all that were before me in Jerusalem: also
my wisdom remained with me. And whatever mine eyes desired I kept not from
them. I withheld not my heart from any joy....Then I looked on all the
works that my hands had wrought, and on the labour that I had laboured to
do: and, behold, all was vanity and vexation of spirit, and there was no
profit from them under the sun. And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and
madness, and folly.... But I perceived that one even happeneth to them
all. Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so it happeneth
even to me, and why was I then more wise? then I said in my heart, that
this also is vanity. For there is no remembrance of the wise more than of
the fool for ever; seeing that which now is in the days to come shall all
be forgotten. And how dieth the wise man? as the fool. Therefore I hated
life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me:
for all is vanity and vexation of spirit. Yea, I hated all my labour which
I had taken under the sun: seeing that I must leave it unto the man that
shall be after me.... For what hath man of all his labour, and of the
vexation of his heart, wherein he hath laboured under the sun? For all his
days are sorrows, and his travail grief; yea, even in the night his heart
taketh no rest. this is also vanity. Man is not blessed with security that
he should eat and drink and cheer his soul from his own labour.... All
things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous and to the
wicked; to the good and to the evil; to the clean and to the unclean; to
him that sacrificeth and to him that sacrificeth not; as is the good, so
is the sinner; and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an oath. This is
an evil in all that is done under the sun, that there is one event unto
all; yea, also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness
is in their heart while they live, and after that they go to the dead. For
him that is among the living there is hope: for a living dog is better
than a dead lion. For the living know that they shall die: but the dead
know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of
them is forgotten. also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is
now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing
that is done under the sun." |
³ª´Â ³» ¸¶À½¿¡ À̸£±â¸¦ ÀÚ ³»°¡ ½ÃÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ³Ê¸¦
Áñ°Ì°Ô Çϸ®´Ï ³Ê´Â ³«À» ´©¸®¶ó ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª º»Áï À̰͵µ
ÇêµÇµµ´Ù. ³»°¡ ¿ôÀ½À» ³íÇÏ¿© À̸£±â¸¦ ¹ÌÄ£ °ÍÀ̶ó
ÇÏ¿´°í Èñ¶ôÀ» ³íÇÏ¿© À̸£±â¸¦ Àú°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» Çϴ°¡
ÇÏ¿´³ë¶ó. ³» ¸¶À½ÀÌ ±Ã±¸Çϱ⸦ ³»°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¿©¾ß ³»
¸¶À½¿¡ ÁöÇý·Î ´Ù½º¸²À» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼ ¼ú·Î ³» À°½ÅÀ»
Áñ°Ì°Ô ÇÒ±î ¶Ç ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¿©¾ß ¾î¸®¼®À½À» ÃëÇÏ¿©¼
õÇÏ ÀλýÀÇ Á¾½ÅÅä·Ï »ýȰÇÔ¿¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ Äè¶ôÀÎÁö
¾Ë±î ÇÏ¿´À¸¸®¶ó. ³ªÀÇ »ç¾÷À» Å©°Ô ÇÏ¿´³ë¶ó ³»°¡ ³ª¸¦
À§ÇÏ¿© ÁýµéÀ» ÁöÀ¸¸ç Æ÷µµ¿øÀ» ½ÉÀ¸¸ç; ¿©·¯ µ¿»ê°ú
°ú¿øÀ» ¸¸µé°í ±× °¡¿îµ¥ °¢Á¾ °ú¸ñÀ» ½É¾úÀ¸¸ç; ¼ö¸ñÀ»
±â¸£´Â »ï¸²¿¡ ¹°ÁÖ±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¸øÀ» ÆÍÀ¸¸ç; ³ëºñ´Â
»ç±âµµ ÇÏ¿´°í Áý¿¡¼ ³ª°Ôµµ ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ³ªº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú
¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¸ðµç ÀÚº¸´Ùµµ ¼Ò¿Í ¾ç ¶¼ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯¸¦
¸¹°Ô ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç; Àº±Ý°ú ¿ÕµéÀÇ º¸¹è¿Í ¿©·¯ µµÀÇ º¸¹è¸¦
½×°í ¶Ç ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â ³²³à¿Í ÀλýµéÀÇ ±â»µÇϴ ó¿Í
øµéÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ µÎ¾ú³ë¶ó. ³»°¡ À̰°ÀÌ Ã¢¼ºÇÏ¿© ³ªº¸´Ù
¸ÕÀú ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¸ðµç ÀÚº¸´Ù Áö³ª°í ³» ÁöÇýµµ
³»°Ô ¿©ÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö ³» ¸¶À½ÀÌ Áñ°Å¿öÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ» ³»°¡ ¸·Áö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï... ±× ÈÄ¿¡ º»Áï ³» ¼ÕÀ¸·Î
ÇÑ ¸ðµç Àϰú ¼ö°íÇÑ ¸ðµç ¼ö°í°¡ ´Ù ÇêµÇ¾î ¹Ù¶÷À»
ÀâÀ¸·Á´Â °ÍÀ̸ç ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ ¹«ÀÍÇÑ °ÍÀ̷δÙ. ³»°¡
µ¹ÀÌÄÑ ÁöÇý¿Í ¸Á·ÉµÊ°ú ¾î¸®¼®À½À» º¸¾Ò³ª´Ï... À̵éÀÇ
´çÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀϹÝÀÎ ÁÙÀ» ³»°¡ ±ú´Ý°í ½ÉÁß¿¡ À̸£±â¸¦
¿ì¸ÅÀÚÀÇ ´çÇÑ °ÍÀ» ³ªµµ ´çÇϸ®´Ï ³»°¡ ½ÉÁß¿¡
À̸£±â¸¦ À̰͵µ ÇêµÇµµ´Ù. ÁöÇýÀÚ³ª ¿ì¸ÅÀÚ³ª
¿µ¿øÅä·Ï ±â¾ïÇÔÀ» ¾òÁö ¸øÇϳª´Ï ÈÄÀÏ¿¡´Â ´Ù
Àؾî¹ö¸° Áö ¿À·¤ °ÍÀÓÀ̶ó ¿ÀÈ£¶ó ÁöÇýÀÚÀÇ Á×À½ÀÌ
¿ì¸ÅÀÚÀÇ Á×À½°ú ÀϹÝÀ̷δÙ. ÀÌ·¯¹Ç·Î ³»°¡ »ç´Â °ÍÀ»
ÇÑÇÏ¿´³ë´Ï ÀÌ´Â ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ³»°Ô ±«·Î¿òÀÌ¿ä
´Ù ÇêµÇ¾î ¹Ù¶÷À» ÀâÀ¸·Á´Â °ÍÀÓÀ̷δÙ. ³»°¡ ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼
³ªÀÇ ¼ö°íÇÑ ¸ðµç ¼ö°í¸¦ ÇÑÇÏ¿´³ë´Ï ÀÌ´Â ³» µÚ¸¦ ÀÌÀ»
ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ³¢Ä¡°Ô µÊÀ̶ó... »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ ¼ö°íÇÏ´Â
¸ðµç ¼ö°í¿Í ¸¶À½¿¡ ¾Ö¾²´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¼ÒµæÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÌ·ª.
ÀÏÆò»ý¿¡ ±Ù½ÉÇÏ¸ç ¼ö°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ½½ÇÄ»ÓÀ̶ó ±×
¸¶À½ÀÌ ¹ã¿¡µµ ½¬Áö ¸øÇϳª´Ï À̰͵µ ÇêµÇµµ´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÌ
¸Ô°í ¸¶½Ã¸ç ¼ö°íÇÏ´Â °¡¿îµ¥¼ ½É·ÉÀ¸·Î ³«À» ´©¸®°Ô
ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ³ªÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾ø³ª´Ï... ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÓÇÏ´Â
¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀ̶ó ÀÇÀΰú ¾ÇÀÎÀÌ¸ç ¼±ÇÏ°í ±ú²ýÇÑ
ÀÚ¿Í ±ú²ýÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÚ¸ç Á¦»ç¸¦ µå¸®´Â ÀÚ¿Í Á¦»ç¸¦
µå¸®Áö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀÇ °á±¹ÀÌ ÀϹÝÀÌ´Ï ¼±Àΰú
ÁËÀÎÀÌ¸ç ¸Í¼¼ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿Í ¸Í¼¼Çϱ⸦ ¹«¼¿öÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡
ÀϹÝÀ̷δÙ. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ °á±¹ÀÌ ÀϹÝÀÎ ±×°ÍÀº ÇØ
¾Æ·¡¼ ¸ðµç ÀÏ Áß¿¡ ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ï °ð ÀλýÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ¾ÇÀÌ
°¡µæÇÏ¿© Æò»ý¿¡ ¹ÌÄ£ ¸¶À½À» ǰ´Ù°¡ ÈÄ¿¡´Â Á×Àº
ÀÚ¿¡°Ô·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â °ÍÀ̶ó. ¸ðµç »ê ÀÚ Áß¿¡ Âü¿¹ÇÑ
ÀÚ°¡ ¼Ò¸ÁÀÌ ÀÖÀ½Àº »ê °³°¡ Á×Àº »çÀÚ º¸´Ù ³ªÀ½À̴϶ó.
¹«¸© »ê ÀÚ´Â Á×À» ÁÙÀ» ¾ËµÇ Á×Àº ÀÚ´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ
¸ð¸£¸ç ´Ù½Ã´Â »óµµ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±× À̸§ÀÌ
Àؾî¹ö¸° ¹Ù µÊÀ̶ó. ±× »ç¶ûÇÔ°ú ¹Ì¿öÇÔ°ú ½Ã±âÇÔÀÌ
¾ø¾îÁø Áö ¿À·¡´Ï ÇØ ¾Æ·¡¼ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÈñ°¡
´Ù½Ã´Â ¿µ¿µÈ÷ ºÐº¹ÀÌ ¾ø´À´Ï¶ó |
|
So said Solomon, or whoever wrote those
words.* |
¼Ö·Î¸óÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù, ¾Æ´Ï ´©°¡ ±× ¸»¾¸µéÀ»
±â·ÏÇÏ¿´´øÁö. |
|
And this is what the Indian wisdom tells: |
±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀº Àεµ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁöÇý°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù: |
|
Sakya Muni,* a young, happy prince, from
whom the existence of sickness, old age, and death had been hidden, went
out to drive and saw a terrible old man, toothless and slobbering. The
prince, from whom till then old age had been concealed, was amazed, and
asked his driver what it was, and how that man had come to such a wretched
and disgusting condition, and when he learnt that this was the common fate
of all men, that the same thing inevitably awaited him-the young prince-he
could not continue his drive, but gave orders to go home, that he might
consider this fact. So he shut himself up alone and considered it. And he
probably devised some consolation for himself, for he subsequently again
went out to drive, feeling merry and happy. But this time he saw a sick
man. He saw an emaciated, livid, trembling man with dim eyes. The prince,
from whom sickness had been concealed, stopped and asked what this was.
And when he learnt that this was sickness, to which all men are liable,
and that he himself -- a healthy and happy prince -- might himself fall
ill tomorrow, he again was in no mood to enjoy himself but gave orders to
drive home, and again sought some solace, and probably found it, for he
drove out a third time for pleasure. But this third time he saw another
new sight: he saw men carrying something. 'What is that?' 'A dead
man.' 'What does dead mean?' asked the prince. He was told
that to become dead means to become like that man. The prince approached
the corpse, uncovered it, and looked at it. 'What will happen to him
now?' asked the prince. He was told that the corpse would be buried in
the ground. 'Why?' 'Because he will certainly not return to life,
and will only produce a stench and worms.' 'And is that the fate of
all men? Will the same thing happen to me? Will they bury me, and shall I
cause a stench and be eaten by worms?' 'Yes.' 'Home! I shall not
drive out for pleasure, and never will so drive out again!' |
¾î¸®°í ÇູÇÑ ¿ÕÀÚÀÎ ¼®°¡¸ð´Ï´Â, ±×¿¡°Ô¼ Áúº´,
´ÄÀ½, ±×¸®°í Á×À½ÀÇ Á¸Àç°¡ ¼û°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, °¡¸¶¸¦
Ÿ°í ³ª°¬´Ù ±×¸®°í ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ´ÄÀº ³ëÀÎÀ» º¸¾Ò´Âµ¥,
ÀÌ»¡µµ ¾ø¾ú°í ħÀ» È긮°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§±îÁö
¿ÕÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â, ´Ä´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¼û°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³î¶ó¿Í Çß´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ °¡¸¶²Û¿¡°Ô ±×°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¹°¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í
¾î¶»°Ô ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ºñÂüÇÏ°í ±¸¿ªÁú ³ª´Â ¸ð¾çÀ»
Çϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ À̰ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °øÅëÀÇ
¿î¸íÀ̸ç, ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ôµµ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¹è¿üÀ» ¶§-±× ¾î¸° ¿ÕÀÚ´Â-°¡¸¶¸¦ °è¼Ó Ÿ°í °¥ ¼ö
¾ø¾ú´Ù, ±×´Â Áý¿¡ °¡ÀÚ°í ¸í·ÉÇßÀ¸´Ï ÀÌ »ç½ÇÀ»
»ý°¢Çغ¸·Á ÇÔÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×´Â È¥ÀÚ µé¾î¹ÚÇô¼
±×°ÍÀ» »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ½º½º·Î ¾î¶²
À§·Î¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â °ð ´Ù½Ã °¡¸¶¸¦ Ÿ°í
³ª°¬À¸¸ç, Áñ°Ì°í ÇູÇÏ°Ô ´À²¼±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
À̹ø¿£ º´ÀÚ¸¦ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â Èñ¹ÌÇÑ ´«À¸·Î ÃÊÃéÇϰí,
°ËǪ¸£¸ç, ¶³°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À» º¸¾Ò´Ù. Áúº´ÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô´Â
°¨Ãß¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´øÁö¶ó, ¿ÕÀÚ´Â À̰ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¹°¾ú´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×°¡ À̰ÍÀº Áúº´À̸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °É¸± ¼ö
ÀÖ°í, ±×¸®°í ±× Àڽŵµ-°Ç°Çϰí ÇູÇÑ ¿ÕÀÚ-³»ÀÏÀº
º´¿¡ °É¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ì°í´Â, ´Ù½Ã ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Áñ±æ
±âºÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾î¼, ÁýÀ¸·Î °¡ÀÚ°í Çß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã
¾à°£ÀÇ À§¾ÈÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¸¶µµ ã¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â ¼¼ ¹øÂ°·Î Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ãÀ¸·¯ ¹Û¿¡ ³ª°¬´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¼¼ ¹øÂ°´Â ±×°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »õ·Î¿î ±¤°æÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù:
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ µé°í °¡´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¡®Àú°Ô
¹¼´Ï±î?¡¯ ¡®Á×Àº »ç¶÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù¡¯ ¡®¡±Á×Àº¡±ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ»
ÀǹÌÇմϱî?¡¯ ¿ÕÀÚ°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Á״´ٴ °ÍÀº Àú
»ç¶÷ó·³ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í µé¾ú´Ù. ¿ÕÀÚ´Â ½Ãü¿¡
´Ù°¡°¡¼, °ÅÀûÀ» µé°í¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù. ¡®ÀÌÁ¦
±×°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µË´Ï±î?¡¯ ¿ÕÀÚ°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù. ¿ÕÀÚ´Â ±×°¡
¶¥¿¡ ¹¯Èù´Ù°í µé¾ú´Ù. ¡®¿Ö ±×·¸½À´Ï±î?¡¯ ¡®±×´Â
È®½ÇÈ÷ »ý¸íÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾ÇÃë¿Í
¹ú·¹¸¸ ³ª¿Ã °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡¯ ¡®±×°ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿î¸íÀԴϱî? ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ôµµ
ÀϾ´Ï±î? ±×µéÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ¹¯À» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×¸®°í ³ªµµ
¾ÇÃ븦 ³»°í ¹ú·¹°¡ ¸Ô½À´Ï±î?¡¯ ¡®±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù.¡¯ ¡®ÁýÀ¸·Î
°¡¿ä! ³ª´Â Àç¹Ìº¸±â À§Çؼ °¡¸¶¸¦ ŸÁö ¾Ê°Ú½À´Ï´Ù,
±×¸®°í °áÄÚ ´Ù½Ã ±×·¸°Ô Ÿ°í ³ª°¡Áö ¾Ê°Ú½À´Ï´Ù!¡¯ |
|
And Sakya Muni could find no consolation
in life, and decided that life is the greatest of evils; and he devoted
all the strength of his soul to free himself from it, and to free others;
and to do this so that, even after death, life shall not be renewed any
more but be completely destroyed at its very roots. So speaks all the
wisdom of India. |
±×¸®°í ¼®°¡¸ð´Ï´Â Àλý¿¡¼ ¾Æ¹«·± À§¾Èµµ ãÀ» ¼ö
¾ø¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í »îÀÌ °¡Àå Å« ¾ÇÀ̶ó°í ´ÜÁ¤ Áö¾ú´Ù;
±×¸®°í ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×°Í¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª°í ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µéµµ ¹þ¾î³ª°Ô ÇϰíÀÚ ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈûÀ»
½ñ¾Ò´Ù; ±×´Â ÀÌÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, ½ÉÁö¾î Á×Àº µÚ¿¡µµ
ÀλýÀÌ ´Ù½Ã žÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ±×·¯³ª ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ±×
»Ñ¸®ºÎÅÍ ÆÄ±«µÇµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀεµÀÇ ¸ðµç ÁöÇý°¡
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
These are the direct replies that human
wisdom gives when it replies to life's question. |
À̰͵éÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´äº¯ÇÒ ¶§ Àΰ£ÀÇ
ÁöÇý°¡ ÁÖ´Â Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ´ë´äµéÀÌ´Ù. |
|
"The life of the body is an evil and a
lie. Therefore the destruction of the life of the body is a blessing, and
we should desire it," says Socrates. |
¡®À°½ÅÀÇ »ý¸íÀº ¾ÇÀÌ¸ç °ÅÁþÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À°½ÅÀÇ
»ý¸íÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃູÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ»
¿øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù,¡¯°í ¼ÒÅ©¶óÅ×½º´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"Life is that which should not be -- an
evil; and the passage into Nothingness is the only good in life," says
Schopenhauer. |
¡®ÀλýÀº À־ ¾È µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-¾ÇÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¹«(Ùí)·ÎÀÇ
À̵¿ÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¼±ÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ¶ó°í ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î´Â
¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"All that is in the world -- folly and
wisdom and riches and poverty and mirth and grief -- is vanity and
emptiness. Man dies and nothing is left of him. And that is stupid,"
says Solomon. |
¡®¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °Í-¾î¸®¼®À½°ú ÁöÇý¿Í ºÎ¿Í
ºó°ï°ú Áñ°Å¿ò°ú ½½ÇÄ-Àº ÇêµÇ¸ç ºñ¾î ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº
Á×°í ±×¿¡°Ô¼ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº
¾î¸®¼®´Ù,¡¯ ¶ó°í ¼Ö·Î¸óÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"To live in the consciousness of the
inevitability of suffering, of becoming enfeebled, of old age and of
death, is impossible -- we must free ourselves from life, from all
possible life," says Buddha. |
¡®ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °íÅë, ¼è¾àÇØÁü, ³ë¼èÇÔ°ú Á×À½À»
ÀǽÄÇÏ¸ç »ç´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù-¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ½º½º·Î
»ý¸í, ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ »ý¸íÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù,¡¯¶ó°í
¼®°¡´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
And what these strong minds said has been
said and thought and felt by millions upon millions of people like them.
And I have thought it and felt it. |
±×¸®°í ÀÌµé °ÇÑ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀº
±×µé°ú °°Àº ¼ö¹é¸¸¿¡ ¶Ç ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸»ÇØÁ³À¸¸ç
»ý°¢µÇ¾î Á³°í ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ªµµ ±×°ÍÀ»
»ý°¢ÇÏ¿´°í ´À²¼´Ù. |
|
So my wandering among the sciences, far
from freeing me from my despair, only strengthened it. One kind of
knowledge did not reply to life's question, the other kind replied
directly confirming my despair, indicating not that the result at which I
had arrived was the fruit of error or of a diseased state of my mind, but
on the contrary that I had thought correctly, and that my thoughts
coincided with the conclusions of the most powerful of human minds. |
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿© °úÇÐµé ¾È¿¡¼ ³»°¡ ¹æÈ²ÇÑ °ÍÀº, ³ª¸¦
Àý¸Á¿¡¼ ÇØ¹æ½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ±â´Â Ä¿³ç, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á Àý¸ÁÀ»
°È½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ Áö½ÄÀº ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡
´ë´äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ Á¾·ù´Â Áï°¢ ³ªÀÇ Àý¸ÁÀ»
È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ´ë´äÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×°ÍÀº ³»°¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ °á°ú°¡
¿À·ùÀÇ ¿¸ÅÀ̰ųª ³ªÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÌ º´µç »óŶ󼰡
¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¹Ý´ë·Î ³ª´Â ¹Ù¸£°Ô »ý°¢ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í
³ªÀÇ »ý°¢µéÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸¶À½µé¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ °¡Àå ÈûÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ °á·Ð°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
|
It is no good deceiving oneself. It is all
-- vanity! Happy is he who has not been born: Death is better than life,
and one must free oneself from life. |
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¼ÓÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÇ·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ-ÇêµÇ´Ù!
ÇູÀº žÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÖ´Ù: Á×À½ÀÌ »ý¸íº¸´Ù
³´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â »ý¸íÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô
ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
¡¡ |
¡¡
|